FAMILY Diodontidae Bonaparte, 1838 –

GENUS Allomycterus McCulloch, 1921 [=Allomycterus McCulloch [A. R.] 1921:141] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 2945] Masc. jaculiferus of McCulloch (non Cuvier) Type by original designation (also monotypic). Based on a misidentified type ; McCulloch's D. jaculiferus (not of Cuvier 1818) = Allomycterus pilatus Whitley 1931. •Synonym of Dicotylichthys Kaup 1855, but a valid subgenus Allomycterus -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:17 [ref. 1495]). •Valid as Allomycterus McCulloch 1921 -- (Leis 1984:448 [ref. 13659], Gomon et al. 1994:913 [ref. 22532], Leis 2006:86 [ref. 28932], Bray et al. 2006:1931 [ref. 29091], Gomon 2008:857 [ref. 30616], Leis 2015:1742 [ref. 34323]). Current status: Valid as Allomycterus McCulloch 1921. Diodontidae.

Species Allomycterus pilatus Whitley, 1931 [=Allomycterus pilatus Whitley [G. P.] 1931:125, Allomycterus whitleyi Phillipps [W. J.] 1932:234, Fig. 5] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 4673] Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Allomycterus pilatus Whitley 1931. Diodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Tasman Sea, Australia and New Zealand. Habitat: marine. (whitleyi) [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 16393] New Zealand. Current status: Synonym of Allomycterus pilatus Whitley 1931. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Brisout de Barneville, 1846 [=Chilomycterus Brisout de Barneville [C. N. F.] (ex Bibron) 1846:140, Atinga Le Danois [Y.] 1954:2356, Chilomyctere Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:278, Cyanichthys Kaup [J. J.] 1855:231] Notes: [Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne (Paris) 1846; ref. 296] Masc. Diodon reticulatus of Brisout de Barneville 1846 (= Diodon reticulatus Linnaeus 1758). Type by monotypy. •Valid as Chilomycterus Brisout de Barnville 1846 -- (Tortonese 1973:648 [ref. 7192], Tyler 1980:367 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:366 [ref. 6441], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1346 [ref. 13677], Leis 1986:904 [ref. 5686], Lindberg et al. 1997:175 [ref. 23547], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:518 [ref. 24550], Leis 2001:3959 [ref. 26318], Leis 2003:2008 [ref. 27121], Leis 2006:78 [ref. 28932], Bray et al. 2006:1931 [ref. 29091], Leis 2015:1743 [ref. 34323]). Current status: Valid as Chilomycterus Brisout de Barneville 1846. Diodontidae. (Atinga) [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 238 (no. 24); ref. 6451] Fem. Diodon atringa Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy; one species but four subspecies; type is the nominate subspecies. Le Danois apparently misspelled Linnaeus' species as atinga. See also Leis & Bauchot 1984:85 [ref. 12539]. Also Appendix A in Eschmeyer 1990 [ref. 20647]. •In the synonymy of a temporary category "Atlantic Chilomycterus" -- (Leis 2006:82-83 [ref. 28932]). Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus Brisout de Barneville 1846. Diodontidae. (Chilomyctere) [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 2) v. 7; ref. 297] Masc. Diodon reticulatus Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. Originally as Chilomyctère. Regarded by Kottelat 2001:611 [ref. 25859] as available and predating Chilomcterus as Latinized by Troschel and and by Holland. •Synonym of Chilomycterus Brisout de Barnville 1846. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus Brisout de Barneville 1846. Diodontidae. (Cyanichthys) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 2571] Masc. Cyanichthys coeruleus of Kaup (not of Quoy & Gaimard) 1855. Type by monotypy. Evidently based on a misidentified type species, not Diodon coeruleus Quoy & Gaimard according to Jordan 1919:265 [ref. 2410]. •Synonym of Chilomycterus Brisout de Barneville 1846 -- (Leis 2006:78 [ref. 28932]). Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus Brisout de Barneville 1846. Diodontidae.

