DOCSLIB.ORG

A Curtain Call for Docudrama-Defamation Actions: a Clear Standard Takes a Bow

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Curtain Call for Docudrama-Defamation Actions: a Clear Standard Takes a Bow Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review Volume 8 Number 1 Article 6 1-1-1988 A Curtain Call for Docudrama-Defamation Actions: A Clear Standard Takes a Bow Amy J. Field Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/elr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Amy J. Field, A Curtain Call for Docudrama-Defamation Actions: A Clear Standard Takes a Bow, 8 Loy. L.A. Ent. L. Rev. 113 (1988). Available at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/elr/vol8/iss1/6 This Notes and Comments is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CURTAIN CALL FOR DOCUDRAMA-DEFAMATION ACTIONS: A CLEAR STANDARD TAKES A BOW In September 1973, a violent military coup took place which de- posed the Chilean government of Salvador Allende Gossens.' The coup resulted in the death or disappearance of many people,2 including a young American citizen, Charles Horman.3 Horman disappeared from his home in Santiago a few days after the military takeover and a body with fingerprints matching his was subsequently found elsewhere in Chile.4 The extent of the United States' involvement in the coup was the topic of considerable speculation. Thomas Hauser researched and wrote a nonfictional account of the circumstances surrounding the disappearance and death of Charles Horman in his book entitled The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice.5 The book became the basis for the motion picture Missing directed by Constantin Costa-Gavras.6 The book as well as the film became the subject of a libel action brought by State Department officials and a naval officer. The case eventually came before the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in Davis v. Costa-Gavras ("Davis").7 The Davis court illustrated the standard for applying First Amendment protections to dramatized accounts of true events. The court held that minor fictionalizations in docudramas which do not distort the essence of the facts believed to be true do not support a finding of actual malice in a public figure defamation action. 1. Davis v. Costa-Gavras, 619 F. Supp. 1372, 1373 (S.D.N.Y. 1985). 2. Id. 3. Id. 4. Id. 5. Id. The book was published in hardcover in 1978 by Harcourt Brace Jovanoich, Inc. It was republished in paperback by The Hearst Corp. Id. 6. Id. The film was released by Universal City Studios, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of MCA, Inc. Id. 7. 654 F. Supp. 653 (S.D.N.Y. 1987). Originally this action named as defendants: Hauser, the author of Execution; Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., publishers of the hardback version of Hauser's book; Hearst, publisher of the paperback; and Costa-Gavras the director. Davis v. Costa-Gavras, 580 F. Supp. 1082 (S.D.N.Y. 1984). Hauser's and Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc.'s motion for summary judgment was granted. Davis v. Costa-Gavras, 595 F. Supp. 982 (S.D.N.Y. 1984). Hearst's motion for summary judgment was granted. The case subsequently came before the court for a judgment on the pleadings. The motion was granted with respect to two State Department Officials who were originally plaintiffs in the suit. Davis v. Costa-Gavras, 619 F. Supp. 1372 (S.D.N.Y. 1985). LOYOLA ENTERTAINMENT LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 8 This casenote briefly reviews the development of the law of defama- tion concerning public figures and discusses the applicability of this law to dramatizations of true events. The note concludes by stating why the court sets forth the proper rule applicable to this genre of speech. Davis' involved a libel action brought by Ray Davis9 against the makers of the film Missing for their alleged portrayal of him in the movie. The case was before the court on a motion by the defendants for sum- mary judgment. Missing was a docudrama,1 ° portraying the American military presence in Chile at the time of the uprising and the Allende coup. The theme of the film is the search for a missing man, Charles Horman, by his wife and his father. Charles Horman is finally found to have been executed by the Chilean military. While the film does not purport to depict a chronology of the events precisely as they occurred,"' Missing is based on a true story. The film reflects the composite conduct of the American governmental representa- tives in Chile at that time and the degree of their assistance in the search for Charles Horman. It is in this setting that the film came under scru- tiny and criticism. While no character in the film is named "Ray Davis", the character with whom Davis associates himself is Ray Tower, 2 a sym- bolic fictional composite of the American political and military en- tourage in Chile at that time.13 Tower is depicted as someone with the power or authority to order the Chilean military to execute Horman; he is shown as having close connections to the recently installed junta.14 The movie is a dramatic portrayal of events and interpretations de- tailed in Thomas Hauser's book, The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice ("Execution"). The filmmakers met with Hauser i" inquiring about his investigation and his sources. They supplied him 8. 