DOCSLIB.ORG

Brazil in the 1990S an Economy in Transition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brazil in the 1990S an Economy in Transition Brazil in the 1990s An Economy in Transition Renato Baumann Director UN/ECLAC Office in Brazil in association with ST ANTONY'S COLLEGE, OXFORD © Renato Baumann 2002 All rights reserved. N o reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, L o n d o n W 1 P OLP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin's Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 0-333-92196-8 hardback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brazil in the 1990s: an economy in transition/Renato Baumann (editor). p. cm .— (St. A n to n y ’ s series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-333-92196-8 (cloth) 1. Brazil—Economic conditions— 1985- I. Neves, Renato Baumann. II. Series. HC187.B867 2001 330.981'064— dc21 2001040655 10 987654321 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire Contents Notes on Contributors Introduction 1. Brazil in the 1990s: An Economy in Transition Renato Baumann 2. Macro- and Microeconomic Aspects of the Reforms Rubens Penha Cysne 3. Social Policies in the Nineties Sônia Draibe 4. Capital Formation in the Context of Brazil's Economic Reforms in the Nineties - A Sectorial Approach Ricardo Bielschowsky, Marcos Thadeu Abicalil, José Clemente de Oliveira, Sebastião Soares, Márcio Wohlers 5. Institutional Change and Technology: Impacts of Deregulation on the National Innovation System Paulo Bastos Tigre, José Eduardo Cassiolato, Marina de Souza Szapiro, João Carlos Ferraz 6. Structural Change in Brazilian Agriculture, 1980-98 Guilherme L. S. Dias, Cicely M. Amaral 7. Employment and Productivity in Brazil in the Nineties José Márcio Camargo, Marcelo Neri, Maurício Cortez Reis 8. Distributive Effects of Brazilian Structural Reforms Marcelo Neri, José Márcio Camargo Index Notes on Contributors Renato Baumann D.Phil, in Economics (Oxford University), Director UN/ECLAC Brasilia Office. Professor, Economics Department, Universidade de Brasilia Cicely Moutinho Amaral Ph.D. in Economics, North Carolina State University, Professor, Faculty of Economics and Management, Universidade de São Paulo Guilherme Leite Silva Dias Full Professor, Faculty of Economics and Management, Universidade de São Paulo João Carlos Ferraz D.Phil, in Economics (Sussex University), Professor, Institute of Economics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro José Clemente de Oliveira Ph.D. in Economics (Institute of Economics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro). Former Director, National Development Bank José Eduardo Cassiolato Ph.D. in Economics (University of Sussex). Head of the Research Group on the Economics of Innovation, Institute of Economics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro José Márcio Camargo Ph.D. in Economics (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Full Professor, Department of Economics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Marcelo Neri Ph.D. in Economics (Princeton University). Chief, Centre for Social Policies, Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Professor, Escola de Pós- Graduação em Economia, Fundação Getúlio Vargas Márcio Wohlers Ph.D. in Economics (Universidade Estadual de Campinas). Professor of Telecommunications, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, member of the Board of Trustees of the CPqD Foundation Marcos Thadeu Abicalil Architect, M.A. in urban and regional planning (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), technical assistant to the Brazilian Government in water supply N o t e s on Contributors v i i Marina de Souza Szapiro Ph.D. student and research assistant (Research Group on the Economics of Innovation, Institute of Economics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), member of the Directing Board of the Brazilian Association for the Advancement of Science Maurício Cortez Reis Ph.D. student (Department of Economics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro). Holds an M.A. in Economics by the same university Paulo Bastos Tigre D.Phil. in Economics (Sussex University). Full Professor, Institute of Economics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Ricardo Bielschowsky D.Phil. in Economics (Leicester University), Professor, Institute of Economics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (on leave). Senior Economist at UN/ECLAC Brasilia Office Rubens Penha Cysne Ph.D. in Economics (Fundação Getúlio Vargas). Professor, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, presently a visiting scholar at the Department of Economics, University of Chicago Sebastião José Martins Soares Mining Engineer, with graduate studies at Coppe/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Former Superintendent, National Development Bank Sônia Draibe Ph.D. in Political