Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)

R. Z. Sayyed · M. S. Reddy Sarjiya Antonius Editors Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture R. Z. Sayyed • M. S. Reddy • Sarjiya Antonius Editors Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture Editors R. Z. Sayyed M. S. Reddy Department of Microbiology Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science & Auburn University Commerce College Auburn, AL, USA Shahada, Maharashtra, India Sarjiya Antonius Division of Microbiology Herbarium Building, Research Center for Biology-LIPI Cibinong, Jakarta, Indonesia ISBN 978-981-13-6789-2 ISBN 978-981-13-6790-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6790-8 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Foreword Dear editors, authors, and readers, It gives me immense pleasure in writing this foreword for the book titled Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture. The book is edited by two well-known scientists in the field of agriculture, plant pathology, and research on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The use of alternative methods to fungicide use is not only important in reducing harmful environmental impacts due to chemicals, but it also reduces the costs a grower may incur during a field season. As we know, there are millions if not billions of microorganisms in our soils that can improve plant health. We had only “scratched the surface” until newer methods, especially omics, came around and helped us to identify un-culturable microorganisms and further our understanding of how these PGPRs are helping agricultural and natural systems. As we are dealing with biological organisms, it is important to note that the success of such PGPR use and application relies on the knowledge we have on such organisms, their habitat and needs, and how each biological process can be changed with the environmental factors and climate change. This book illustrates some excellent papers from researchers who are dedicating their research career to finding such soils, microorganisms, and delivery methods to improve plant health around the world. The aim of the book and its content is to educate the reader with knowledge on how agricultural sustainability and profitable production can be achieved with PGPR either as single organisms or as consortia. The book is divided into two parts. The first part relates to how PGPRs can be utilized for plant growth promotion and nutrient uptake. It takes a holistic look at PGPRs recovered as endophytes or from soils and their biochemical parameters to formulations to improve application. The second part discusses how PGPRs are known to and can be used as biological control agents in mitigating diseases caused by plant pathogens and abiotic and biotic stress. The book is a great compilation of these areas, and I would encourage young and experienced researchers to read chapter by chapter to see the present status in accomplishments and challenges within agricultural systems and PGPRs. v vi Foreword I wish its editors every success with the launch of this book and thank them for their dedication to agricultural sustainability around the world. Dean of Studies, St. Paul’s College Dr. Dilantha Fernando, PhD, PAg University of Manitoba Professor of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology Department of Plant Science University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada President, Canadian Phytopathological Society Preface This book was concesptualized during finalizing the proceedings of our Fifth Asian PGPR International Conference held in Bogor, Indonesia, on 16–19 July 2017. The prime aim and objective of this book is to highlight salient features on the application of PGPRs in agricultural crop plants to lend a hand to scientists throughout the world working in this field. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are root- colonizing bacteria that exert direct or indirect beneficial effects on plant growth and development. PGPR shows an important role in the sustainable agriculture industry. The increasing demand for crop production with a significant reduction of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers leads to several environmental hazards, causing damages to human, animal, and ecosystem health. Such environmental, agricultural, and health issues alert us for serious attention toward environmentally friendly PGPR. PGPRs are the group of microorganisms which colonize and have a symbiotic relationship with the plant roots and promote plant growth via various plant growth-promoting substances and also act as biofertilizers, biostimulants, and biofungicides. A large number of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and other microbes coexist in the plant root rhizosphere; however, the most abundant beneficial microorganisms are bacteria. It is well-established that only 1–3 % of bacteria promote plant growth in the soil as PGPR. Beneficial effects of PGPRs have also been attributed to alterations in the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere. PGPR are considered as an effective competitor in the soil root zone to help in plant growth promotion or disease suppression. Increasing disease resistance through induced systemic resistance (ISR) or acquired systemic resistance (ASR), PGPR also helps the plant to overcome various biotic and abiotic stresses. The principle of biotic stress involves the competing microbes, pathogens, and parasites, while abiotic stresses include salinity, extreme (high/low) temperature, heavy metal ions, drought, and presence of toxic metabolites or pesticides. PGPR serve as biocontrol agents for controlling and suppressing the growth of several plant pathogens. More impor- tantly, they play a key role in bioremediation too. Global concern over the use of chemicals in agriculture has diverted the attention of researchers toward sustainable agriculture by utilizing the multiple potentials of PGPR. Therefore, management of pests and diseases for healthy agroecosystem and safety is the need of the hour. The use of PGPR as biofertilizers, biopesticides, and vii viii Preface biostimulants has gained considerable attention among researchers, agriculturists, farmers and policymakers, and consumers. The multiple potentials exhibited by PGPR for increasing agro-productivity are the need of the hour for feeding the growing world population under the present climate scenario. Thus, sustainable agricultural vision could be achieved through the use of PGPR, for disease suppression and drought, salt, and heavy metal stress tolerance of the plant varieties with better nutritional value. PGPR have been researched as reliable, eco-friendly, cost-effective alternatives for plant growth promotion and phytopathogen control. For an effective bioinoculant candidate, PGPR strains should possess high rhizosphere competence, be safer to the environ- ment, be compatible with cultural practices, have broad-spectrum activity, and be tolerant to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In view of this, the need for a better PGPR to complement to increase agro-productivity is one of the crucial factors for the world economy which has been highlighted. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agri- culture is a timely effort for sustainable agriculture. This book is composed of 25 chapters encompassing various aspects of the influence of PGPR in agricultural crop plants. The authors of the chapters are from various countries which include India, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, China, the Philippines, Germany, etc. and discuss about the PGPR role in growth promotion of various crop plants, suppression of wide range of phytopathogens, their formula- tion, effect of various factors on growth and performance of PGPR, assessment of diversity of PGPR through microsatellites, and their role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stress. We hope that this book will be beneficial for students, teachers, researchers, and entrepreneurs involved in PGPR and allied

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