654 F. Supp. 653 (S.D.N.Y. 1987). 9. Ray Davis was the Commander of the United States Military Group, and Chief of the United States Mission to Chile at the time of the 1973 coup in Chile. Id. at 654. 10. Docudramas differ from documentaries. Docudramas utilize simulated dialogue, com- posite characters, and telescoping of events occurring over a period into a composite scene or scenes. A documentary is a non-fictional story or series of historical events portrayed in their actual location: a film of real people and real events as they occur. A documentary maintains strict fidelity to fact. Id. at 658. 11. The film opens with the prologue: "This film is based on a true story. The incidents and facts are documented. Some of the names have been changed to protect the innocent and also to protect the film." Id. at 657. 12. In the film, Ed Horman, the father of the missing man, asserts the theory that Ray Tower ordered or approved a Chilean order to kill Charles Horman because he "knew too much" about the alleged American involvement in the Chilean coup. Id. at 659. 13. Id. at 655. 14. Davis v. Costa-Gavras, 619 F. Supp. 1372, 1377 (S.D.N.Y. 1985). 15. Thomas Hauser was a lawyer who had served as a judicial clerk in the chambers of a 1988] DEFAMATION with drafts of the script and were satisfied that there was no reason to doubt his work. They knew that Hauser had interviewed Davis, as well as other United States officials in Chile while writing Execution. The filmmakers also knew that no legal action was taken against the book during the approximately four years since its publication. 6 While the filmmakers never attempted to verify the facts with Davis, they did consult with other parties involved prior to making the film. They met with Charles Horman's parents, his wife, and Terry Simon, a close friend who was with him at the time of his disappearance. Each of these individuals made clear that Hauser's book accurately and relia- bly depicted events as they knew and believed them.' 7 Davis' complaint alleged four general catagories of evidence in his opposition to defendant's motion for summary judgment from which the court could find "actual malice" on behalf of the defendant.' 8 The dis- trict court, however, concluded that plaintiff had not presented any prov- able, clear and convincing, affirmative evidence nor specific facts showing actual malice on the part of the defendants in publishing the alleged defa- mation. Thus, the complaint by Davis, a public figure, was not sustaina- ble under the law.19 The district court first set forth the standard which the plaintiff must prove in order to sustain a cause of action for defamation. The plaintiff, a public official, must show "actual malice" to sustain a cause of action for defamation. "Absent such evidence, the action cannot be maintained as a matter of law."2 To show actual malice, the public fig- ure claiming to have been defamed must show that the defendant pub- lished a statement "with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not."'" After a careful analysis of the record, the court concluded "that to accept the plaintiff's opposition to summary judgment would require a distortion of the proofs, deviation '22 from applicable law and wrenching the film out of its plain context." federal judge and then worked for a prestigious Wall Street law firm. Davis, 654 F. Supp. 653, 656 (S.D.N.Y.). 16. Id. 17. Id. 18. (1) Defendants' "entire purpose in making Missing was to show plaintiff as responsible for Charles Horman's death;" (2) Defendants' reliance on Thomas Hauser's book Execution was unreasonable; (3) Defendants never consulted with plaintiff on the facts presented in the film; and (4) Missing contains scenes portraying certain episodes which the defendants knew were embroidered. Id. at 655. 19. Id. at 659. 20. Id. at 654 (citing New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kessler, Judd.Docx
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project JUDD KESSLER Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 19, 2010 Copyright 2015 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Newark, New Jersey March 1938 Grandparents’ Generation – Eastern Europe, Latvia Parents Occupations Vibrant Neighborhood Education Oberlin College, Ohio President of Student Council Levels of Anti-Semitism Harvard Law Favorite Professor Henry Hart, Jr. Law Office Internship Army Reserve Sojourn to Europe Return to Law Office Joined Agency for International Development October 1966 East Asia Bureau Attorney Advisor Philippine cement plant negotiations Latin America Bureau Negotiating loan agreements Chile, Regional Legal Advisor Spring 1969 Spanish Language Training Also covered Argentina, Bolivia Allende Wins Election Loan Management Difference White House and Embassy/AID Approach View of Christian Democrats Nationalization Changes Kessler’s Focus Role of OPIC Insurance Ambassador Korry’s Cables on Allende 1 Negative Embassy Reporting Ambassador Korry Tries to Negotiate Nationalizations Ambassador Nathanial Davis Arrives at Post October 1971 Chilean Economic Problems, Political Tension Appointed Acting AID Director April 1973 Coup Overthrows Allende Sept 1973 Post-Coup search for Charles Horman Post-Coup Economic Policies Human Rights Circumstances Ambassador David Popper Arrives at Post Feb 1974 Stories of Allende’s Death Senator Kennedy’s Interest in A Nutritionist Supporting the Chicago Boys Undersecretary