Science (Universidade de São Paulo). Full Professor, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Secretary-General, Brazilian Political Science Association Introduction The analysis of economic and social transformations requires the identification of the time frame in which they occurred to enable one to associate them with other phenomena. This association often corresponds to the periods defined by the calendar for two reasons: firstly because it facilitates analysis and secondly because data are usually available in that form. In this respect, it has become a virtual consensus, for example, to con­ sider the Eighties a lost decade for Latin America's economies. They experi­ enced a loss of wealth (transference of real funds to countries outside the region), and many social indicators registered a sharp deterioration in the quality of life within the region throughout the decade. For many countries in the region, the hallmark of the Nineties has been an endeavour to recover their former standard of living. Changes in the international arena, combined with a volte-face in the traditional manner of planning and carrying out economic policy, have ushered in an unprece­ dented set of circumstances: low inflation rates, greater penetration of imports, and less state intervention, among other salient features. The Brazilian economy has experienced particularly intense change in the Nineties, and the choice of this decade as the frame of reference for analysis is more than mere chronological coincidence. The Nineties have been the harbinger of a break with the traditional guidelines of Brazil's economic policy, besides marking the advent of a change in the behaviour of a variety of economic agents. The implications of these novelties for the economy's medium- and long-term prospects are as yet unclear. As this remarkable period draws to a close, it should be stated that, despite some positive results, the general context remains clearly unsatis­ factory, especially with regard to Brazil's social indicators and its capacity to compete in an international market operating with new ground rules. In view of this, a systematic analysis of the efforts being made and of the results obtained to date is all the more opportune. With this in mind, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) has coordinated a large-scale research project on Growth, Employment and Equity in Latin America in the Nineties, the aim being to systematize knowledge about the region in the present decade. The project is designed to achieve systematic information about eco­ nomic reforms implemented in the region during the period, producing systematic and new data in addition to identifying common features of national experiences and suggesting possible policy measures. i x X Introduction The study has covered the experience of nine countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela) with regard to five issues: macroeconomic and social reforms; investment and growth; the structure of technical progress and national innovation systems; job generation and income distribution. This book presents a systematic summary of the main results where Brazil is concerned. In the first chapter, Baumann presents an overview of the features high­ lighted by the authors of the other chapters in the book, relating them to the literature on economic reforms in developing countries. He shows that the Brazilian experience in the Nineties has been fairly diversified, and has paid little heed to the traditional recommendations contained in the litera­ ture, choosing rather to alter the sequence of the reforms. Cysne's chapter1 reviewing the macroeconomic reforms provides a detailed account of the different measures adopted over the period and the main results obtained. He demonstrates that, following the stabilization achieved in 1994, the Brazilian economy replaced
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Prevalence of Systemic
    DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018235.20362016 1425 Influência das condições socioambientais ARTICLE ARTIGO na prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica em duas comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia, Brasil Influence of environmental conditions on the prevalence of systemic hypertension in two riverine communities in the Amazon, Brazil Duarcides Ferreira Mariosa 1 Renato Ribeiro Nogueira Ferraz 2 Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos-Silva 3 Abstract This article discusses the influence of Resumo Este artigo discute a influência das con- environmental conditions on the prevalence of dições socioambientais na prevalência da Hiper- systemic hypertension in two riverine commu- tensão Arterial Sistêmica em duas comunidades nities in the Sustainable Development Reserve ribeirinhas da (RDS) Reserva de Desenvolvimen- of Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, through