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In the Shadow of Empire and Nation : Chilean Migration to the United
IN THE SHADOW OF EMPIRE AND NATION: CHILEAN MIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1950 By Cristián Alberto Doña Reveco A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Sociology History 2012 ABSTRACT IN THE SHADOW OF EMPIRE AND NATION: CHILEAN MIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1950 By Cristián Alberto Doña Reveco This dissertation deals with how Chilean emigrants who have migrated to the US since the 1950s remember and define their migration decision in connection to changing historical processes in both the country of origin and that of destination. Using mainly oral histories collected from 30 Chileans I compare the processes that led to their migration; their memories of Chile at the time of migration; the arrival to the United States, as well as their intermediate migrations to other countries; their memories of Chile during the visits to the country of origin; and their self identifications with the countries of origin and destination. I also use census data and migration entry data to characterize and analyze the different waves of Chilean migration to the United States. I separate each wave by a major historical moment. The first wave commences at the end of World War II and the beginnings of the Cold War; the second with the military coup of September 11, 1973; the third with the economic crisis of 1982; and the fourth with the return to democratic governments in 1990. Connecting the oral histories, migration data and historiographies to current approaches to migration decision-making, the study of social memory, and the construction of migrant identities, this dissertation explores the interplay of these multiple factors in the social constructions underlying the decisions to migrate. -
JUEZ GUZMAN DA ULTIMATUM a KISSINGER Jorge Escalante, Primera Línea
JUEZ GUZMAN DA ULTIMATUM A KISSINGER Jorge Escalante, Primera Línea El personero norteamericano dijo hace algunas semanas en Estados Unidos que estaría dispuesto a responder preguntas sobre su participación como funcionario de Gobierno en los sucesos del golpe militar en Chile, pero cuestionó que un tribunal norteamericano o de otro país pueda investigar hechos "ocurridos hace tantos años". En un virtual ultimátum y "bajo apercibimiento de dar cuenta a la Excelentísima Corte Suprema" de Estados Unidos, el ministro de fuero Juan Guzmán Tapia le fijó al ex Secretario de Estado norteamericano Henry Kissinger, un plazo de 40 días para que finalmente responda el exhorto que le envió en julio de 2001 con las 17 preguntas acerca de su conocimiento en ese cargo en septiembre de 1973, sobre la ejecución en Chile del periodista estadounidense Charles Horman Lazar. El ministro Guzmán solicitó ayer en un escrito al presidente de la Corte Suprema de Chile, Mario Garrido, para que éste de curso por la vía diplomática al oficio Número 554-2002, por el cual advirtió a Kissinger del plazo fijado y de las consecuencias que deberá asumir si insiste en no responder el exhorto con las 17 preguntas que le fueron formuladas el 12 de julio de 2001. Kissinger dijo hace algunas semanas en Estados Unidos que estaría dispuesto a responder preguntas sobre su participación como Secretario de Estado en los sucesos del golpe militar en Chile, pero cuestionó que un tribunal norteamericano o de otro país -Francia y Argentina también lo han exhortado a responder por desaparecidos de la Operación Cóndor- pueda investigar hechos "ocurridos hace tantos años". -
Kessler, Judd.Docx
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project JUDD KESSLER Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 19, 2010 Copyright 2015 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Newark, New Jersey March 1938 Grandparents’ Generation – Eastern Europe, Latvia Parents Occupations Vibrant Neighborhood Education Oberlin College, Ohio President of Student Council Levels of Anti-Semitism Harvard Law Favorite Professor Henry Hart, Jr. Law Office Internship Army Reserve Sojourn to Europe Return to Law Office Joined Agency for International Development October 1966 East Asia Bureau Attorney Advisor Philippine cement plant negotiations Latin America Bureau Negotiating loan agreements Chile, Regional Legal Advisor Spring 1969 Spanish Language Training Also covered Argentina, Bolivia Allende Wins Election Loan Management Difference White House and Embassy/AID Approach View of Christian Democrats Nationalization Changes Kessler’s Focus Role of OPIC Insurance Ambassador Korry’s Cables on Allende 1 Negative Embassy Reporting Ambassador Korry Tries to Negotiate Nationalizations Ambassador Nathanial Davis Arrives at Post October 1971 Chilean Economic Problems, Political Tension Appointed Acting AID Director April 1973 Coup Overthrows Allende Sept 1973 Post-Coup search for Charles Horman Post-Coup Economic Policies Human Rights Circumstances Ambassador David Popper Arrives at Post Feb 1974 Stories of Allende’s Death Senator Kennedy’s Interest in A Nutritionist Supporting the Chicago Boys Undersecretary -
