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Revalidation of Dolichothele Mello-Leitão and Notes on Hapalotremus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae)

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Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment ISSN: 0165-0521 (Print) 1744-5140 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/nnfe20 Revalidation of Dolichothele Mello-Leitão and notes on Hapalotremus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) Sylvia Marlene Lucas & Rafael Prezzi Indicatti To cite this article: Sylvia Marlene Lucas & Rafael Prezzi Indicatti (2015): Revalidation of Dolichothele Mello-Leitão and notes on Hapalotremus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae), Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2015.1103553 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2015.1103553 Published online: 19 Nov 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 20 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=nnfe20 Download by: [Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas USP] Date: 07 December 2015, At: 12:53 Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2015.1103553 Revalidation of Dolichothele Mello-Leitão and notes on Hapalotremus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) Sylvia Marlene Lucas* & Rafael Prezzi Indicatti Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil (Received 25 April 2014; accepted 1 October 2015) Hapalotremus exilis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) and Hapalotremus muticus (Mello-Leitão, 1923), previously considered as nomina dubia are here revalidated through the examination of the holotypes. Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 is revalidated and their type species, Dolichothele exilis Mello-Leitão, 1923 is restored. Goniodontium Mello-Leitão, 1923 and Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924 are considered junior synonyms of Dolichothele. Hapalotremus muticus and Oligoxystre caatinga Guadanucci, 2007 are considered junior synonyms of D. exilis. All species of Oligoxystre are transferred to Dolichothele. Cyclothoracoides Strand, 1929, currently a junior synonym of Hapalotremus Simon, 1903, is here considered a junior synonym of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871. Hapalotremus exilis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) e Hapalotremus muticus (Mello-Leitão, 1923), previamente consideradas como nomina dubia, são aqui revalidadas após o exame dos holótipos. Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 é revalidado e sua espécie-tipo, Dolichotele exilis Mello-Leitão, 1923, é restaurada. Goniodontium Mello-Leitão, 1923 e Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924 são considerados sinônimos júnior de Dolichothele. Hapalotremus muticus (Mello-Leitão, 1923) e Oligoxystre caatinga Guadanucci, 2007 são consideradas sinônimos júnior de D. exilis. Todas as espécies de Oligoxystre são transferidas para Dolichothele. Cyclothoracoides Strand, 1929, atualmente um sinônimo júnior de Hapalotremus Simon, 1903, é aqui considerado um sinônimo júnior de Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871. Keywords: Goniodontium; Homoeomma; Oligoxystre; spider Introduction Cyclothorax for Cyclothoracoides, because it was pre- The Theraphosinae genus Hapalotremus was estab- occupied. Raven (1985) considered the three genera as lished by Simon (1903) to include the only known junior synonyms of Hapalotremus after the examina- species at the time, Hapalotremus albipes Simon, tion of the holotypes of D. exilis and G. muticum, but 1903, based on a male specimen described from not the holotype of Hapalotremus albipes Simon, Bolivia. The genus was revised by Gerschman-de- 1903, which presents a male palpal bulb with Pikelin & Schiapelli (1973), who studied the holotype extended subtegulum and conspicuous subapical keel of H. albipes and presented figures of the male palpal on the embolus, characteristics of Theraphosinae bulb and leg I tibial apophysis, important characters (Pérez-Miles et al. 1996) and a spermathecae with fi in taxonomy and not previously illustrated. In the last fused receptacula (Schmidt 1993, gure 2). Bücherl three decades, five species were transferred to et al. (1971) examined the holotype of D. exilis, trans- Hapalotremus (Raven 1985; Pérez-Miles & Locht ferred the genus from Barychelidae to Theraphosidae 2003), of which four were described by Mello-Leitão (Ischnocolinae). He also represented the spermathecae Downloaded by [Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas USP] at 12:53 07 December 2015 (1923, 1929) and one by Chamberlin (1916). More with two separated receptacula, which are longer than recently, Cavallo & Ferretti (2015) described one wide and covered by a membrane (Bücherl et al. 1971, fi new species from Argentina. gure 52). Schmidt (2002) declared that Dolichothele Mello-Leitão (1923) established three Brazilian is not a synonym of Hapalotremus, and considered the genera: Dolichothele, type species Dolichothele exilis genus an Ischnocolinae incertae sedis, since the Mello-Leitão, 1923, based on a female from Paraiba; description of the genus was based on a female, but Goniodontium, type species Goniodontium muticum the transfer was not accepted by Platnick (2002). Mello-Leitão, 1923, based on a female from Bahia; Recently, Cavallo & Ferretti (2015) considered and Cyclothorax, type species Cyclothorax Hapalotremus exilis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) and cyclothorax Mello-Leitão, 1923, based on a male Hapalotremus muticus (Mello-Leitão, 1923) nomina from Rio de Janeiro. Later, Strand (1929) renamed dubia since the type material was not located and *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] © 2015 Taylor & Francis 2 S. M. Lucas & R. P. Indicatti proposed the synonymies: Hapalotremus cyclothorax Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924: 154 (type species by origi- (Mello-Leitão, 1923)withHomoeomma montanum nal designation, Oligoxystre auratum Vellard, (Mello-Leitão, 1923) and Hapalotremus scintillans 1924); Guadanucci 2007: 2; Guadanucci 2011: (Mello-Leitão, 1929)withPachistopelma rufonigrum 321; World Spider Catalog 2015. Syn. nov. Pocock, 1901. Pseudoligoxystre Vol, 2001: 4 (type species by original Studying the descriptions and type material of designation, Pseudoligoxystre bolivianum Vol, Mello-Leitão (1923, 1929)forDolichothele and 2001); Guadanucci 2007: 2 (syn. with Oligoxystre Goniodontium, and the description of Vellard Vellard, 1924). (1924)forOligoxystre Vellard, 1924, we noticed a similarity among these three genera. With the aim to elucidate their true identity we compared the Note diagnoses of the genera and species mentioned Dolichothele and Goniodontium were described in the above with specimens from the spider collection at same publication but the first is chosen as a senior Instituto Butantan. synonym due to page priority and because the holo- type of D. exilis is in better condition (Figures 1–3) and presents a spermatheca (Figures 4, 5), lost in Material and methods Goniodontium muticum. Specimens from the following institutions were exam- ined (abbreviation and curators in parenthesis): Diagnosis Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP, A.D. Brescovit); Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio Dolichothele differs from the Neotropical genera de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ, A.B. Kury); Museu de Acanthopelma F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1897, Guyruita Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Guadanucci et al., 2007, Hemiercus Simon, 1903, Brazil (MZSP, R. Pinto da Rocha). Holothele Karsch, 1879, Schismatothele Karsch, All measurements are in millimeters (mm) and 1879 and Sickius Soares & Camargo, 1948 and resem- were taken with a stereomicroscope with a millimetric bles Catumiri Guadanucci, 2004 by the labium being ocular lens. Total body length includes the chelicerae much wider than long (Figures 3, 6), and by bearing but not the pedicel and spinnerets. Spermatheca was fewer than 10 cuspules (Guadanucci et al. 2007; dissected and immersed in enzyme (Ultrazyme®) for Guadanucci 2011). It differs from Catumiri by the 72 h for soft tissue digestion to allow observation of undivided scopula on all tarsi, IV with a sparse band internal structures. Pictures were taken with a Leica of setae (that does not divide the scopula, see fi DFC500 digital camera (Wetzlar, Germany) mounted Guadanucci 2011, gure 1), metatarsus I with scopula on a Leica MZ16A stereomicroscope (Singapore), the ventrally for all its length (Figures 7, 8), female extended focal range images were composed with receptacula with numerous termini (Figure 5), the Leica Application Suite version 2.5.0. well-developed retrolateral branch of the tibial spur, and by the tarsal claws of males lacking teeth (Guadanucci 2011). Results Taxonomy Note Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869 In young female specimens of Dolichothele, the tarsal Downloaded by [Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas USP] at 12:53 07 December 2015 Ischnocolinae Pocock, 1897 scopulae III present a longitudinal band of setae that Genus Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 does not divide the scopula as on tarsi IV. Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923: 119 (type species by original designation, Dolichothele exilis Mello- Description Leitão, 1923); Bücherl et al. 1971: 127, figure 52; See Guadanucci (2007: 2), description as for Raven 1985: 152 (syn. with Hapalotremus Simon, Oligoxystre. 1903); Schmidt 2002: 16, figure 1 (revalidated, but not accepted by Platnick, 2002); Schmidt 2003: 196, figure 559. Revalidation and synonymies Goniodontium Mello-Leitão, 1923: 126 (type species Three different genera, Dolichothele and by original designation, Goniodontium muticum Goniodontium described by Mello-Leitão (1923), Mello-Leitão, 1923); Raven 1985: 153 (syn. with and Oligoxystre described by Vellard (1924) present Hapalotremus Simon, 1903). Syn. nov. very similar diagnoses. The first
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    REVIEW ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 22(2): 2551-2597 CHECKLIST OF SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF SOUTH ASIA INCLUDING THE 2006 UPDATE OF INDIAN SPIDER CHECKLIST Manju Siliwal 1 and Sanjay Molur 2,3 1,2 Wildlife Information & Liaison Development (WILD) Society, 3 Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO) 29-1, Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India Email: 1 [email protected]; 3 [email protected] ABSTRACT Thesaurus, (Vol. 1) in 1734 (Smith, 2001). Most of the spiders After one year since publication of the Indian Checklist, this is described during the British period from South Asia were by an attempt to provide a comprehensive checklist of spiders of foreigners based on the specimens deposited in different South Asia with eight countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The European Museums. Indian checklist is also updated for 2006. The South Asian While the Indian checklist (Siliwal et al., 2005) is more spider list is also compiled following The World Spider Catalog accurate, the South Asian spider checklist is not critically by Platnick and other peer-reviewed publications since the last scrutinized due to lack of complete literature, but it gives an update. In total, 2299 species of spiders in 67 families have overview of species found in various South Asian countries, been reported from South Asia. There are 39 species included in this regions checklist that are not listed in the World Catalog gives the endemism of species and forms a basis for careful of Spiders. Taxonomic verification is recommended for 51 species. and participatory work by arachnologists in the region.
  • Biodiversity of the Huautla Cave System, Oaxaca, Mexico

    Biodiversity of the Huautla Cave System, Oaxaca, Mexico

    diversity Communication Biodiversity of the Huautla Cave System, Oaxaca, Mexico Oscar F. Francke, Rodrigo Monjaraz-Ruedas † and Jesús A. Cruz-López *,‡ Colección Nacional De Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City C. P. 04510, Mexico; [email protected] (O.F.F.); [email protected] (R.M.-R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † Current address: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA. ‡ Current address: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas y Pecuarias del Valle de Oaxaca, Santo Domingo Barrio Bajo, Etla C. P. 68200, Mexico. Abstract: Sistema Huautla is the deepest cave system in the Americas at 1560 m and the fifth longest in Mexico at 89,000 m, and it is a mostly vertical network of interconnected passages. The surface landscape is rugged, ranging from 3500 to 2500 masl, intersected by streams and deep gorges. There are numerous dolinas, from hundreds to tens of meters in width and depth. The weather is basically temperate subhumid with summer rains. The average yearly rainfall is approximately 2500 mm, with a monthly average of 35 mm for the driest times of the year and up to 500 mm for the wettest month. All these conditions play an important role for achieving the highest terrestrial troglobite diversity in Mexico, containing a total of 35 species, of which 27 are possible troglobites (16 described), including numerous arachnids, millipedes, springtails, silverfish, and a single described species of beetles. With those numbers, Sistema Huautla is one of the richest cave systems in the world. Keywords: troglobitics; arachnids; insects; millipedes Citation: Francke, O.F.; Monjaraz-Ruedas, R.; Cruz-López, J.A.