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Southwestern Arboretum Groundcover Evaluation and Introduction Project The Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum Groundcover Evaluation and Introduction Project Item Type Article Authors Sacamano, Charles M.; Feldman, William R. Publisher University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Desert Plants Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 30/09/2021 20:41:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552225 Sacamano und Feldman Groundcover Evaluation and [ntroduction 67 Groundcovers play an increasingly important role in The Boyce Thompson southwestern landscapes as urban growth continues its rapid pace and new water use patterns and design philosophies emerge. Southwestern The term ' groundcover' lacks precise definition and plants of widely differing heights and growth habits are Arboretum included in this category. In general however ground- covers are creeping or sprawling plants that grow G roundcover together to form a mass of vegetation over the soil surface when planted at appropriate densities. Evaluation and From an engineering standpoint the most important use of groundcovers in the landscape is to preventsoil Introduction Project erosion by wind and water. This is a common and often serious problem in landscapes of all sizes from large commercial projects to small residential gardens. Groundcovers can also provide vegetative cover on Charles M. Sacamano difficult to deal with steep slopes and rocky terrain. Department of Plant Sciences Aesthetically, groundcovers serve to unify other design University of Arizona elements and introduce texture, color and scale in the ground surface treatment. Despite the apparent need, only a limited number of and William R. Feldman adapted groundcovers are currently available in low Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum and mid- elevation desert locations below 3000 feet in elevation. To help broaden and diversify the selection of species in this important category of landscape plants a groundcover evaluation and introduction project was established at the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum in the spring of 1980. The research area has expanded and now consists of 30 irrigated 3 X 8' plots encosed by rabbit -proof fencing. Since the inception of this research program, seeds and vegetative material of several hundred potential groundcovers have been received for screening and evaluation from arboreta, botanical gardens and nur- series throughout the world. Of this group almost 200 species have shown enough promise to be planted in the Arboretum field plots. The criteria used to evaluate plants in this phase of the project include: vegetative appearance growth habit, density growth rate and mature size flower effects climatic tolerances insect and disease problems maintenance requirements In the second phase of the project species that show superior characteristics will be tested for comparative irrigation requirements. Replicated plots of each groundcover candidate will be irrigated at two -thirds and one -third the annual consumptive water use of hybrid bermudagrass turf that is overseeded with a cool season grass in winter. This will provide an estimateof water use by each species in comparison to bermuda- grass, the groundcover whose water requirements have been most thoroughly investigated in the southwest. 68 Desert Plants 6 (2) 1984 Teucrium polium. Asteriscus maritimus. Salvia mellifera. Ceanothus maritimus. Hertia Ghirifolia. Paronychia argentea. Figure 1. Full color illustrationsofsix promising groundcover species which are among those currently being experimented with at the Arboretum and at the UniversityofArizona Campus Agriculture Center at Tucson. Since the spring of 1980 several hundred potential groundcovers have been screened for possible use in low and mid -elevation desert locations. Almost 200 have shown enough promise to be planted in Arboretum research plots. New groundcovers are being searched for to better prevent soil erosion by wind and water, to vegetate steep slopes and rocky terrain, and to aesthetically unify landscaping elements, introducing texture, color and scale. Photographs by Sharon K. Haennelt. Sacninono and Feldman Groundcover Evaluation and Introduction 69 Table 1. Characteristics of six promising ground cover species growing at the BoyceThompson Southwestern Arboretum; Superior, Arizona. Plant CharacteristicsTeucrium Asteriscus Salvia Ceanothus Hertia Paronychia Polium L. maritimus mellifera maritimus chirifolia argentea (L.) Less. Greene. Hoov, Kuntze Lam. "Terra seca""Clairmont" Vegetative Appearance leaf color blue gray green dark green green light green green leaf type hairy, sticky, waxy, mesophytic mesophytic mesophytic succulent mesophytic mesophytic leaf texture medium medium medium medium medium - fine coarse Growth Habit density dense dense dense dense dense dense habit mounding mounding shrub -Like prostrate, sub -shrub mat woody Growth Rate medium fast medium -fast medium fast fast Flowering color white yellow lavendar blue yellow light green inflorescence head head, 3-4cm interrupted lateral head clusters spike bloom density 25% 25% 30% 100% Fruit type nutlet achene nutlet capsule achene 1 seeded, dry density 50% 35% 10% 30% 100% Irrigation test plots wil be established at the Arboretum will be introduced to the landscape industry. This in 1985. project is expected to benefit both consumers and The final stage of screening and evaluation will be landscape professionals and help sustain environmental conducted by a network of Arboretum Test Site Cooper- quality as Arizona becomes more and more urbanized. ators. State and municipal parks and commercial, resi- Characteristics of six promising species growing in dential and institutional landscapes below 2500 feet in the Arboretum groundcover research plots appear in elevation will provide a wide range of environmental Table 1. At least two of these are used as landscape and management levels for testing plant performance. plants in other regions of the country, but are unknown Plants of promising species are now being grown in in Arizona. Photographs of the six species appear in one -gallon nursery containers at the University of Figure 1. Arizona Campus Agriculture Center and this phase of the project will begin in the spring of 1985. Arboretum Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Sharon K. Test Site Cooperators will use standarized forms to Haennelt for her unstinting technical assistance. This report plant performance in the spring of 1986. research was made possible through funds provided by Those species which have desirable landscape char- the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, Inc. acteristics and prove adapted to the desert southwest.
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