DOCSLIB.ORG

Floristic Features, Distribution, and Ethnobotany of Plants Gathered

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Floristic Features, Distribution, and Ethnobotany of Plants Gathered Floristic Features, Distribution, and Ethnobotany of Plants Gathered and Used by Local People from the Mediterranean Forest in Northern Jordan Oraib Saleh Nawash, Amani Al-Assaf, Ahmad El-Oqlah, and Mohammad Omari Research Abstract -ects in the Mediterranean forest involving local communi ﺧﻠﻔﯾﺔ : ﻓﮭم ﺗوزﯾﻊ واﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ ﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﺔ واﻷﺳﺑﺎب اﻟﺗﻲ -ties. The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the dis ﻧدﻓﻊ اﻟﺳﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﯾن ﻟﺟﻣﻌﮭﺎ ذو أھﻣﯾﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻟﺗﺧطﯾط وﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﻔﺎظ و (tribution pattern, (2) analyze the floristic features, and (3 إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺄھﯾل اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ ﻣﻊ إﺷراك اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﺔ investigate the main uses of plants gathered from three ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت . Mediterranean forest ecosystems in Northern Jordan. We اﻷھداف (1) دراﺳﺔ ﻧﻣط ﺗوزﯾﻊ (2) ﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻣﻣﯾزات اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ (3) اﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾق ﻓﻲ sampled 14 villages that were selected according to their اﻻﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎت اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم ﺟﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﻣن ﺛﻼث اﻟﻧظم اﻹﯾﻛوﻟوﺟﯾﺔ location on the edge and within the three Mediterranean ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺑﺣر اﻷﺑﯾض اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط ﻓﻲ ﺷﻣﺎل اﻷردن. -forest types in Northern Jordan. Three hundred infor طرق اﻟﺑﺣث : ﺗم اﺧﺗﯾﺎر 14 ﻗرﯾﺔ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻣوﻗﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ و داﺧل أﻧواع -mants were interviewed face to face using a semi-struc اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ اﻟﺛﻼث ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣن اﻷردن ، و 300 ﻣن اﻟﺳﻛﺎن tured questionnaire. The data obtained included a list of اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﯾن وأﺟرﯾت ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻼت وﺟﮭﺎ ﻟوﺟﮫ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام اﺳﺗﺑﯾﺎن ﺷﺑﮫ ﻣﻧظم . وﺷﻣﻠت -plants collected and their uses. A Detrended Correspon اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ وﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم ﺟﻣﻌﮭﺎ وﻣﺎذا ﻋن Detrended Correspondence dence Analysis (DCA) was carried out to investigate theاﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة ﻣﻧﮭﺎ. وأﺟري ﺗﺣﻠﯾل distribution of plant species collected from the three forest ﻣن أﺟل اﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾق ﻓﻲ ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻷﻧواع اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم ﺟﻣﻌﮭﺎ (Analysis (DCA types. Also, important indices were calculated including ﻣن ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧواع اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت وﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﻣؤﺷرات ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠم اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﺔ ,(%Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Fidelity Level (FL ، وﻣﺳﺗوى (ICF)ﻟﻠﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟك اﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﺟﻣﺎع اﻟﻧﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻌﯾن -FL%.) and uses totaled. The DCA showed that there are com)اﻟدﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺷﺗﻐﻼل ﻧﺑﺎت ﻣﻌﯾن ﻻﺷﺗﺧدام ﻣﻌﯾن -mon plant species gathered intensively from all three for أن ھﻧﺎك ﻧوﻋﺎ ﻣن اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم ﺟﻣﻌﮭﺎ DCAاﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ: أظﮭرت ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻣن ﻧوع ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﻛﺛف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل اﻟزﻋﺗر اﻟﺑري و اﻟﻠوف .Malva parviflora L، اﻟﺧﺑﯾزة .Origanum syriacum L وأن ھﻧﺎﻟك ﺑﻌض اﻷﻧواع اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ ﺗم ﺟﻣﻌﮭﺎ .Arum palaestinum Boiss Correspondence ﻣن ﻧوع ﻣﻌﯾن ﻣن اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت. ﻛﻣﺎ وﺗم اﻷﺟﻣﺎع ﻣن ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﯾﻧﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺳﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾن ﺑﺄن اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﺔ ھو اﻟﻐذاء وﻣن ﺛم اﻟﻐذاء واﻟدواء. ,Oraib Saleh Nawash, Royal Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 99 اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج : ﺑﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ، ﯾﻘﺗرح أن ﺗﺄﺧذ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر ﺳﻠوك ﺟﻣﻊ Amman 11910, JORDAN. [email protected] اﻟﻧﺎس ﻟﻠﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺣرﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﺔ ااﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻲ ﻧظﺎم اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺑﯾﺋﻲ اﻟﮭش ﻗﻲ Amani Al-Assaf, University of Jordan, Faculty of Agriculture, ,Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness ﺑراﻣﺞ اﻟﺣﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻹﯾﻛوﻟوﺟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﺷراك اﻟﺳﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾون ﻣن .P.O. Box 791, Amman 11910, JORDAN أﺟل ﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻻﺳﺗداﻣﺔ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﯾﺔ و ﻣﻧﻊ اﻧﺟراف اﻟﺗﻧوع اﻟﺑﯾوﻟوﺟﻲ. Ahmad El-Oqlah, Royal Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 99, Am- man 11910, JORDAN, and Department of Biological Sci- Abstract ence, Yarmouk University, Irbid, JORDAN. Mohammad Omari, University of Jordan, Faculty of Agricul- ture, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Am- Understanding the distribution and floristic features of na- man, JORDAN. tive forest plants, as well as the reasons that lead local people to collect them, is of great value for planning and Ethnobotany Research & Applications 12:385-396 (2014) implementing forest conservation and rehabilitation proj- Published: 8 September 2014 www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/vol12/i1547-3465-12-385.pdf 386 Ethnobotany Research & Applications est types, namely Origanum syriacum L., Malva parviflo- (Mill.) D.A.Webb, Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb, ra L., and Arum palaestinum Boiss., and that some plant and occasionally with Quercus infectoria G.Olivier. species are collected from a particular forest type. The This forest type occurs at a lower elevation of 300 m main uses of the collected plants are food and medicine. above sea level. The study results suggest value in taking into account the behavior of people who collect native forest plants when (3) Evergreen oak forest dominated by Quercus coc- designing fragile forest ecosystem restoration programs. cifera L. and associated with P. halepensis, Olea eu- These programs should be community-based in order to ropaea L., Pyrus syriaca Boiss., and Crataegus az- achieve ecosystem sustainability and prevent biodiversity arolus L. and less commonly with Pistacia palaestina erosion. Boiss. and Q. ithaburensis. This forest is located in Ajlune district at 700 m above sea level and includes Introduction the villages of Anjara, Wahdneh, Hashemieh, Ra- soon, Shafa, and Zobia. The Mediterranean region has provided examples of hu- man interactions with plants (ethnobotany sensu Jones These forest areas receive the highest precipitation levels (1941)) over the past decades through studies of col- in Jordan, with annual rainfall amounts ranging from 400 lecting native plants for food and medicine (Aburjai et to 600 mm. The area is bordered by the Irano-Turanian al. 2007, Ali-Shtayeh et al. 2008, El-Darier & El-Mogas- and Sudanian vegetation territories from the west and the pi 2009, Faker et al. 2009, Rigat et al. 2007). Previous Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian vegetation from the ethnobotanical research in the Mediterranean region east (Al-Eisawi 1996). has identified about 2,300 different plant and fungi taxa which are gathered and consumed (Rivera et al. 2006). Jordan’s forest area is less than 1% of the total country. Ethnobotanical data contribute to ecosystem restoration This area is declining both in regard to quality and quantity and forest sustainability management programs that in- due to urbanization, shifting olive cropping at the expense volve all stakeholders including communities surrounding of forests, grazing, and climate change, including the re- forests. This involvement is crucial to achieve the indis- duction and fluctuations of the annual rainfall amounts (Al- pensable target “sustainability,” both through rewarding rababah et al. 2007). Nevertheless, forest ecosystems in people and ecosystems. Choudhary et al. (2008) indicat- Jordan are still providing local people living in the forest ed that today’s ethnobotanical studies, including applied periphery with many valuable ecosystem services such projects, have potential to reduce poverty levels. Thus, as wood, food (e.g., wild mushrooms, wild plants, honey), it is important to define the relationship between people medicinal plants, forage, and other services that support and forest as recommended by Michon et al. (2007), who their living. There are five forest types in Jordan: pine, ev- called for a new concept of land management in which ergreen oak, deciduous oak, juniper, and mixed forests production and conservation are compatible and in which (Kasapligil 1956, Long 1957). The