an to Sustentável do Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas, me- ecological study of multiple groups and contextu- diante estudo ecológico de grupos múltiplos e de al analysis carried out with the local inhabitants. análise contextual realizados com os moradores. To identify the environmental etiology describing Para delinear a etiologia ambiental que descre- the risk of disease development, the study com- ve o risco de acometimento da doença, o estudo pares demographics, incidence rates and common compara dados demográficos, taxas de incidência daily practices in these communities, using data e as práticas diárias comuns nas coletividades, collected in the field, between 2012 and 2014, as levantados em pesquisa de campo,
    [Show full text]
  • Vulnerability of the Biota in Riverine and Seasonally Flooded Habitats to Damming of Amazonian Rivers
    Received: 11 December 2019 Revised: 8 April 2020 Accepted: 5 June 2020 DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3424 SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE Vulnerability of the biota in riverine and seasonally flooded habitats to damming of Amazonian rivers Edgardo M. Latrubesse1 | Fernando M. d'Horta2 | Camila C. Ribas2 | Florian Wittmann3 | Jansen Zuanon2 | Edward Park4 | Thomas Dunne5 | Eugenio Y. Arima6 | Paul A. Baker7 1Asian School of the Environment and Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS), Nanyang Abstract Technological University (NTU), Singapore 1. The extent and intensity of impacts of multiple new dams in the Amazon basin on 2 National Institute of Amazonian Research specific biological groups are potentially large, but still uncertain and need to be (INPA), Manaus, Brazil 3Institute of Floodplain Ecology, Karlsruhe better understood. Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany 2. It is known that river disruption and regulation by dams may affect sediment sup- 4 National Institute of Education (NIE), plies, river channel migration, floodplain dynamics, and, as a major adverse conse- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore quence, are likely to decrease or even suppress ecological connectivity among 5Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California (UCSB), populations of aquatic organisms and organisms dependent upon seasonally Santa Barbara, California, USA flooded environments. 6Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, 3. This article complements our previous results by assessing the relationships Austin, Texas, USA between dams, our Dam Environmental Vulnerability Index (DEVI), and the biotic 7 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke environments threatened by the effects of dams. Because of the cartographic rep- University, Durham, North Carolina, USA resentation of DEVI, it is a useful tool to compare the potential hydrophysical Correspondence impacts of proposed dams in the Amazon basin with the spatial distribution of Edgardo Latrubesse, Asian School of the Environment and Earth Observatory of biological diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Bolsonaro's Brazil
    Economic Research BOLSONARO’S BRAZIL WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR CORPORATES? October 2018 by Photo Elizeu DiasElizeu on Unsplash Unsplash CONTENTS 04 Heads I win, tails you lose? Bolsonaro, the least worst for corporates 04 No medium-term game changer – but probable disenchant- ment 06 What it means for corporates: Not home and dry yet Bolsonaro’s Brazil: What does it mean for corporates? by Euler Hermes Economic Research President-elect Jair Bolsonaro and his outwardly pro-business policy EXECUTIVE platform are the “least worst” choice for corporates. In the short-term, we expect quick wins with reforms that only need a simple majority in SUMMARY Congress. These reforms will appeal to a broad pro-business and conservative audience. Bolsonaro’s business environment reform could also lead to the creation of 90 000 additional companies in 2019 compared to 2018. The positive confidence shock could add roughly +0.3pp to economic growth over the next year. Yet, the relief for corporates could be short-lived. The comeback of market volatility and increase in risk premium, and hence borrowing costs, is right around the corner, for three reasons: Georges Dib, Economist for Latin America, Spain and Portugal +33 (0) 1 84 11 33 83 i) Unrealistic or vague proposals: Bolsonaro’s economic program [email protected] contains no impact assessments. This could unnerve markets should he not detail his plan before taking office. Besides, his key budget proposal (to reach primary fiscal balance in 2019) is unrealistic. It involves a huge fiscal adjustment of 2.4% of GDP. Such austerity could cut as much as -1.2pp to real GDP growth in a year, while Brazil’s yearly growth rate is currently barely above +1.3%.