Species (Cuvier, 1816) [=Diodon antennatus Cuvier [G.] 1816:185, Pl. 9 (fig. 1), Chilomycterus briareos Metzelaar [J.] 1919:173, Fig. 55, Lyosphaera digitalis Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1927:81, Fig. 34] Notes: [Le Règne v. 2; ref. 993] Unknown locality. Current status: Valid as Chilomycterus antennatus (Cuvier 1816). Diodontidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic (possibly eastern Atlantic). Habitat: marine. (briareos) [Report on the ; ref. 2982] St. Eustatius, Lesser Antilles. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus antennatus (Cuvier 1816). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (digitalis) [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 635] West Indies or western North Atlantic (no other data). Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus antennatus (Cuvier 1816). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Jordan & Rutter, 1897 [=Chilomycterus antillarum Jordan [D. S.] & Rutter [C. L.] 1897:131, Diodon geometricus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:513, Pl. 96, Chilomycterus orbitosus Poey [F.] 1875:69] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 49; ref. 10644] Kingston, Jamaica. Current status: Valid as Chilomycterus antillarum Jordan & Rutter 1897. Diodontidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (geometricus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] America [coast of Brazil]. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus antillarum Jordan & Rutter 1897. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (orbitosus) [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 3-4) (art. 6); ref. 18564] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus antillarum Jordan & Rutter 1897. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) [=Diodon reticulatus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:334, Chilomycterus affinis Günther [A.] 1870:314, Diodon atringa Linnaeus [C.] 1758:334, Chilomycterus californiensis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1891:1133, Chilomycterus lissogenys Günther [A.] 1910:476, Pl. 179, Euchilomycterus quadradicatus Waite [E. R.] 1900:208, Diodon tigrinus Cuvier [G.] 1818:127, Pl. 6 (Diodons Pl. 1)] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. Current status: Valid as Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in warm temperate seas. Habitat: marine. (affinis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Unknown locality. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (atringa) [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India [in error]. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Distribution: Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (californiensis) [American Naturalist v. 25 (no. 300); ref. 18744] San Pedro, southern California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (galapagosensis) [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 39 (nos 1/2); ref. 12080] San Cristóbal Island [Chatham Island], Wreck-Bay, Galápagos Islands. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (lissogenys) [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 6 (no. 17); ref. 14460] Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (quadradicatus) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 4558] Lord Howe Island. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (tigrinus) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum, 1792) [=Diodon schoepfii Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:601, Holocanthus areolatus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:27, Diodon fuliginosus DeKay [J. E.] 1842:324, Pl. 55 (fig. 181), Diodon geometricus var. lineatus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:513, Diodon maculatostriatus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:470, Pl. 6 (fig. 3), Diodon meulenii Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:602, Diodon nigrolineatus Ayres [W. O.] 1842:68, Chilomycterus pentodon Atkinson [G. F.] in Bryant 1888:18, Diodon rivulatus Cuvier [G.] 1818:129, Pl. 6 (Diodons Pl. 1), Diodon verrucosus DeKay [J. E.] (ex Mitchill) 1842:325, Pl. 55 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [New York, U.S.A.] . Current status: Valid as Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (areolatus) [Catalogue of collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (fuliginosus) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York harbor, New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (lineatus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (maculatostriatus) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (meulenii) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (nigrolineatus) [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 1 (1841-1844); ref. 15926] Brookhaven, Long Island, New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (pentodon) [Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society v. 5 (pt 1); ref. 13034] Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (rivulatus) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] No locality [New York, U.S.A.]. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (verrucosus) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum 1792). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Chilomycterus spinosus (Linnaeus, 1758) [=Diodon spinosus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:335, cornutus Kaup [J. J.] 1855, Atinga atinga mauretanicus Le Danois [Y.] 1954:2354, Diodon orbe Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1798:Pl. 24 (fig. 3), Tetrodon torosus Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:390] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. Current status: Valid as Chilomycterus spinosus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: off South America (this subspecies). Habitat: marine. (cornutus) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 2571] Unknown locality. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus spinosus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. (mauretanicus) [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 238 (no. 24); ref. 6451] Mauritania. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus spinosus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic (subspecies mauretanicus). Habitat: marine. (orbe) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 1; ref. 2708] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus spinosus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (torosus) [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Current status: Synonym of Chilomycterus spinosus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Cyclichthys Kaup, 1855 [=Cyclichthys Kaup [J. J.] 1855:231] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 2571] Masc. Diodon orbicularis Bloch 1785. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently designated first by Bleeker 1865:48 [ref. 416]. •Valid as Cyclichthys Kaup 1855 -- (Leis 1986:904 [ref. 5686], Matsuura & Sakai 1993:372 [ref. 21906], Leis 2001:3959 [ref. 26318], Leis 2006:78, 82 [ref. 28932], Bray et al. 2006:1931 [ref. 29091], Motomura et al. 2017:239 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:390 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Cyclichthys Kaup 1855. Diodontidae.