current study investi- there is no choice to be made between people and nature. gated the first three forest types located in the northern Accordingly, this study focused on investigating such a re- part of Jordan. lationship in order to help stakeholders implement effec- tive conservation management plans while also reducing Recently, Jordanian researchers have started to study the the poverty of the local people. ethnobotany of indigenous people in Jordanian ecosys- tems (Aburajai et al. 2007, Afifi & Abu-Irmaileh 2000, Alz- The northern area of Jordan contains three types of for- weiri et al. 2011, Hudaib et al. 2008, Nawash & Al-Horani ests: pine forest, deciduous oak forest, and evergreen 2011, Nawash et al. 2013, Takruri et al. 2008). Most prior oak forest (Al-Eisawi 1996, El-oqlah et al. 1985, Kaspligil studies have focused on traditional medicinal uses (eth- 1956, Lahham et al. 1987, Long 1957, Zohary 1962). nopharmacology) or targeted certain known edible plants used in the Jordanian diet (Tukan et al. 1998). Thus, these (1) Pine forest dominated by Pinus halepensis Mill. studies ignored other uses of plants, collection behaviors and associated with Arbutus andrachne L., Calico- in general, and the potential of this knowledge to improve tome villosa (Poir.) Link, and Cistus creticus L. This livelihoods. Therefore, a great part of knowledge, includ- forest is located in the Jerash district and surrounds ing general use patterns, is still undocumented. The aims the villages of Raymoon, Burma, Nahleh, and Ketah. of this study in particular were to investigate: (1) the most This is the only natural pine forest in Jordan; the other utilized species using Informant Consensus Factors, Fi- pine forests are man-made. The altitude of this forest delity Levels, and Uses Totaled and (2) distributions of is the highest at about 850 m above sea level. species collected in the three forest ecosystems using (2) Deciduous oak forest dominated by Quercus itha- Detrended Correspondence Analysis. The current study burensis Decne. (the national tree of Jordan) and as- is a part of a comprehensive survey investigating the eco- sociated with Pistacia atlantica Desf., Rhamnus pa- system services of three forest ecosystems in Jordan. laestina Boiss., Ceratonia siliqua L., Prunus dulcis www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/vol12/i1547-3465-12-385.pdf Nawash et al. - Floristic Features, Distribution, and Ethnobotany of Plants 387 Gathered and Used from the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Major Pollen Plant Species in Relation to Honeybees' Activity in The
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY 1560–8530/2003/05–4–411–415 http://www.ijab.org Major Pollen Plant Species in Relation to Honeybees’ Activity in the Jordanian Desert Area SHAHERA TALAT ZAITOUN¹ AND GUENTHER VORWOHL† Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Production Department, Jordan Univesity of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan †Landesanstalt Fuer Bienenkunde 730, Universitaet Hohenheim, August-von- Hartmann Strasse 13, 70593 Stutgart, Germany 1Corresponding author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study was conducted in Badia region, North East part of Jordan, during 2000 and 2001 to determine different plant species visited by workers of honeybees, Apis mellifera L. for pollen collection and the relationship of these plants with the honeybee activities under local conditions in the arid region. Palynological analysis of pollen loads showed that bee foragers visited 44 desert plant species in 16 plant families. The bees were efficiently pollen foragers in the springtime, carried their highest loads and stored more pollen at this time of the year. Bee workers tended to fly in the morning and reduced their activity in mid and late hours of the day. Jordan Badia, in spite of being an arid land with low rainfall each year, is a potential area, not only as rangeland, but also has good potential for beekeeping. Key Words: Apis mellifera; Jordan; Badia; Pollen grains; Honeybees INTRODUCTION found a positive correlation between honey production and foraging activity of the honeybee. Moreover, pollen The arid land, or Badia region, encompasses a wide collection correlated significantly with honey production and significant part of Jordan. It extends from North to (Cale, 1967).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis and Implications of the Chloroplast Genomes of Three Thistles (Carduus L., Asteraceae)