    [Show full text]
  • OECD Economic Surveys BRAZIL the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Caused Severe Human Suffering and Triggered a Deep Recession in Brazil
    OECD Economic Surveys Surveys Economic OECD BRAZIL The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe human suffering and triggered a deep recession in Brazil. Economic policies reacted in a timely and decisive manner to the crisis, supporting millions of Brazilians. But a strong and inclusive recovery from the recession will require long-lasting improvements in economic OECD Economic Surveys policies. Improving fi scal outcomes remains one of Brazil’s principal challenges given a high debt burden, to which the pandemic has added signifi cantly. Public spending will need to become more effi cient, including by building on past progress in the fi ght against corruption and economic crimes. Social protection can be strengthened through a better focus on the most effective policies and benefi ts, which could allow signifi cant BRAZIL reductions in inequality and poverty. Stronger growth will hinge on raising productivity, which has been virtually stagnant for decades. This requires addressing underlying policy challenges, including reducing regulatory burdens, reforming taxes, strengthening judicial effi ciency and fostering a stronger integration into the global economy. Raising productivity implies reallocations and structural changes in the economy, which should be accompanied by well-designed training and education policies. Training with a strong focus on local skill demand can help workers master the transition and seize new opportunities to move into better jobs. Vol ume 2020/14 ume DECEMBER 2020 SPECIAL FEATURES: BOOSTING PRODUCTIVITY; SKILLS POLICIES TO FACILITATE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT BRAZIL PRINT ISBN 978-92-64-76814-7 PDF ISBN 978-92-64-62200-5 2020December C Volume 2020/14 ISSN 0376-6438 N H 2020 SUBSCRIPTION U 9HSTCQE*hgibeh+ A December 2020 (18 ISSUES) L N O V I E R S OECD Economic Surveys: Brazil 2020 N C H U A L N O V I E R S This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Form 20-F Tim Participações S.A
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F ☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ________________ to ________________ OR ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company report Commission file number: 001-14491 TIM PARTICIPAÇÕES S.A. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) TIM HOLDING COMPANY THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL (Translation of Registrant’s name into English) (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) João Cabral de Melo Neto Avenue, 850 – North Tower – 12th floor 22775-057 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil (Address of principal executive offices) Adrian Calaza Chief Financial Officer TIM Participações S.A. João Cabral de Melo Neto Avenue, 850 – South Tower - 12 th floor 22775-057 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Tel: 55 21 4009-4000 / Fax: 55 21 4009-3990 [email protected] (Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Shares, without par value* New York Stock Exchange American Depositary
    [Show full text]
  • De Collor a Lula
    HISTÓRIA I AULA 29: NOVA REPÚBLICA I ANUAL (DE COLLOR A LULA / 1990 A 2010) VOLUME 6 EXERCÍCIOS PROPOSTOS 01. Após as sucessivas tentativas frustradas, Lula egresso do movimento operário que ganhou notoriedade nos momentos fi nais do regime militar, chega ao poder apresentando um discurso mais moderado em que assegurava o respeito aos compromissos assumidos pelos governos anteriores e de manutenção da estabilidade econômica. Diferentemente de pleitos anteriores em que a candidatura de Lula despertava temor em determinados grupos, evidenciou-se até certo otimismo em relação a elementos que outrora repudiavam, mas que agora apostavam nessa “nova” versão do candidato do PT que tinha como seu vice o empresário José Alencar do PL num sinal de novos tempos. No entanto, Lula calcou sua campanha também na abordagem de temas sociais que fi zeram parte de sua trajetória política como o combate à fome e à miséria, tendo o programa Fome Zero sido o projeto mais difundido de sua plataforma política, muito embora sua efi cácia após o início do governo, possa ser seriamente questionada. Nem tudo foi um mar de rosas para Lula, houve por parte dos setores mais radicais uma série de críticas pelo fato do presidente não romper com o modelo econômico de seu antecessor (FHC) a quem ele tanto criticava. No âmbito da política externa o Brasil de Lula mostrou-se supreendentemente infl uente tendo conseguido a liderança das forças de coalizão da ONU no Haiti e ainda se destacando na mediação de confl itos diplomáticos. Resposta: B 02. A eleição de 1989 representou um importante marco no processo político de redemocratização iniciado em 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • Estudo De Caso Da Aquisição Da Perez Companc Na Argentina