CIA), Oct 1997-Jan 1999
Description of document: FOIA Request Log for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Oct 1997-Jan 1999 Requested date: 2012 Released date: 2012 Posted date: 08-October-2018 Source of document: FOIA Request Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1998 Case Log Creation Date Case Number Case Subject 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02319 FOIA REQUEST VIETNAM CONFLICT ERA 1961 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02320 FOIA REQUEST PROFESSOR ZELLIG S. HARRIS FOIA REQUEST FOR MEETING MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE COORDINATING COMMITTEE 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02321 (PDCC) 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02322 FOIA REQUEST RE OSS REPORTS AND PAPERS BETWEEN ALLEN DULLES AND MARY BANCROFT 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02323 FOIA REQUEST CIA FOIA GUIDES AND INDEX TO CIA INFORMATION SYSTEMS 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02324 FOIA REQUEST FOR INFO ON SELF 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02325 FOIA REQUEST ON RAOUL WALLENBERG 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02326 FOIA REQUEST RE RAYMOND L. -
Fabricating Terrorism British Complicity in Renditions and Torture TABLE of CONTENTS
Fabricating Terrorism British Complicity in Renditions and Torture TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD by Geoffrey Bindman....................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................4 British Complicity in Rendition and Torture Overview....................................................................................7 PART ONE - RENDITIONS ....................................................................................................................................10 1. Definitions........................................................................................................................................................10 2. The responsibilities of British authorities........................................................................................................14 3. Case studies ..................................................................................................................................................21 Case 1 - Binyam Mohammed Al Habashi ......................................................................................................21 Case 2 - Jamal Al Harith ..................................................................................................................................24 Case 3 - Jamil El Banna and Bisher Al Rawi ..................................................................................................26 -
KISSINGER, OPERACIÓN CÓNDOR, PINOCHET by George Venturini *
THE FIRST 9/11 – KISSINGER, OPERACIÓN CÓNDOR, PINOCHET by George Venturini * The first 9/11 occurred in 1973 in Santiago, Chile and places nearby. President Richard Milhous Nixon and Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger were the instigators, General Augusto Pinochet simply the executioner. The United States has been interfering with Chile since the arrival of Joel Roberts Poinsett as ‘special agent’ in 1811. The story of the first 9/11 began, most likely, on 15 September 1970 when Nixon and his consiglieri: Richard Helms, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and Kissinger, National Security Adviser were discussing a possible C.I.A. covert operation in Chile. Media sources confirmed that Nixon had been nearly beside himself with rage at the thought that ‘Marxist’ Salvador Allende might win the 1970 presidential election in Chile. The very name of Allende was anathema to Nixon. He had been personally beholden to the president of Pepsi Cola from the moment he had received that corporation’s account while a young lawyer with John Mitchell’s firm in New York. In time Mitchell would share with Nixon the fate of Watergate and other crimes. But, after the ‘Watergate’ affaires, only Mitchell ended up in gaol for conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury. Pepsi Cola, along with Chase Manhattan Bank, International Telephone & Telegraph and many other corporations, but above all Anaconda Copper Mining Co. and Kennecott Copper Co., had huge investments in Chile. It is estimated that in the early seventies those two major mining corporations alone controlled between seven and twenty per cent of Chile’s Gross Domestic Product. -
Killers of IWW Member Frank Teruggi Sentenced in Chile