    [Show full text]
  • CIA), Oct 1997-Jan 1999
    Description of document: FOIA Request Log for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Oct 1997-Jan 1999 Requested date: 2012 Released date: 2012 Posted date: 08-October-2018 Source of document: FOIA Request Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1998 Case Log Creation Date Case Number Case Subject 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02319 FOIA REQUEST VIETNAM CONFLICT ERA 1961 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02320 FOIA REQUEST PROFESSOR ZELLIG S. HARRIS FOIA REQUEST FOR MEETING MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE COORDINATING COMMITTEE 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02321 (PDCC) 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02322 FOIA REQUEST RE OSS REPORTS AND PAPERS BETWEEN ALLEN DULLES AND MARY BANCROFT 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02323 FOIA REQUEST CIA FOIA GUIDES AND INDEX TO CIA INFORMATION SYSTEMS 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02324 FOIA REQUEST FOR INFO ON SELF 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02325 FOIA REQUEST ON RAOUL WALLENBERG 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02326 FOIA REQUEST RE RAYMOND L.
    [Show full text]
  • Killers of IWW Member Frank Teruggi Sentenced in Chile
    Killers of IWW member Frank Teruggi sentenced in Chile In February 2015, two former Chilean military intelligence officers were convicted of the murder of IWW member Teruggi and another American, Charles Horman. Teruggi and Horman were kidnapped, tortured and murdered during the military coup in Chile in 1973. Frank Teruggi, an IWW member from Chicago and a native of Des Plaines, Ill., was kidnapped, tortured and murdered during the military coup in Chile in 1973. On Feb. 4, 2015 two Chilean military intelligence officers were convicted of the murder of Fellow Worker (FW) Teruggi and another American, Charles Horman. Brigadier General Pedro Espinoza was sentenced to seven years in the killings of both men. Rafael González, who worked for Chilean Air Force Intelligence as a “civilian counterintelligence agent,” was sentenced to two years in the Horman murder only. Espinoza is currently serving multiple sentences for other human rights crimes as well. A third indicted man, U.S. Naval Captain Ray Davis, head of the U.S. Military Group at the U.S. Embassy in Santiago at the time of the coup, has since died. Teruggi, 24, and Horman, 31, had gone to Chile to see and experience the new socialist government of President Salvador Allende. FW Terrugi participated in protest marches in Santiago following the unsuccessful June 1973 military attempt referred to as the “Tanquetazo” or “Tancazo.” FBI documents show that the agency monitored him, labeling him a “subversive” due to his anti-Vietnam war activities, and participation in assisting draft evaders. FBI files also list his street address in Santiago.
    [Show full text]
  • US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations
    DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 3-2012 US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations Rachael S. Murdock DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Murdock, Rachael S., "US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations" (2012). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 115. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/115 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. US FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CHILE DURING THE NIXON AND FORD ADMINISTRATIONS A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts March 2012 BY Rachael Murdock Department of International Studies College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences DePaul University Chicago, IL i DEDICATION To my family, whose encouragement and support were essential to the completion of this project. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A very hearty thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. Rose Spalding, Professor of Political Science at DePaul University. Her patience, guidance, encouragement, insight as she mentored me through the thesis process were indispensible. Great thanks also to Dr. Patrick Callahan, Professor of Political Science at DePaul. He provided vital insight and guidance in developing Chapter Two of this thesis and offered excellent input on later drafts of both Chapters One and Two.
