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40 Ar 39 Ar AGES of SELECTED Tuffs of the GREEN RIVER

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40 Ar 39 Ar AGES of SELECTED Tuffs of the GREEN RIVER 40 39 Ar Ar AGES Of SELECTED TUffS Of THE GREEN RIVER FORMATION: WYOMING, COLORADO, AND UTAH A Thesis Presented in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by William Arthur O'Neill, B. s. The Ohio State University 1980 Approved by De Mineralogy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all those . who contributed to this study. I owe a great debt of gratitude to my advisor, Dr. John Sutter, whose assistance, ideas and experience were essential to this study. His unselfish donation of time in the field, in the laboratory and in editing this paper is greatly appreciated. Dr. Kenneth Stanley first suggested this subject as a thesis topic. He provided valuable assistance in the field, with petro­ graphy, with stratigraphic interpretation and in editing this manu­ script. Dr. Ronald Surdam provided assistance in the field in locating outcrops in the Washakie and Bridger Basins. He also willingly provided transportation to sampling locations in Wyoming and Utah that could not be reached by automobile. Dr. William Cashion of the u.s.G.S. gave invaluable assistance in the Uinta and Piceance Creek Basins in locating tuff outcrops. He also provided several topographic maps of sampling areas. Dr. Earnest Ehlers provided assistance in taking photo­ micrographs and in editing this manuscript. Larry Snee was almost a second advisor for this study. He willingly gave advice and assistance throughout all facets of the laboratory analyses. Carl Sheliga shared the use of his automobile and provided assistance in the field area. iii The friends of Orton and the Sigma Xi Society provided financial assistance for travel expenses. Many thanks to my brother, Brian, who provided the trans­ portation from Chicago to Wyoming and back and who shared the dangers of vicious house cats, grumbling motorcycle mufflers and trout stealing sea gulls. My deepest thanks go to my wife, Nancy, whose support, patience and love made the last two years all worthwhile. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ii LIST OF FIGURES •••••••••••• • • •• • • • • • • • • • vi LIST OF TABLES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • x INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • l Location • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • l Purpose of Study • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 Present and Previous Research • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 Methods of Investigation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 6 40 39 . Ar/ Ar Dating Technique • • • • • • • • • • • • 6 Petrographic Analysis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 GEOLOGIC SETTING • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10 General Setting • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10 Lake Gosiute • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 Wasatch Formation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 14 Green River Formation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15 Tipton Shale Member • • • • • • • • • • • 15 Wilkins Peak • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16 Laney Member • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Washakie and Bridger Formations • • • • • • • • • 20 Lake Uinta • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 Wasatch Formation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 Green River Formation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 Douglas Creek Member • • • • • • • • • • • 22 Garden Gulch Member • • • • • • • • • • • 24 v Page Parachute Creek Member • • • • • • • • • • 24 Anvil Points Member • • • • • • • • • • • 25 Uinta Formation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27 General History • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27 Tuff Beds • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 32 4 39 oAr/ Ar AGES OF TUFF UNITS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 34 Big Island Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 34 Petrography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 Age Data • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 40 Wilkins Peak Tuff NLnnber Six • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 51 Petrography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 51 Age Data • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 54 Flaming Gorge Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 56 Petrography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 56 Age Data • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 60 Sand Butte Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 60 Petrography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 66 Age Data • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 68 Robin's Egg Blue Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 71 Petrography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 71 Age Data • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 78 Curly Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 80 Petrography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 80 Age Data • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 85 Wavy Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 85 vi Page Petrography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 85 Age Data • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 92 EVALATION Of AGES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 101 Reliability of Tuff Ages ••••••••••••••••• 101 Use of Tuff Ages • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 106 Mahogany Zone • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 106 Correlation of High Stands • • • • • • • • • • • • 108 CONCLUSION • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 110 Results of This Study •••••••••••••••••• 110 Dating of Tuff Beds • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 110 Recommendations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 111 REfERENCES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 112 APPENDIX I • • • • •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 113 Analytical Methods •••••••••••••••••••• 117 APPENDIX II • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 123 40 39 Ar/ Ar Age 0 a t a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 123 Locations of Samples • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 139 vii TABLE OF FIGURES Figura Page 1. False color composite space photograph of study area • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 2. Generalized map showing surface and subsurface occurance • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 3. Temperature release spectrum for a sample of the Curly Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 4. Schematic cross section of Lake Gosuite • • • • • • • • • 11 5. Schematic cross section of Lake Uinta • • • • • • • • • • 12 6. Schematic cross section of Wilkins Peak Member with lens shape zone of trona deposits ••••••••••••••••••••• 17 7. Inferred boundary of hydrographic basin of Eocene Lake, Gosuite • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 a. Schematic north-south cross section of Uinta Basin • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 23 9. Generalized stratigraphy of Green River Formation in Uinta and Piceance Creek Basins • • • • • • 26 10. Correlation of Eocene Age sediments with provincial land mammal ages • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 11. Diagramatic cross section of playa Lake Gosuite •••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 12. Columnar sections of Wilkins Peak and Laney Members • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 13. Columnar sections of Wilkins Peak Member • • • • • • • • • 36 14. Photograph of outcrop of Big Island Tuff • • • • • • • • • 37 15. Location map showing position of sampling of tuffs in Green River, Wyoming Area. • • • • • • • • • 38 16. Age spectrum diagrams for Big Island Tuff • • • • • • • • 41 17. Photomicrographs from samples of Big Island Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 44 viii Figure Page 18. Photograph of outcrop for tuff number six of Wilkins Peak Member • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 52 Age spectrum for sample 706-7 of tuff number six • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20. Photomicrograph from sample 706-7 • • • • • • • • • • • • 55 21. Age spectrum diagrams of Flaming Gorge Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 58 22. Photomicrographs from samples of Flaming Gorge Tuffs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 61 23. Columnar section of portion of Laney Member • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 63 24. Geologic map of Western half of Washakie Basin • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 64 25. Photograph of outcrop of two inch thick tuff in Upper Laney Member • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 65 26. Age spectra diagrams for sample 705-3, and 705-5 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 67 27. Photomicrograph of thin section from base of of sample 705-3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 69 28. Generalized stratigraphic column of Washakie Formation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 72 29. Geologic map of western two-thirds of Washakie Basin • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 73 30. Disrupted age spectrum of sample 706-2 of Robin's Egg Blue Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 75 31. Photomicrographs from thin sections of samples of Robin's Egg Blue Tuff ••••• • • • • • • • 79 32. Outline map of Uinta Basin • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 81 33. Stratigraphic column of Parachute Creek Member • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 82 34. Age spectra diagrams for samples of Curly Tuff • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 84 ix Figure Page 35. Photomicrograph of thin section of samples from Curly Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 86 36. Outline map of Uinta and Piceance Creek Basins • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 90 37. Age spectra diagrams for samples of the Wavy Tuff • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 91 38. Photomicrographs of thin sections of samples from Wavy Tuff ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • 93 39. Generalized cross section for sediments for Eocene Lakes Uinta and Gosiute • • • • • • • • • • • 105 40. Geomagnetic polarity
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