Species Cyclichthys hardenbergi de Beaufort, 1939 [=Chilomycterus hardenbergi de Beaufort [L. F.] 1939:33] Notes: [Treubia, Buitenzorg v. 17 (pt 1); ref. 17230] Merauke, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Cyclichthys hardenbergi (de Beaufort 1939). Diodontidae. Distribution: Australia and New Guinea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species (Bloch, 1785) [=Diodon orbicularis Bloch [M. E.] 1785:73, Pl. 127, Diodon caeruleus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:201, Pl. 65 (fig. 5), Chilomycterus parcomaculatus von Bonde [C.] 1923:38, Pl. 9 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 1; ref. 4866] Sea of Jamaica; Cape of Good Hope; Molucca Islands, Indonesia.; Europe. Current status: Valid as Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch 1785). Diodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea,East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to South China Sea and Japan, south to New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. Habitat: marine. (caeruleus) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] North of New Guinea, 142° E, at the Equator. Current status: Synonym of Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch 1785). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (parcomaculatus) [Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa Rep. 3 (art. 1); ref. 521] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, Pickle station 386 and 473, depth 31-38 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch 1785). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall, 1982) [=Chilomycterus spilostylus Leis [J. M.] & Randall [J. E.] 1982:364, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 8453] Off Marine Laboratory, Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, ca. 29°30'05''N, 34°55'05''E, depth 12 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall 1982). Diodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Australia and New Caledonia; eastern Pacific (Galápagos Islands); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

GENUS Dicotylichthys Kaup, 1855 [=Dicotylichthys Kaup [J. J.] 1855:230, Atopomycterus Bleeker [P.] (ex Verreaux) 1865:49] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 2571] Masc. Dicotylichthys punctulatus Kaup 1855. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Tyler 1980:367 [ref. 4477]). •Valid as Dicotylichthys Kaup 1855 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:17 [ref. 1495], Leis 2001:3959 [ref. 26318], Leis 2006:85 [ref. 28932], Bray et al. 2006:1932 [ref. 29091], Gomon 2008:857 [ref. 30616]). Current status: Valid as Dicotylichthys Kaup 1855. Diodontidae. (Atopomycterus) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises; ref. 416] Masc. Atopomycterus diversispinis Bleeker 1865 (= Dicotylichthys punctulatus Kaup 1855). Type designated by Bleeker as A. diversispinis, but that species appeared as name only and not available; subsequent addition of species and type designation not researched; Leis & Bauchot 1984:85 [ref. 12539] say Bleeker's species is equal to D. punctulatus Kaup 1855. •Synonym of Dicotylichthys Kaup 1855 -- (Leis 2006:85 [ref. 28932]). Current status: Synonym of Dicotylichthys Kaup 1855. Diodontidae.

