Correlations Between Soil Microbial Flora, Plants And
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science. Vol. LXI, Number 2, 2018 ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN Online 2393-2260; ISSN-L 2285-5750 plot belonging to Vulcan village, and the fourth aurescens, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOIL MICROBIAL FLORA, PLANTS in the region of the Precarpathian hills in the coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, Thiobacillus Breaza area. Corn fodder and wheat have been thiooxidans, Thiobacillus denitrificans, AND FARM ANIMALS HEALTH IN ORGANIC FARMING grown in the meadow or in the plain areas. In Chromatium okenii, Frankia asymbiotica, the hilly region the basic crop was that of Methanobrevibacter smithii adhaesiva, Alexandru POPESCU vegetables. Each ranch, with the exception of Rhizobium aggregatum, Methylobacterium the vegetable one, owns a beef and/or a dairy organophilum, Nitrobacter vulgaris, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, farm. Soil samples were collected from each Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania farm after protocols agreed by statisticians. sphaeroides, Xanthomonas perforans (Table 1, Twenty dominant bacterial species and five Table 2 and Table 3). Corresponding author email: [email protected] mushroom species were identified. Laboratory The identified mushroom families were: examinations were done in the pedology Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Abstract laboratory in Pécs. In addition to qualitative Penicillium, Fusarium. This study regards organic and biodynamic agriculture as forms of nature expression without interference with tests, two simple and inexpensive methods synthetic substances. The work is about the soil microbiology, feed plants health and the quality parameters of animal were used to measure microbial activity in the Table 1. Bacterial species ratio in farm 1 products. The author had made a parallel between the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in humans and animals and soil: the respirometry method and the cotton Bacterial species 2016 (%) 2017 (%) those that generate: soil microbial disorders, plant vulnerability to pest attack and the receptivity of farm animals to strip test method (image analysis and 1. Acidobacterium capsulatum 5.5 9.5 2. Azotobacter agilis 0.1 0.3 infectious diseases. The factors involved in these phenomena were herbicides, pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. Using tensometer) (Gunasekhar et al., 2007). the principles of homeopathic treatments, associated with the biodynamic farming doctrines for the rehabilitation of 3. Azotobacter salinestris 10.1 5.4 denatured soils, on new scientific basis, the study demonstrated the possibility of recovering degraded land from human In November 2015 samples of compost soil 4. Azotobacter chroococcum 1.7 2 actions. with cow dung were collected and were placed 5. Arthrobacter aurescens 1 0.5 in a cow horn. The horn was buried in the 6. Bacillus thuringiensis 14.7 5.8 Key words: animal health, biodynamic agriculture, soil microorganisms. 7. Bacillus coagulans 5.1 8.1 ground with the bottom down to about 20 cm 8. Bacillus subtilis 2.8 1.8 deep. The central area of the plot was chosen as 9. Thiobacillus thiooxidans 5.3 9.4 INTRODUCTION rhizomicrobiome and nanotechnology, these the place of choice for soil sampling and horn 10. Thiobacillus denitrificans 3.6 8.3 practices have begun to be reconsidered (Teruo burial. In April each horn was dug out and the 11. Chromatium okenii 2.8 1.3 Despite the fact that world agricultural produc- and Parr, 1994). This study has demonstrated 12. Frankia asymbiotica 0.9 0.4 content was placed in a container of five 13. Methanobrevibacter smithii 4.8 3.1 tion is steadily increasing, as a consequence of that biodiversity is the essence of balance in hundred liters of water. The liquid was mixed adhaesiva the increase in the world's population, more and nature (Chhabra, 2017). Interaction between continuously for an hour, using the Hanemann 14. Rhizobium aggregatum 1.5 2.1 more signals announce a collapse of the microbial flora populations often determines 15. Methylobacterium organophilum 2.3 3.4 method, in order to obtain a dynamization 16. Nitrobacter vulgaris 6.1 10.8 productive capacity of the soil with dramatic the biodiversity of plants. dilution (Bellavite, 2005). With the help of 17. Rhodopseudomonas palustris 8.8 14.3 consequences for the future. Faced with these Any human action designed to eliminate certain sprinklers, the solution was sprinkled on three 18. Rhodobacter sphaeroides 4.7 3.5 challenges, many companies have tried in species considered harmful, both microsco- hectares of cereal crop for each cattle farm (six 19. Xanthomonas perforans 6.1 3.8 20. Holophaga foetida 12.1 