    FERNANDA CECÍLIA FERREIRA RIBEIRO Estratégia Internacional da Petrobras: Estudo de Caso da Aquisição da Perez Companc na Argentina MESTRADO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO SÃO PAULO 2006 FERNANDA CECÍLIA FERREIRA RIBEIRO Estratégia Internacional da Petrobras: Estudo de Caso da Aquisição da Perez Companc na Argentina Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo como exigência parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Administração, sob a orientação do professor Dr. Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Junior. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO SÃO PAULO 2006 2 BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 3 Agradecimentos Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer a Petrobras pela colaboração no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Em especial, agradeço as gerências executivas da Área de Negócios Internacionais que nos permitiu realizar o estudo de campo. Agradeço ao meu orientador Professor Dr. Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Jr. pela atenção e tempo dedicados a este trabalho. A Professora Dra. Maria Cristina Sanches Amorim e ao Professor Dr. Luciano Prates Junqueira pelas críticas e sugestões feitas no momento da qualificação. A CAPES que patrocinou esta pesquisa. Os amigos que conheci no período de mestrado Felipe Borini, Eduardo Proença, Eduardo Pozzi e Fernanda de Nadai que se revelaram pessoas incríveis. Laís Macedo, Cristina Galvão e Claudia Antico que me liberaram várias vezes do trabalho para eu realizar as atividades do mestrado, principalmente na reta final. Os meus melhores amigos de sempre, sem os quais minha vida teria muito pouco sentido, Fabi e Rodrigo, Camila, Chris, Sandrinha e Alex, Lorena e Renato, Letícia e Gustavo, Lílian Cardia e Rodrigo, Natália, Carla, Tati, Andrea, Bebel, Marcela, André e Lílian.
    [Show full text]
  • Inflation and Instability: Brazil's Lost Decade And
    APPLIED ECONOMICS INFLATION AND INSTABILITY : B RAZIL ’S LOST DECADE AND CARDOSO ’S RESPONSE ISABELLA DI PAOLO Senior Sophister in the 1990's brazil suffered a turbulent period of hyperinflation. in this paper, is - abella di Paolo provides an intriguing explanation of the policies which led to brazil's crisis, and an evaluation of how the reforms of President Cardoso helped set brazil on its current growth path. 1. Introduction the famous joke goes: “brazil is, and always will be, the land of the future”. long strug - gling to achieve long-term, sustainable growth - despite its abundant resources and im - mense potential - brazil has recently seen considerable improvements in both its economic performance and poverty-reduction strategies. the recent consumer boom, experienced as millions filled middle-class ranks, makes it difficult to imagine that just two decades ago inflation was taking over everyday life.1 it was the centre of all policy concerns, caused hour-long queues in front of supermarkets and crushed innumerable hopes and dreams. today, a decade-long struggle for macroeconomic stability has rendered the daily reality of twenty years ago completely unimaginable to those who have only known recent pros - perity (leitão, 2011). after an initial taming of the ‘inflation monster’ via the Plano real, brazilian policy-makers have demonstrated continuity in their will to reform, as exemplified by the continued adoption of the inflation targeting mechanism and law of fiscal respon - sibility introduced at the end of the cardoso administration. as brazil begins to display difficulties in continuing down the path of rapid growth, (financial times, 2013) it is more important than ever to remember the recent past, and to consider the long way the coun - try has come.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil Country Report BTI 2016
    BTI 2016 | Brazil Country Report Status Index 1-10 7.60 # 19 of 129 Political Transformation 1-10 8.05 # 19 of 129 Economic Transformation 1-10 7.14 # 26 of 129 Management Index 1-10 6.76 # 14 of 129 scale score rank trend This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2016. It covers the period from 1 February 2013 to 31 January 2015. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 — Brazil Country Report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2016. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. BTI 2016 | Brazil 2 Key Indicators Population M 206.1 HDI 0.744 GDP p.c., PPP $ 15838.0 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 0.9 HDI rank of 187 79 Gini Index 52.9 Life expectancy years 73.9 UN Education Index 0.661 Poverty3 % 9.1 Urban population % 85.4 Gender inequality2 0.441 Aid per capita $ 5.6 Sources (as of October 2015): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2015 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2014. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.10 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary The period under review has been a difficult one for Brazil. Within the Status Index, the performance of democracy indicators has changed little since the last report, though there has been more change in the performance of market economy indicators.