Killers of IWW member Frank Teruggi sentenced in Chile In February 2015, two former Chilean military intelligence officers were convicted of the murder of IWW member Teruggi and another American, Charles Horman. Teruggi and Horman were kidnapped, tortured and murdered during the military coup in Chile in 1973. Frank Teruggi, an IWW member from Chicago and a native of Des Plaines, Ill., was kidnapped, tortured and murdered during the military coup in Chile in 1973. On Feb. 4, 2015 two Chilean military intelligence officers were convicted of the murder of Fellow Worker (FW) Teruggi and another American, Charles Horman. Brigadier General Pedro Espinoza was sentenced to seven years in the killings of both men. Rafael González, who worked for Chilean Air Force Intelligence as a “civilian counterintelligence agent,” was sentenced to two years in the Horman murder only. Espinoza is currently serving multiple sentences for other human rights crimes as well. A third indicted man, U.S. Naval Captain Ray Davis, head of the U.S. Military Group at the U.S. Embassy in Santiago at the time of the coup, has since died. Teruggi, 24, and Horman, 31, had gone to Chile to see and experience the new socialist government of President Salvador Allende. FW Terrugi participated in protest marches in Santiago following the unsuccessful June 1973 military attempt referred to as the “Tanquetazo” or “Tancazo.” FBI documents show that the agency monitored him, labeling him a “subversive” due to his anti-Vietnam war activities, and participation in assisting draft evaders. FBI files also list his street address in Santiago. -
US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 3-2012 US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations Rachael S. Murdock DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Murdock, Rachael S., "US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations" (2012). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 115. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/115 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. US FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CHILE DURING THE NIXON AND FORD ADMINISTRATIONS A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts March 2012 BY Rachael Murdock Department of International Studies College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences DePaul University Chicago, IL i DEDICATION To my family, whose encouragement and support were essential to the completion of this project. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A very hearty thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. Rose Spalding, Professor of Political Science at DePaul University. Her patience, guidance, encouragement, insight as she mentored me through the thesis process were indispensible. Great thanks also to Dr. Patrick Callahan, Professor of Political Science at DePaul. He provided vital insight and guidance in developing Chapter Two of this thesis and offered excellent input on later drafts of both Chapters One and Two. -
Que, Se Inició Este Proceso a Fin De Investigar La Existencia De Dos D
Santiago, nueve de enero de dos mil quince. Vistos: Que, se inició este proceso a fin de investigar la existencia de dos delitos de homicidio calificado, previstos en el artículo 391 N° 1, circunstancia primera, del Código Penal, en las personas de las víctimas Charles Edmund Horman Lazar y Frank Randall Teruggi Bombatch, respectivamente; y, asimismo, a fin de indagar la concurrencia en ellos en calidad de cómplice de Rafael Agustín González Berdugo, determinadamente, en el delito de homicidio calificado en la persona de Charles Edmund Horman Lazar; y en calidad de autor de Pedro Octavio Espinoza Bravo, este último, en los delitos de homicidio calificado en las personas de Charles Edmund Horman Lazar y de Frank Randall Teruggi Bombatch, respectivamente. Tomo I La investigación penal comienza con la querella de fojas 49, interpuesta por la señora Joyce Hamren Horman, por los delitos de secuestro, homicidio calificado, torturas, inhumación y exhumaciones ilegales y asociación ilícita, cometidos en la persona de su cónyuge Charles Edmund Horman Lazar; según expresa la querella Charles Edmund Horman Lazar fue ejecutado extrajudicialmente por militares del Ejército de Chile, en el mes de septiembre de l973, en el Estadio Nacional en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. A fojas 107, rola traducción auténtica de certificado de nacimiento de Charles Edmund Horman; A fojas 118, rola traducción auténtica de informe preliminar de defunción de Charles Edmund Horman; A fojas 128, rola traducción auténtica correspondiente a informe de autopsia de la misma -
Removing the Silencer from the Gun: Women Creating a Collective Voice Against the Pinochet Dictatorship