    [Show full text]
  • Removing the Silencer from the Gun: Women Creating a Collective Voice Against the Pinochet Dictatorship
    Florida Atlantic Comparative Studies Journal Volume 12 • 2010-2011 Removing the Silencer from the Gun: Women Creating a Collective Voice against the Pinochet Dictatorship By Julie Hector In this essay, I propose to explore several ways in which women spoke out against the dictatorship. This subject has been the focus of films and literature. First, I will examine it from a North American woman’s point of view, as Beth Horman struggles to find out the truth about her missing husband in the film Missing. Then I will explore how Isabel Allende raised consciousness through her novel Of Love and Shadows. This book incorporates an actual event that occurred in Chile on November 30, 1978, when the remains of fifteen bodies were discovered in what had formerly been kilns in the countryside outside of Santiago in the village of Lonquén. Next, I will discuss the role of Ariel Dorfman’s controversial play Death and the Maiden, who contributed a voice for many through his female protagonist, Paulina. Then I will take to the streets and meet the arpilleristas, who through their traditional tapestries, or arpilleras, have elevated consciousness throughout the world renouncing the crimes committed by the Pinochet dictatorship. Thus the presences and absences embodied in sources (artifacts and bodies that turn an event into fact) or archives (facts collected, thematized, and processed as documents and monuments) are neither neutral or natural. They are created. As such, they are not mere presences and absences, but mentions of silences of various kinds and degrees. By silence, I mean an active and transitive process: one “silences” a fact or an individual as a silencer silences a gun..
    [Show full text]
  • Transcript: Confronting Challenges to the Pinochet Precedent
    *TRANSCRIPT* Confronting Challenges to the Pinochet Precedent And the Globalization of Justice A roundtable discussion sponsored by the American University Washington College of Law Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law and the Institute for Policy Studies February 3, 2004 3:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. American University Washington College of Law, Rm. 603 Washington, D.C. Special thanks to IPS interns Elinor Douglass and Andrea Phillips for transcribing assistance. For more information on the Washington College of Law or the Institute for Policy Studies’ Pinochet Case Project, see: <www.wcl.american.edu>, <www.tni.org/pinochet>, <www.ips-dc.org> PARTICIPANT BIOS Reed Brody, Esq.: Reed Brody is Special Counsel for Prosecutions at Human Rights Watch. He initiated and coordinates the prosecution in Senegal of the former dictator of Chad, Hissène Habré. He directed HRW’s intervention in the case of Augusto Pinochet in Britain’s House of Lords. Mr. Brody teaches a class on accountability for atrocities at Columbia Law School. He is co-editor of The Pinochet Papers: The Case of Augusto Pinochet in the British and Spanish Courts (Kluwer, 2000) and author of HRW’s The Pinochet Precedent: How Victims Can Pursue Human Rights Criminals Abroad (2000). Previously, he led United Nations teams investigating massacres in the Democratic Republic of Congo and observing human rights in El Salvador. In 1995-1996, he coordinated an international legal team convened by President Aristide to prosecute human rights crimes in Haiti. He was Director of the International Human Rights Law Group and Executive Secretary of the International Commission of Jurists.
    [Show full text]
  • Ed^Und Hotman, I 7, /S Dead; 'His
    run wnw vonN rnwnsOBITUARIES MoNDAy,ApRl Ed^und Hotman, I 7, /s Dead; lBrutftr IBruths BAYER-Richord. Died Aprit 15 ot CANICK-Morris. On April 18, 1993. Boyer, Richord 'His the oge of 81. New York Times Beloved husbond of the lote Mino, employee for forly-two yeors in fother of Psul, Peorl, ond Jocob, Beitelmon,Mortin Hunt for,SonInspired Mouie fhe Finonciol Deportmenf. Refired grondfolher of Jonothon; Julio, Bergmon, Horvey 1970.Survived by his wife Siophie Andrew, Thomos, ond Simon. Ser- Blev, of f ifty Veors ond sister Evelyn vices Tuesdoy IPM of "The River- Fvo Piozzo. Services of Andrett side," 76th St. ond Amsterdom. Blum, Violo Funerol Home, New York City. Brodskv, Chorles .' By BRUCE LAMBERT BEITELMAN-Dr. Morlin E. Be. Burdikoff, George loved husbond CfSTERNINO-Nicholo* on April of lrmcr, loving 16,1993, (formerly Burguieres,Dorothy Ed[hund C. Horman, whose crusade fdher of Stuort ond Sydio, cher- of Ossining,NY ished grondfother of the Eronx). Beloved husbond of Conick,Morris of Pomelo ond Dolores; in iniiestigating his son's disappear- Dovi4 beloved brolher of Ruth loving fcfher of Liso Cisternino,Nicholos Pellegrino, Lori Buonoguro, Poul ance gnd death in a Chilean coup was Lone. Services of Beth Dovid Ce- Cole,Alexonder "Missirg," melery, Elmonf, NY, lpm Mondoy Cisfernino ond Louro Donovon. portrayed in the film died Fond brother to Al ond SteVen Dreyfuss, Gerfrude on Fqlday at Mount Sinai Medical Cen- BERGMAN Horvey. Queens Cislernino. Cherishedgrondfofher Evl, Henri Council of B'noi Brith/B'noi of four. Reposing ot Woodlown Brith Finkels?ein,Sol ter. F{ewas 87 and lived in Manhattan.