    [Show full text]
  • Sabrina Martins De Souza
    Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC Centro Sócio Econômico Departamento de Ciências Econômicas Curso de Graduação em Ciências Econômicas Trajetória desenvolvimentista da Petrobras a partir dos anos 90: Um estudo da empresa estatal como instrumento de política de desenvolvimento SABRINA MARTINS DE SOUZA Florianópolis 2010 SABRINA MARTINS DE SOUZA Trajetória desenvolvimentista da Petrobras a partir dos anos 90: Um estudo da empresa estatal como instrumento de política de desenvolvimento Monografia submetida ao curso de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, como requisito obrigatório para a obtenção do grau de Bacharelado. Orientador: Sílvio Antonio Ferraz Cario Florianópolis, 2010 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS A Banca Examinadora resolveu atribuir à nota 8,50 a aluna Sabrina Martins de Souza na disciplina CNM 5420 – Monografia, pela apresentação deste trabalho. Banca Examinadora: _________________________________________ Prof. Silvio Antônio Ferraz Cário _________________________________________ Taisa Dias _________________________________________ Wagner Leal Arienti Florianópolis, 2010 Em primeiro lugar a Deus que me deu a vida. Aos meus anjos da guarda que estão sempre ao meu lado me guiando para um caminho de luz e do amor. A minha família que torceu por mim desde o resultado do vestibular, principalmente minha mãe que é tudo para mim. Aos meus amigos, pela ajuda, Renata, Robert, Flavia, André e em especial a Juliana, que me deu muita força e apoio incondicional. RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a empresa estatal como instrumento de desenvolvimento econômico, através da realização de estudo de caso sobre a trajetória da Petrobras, a partir da década de 1990. Para tanto, é investigada a história da companhia ao longo dos períodos, estes divididos e analisados por década.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation in Amazonia
    Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation in Amazonia A report of a capacity-building project to design a research agenda on the links between the natural capital of Amazonian forests and water, food, health, livelihood, climate and energy securities. – Global Canopy Programme – Grupo de Trabalho Amazônico – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – London School of Economics – Met Office Hadley Centre – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina – Universidad Nacional de Colombia – University of Edinburgh – University of Oxford – University of1 Vermont This Report presents the activities and results of an ESPA capacity-building project (grant NE/G008531/1) entitled: Valuing rainforests as global eco-utilities: a novel mechanism to pay communities for ecosystem services provided by the Amazon. The project was led by the University of Edinburgh and the Global Canopy Programme in the UK; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) in Brazil; Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) and Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) in Peru in collaboration with a number of academic and NGO partners. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the organisations involved in this project, or those of its funders. Acknowledgements The project leaders would like to warmly thank all those who gave up their valuable time to engage in this capacity-building project. In particular, the members of the project team who committed their energies at workshops and meetings and through the writing of reports and project proposals. We especially thank the stakeholders in local communities and government who provided their insights into the process.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil, Foreign Policy and Climate Change (1992-2005) Kiessling
    Contexto Internacional vol. 40(2) May/Aug 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2018400200004 Brazil, Foreign Policy and Climate Change (1992-2005) Kiessling Christopher Kurt Kiessling* Abstract: Since the emergence of the environmental agenda in the global arena, Brazil has main- tained an active position in the debates around this topic. Although Brazil has always been a protag- onist, its foreign policy has shown some changes in relation to addressing climate change in recent years. Likewise, the modalities under which this issue has been framed as a problem since 1992 are fundamentally important to interpreting the Brazilian position in international negotiations and the changes in them over the years. The objective of the following article is to understand the discursive framework on which the foreign policy of climate change in Brazil was structured from a con- structivist standpoint on International Relations. Using this approach, this article studies both the international influences and the internal conditions of Brazilian climate policy in the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The main sources of this research are semi-structured interviews with state and non-state actors in Brazil, complemented with a review of secondary sources such as official documents and academic papers. Keywords: Climate Change; Foreign Policy; Brazil; Constructivism; International Relations. Introduction To understand Brazilian foreign policy in general terms, it is possible to argue that, in the long term, its main objective has been the promotion of development. In a geographical and historical context, as a consequence of being the only Portuguese colony in South America, the construction of the Brazilian international identity placed the definition of the national space as the base on which the international projection of Brazil was consoli- dated (Merke 2008).
    [Show full text]