6.2 recent decades to find solutions for avoiding a pically and macroscopically, inevitably leads to containers per hectare) and on 1000 m2 of food catastrophe. a global dysfunction of the biotope with vegetable farm. A second identification of the Table 2. Bacterial species ratio in farm 2 The variables are the following: soil health, adverse consequences already known in microbial flora was performed one year after fodder plant diseases, animal diseases and agriculture (Sohag et al., 2010). Recent data Bacterial species 2016 (%) 2017 (%) the first harvest. At the same time, the 1. Acidobacterium capsulatum 6.1 7.2 ultimately public health. Methods of control show that up to 10 billion bacteria and 10 productive characteristics of the parcels were 2. Azotobacter agilis 0.3 0.5 used up to now: pesticides, herbicides, antipa- million fungi (de Vrieze, 2015) can be found in determined, following the quality of the vegetal 3. Azotobacter salinestris 8.7 7.2 rasitics, antibiotics, pH and GMOs reduce their the soil around each rhizosphere. Microbes 4. Azotobacter chroococcum 2.2 1.3 material, the degree of parasitic attack, the 5. Arthrobacter aurescens 1 1.5 efficiency from year to year. As a result, have multiple functions in the soil: they can health status of the animals fed with these 6. Bacillus thuringiensis 15 11 scientists are trying to find solutions to develop provide plants with nutrients and minerals from fodders and the quality of the products obtained 7. Bacillus coagulans 7.8 5.8 healthy and renewable farming methods, while the soil, produce growth stimulating hormones, from them (Miller-Ensminger, 2018). 8. Bacillus subtilis 4.3 4.1 pursuing the recovery of land compromised by stimulate the immune system of plants, and 9. Thiobacillus thiooxidans 3.1 2.8 10. Thiobacillus denitrificans 2.4 8.6 conventional practices used in the past. trigger or mitigate stress responses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 11. Chromatium okenii 4 3.3 Starting from the concept of biodynamic 12. Frankia asymbiotica 0.1 0.2 agriculture (Steiner, 2012) enunciated by MATERIALS AND METHODS The bacterial species identified in the previous 13. Methanobrevibacter smithii 6.2 7.9 Rudolf Steiner in 1924 and subsequently adhaesiva year were also found in the following year, 14. Rhizobium aggregatum 3.9 3.6 applied in practice both in Europe and the Four farms from different pedoclimatic areas with the difference in population proliferation 15. Methylobacterium 1.8 1.1 USA, more and more farmers approached were selected to track the soil, plant, animal or that changed sensitively. The species found in organophilum agricultural sciences at an unconventional human route. The first location was in the 16. Nitrobacter vulgaris 8.4 12.4 the soil were: Acidobacterium capsulatum, 17. Rhodopseudomonas palustris 5.2 7.2 angle, considered for decades to be a pseudo- Burnaz Plain on the Teleorman River bank, the Azotobacter agilis, Azotobacter salinestris, 18. Rhodobacter sphaeroides 3 9.3 science. In recent years, due to the advances second in Bărăgan Lehliu – Dor Mărunt area, Azotobacter chroococcum, Arthrobacter 19. Xanthomonas perforans 2.5 2.6 made in the study of human microbiome, the third on the bank of the Bârsa brook, on a 20. Holophaga foetida 14 2.4 206 plot belonging to Vulcan village, and the fourth aurescens, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOIL MICROBIAL FLORA, PLANTS in the region of the Precarpathian hills in the coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, Thiobacillus Breaza area. Corn fodder and wheat have been thiooxidans, Thiobacillus denitrificans, AND FARM ANIMALS HEALTH IN ORGANIC FARMING grown in the meadow or in the plain areas. In Chromatium okenii, Frankia asymbiotica, the hilly region the basic crop was that of Methanobrevibacter smithii adhaesiva, Alexandru POPESCU vegetables. Each ranch, with the exception of Rhizobium aggregatum, Methylobacterium the vegetable one, owns a beef and/or a dairy organophilum, Nitrobacter vulgaris, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, farm. Soil samples were collected from each Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania farm after protocols agreed by statisticians. sphaeroides, Xanthomonas perforans (Table 1, Twenty dominant bacterial species and five Table 2 and Table 3). Corresponding author email: [email protected] mushroom species were identified. Laboratory The identified mushroom families were: examinations were done in the pedology Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Abstract laboratory in Pécs. In addition to qualitative Penicillium, Fusarium. This study regards organic and biodynamic agriculture as forms of nature expression without interference with tests, two simple and inexpensive methods synthetic substances. The work is about