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GEO Brazil Water Resources Is the First Report of the GEO Brazil Series GEO-Brazil Brazil Brazil GEO Brazil Water Resources is the first report of the GEO Brazil Series. By exploring prospects opened up by use of the GEO ORDE M E P RO GR Component of a Series of Reports on the ES S O methodology, it aims to contribute toward a comprehensive Water Resources Status and Prospects for the Environment in Brazil and integrated evaluation of concepts and premises, and of the Executive Summary organizational and legal framework and management instruments that comprise the National Water Resources System (SINGREH). Resources Water Publication of this report takes on special significance, as it marks the tenth anniversary of the enactment of Brazil’s Water Law (Law 9.433, of January 8, 1997). Component of a Series Reports on the Status and Prospects for Environment in Brazil Ministry of Environment NATIONAL WATER AGENCY NATIONAL WATER AGENCY GEO Brazil Water Resources Component of a Series of Reports on the Status and Prospects for the Environment in Brazil Executive Summary Federative Republic of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva President José Alencar Gomes da Silva Vice-President Ministry of Environment Marina Silva Minister Cláudio Langone Executive Secretary João Bosco Senra Secretary for Water Resources Volney Zanardi Júnior Director of the Department for Institutional Articulation National Water Agency – ANA Board of Directors José Machado – Director President Benedito Braga Oscar de Morais Cordeiro Netto Bruno Pagnoccheschi Dalvino Troccoli Franca United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP Achim Steiner Executive Director Ricardo Sanchez-Sosa Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean Cristina Montenegro Coordinator of the UNEP Office in Brazil NATIONAL WATER AGENCY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME GEO Brazil Water Resources Component of a Series of Reports on the Status and Prospects for the Environment in Brazil Executive Summary National Water Agency – ANA Brasilia – DF January / 2007 c National Water Agency – ANA c MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT– MMA Setor Policial – Área 5 - Quadra 3 – Bloco L Esplanada dos Ministérios – Bloco B CEP 70610 - 200 – Brasília-DF CEP 70068 - 901 – Brasília-DF PABX: (61) 2109 5400 PABX: (61) 4009 1000 http://www.ana.gov.br http://www.mma.gov.br c United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP Setor Comercial Norte – SCN Quadra 2 – Bloco A - Ed. Corporate Financial Center 110 andar - Módulo 1.101 CEP 70712 - 901 – Brasília-DF PABX: (61) 3038 9233 http://www.UNEP.org/brasil Graphic Design: TDA - Desenho & Arte Ltda. www.tdabrasil.com.br English Translation RAPPORT traduções e interpretação Ltda. George Aune All rights reserved. Reproduction of data and information contained in this publication is permitted, provided the source is cited. Disclaimer. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of UNEP or of the Brazilian Government. Source catalogue - CEDOC – library G342g GEO Brazil : water resources : component of a series of reports on the status and prospects for the environment in Brazil : executive summary. / National Water Agency ; United Nations Environment Programme. Brasilia : ANA; PNUMA, 2007. 60 p. : il. (GEO Brazil Tematic Series : GEO Brazil Water Resources) ISBN: 978-85-89629-22-5 1. Water Resources. 2. Water Resources Management. I. National Water Resources (Brazil). II. United Nations Environment Programme. CDU 556.18 (81) (047.32) = 111 This document was submitted to the ANA editorial council. GEO Brazil Water Resources Component of a Series of Reports on the Status and Prospects for the Environment in Brazil General Coordination: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT Volney Zanardi Júnior Director of the Department for Institutional Articulation Executive Secretariat National Water Agency Bruno Pagnoccheschi Director of the Information Area United Nations Environment Programme Cristina Montenegro Coordinator of the UNEP Office in Brazil Technical Supervision Group Evandro Mateus Moretto – DAI/SECEX/MMA Marco José Melo Neves – SRH/MMA Maria Bernadete Ribas Lange – UNEP/ROLAC/Office in Brazil. Marly Santos Silva – DAI/SECEX/MMA Kakuko Nagatani Yoshida – UNEP/ Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA-LAC) Research and Production Group Antonio Eduardo Leão Lanna Francisco José Lobato da Costa – Editor Gilberto Valente Canali Maria de Fátima Chagas Dias Coelho Ulisses Lacava Executive Coordinator: Regina Gualda – ANA Collaborators (in alphabetical order) Ana Lucia Dolabella José Edil Benedito Antonio Félix Dominguez Luis André Muniz André Trigueiro Luiz Augusto Bronzatto Antonio Luitgards Moura Luiz Correa Noronha Augusto Franco Malo da Silva Bragança Lupércio Ziroldo Antonio Carlos Motta Nunes Marcelo