Species Dicotylichthys punctulatus Kaup, 1855 [=Dicotylichthys punctulatus Kaup [J. J.] 1855:230, Atopomycterus diversispinis Bleeker [P.] (ex Verreaux) 1865:49, Dicotylichthys myersi Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:18] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 2571] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa [doubtful locality]; Mauritius [doubtful locality]. Current status: Valid as Dicotylichthys punctulatus Kaup 1855. Diodontidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine. (diversispinis) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises; ref. 416] Australia. Current status: Synonym of Dicotylichthys punctulatus Kaup 1855. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (myersi) [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 23; ref. 3288] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Dicotylichthys punctulatus Kaup 1855. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Diodon Linnaeus, 1758 [=Diodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:334, Euchilomycterus Waite [E. R.] 1900:208, Paradiodon Bleeker [P.] 1865:Pls. 206, 207,212, Trichocyclus Günther [A.] 1870:316, Trichodiodon Bleeker [P.] 1865:49] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Masc. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Type designated by the ICZN. Name put on Official List (Opinion 77) but later withdrawn. Diodon Lesson 1828 and 1830, and Storr 1780 of other animal groups placed on Official Index as junior homonyms of Diodon Linnaeus. •Valid as Diodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:17 [ref. 1495], Tortonese 1973:648 [ref. 7192], Leis 1978 [ref. 5529], Tyler 1980:367 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:365 [ref. 6441], Leis 1986:905 [ref. 5686], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1347 [ref. 13677], Gomon et al. 1994:914 [ref. 22532], Lindberg et al. 1997:174 [ref. 23547], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:519 [ref. 24550], Leis 2001:3959 [ref. 26318], Leis 2003:2008 [ref. 27121], Parin 2003:S35 [ref. 28536], Leis 2006:87 [ref. 28932], Bray et al. 2006:1933 [ref. 29091], Gomon 2008:858 [ref. 30616], Bogorodsky et al. 2011:57 [ref. 31559], Matsuura 2014:24 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:555 [ref. 33547], Leis 2015:1744 [ref. 34323], Motomura et al. 2017:239 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:390 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Diodon Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. (Euchilomycterus) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 4558] Masc. Euchilomycterus quadradicatus Waite 1900. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:17 [ref. 1495]). Current status: Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. (Paradiodon) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises; ref. 416] Masc. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently dates to Pls. 206, 207 and 212 published in part 18 (19 Apr. 1865), corresponding text pp. 49 and 56 published in part 19. D. histryx was figured in Pl. 207; type designation dates to p. 49. •Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:17 [ref. 1495], Leis 1978:538 [ref. 5529]). Current status: Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. (Trichocyclus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Masc. Trichocyclus erinaceus Günther 1870. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:17 [ref. 1495], Leis 1978:538 [ref. 5529]). Current status: Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. (Trichodiodon) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises; ref. 416] Masc. Diodon pilosus Mitchill 1815. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Also in Bleeker 1866:18 [ref. 417]. •Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:17 [ref. 1495], Leis 1978:538 [ref. 5529]). Current status: Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae.