    Comparative analysis and implications of the chloroplast genomes of three thistles (Carduus L., Asteraceae) Joonhyung Jung1,*, Hoang Dang Khoa Do1,2,*, JongYoung Hyun1, Changkyun Kim1 and Joo-Hwan Kim1 1 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea 2 Nguyen Tat Thanh Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Carduus, commonly known as plumeless thistles, is a genus in the Asteraceae family that exhibits both medicinal value and invasive tendencies. However, the genomic data of Carduus (i.e., complete chloroplast genomes) have not been sequenced. Methods. We sequenced and assembled the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of three Carduus species using the Illumina Miseq sequencing system and Geneious Prime. Phylogenetic relationships between Carduus and related taxa were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses. In addition, we used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the protein coding region of the matK gene to develop molecular markers to distinguish C. crispus from C. acanthoides and C. tenuiflorus. Results. The cpDNA sequences of C. crispus, C. acanthoides, and C. tenuiflorus ranged from 152,342 bp to 152,617 bp in length. Comparative genomic analysis revealed high conservation in terms of gene content (including 80 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes) and gene order within the three focal species and members of subfamily Carduoideae. Despite their high similarity, the three species differed with respect to the number and content of repeats in the chloroplast genome. Additionally, eight Submitted 28 February 2020 hotspot regions, including psbI-trnS_GCU, trnE_UUC-rpoB, trnR_UCU-trnG_UCC, Accepted 11 December 2020 Published 14 January 2021 psbC-trnS_UGA, trnT_UGU-trnL_UAA, psbT-psbN, petD-rpoA, and rpl16-rps3, were identified in the study species.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards an Updated Checklist of the Libyan Flora
    Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 (CC-BY) Open access Gawhari, A. M. H., Jury, S. L. and Culham, A. (2018) Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora. Phytotaxa, 338 (1). pp. 1-16. ISSN 1179-3155 doi: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/76559/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Identification Number/DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 <https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1> Publisher: Magnolia Press All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Phytotaxa 338 (1): 001–016 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora AHMED M. H. GAWHARI1, 2, STEPHEN L. JURY 2 & ALASTAIR CULHAM 2 1 Botany Department, Cyrenaica Herbarium, Faculty of Sciences, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Reading Herbarium, The Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Read- ing, RG6 6AS, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Taste, Total Phenols and Antioxidant for Fresh, Roasted, Shade Dried and Boiled Leaves of Edible Arum Palaestinum Bioss
    Research Article www.marmarapharmj.com Evaluation of taste, total phenols and antioxidant for fresh, roasted, shade dried and boiled leaves of edible Arum palaestinum Bioss Mohammad Qneibi1*, Nidal Jaradat2, Abed Naser Zaid2, Nawaf Abu-Khalaf3, Abdel – Razzak Natsheh4, Fatima Hussein2 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. 2 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. 3 Department of Horticulture and Extension, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Technology, Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine. 4 Department of Computer Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. ABSTRACT: Arum palaestinum is one of the famous wild plants that have been used since the ancient time in the Palestinian folk food and medicine. However, it needs particular cooking steps to decrease its numbing taste. We investigated the impact of cooking, measures on taste, total phenols and antioxidant activity of wild A. palaestinum by using an Alpha-Astree Electronic tongue (ET), which is used for food taste assessment. In this study, the A. palaestinum was cooked in different ways. We used Folin Ciocalteu’s process to compare total phenols, where radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity using 2, 2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH). Our results showed that a very significant discrimination of the samples with different distances between groups (p-values < 0.001) in the ET results coupled with the principal component analysis (PCA). The samples were in the following order in term of numbing taste: Fresh > dried > cooked.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotoxic Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Arum Palaestinum Boiss
    944 Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 5(11): 944–947 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Original article http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.07.019 Cytotoxic activity and phytochemical analysis of Arum palaestinum Boiss. Mai Mohammed Farid1, Sameh Reda Hussein1*, Lamiaa Fawzy Ibrahim1, Mohammed Ali El Desouky2, Amr Mohammed Elsayed2, Ahmad Ali El Oqlah3, Mahmoud Mohammed Saker4 1Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic, National Research Center, 12311 Cairo, Egypt 2Department of Biochemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 3Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Jordan 4Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Center, 12311 Cairo, Egypt ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as Received 28 May 2015 isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss. (A. palaestinum) (black calla lily), and to Received in revised form 25 Jun, identify the volatile components which may be responsible for the potential antitumor 2nd revised form 26 Jun 2015 activity. Accepted 15 Jul 2015 Methods: A. palaestinum was collected from its natural habitats and subjected to Available online 18 Aug 2015 phytochemical analysis for separation of pure compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity was investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines Hep2, HeLa, HepG2 and MCF7 for the fractionated extract and isolated compounds. While, the diethyl ether fraction was Keywords: subjected to GC–MS analysis as it exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect to evaluate Black calla lily the active constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activities. Araceae Results: Four flavonoid compounds were isolated (luteolin, chrysoeriol, isoorientin, Flavonoids isovitexin) from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate.
    [Show full text]
  • Müllerian and Batesian Mimicry Rings of White- Variegated Aposematic Spiny and Thorny Plants: a Hypothesis
    Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 0792-9978 (Print) 2223-8980 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tips20 Müllerian and Batesian mimicry rings of white- variegated aposematic spiny and thorny plants: A hypothesis Simcha Lev-Yadun To cite this article: Simcha Lev-Yadun (2009) Müllerian and Batesian mimicry rings of white- variegated aposematic spiny and thorny plants: A hypothesis, Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 57:1-2, 107-116 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/IJPS.57.1-2.107 Published online: 14 Mar 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 41 View related articles Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tips20 Download by: [Universitaire De Lausanne] Date: 03 May 2016, At: 02:12 Israel Journal of Plant Sciences Vol. 57 2009 pp. 107–116 DOI: 10.1560/IJPS.57.1–2.107 This paper has been contributed in honor of Azaria Alon on the occasion of his 90th birthday. Müllerian and Batesian mimicry rings of white-variegated aposematic spiny and thorny plants: A hypothesis SIMCHA LEV-YADUN Department of Science Education–Biology, Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Haifa—Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel (Received 4 August 2008; accepted in revised form 9 March 2009) ABSTRACT Twenty-one wild spiny or thorny plant species growing in Israel have been found so far that are conspicuous because of white stripes and spots found on their leaves. Twenty of these species occupy open habitats, and only one is a climber (Smilax aspera) that is found in both shady and open habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear and Plastid DNA Phylogeny of the Tribe Cardueae (Compositae
    1 Nuclear and plastid DNA phylogeny of the tribe Cardueae 2 (Compositae) with Hyb-Seq data: A new subtribal classification and a 3 temporal framework for the origin of the tribe and the subtribes 4 5 Sonia Herrando-Morairaa,*, Juan Antonio Callejab, Mercè Galbany-Casalsb, Núria Garcia-Jacasa, Jian- 6 Quan Liuc, Javier López-Alvaradob, Jordi López-Pujola, Jennifer R. Mandeld, Noemí Montes-Morenoa, 7 Cristina Roquetb,e, Llorenç Sáezb, Alexander Sennikovf, Alfonso Susannaa, Roser Vilatersanaa 8 9 a Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain 10 b Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) – Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de 11 Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de 12 Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain 13 c Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 14 Chengdu, China 15 d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA 16 e Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine), FR- 17 38000 Grenoble, France 18 f Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, 19 Finland; and Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 20 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 21 22 *Corresponding author at: Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s. n., ES- 23 08038 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Herrando-Moraira). 24 25 Abstract 26 Classification of the tribe Cardueae in natural subtribes has always been a challenge due to the lack of 27 support of some critical branches in previous phylogenies based on traditional Sanger markers.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Mediterranea 26