    [Show full text]
  • History 3711: the Past Is a Predator: Southern Cone Military Juntas of the Late Twentieth Century University of Connecticut Department of History Fall 2013
    History 3711: The Past is a Predator: Southern Cone Military Juntas of the late twentieth century University of Connecticut Department of History Fall 2013 Kim Worthington - [email protected] Office Number: Wood Hall 330 Office hours: Tuesdays, 2-4pm or by appointment Lecture: Tuesdays and Thursdays 12:30-1:45pm, Family Studies Building Room 202 Please note that, for the purposes of obtaining feedback from colleagues, I include notes on my thinking in developing the syllabus in orange font. These do not form part of the syllabus that students are given. This is the lecturer’s copy. This course aims to equip students with a working knowledge of the rise, workings, and ramifications of the military junta governments of the southern cone states of Latin America (Argentina and Chile in particular) from the 1970s on. More importantly the course is designed to challenge students to approach these circumstances from multiple historical perspectives and engage the tools of critical thinking, both in broad terms and with the specificity that situations require. We will use a range of source materials, including documentaries, government reports and memoranda, newspaper articles, historical monographs, personal narratives, fictional representations of historical events (in film), and others. Our focus will be on approaching all sources as historians, with a critical awareness of the current purposes that records and narratives serve, as well as the pasts from which they have emerged. While some scholarly articles are included as readings, the course aims to stimulate students to investigate primary sources themselves, and to shape their own understandings through a range of sources through which the story of the past can be unearthed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Man Who `Knew Too Much
    The Man Who `Knew Too Much By Lewis H. Diuguid HEN A free-spirited American The father, Edmund Harman, 70, a W filmmaker disappeared and later businessman who started his search turned up dead In the aftermath of the more content than most with his gov- 1973 Chilean coup, no one could — or ernment, now declares: would — answer why. But the New York family of Charles "Considering the information I have Herman refused to take "We don't been gathering and what I have seen know" for an answer. Their dogged and heard, the only conclusion I can search, along with recent related devel- drawls that the United States fingered opments, have brought the case to a cli- him." max. What has grown into Horman's ad- At the least, it is now clear that the versary proceeding against the State U.S. and Chilean governments knew a Department is gathering supporters. great deal about Herman's fate at the When a 'former Chilean intelligence time they were telling the family they agent declared recently that he was' knew nothing. That was during the full present when a Chilean general or- month when he was "missing," when dered Charles killed "because he knew the father, full of hope, went to the too much," several U.S. congressmen Santiago soccer stadium where demanded a new investigation. hundreds of prisoners were herded and called for his son to come forward. An Enforced Vacation "This is your father," he shouted over N SEPT. 11, 1973, the day of thi the bullhorn. ''You have nothing to O coup that toppled President Salva- fear." dor Allende's experiment in socialism, But Charles had been dead since the Charles Harman was showing an Amer- day after he was taken off by a uni- ican visitor Chile's seaside resort of formed patrol.