Species Diodon eydouxii Brisout de Barneville, 1846 [=Diodon eydouxii Brisout de Barneville [C. N. F.] 1846:142, Diodon bertolettii de Lema [T.], Lucena [C. A. S. de], Saenger [S.] & de Oliveira [M. F. T.] 1979:35, Figs. 18-19, Diodon melanopsis Kaup [J. J.] 1855:228] Notes: [Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne (Paris) 1846; ref. 296] Eastern Pacific. Current status: Valid as Diodon eydouxii Brisout de Barneville 1846. Diodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. Habitat: marine. (bertolettii) [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRGS (Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul) No. 20; ref. 8836] Barra da lagoa da Conceiçao, Florianópolis, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Diodon eydouxii Brisout de Barneville 1846. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (melanopsis) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 2571] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Diodon eydouxii Brisout de Barneville 1846. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758 [=Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:335, Atopomycterus bocagei Steindachner [F.] 1866:53, Diodon maculatus Günther [A.] 1870:307, Diodon maculifer Kaup [J. J.] 1855:229, Diodon multimaculatus Cuvier [G.] 1818:137, Pl. 7 (Diodons Pl. 2), Diodon novemmaculatus Cuvier [G.] 1818:136, Pl. 6 (Diodons Pl. 1), Diodon paraholocanthus Kotthaus [A.] 1979:39, Fig. 492, Diodon pilosus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:471, Pl. 6 (fig. 4), Diodon quadrimaculatus Cuvier [G.] 1818:137, Pl. 6 (Diodons Pl. 1), Diodon sexmaculatus Cuvier [G.] 1818:136, Pl. 7 (Diodons Pl. 2)] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. Current status: Valid as Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. Habitat: marine. (bocagei) [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 20460] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (maculatus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (maculifer) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 2571] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (multimaculatus) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (novemmactulatus) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (paraholocanthus) [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 28; ref. 8818] Bab-el-Mandeb, Arabian Sea, 12°47.5'N, 43°17'E, Meteor station 63, depth 174 meters. Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (pilosus) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (quadrimaculatus) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (sexmaculatus) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 [=Diodon hystrix Linnaeus [C.] 1758:335, Diodon armillatus Whitley [G. P.] 1933:107, Pls. 12 (fig. 1), 15 (figs. 2-3), Diodon atinga Bloch [M. E.] 1785:67, Pl. 125, Diodon brachiatus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Parra) 1801:513, Diodon nudifrons Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:488, Fig. 35, Diodon plumier Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:1, 10, Pl. 30, Diodon punctatus Cuvier [G.] 1818:132, Diodon spinosissimus Cuvier [G.] 1818:134, Diodon totara Curtiss [A.] 1938:133, Diodon triedricum Cuvier [G.] 1818:133] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. Current status: Valid as Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. Habitat: marine. (armillatus) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] Northwest Islet, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (atinga) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 1; ref. 4866] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (brachiatus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Locality not stated [Havana, Cuba]. Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (nudifrons) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (plumier) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 2; ref. 2709] Tropical eastern America. Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. (punctatus) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (spinosissimus) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (totara) [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (triedricum) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] Current status: Synonym of Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804 [=Diodon liturosus Shaw [G.] (ex Lacepède) 1804:436, Diodon bleekeri Günther [A.] 1910:475, Pl. 178, Diodon maculatus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1855:278] Notes: [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] Indian Seas. Current status: Valid as Diodon liturosus Shaw 1804. Diodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (bleekeri) [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 6 (no. 17); ref. 14460] East Indies; Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Diodon liturosus Shaw 1804. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. (maculatus) [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 2) v. 7; ref. 297] Current status: Synonym of Diodon liturosus Shaw 1804. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Diodon nicthemerus Cuvier, 1818 [=Diodon nicthemerus Cuvier [G.] 1818:135, Pl. 7 (Diodons Pl. 2), Diodon blochii Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:210] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] Australian seas. Current status: Valid as Diodon nicthemerus Cuvier 1818. Diodontidae. Distribution: Australia: Queensland to southern Australia and to Western Australia. Habitat: marine. (blochii) [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Melbourne fish market, Victoria, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Diodon nicthemerus Cuvier 1818. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Lophodiodon Fraser-Brunner, 1943 [=Lophodiodon (subgenus of Diodon) Fraser-Brunner [A.] 1943:17] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11) v. 10 (no. 61); ref. 1495] Masc. Diodon calori Bianconi 1854. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Lophodiodon Fraser-Brunner 1943 -- (Leis 1986:906 [ref. 5686], Leis 2001:3959 [ref. 26318], Leis 2006:87 [ref. 28932], Bray et al. 2006:1934 [ref. 29091], Fricke et al. 2018:390 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Lophodiodon Fraser-Brunner 1943. Diodontidae.

Species Lophodiodon calori (Bianconi, 1854) [=Diodon calori Bianconi [G. G.] 1854:69, Lophodiodon nigropunctatus Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:222, Fig. 4] Notes: [Rendiconto delle Sessioni dell'Accademia delle Scienze dell'Instituto dei Bologna 1853-1854 (for 11 May 1854); ref. 17949] Mozambique. Current status: Valid as Lophodiodon calori (Bianconi 1854). Diodontidae. Distribution: East Africa and Madagascar east to Indonesia, north to South China Sea, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine. (nigropunctatus) [South African Journal of Science v. 53 (no. 8); ref. 12171] Port Alfred, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Lophodiodon calori (Bianconi 1854). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Tragulichthys Whitley, 1931 [=Tragulichthys Whitley [G. P.] 1931:125] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 4673] Masc. Diodon jaculiferus Cuvier 1818. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Diodon Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subgenus Tragulichthys -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:17 [ref. 1495]). •Valid as Tragulichthys Whitley 1931 -- (Leis 1984:448 [ref. 13659], Leis 2001:3959 [ref. 26318], Leis 2006:85 [ref. 28932], Bray et al. 2006:1934 [ref. 29091]). Current status: Valid as Tragulichthys Whitley 1931. Diodontidae.