Florida Atlantic Comparative Studies Journal Volume 12 • 2010-2011 Removing the Silencer from the Gun: Women Creating a Collective Voice against the Pinochet Dictatorship By Julie Hector In this essay, I propose to explore several ways in which women spoke out against the dictatorship. This subject has been the focus of films and literature. First, I will examine it from a North American woman’s point of view, as Beth Horman struggles to find out the truth about her missing husband in the film Missing. Then I will explore how Isabel Allende raised consciousness through her novel Of Love and Shadows. This book incorporates an actual event that occurred in Chile on November 30, 1978, when the remains of fifteen bodies were discovered in what had formerly been kilns in the countryside outside of Santiago in the village of Lonquén. Next, I will discuss the role of Ariel Dorfman’s controversial play Death and the Maiden, who contributed a voice for many through his female protagonist, Paulina. Then I will take to the streets and meet the arpilleristas, who through their traditional tapestries, or arpilleras, have elevated consciousness throughout the world renouncing the crimes committed by the Pinochet dictatorship. Thus the presences and absences embodied in sources (artifacts and bodies that turn an event into fact) or archives (facts collected, thematized, and processed as documents and monuments) are neither neutral or natural. They are created. As such, they are not mere presences and absences, but mentions of silences of various kinds and degrees. By silence, I mean an active and transitive process: one “silences” a fact or an individual as a silencer silences a gun.. -
Transcript: Confronting Challenges to the Pinochet Precedent
*TRANSCRIPT* Confronting Challenges to the Pinochet Precedent And the Globalization of Justice A roundtable discussion sponsored by the American University Washington College of Law Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law and the Institute for Policy Studies February 3, 2004 3:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. American University Washington College of Law, Rm. 603 Washington, D.C. Special thanks to IPS interns Elinor Douglass and Andrea Phillips for transcribing assistance. For more information on the Washington College of Law or the Institute for Policy Studies’ Pinochet Case Project, see: <www.wcl.american.edu>, <www.tni.org/pinochet>, <www.ips-dc.org> PARTICIPANT BIOS Reed Brody, Esq.: Reed Brody is Special Counsel for Prosecutions at Human Rights Watch. He initiated and coordinates the prosecution in Senegal of the former dictator of Chad, Hissène Habré. He directed HRW’s intervention in the case of Augusto Pinochet in Britain’s House of Lords. Mr. Brody teaches a class on accountability for atrocities at Columbia Law School. He is co-editor of The Pinochet Papers: The Case of Augusto Pinochet in the British and Spanish Courts (Kluwer, 2000) and author of HRW’s The Pinochet Precedent: How Victims Can Pursue Human Rights Criminals Abroad (2000). Previously, he led United Nations teams investigating massacres in the Democratic Republic of Congo and observing human rights in El Salvador. In 1995-1996, he coordinated an international legal team convened by President Aristide to prosecute human rights crimes in Haiti. He was Director of the International Human Rights Law Group and Executive Secretary of the International Commission of Jurists. -
Portrait in Sepia (Questions)
Portrait in Sepia (Questions) 1. Allende opens her novel with a striking image: a large, ornate bed which Paulina del Valle orders to be paraded through the streets of San Francisco in an attempt to humiliate her husband and his mistress. When and how does the image of this bed recur throughout the story? What do you think it symbolizes? 2. How does Allende contrast the cultures of San Francisco, Chinatown and Chile? How do the strict religious and cultural traditions of Chile contrast with the chaotic, vibrant life of a growing American city? Which seems a better place to raise a child? 3. In Paulina del Valle, Allende has created a richly complex character, as despised as she is loved, as self-absorbed as she is generous. What do you think of Paulina? Do you think she provided Aurora with a better environment than Eliza could have? How does she serve as a model for modern women, and how does she represent the traditional world of 19th century Chile? 4. Aurora is raised in a wealthy Chilean household surrounded by people who love and care for her. Yet her past -- and therefore her true identity -- remain a secret. Do you feel sorry for Aurora? Do you think she would have been shocked to know the details of her birth? How important is it to know where we came from, and who our parents are? 5. Aurora del Valle is three-quarters Chilean and one-eighth Chinese and one- eighth English. How do these multi-cultural origins emerge in her personality? What effect does your own ethnic background have on your life today? In a country that prides itself on its multi-culturalism, how important is it for us to preserve the traditions and beliefs of our heritage? 6.