    FLORA MEDITERRANEA 26 Published under the auspices of OPTIMA by the Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum Palermo – 2016 FLORA MEDITERRANEA Edited on behalf of the International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo by Francesco M. Raimondo, Werner Greuter & Gianniantonio Domina Editorial board G. Domina (Palermo), F. Garbari (Pisa), W. Greuter (Berlin), S. L. Jury (Reading), G. Kamari (Patras), P. Mazzola (Palermo), S. Pignatti (Roma), F. M. Raimondo (Palermo), C. Salmeri (Palermo), B. Valdés (Sevilla), G. Venturella (Palermo). Advisory Committee P. V. Arrigoni (Firenze) P. Küpfer (Neuchatel) H. M. Burdet (Genève) J. Mathez (Montpellier) A. Carapezza (Palermo) G. Moggi (Firenze) C. D. K. Cook (Zurich) E. Nardi (Firenze) R. Courtecuisse (Lille) P. L. Nimis (Trieste) V. Demoulin (Liège) D. Phitos (Patras) F. Ehrendorfer (Wien) L. Poldini (Trieste) M. Erben (Munchen) R. M. Ros Espín (Murcia) G. Giaccone (Catania) A. Strid (Copenhagen) V. H. Heywood (Reading) B. Zimmer (Berlin) Editorial Office Editorial assistance: A. M. Mannino Editorial secretariat: V. Spadaro & P. Campisi Layout & Tecnical editing: E. Di Gristina & F. La Sorte Design: V. Magro & L. C. Raimondo Redazione di "Flora Mediterranea" Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum, Università di Palermo Via Lincoln, 2 I-90133 Palermo, Italy [email protected] Printed by Luxograph s.r.l., Piazza Bartolomeo da Messina, 2/E - Palermo Registration at Tribunale di Palermo, no. 27 of 12 July 1991 ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit26.001 Copyright © by International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo, Palermo Contents V. Hugonnot & L. Chavoutier: A modern record of one of the rarest European mosses, Ptychomitrium incurvum (Ptychomitriaceae), in Eastern Pyrenees, France . 5 P. Chène, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity of Paronychia Argentea Lam. at Jerash and Wadishueib Ecosystems in Jordan
    Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.4, 2016 Species diversity and genetic diversity of Paronychia argentea Lam. at Jerash and Wadishueib ecosystems in Jordan *Ibrahim Mohammad AlRawashdeh¹ and Nasab Q. AlRawashdeh² ¹Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, P. O. Box (20), Ma'an, Jordan. ² Director of biodiversity directorate/ NCARE. Abstract Jordan's flora is plenty and highly miscellaneous. Species diversity is one of the essential indices used for determining the sustainability of herbaceous, shrubs and trees communities. This study was conducted during three years consequences from 2009-2012, and it aims to estimation and monitoring the genetic diversity among certain Paronychia argentea species at different sites in Jordan. The plant species were sampled by transect- quadrate method using square wood quadrate. Species richness, density Shannon and Simpson indices were applied to quantify of the diversity among target studied sites. Species richness, frequency and Shannon’s diversity values among studied areas and years were recorded during the year of 2011/2102. High species richness (50 and 51) was found at Jerash for both sites compared to the wadishueib regions. High number of taxa was recorded at higher elevations compared to lower elevations particularly during the year 2012 compared to the rest years. Asteraceae, fabacaea and poaceae showed the most frequent families during this study. Studying the species richness, density, frequency and monitoring are crucial measurements for management and conservation of plant communities either in situ or ex situ. Keywords : Jordan, monitoring, Paronychia , richness.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty and Charity in Roman Palestine
    Poverty and charity in Roman Palestine Gildas Hamel Abstract The present book reformats the text, notes, and appendices of the origi- nal 1990 publication by the University of California Press. Its pagination is different. There is no index. i D’ur vamm ha d’ur breur aet d’an Anaon re abred A.M.G. 31 Meurzh 1975 Y.M.H. 12 Geñver 1986 Contents Contents ii List of Figures iv List of Tables iv Introduction ix 1 Daily bread 1 1.1 Food items ............................. 2 1.2 Diets ................................ 19 1.3 Diseases and death ........................ 55 1.4 Conclusion ............................ 58 2 Poverty in clothing 61 2.1 Common articles of clothing ................... 61 2.2 Lack of clothing .......................... 70 2.3 Clothing and social status .................... 81 2.4 Conclusion ............................ 104 3 Causes of poverty 107 3.1 Discourse of the ancients on yields . 108 3.2 Aspects of agriculture: climate and soil . 116 3.3 Work and technical standards . 125 3.4 Yields ............................... 145 3.5 Population of Palestine . 159 3.6 Conclusion ............................ 163 4 Taxes and rents 165 4.1 Roman taxes . 168 ii Contents iii 4.2 Jewish taxes and history of tax burden . 171 4.3 Labor and ground rents . 176 4.4 Conclusion ............................ 190 5 The vocabulary of poverty 193 5.1 Explicit vocabulary: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek . 196 5.2 Explicit vocabulary: self-designations . 209 5.3 Greek and Jewish views on poverty and wealth . 229 5.4 Implicit vocabulary . 239 5.5 Conclusion ............................ 248 6 Charity in Roman Palestine 251 6.1 Discourses on charity .