Pires da Costa Cláudia Enk Magaly Gonzáles de Oliveira Claúdia Ferreira Lima Maria Cristina de Sá Oliveira Matos de Brito Danielle Bastos Serra de Alencar Ramos Maria Leonor Baptista Esteves Déa Solange Fernandes Maria Manuela Martins Alves Moreira Eduardo Felipe Cavalcante de Correa Oliveira Mário Edson Vieira de França Eldis Camargo Marley Caetano de Mendonça Emiliano Ribeiro de Souza Marco Alexandro Silva André Fábio Feldmann Marcos Airton de Souza Freitas Fabrício Bueno da Fonseca Cardoso Maria do Socorro Lima Castello Branco Francisco Lopes Viana Maurício Andrés Gisela Damm Forattini Moisés Pinto Gomes Herman Antunes Laurindo dos Santos Ney Maranhão Hilda Verônica Kessler Ninon Machado de Faria Leme Franco Hidely Grassi Rizzo Paulo Augusto Cunha Libânio Horácio da Silva Figueiredo Junior Paulo R. Haddad Humberto Cardoso Gonçalves Raimundo Alves de Lima Filho Hypérides Macedo Rodrigo Flecha Ferreira Alves Jerson Kelman Rosana Garjulli João Bosco Senra Rubem La Laina Porto João Climaco Soares de Mendonça Filho Sergio Augusto Barbosa João Gilberto Lotufo Conejo Valdemar Santos Guimarães Joaquim Guedes Correa Gondim Filho Vaneide Ramos de Lima John Briscoe Vera Maria da Costa Nascimento Vicente Paulo Pereira BarbosaVieira Wilde Cardoso Gontijo Junior Photo: Arquivo ANA Foreword Agenda 21, approved fifteen years ago at the not been resolved, we have learned something of the United Nations Conference on Environment and complexity, time horizons, and dynamic processes Development, foresaw the need to implement integrated involved. We have gained awareness of the need to water resources management. It raised concern at the develop new and dynamic thinking patterns so as to widespread scarcity of freshwater resources in many of address recurrent issues in pursuit of the best possible the world’s regions and warned of the limitations that tradeoff between present adverse conditions and utopian water scarcity imposes upon development in various solutions. We have now reached a point from which we countries. Indeed, Agenda 21 stated that: “the holistic can more clearly view the paths leading toward our goal management of freshwater as a finite and vulnerable of achievable and equitable human development. resource and the integration of sectoral water plans and programs within the framework of national economic Questions surrounding the equitable and and social policy are of paramount importance for sustainable use of freshwater resources clearly action in the 1990s and beyond”. illustrate the impasses, caveats, and potential of such paths. Whereas 70.8% of the surface of our planet is The United Nations Development Programme’s covered by water, it is surely a paradox that, of the Human Development Report of 2006, by drawing a 2.2% of the Earth’s water that is potable, a mere 0.3% parallel between the eight Millennium Goals approved is readily available to humankind. in 2000 and increasing demands for water and sanitation, clearly illustrated the intimate relationship Brazilians, especially, are faced with a colossal between the goals and adequate treatment of water challenge. Covering practically half of the South resources. With respect to the goal of eradicating American continent, Brazil holds 60% of the extreme poverty and hunger, the report stated that, Amazon Basin, through which flows one fifth of the in the developing world, one in five persons has no world’s freshwater supplies. Holding so significant access to adequate drinking water; that poor families an asset, in an era of global water shortages, implies pay ten times as much for water as rich families; and that Brazilians must assume a responsible strategic that the inexorable reallocation of water from farming management approach to this precious heritage, and to industry threatens to exacerbate rural poverty. provide leadership in global water resources issues. Estimates show that, by 2025, the number of Within Brazil, we are faced with the paradox of people living in countries where water resources are having, adjacent to the abundantly-watered Amazon under greatest pressure will have increased from the basin, a region chronically afflicted by water shortages. current level of 700 million, to over 3 billion. Today, Approaches for dealing with these extreme situations more than 1.4 billion people live in river basins where must entail integration of public policy instruments, demand for water exceeds minimum replacement articulation among all governmental policies affecting values, thus contributing toward the drying up of rivers water resources, and enhancements in mechanisms and depletion of groundwater reserves. By 2080, water for fostering social participation in decision making, insecurity and climate change are likely to increase the in deployment of actions, in supervision, and in number of undernourished people worldwide,
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