    [Show full text]
  • View Program
    TRIBUTE Charles TO JUSTICE Remembering 40 Years You were the light in a dark tunnel and with the light you became not missing but present Diane Dixon July 2013 MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 2013 NEW YORK CITY Charles Horman Truth Foundation 231 East 76th Street, PH C New York, NY 10023 www.hormantruth.org Photo: Karen Tweedy-Holmes Our Thanks The Charles Horman Truth Foundation wishes to thank our event sponsors: Event space generously donated by Third Church of Christ Scientist, NYC With support from TRIBUTE TO JUSTICE Remembering 40 Years Program WELCOME PRESENTATION OF SPECIAL REMARKS Joyce Horman JUSTICE AWARDS Heraldo Muñoz BLESSING Center for Constitutional Rights Team CLOSING REMARKS Joe Eldridge Peter Weiss Nancy Stearns PERFORMANCE CO-HOSTS John Corwin Claudia Acuña Michael Ratner Rhonda Copelon (posthumously) Amy Goodman Presented by Joyce Horman DINNER Joan Garcés Presented by Patricio Guzmán Judge Baltasar Garzón Real Presented by Costa Gavras Sir Geoffrey Bindman Presented by Joan Jara Peter Kornbluh Presented by Chris Lemmon John O’Leary (posthumously) Presented by Deborah Shaffer Judge Juan Guzmán Tapia Presented by Elizabeth Farnsworth Fabiola Letelier & Sergio Covalan Presented by Joyce Horman T Annie Gregson E N E Eliana Loveluck E T V Ernesto Castillo T E I Ingrid Montealegre M Jill Hamberg M O Jose Matta C Leah Novak Kaye Johnson Lina Srivastava Maryanne Dugan Mary Laird Mishy Lesser Mike Locker Paul Cantor Yvonne Myska Lopaur Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) D S R T Center for Latin American Studies, UC Berkeley (CLAS) A N W Center for Judicial Accountability, San Francisco, CA E A Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) M E La Peña, Berkeley CA S North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA) R O Spanish Association for Human Rights, APDHE D UC Hastings Law School N E Welcome Welcome to the Charles Horman Truth Foundation “Tribute to Justice” dinner.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Kristin Sorensen, Phd Department of International Studies Bentley
    Kristin Sorensen, PhD Department of International Studies Bentley College Mediated discourses of Chilean national hiStor(ies) Interpretations of recent Chilean history are distributed and contested throughout Chile, especially with the assistance of different types of media. In particular, three significant time periods – the democratically-elected socialist government of 1970-1973, General Pinochet’s dictatorship of 1973-1990, and the transition to democracy, beginning in 1990 and continuing to the present, are discussed from distinct perspectives in different forms of media – television, radio, documentaries, feature films, the Internet, and the printed press. Oftentimes, how these stories/histories (in Spanish, the word historia means both story and history) get told is determined by who gets to tell them. In recent years, a larger number of diverse voices have had the opportunity to communicate through the media, but some media are more open to these voices than others. Likewise, different sectors of the Chilean public have various degrees of access to these various types of media. Institutional and socio-economic factors still have a tremendous impact on the circulation of these national histories. Media descriptions of key cultural figures and moments in Chile often reveal the perspective shared by producers of that media. For example, September 11 has been a significant anniversary for Chileans for over thirty years. On that day in 1973, the military coup which ended President Allende’s democratic government took place and began General Pinochet’s dictatorship. During the dictatorship, September 11 was celebrated in the censored media as a day of ‘national salvation’. Today the media includes other interpretations as well that offer a much bleaker interpretation of that historical moment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Charles Horman Revisited: Complication and Conflict Within Declassification
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2015 The Case of Charles Horman Revisited: Complication and Conflict within Declassification Jacob Jose College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, International Relations Commons, Latin American History Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Jose, Jacob, "The Case of Charles Horman Revisited: Complication and Conflict within Declassification" (2015). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 179. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/179 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Case of Charles Horman Revisited: Complication and Conflict within Declassification Jacob Jose Honors Thesis April 13, 2015 1 2 On September 11, 1973, a military junta led by General Augusto Pinochet seized power in Chile, overthrowing the government of socialist president Salvador Allende. In the days that followed, agents of the Chilean junta rounded up, detained, imprisoned, and in many cases executed those perceived to be sympathetic to the former government. In the first two weeks following the coup, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) estimated that the military government executed nearly 2,000 people.1 One victim of this repression was a U.S. citizen, Charles Horman.2 Horman was a journalist and filmmaker who, along with his wife, had settled in Chile in 1972 to witness socialism first-hand.
    [Show full text]