    [Show full text]
  • A Facile Method for Testing Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenolic Content of Notobasis Syriaca and Scolymus Maculatus Extracts and Their
    Characterization of Notobasis Syriaca and Scolymus maculatus extracts Section C-Research paper A FACILE METHOD FOR TESTING ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF NOTOBASIS SYRIACA AND SCOLYMUS MACULATUS EXTRACTS AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY Abdullatif Azab[a,b]* Keywords: Notobasis syriaca; Scolymus maculatus; Rhizopus stolonifera; total phenolic content; antioxidant capacity. In this study, three extracts of the aerial parts of Notobasis syriaca and Scolymus maculatus were prepared. Each extract was tested for antifungal activity against Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold), and its total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were measured. As for these measurements, we report here a facile method that we developed. Our results show moderate antifungal activity for both plants extracts, notably high TPC and antioxidant capacities. They are also in very good agreement with the partial published data, and our new method is consistent and validated by very well known, yet complicated or expensive methods. * Corresponding Authors and found it moderate.12 Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic Fax: +972-(0)4-6356168 extract of aerial parts of NS was tested against six types of Tel.: +972-(0)4-6357011 13 E-Mail: [email protected] bacteria, including P. acnes. The results show relatively [a] Triangle Research & Development Center, Box 2167, Kfar- low activity. Qari, Israel 30075. [b] Eastern Plants Company, Box 868, Arara, Israel 30026. OH 1-Deoxyglucosyl HO O Introduction 1-Deoxyglucosyl Notobasis syriaca (Syrian thistle, NS) and Scolymus maculatus (Spotted golden thistle, SM) are two of the spiny, OH O most widespread plants of the Middle eastern region, Isoschaftoside Mediterranean basin and Western Asia, yet, the habitat of SM is wider and includes most of Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation, Genetic Characterization, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Black Calla Lily: a Wild Endangered Medicinal Plant
    Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2016; 6(10): 832-836 832 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtd Review article doi: 10.1016/S2222-1808(16)61141-6 ©2016 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. All rights reserved. Conservation, genetic characterization, phytochemical and biological investigation of black calla lily: A wild endangered medicinal plant Mai Mohammed Farid1*, Sameh Reda Hussein1, Mahmoud Mohammed Saker2 1Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 2Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Scientists continue to search for and conserve plants whose medicinal properties have become Received 14 Jun 2016 crucial in the fight against diseases. Moreover, lessons from folk medicine, indigenous Received in revised form 4 Jul, 2nd knowledge and Chinese medicine on crude extracts points to possible findings of novel revised form 8 Aug, 3rd revised form promising and strong pharmaceutically bioactive constituents. Arum palaestinum, commonly 10 Aug 2016 known as black calla lily, is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to the family Accepted 22 Aug 2016 Araceae, which has not been well studied. Little is known about its pharmaceutically bioactive Available online 25 Aug 2016 constituents and the effective conservation through the use of biotechnology. Thus, Arum Palaestinum is selected and reviewed for its phytochemical analysis and biological activities. Keywords: Besides, the tissue culture and genetic characterization developed for effective conservation of Arum palaestinum the plant were also summarized. Tissue culture Phytochemical analysis Antioxidant Anticancer 1.
    [Show full text]