Species Tragulichthys jaculiferus (Cuvier, 1818) [=Diodon jaculiferus Cuvier [G.] 1818:130, Pl. 7 (Diodons Pl. 2), Chilomycterus grandoculis Ogilby [J. D.] 1910:19] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 18059] Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Tragulichthys jaculiferus (Cuvier 1818). Diodontidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine. (grandoculis) [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 23; ref. 3288] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Tragulichthys jaculiferus (Cuvier 1818). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

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Unavailable names, uncertain taxa (genera)

Cephalopsis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1815:90 [Analyse de la nature; ref. 3584] Fem. As "Cephalopsis R. sp. do.", meaning Cephalopsis Rafinesque for a species in the preceding genus (Diodon). Not available, name only. Diodontidae.

Lyosphaera Evermann [B. W.] & Kendall [W. C.] 1898:131 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 17 (art. 5) (for 1897); ref. 1281] Fem. Lyosphaera globosa Evermann & Kendall 1898. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Mention for 5 Atlantic species -- (Leis 2006:78 [ref. 28932]). •In the synonymy of a temporary category "Atlantic Chilomycterus" -- (Leis 2006:82 [ref. 28932]). Current status: Uncertain as Chilomycterus. Diodontidae.

(species) globulas, Diodon Taylor [R.] 1849:13 [A Leaf from the Natural History of New Zealand; ref. 20904] Name only, not available; from New Zealand; as "Kopuawai, round fish covered with spines." Also name only in Taylor 1870 [ref. 20786]. Diodontidae. bufo, Tetrodon Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:378 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Corresponds to Tetrodon torsus Larrañaga 1923:390 [ref. 22561]. Also appeared in Devincenzi 1925:318, 323 [ref. 20322] as Tetrodon torosus vel bufo; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Chilomycterus spinosus Linnaeus 1758. Apparently not the same as Tetrodon bufo Mitchill 1814. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. echinatus, Diodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:335 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Leis 2006:80-81 [ref. 28932]). Current status: Uncertain as Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus 1758). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. conicus, Diodon Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1450 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Red Sea. No types known. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. dussumieri, Diodon Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:278 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 2) v. 7; ref. 297] Type catalog: Le Danois 1962:476 [ref. 21440] but with types and dated to Bibron in Brissout de Barneville, Leis & Bauchot 1984:95 [ref. 12539]. Name only, not available. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. echinatus, Diodon orbicularis Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:512 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Diodon echinatus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. echinus, Diodon Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:40, 58 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. •Status uncertain -- (Tortonese 1973:648 [ref. 7192]). Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. hystrix, Diodon Bloch [M. E.] 1785:69, Pl. 126 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 1; ref. 4866] Numerous Atlantic locatities. Not Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758, but permanently preoccupied by it and objectively invalid. Based in part on Diodon atringa Linnaeus. On p. 78 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 4 [ref. 21381] as Diodon histrix. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. hystrix, Ostracion Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:xviii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Name only, not available (from Malta); perhaps for Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. intermedius, Diodon Hermann [J.] 1804:300 [Observationes zoologicae; ref. 2146] No locality. Minimal description. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. kleinii, Diodon Walbaum [J. J.] 1793:29 [J. T. Kleinii ichthyologia enodata; ref. 12604] Diodon kleinii Walbaum 1793 is a nomen oblitum that can be suppressed if conditions of Art. 23.9.1.1 and Art. 23.9.1.2 are met. Habitat: marine. maculatus, Diodon Hermann [J.] 1804:300 [Observationes zoologicae; ref. 2146] No locality. No types known. Minimal description. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine. muricatum, Diodon Commerson [P.] in Lacepède 1800:13 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 2; ref. 2709] Appeared as "Diodon muricatum, brunneum, spinis albis, ..."; regarded as non-binominal and not available; from New Cythere. See ICZN Opinion 89. Diodontidae. raninus, Diodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:336 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. No types known. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.

rarior, Cyclopterus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1474 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Indian and American Seas. Apparently an unneeded new name for Diodon raninus Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Habitat: marine.