Geography and Environmental Planning Journal 23rd Year, vol. 47, No.3, Autumn 2012 ISSN (Online): 2252-0848 ISSN (Print): 2008-5354 http://uijs.ui.ac.ir/gep
Position analysis of Shahriar official city based on passive defense principles
H. Kamran. H. Hosaini Amini Received: May 21, 2011 / Accepted: December 13, 2011, 41-44 P
Extended abstract unique geopolitical, geostrategic, geo- 1- Introduction economic opportunities, applying a The issue of passive defense has a long defensive consideration in urban history especially in construction of urban development is very important. In this spaces as well as public buildings. The study, hazard zones in the country were accuracy of this claim can be found in identified and also sensitive buildings of Initial wars of Islam and defensive measures such as digging ditches, making Shahriyar were determined. Doing so, we a fort. Considering the improvement in can prevent financial and physical technology and its effect on the damages, of parts which are more prone development of WMD, the need for to damage, before the occurrence of war. improvement in considerations of passive defense for reducing casualties of war is 2- Methodology more felt. Since Iran is a country with This study is applied and the general strategic objectives and strategies such as: approach is descriptive-analytical. The authoritarianism, self-seeking, studied area is the zone of Shahriar in preservation of territorial integrity, Archivegeneral of and itsSID official area in particular political independence, the pattern of local development, etc. and also due its and the population was a number of location in the Middle East and having experts in the public sector (municipalities), private sector Author(s) (consulting engineers and engineering
H. Kamran offices), government sector (Government Associate Professor of Political Geography, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran agencies) and the public. H. Hosaini Amini( ) In order to better recognize the current MA in Geography and Urban Planning, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran status and understand the necessity to e-mail: [email protected] investigate the passive defense
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42 Geography and Environmental Planning, 23rd Year, vol. 47, No. 3, Autumn 2012 preparations, raw data were collected obtained, we can notice the significance from the latest census of the country in of the centers of this area and we can 2006 and considering the comprehensive investigate the application of passive studies of Shahriar and getting the defense principles in these centers. The relevant maps from the urbanization and passive defense principles include: housing ministry, the location of the downsizing, dispersion, locating, official cite of Shariar was determined in decentralization, camouflage, strength, natural, economic and social dimensions coverage, land preparation, defense and finally, using the matrix table, preparation, deception, cover, etc. It can different levels of decision-making be claimed that passive defense principles process in devising developmental were not considered in Shahriar official projects were specified and presented. cite and what is more important in urban passive defense is downsizing, dispersion, 3- Discussion locating, and decentralization. Assessing Shahriar official city based Considering the aggregation of all official on passive defense principles units in this town, the town in its entreaty After having matrix stage and composes a unique goal for the enemy, assessing all internal centers and the that if regulated, dispersion, official region and based on the results decentralization and passive defense obtained, we found that 7 areas of the principles egress from a unique goal and town center have vital importance in they form defense urbanization. Based on Shahriar, 14 areas have sensitive the findings of the study, the weaknesses importance and ultimately, 25 centers are of this town in comparison to passive important. Thus, based on the results defense principles are as follows:
Weaknesses of passive defense Passive defense principles The current status of Shahriar official city Downsizing Mass construction dispersion Accumulation locating No Decentralization Intense focus Camouflage Easy to access and view Strength Average CoverageArchive Easy to accessof and view SID land preparation No defense preparation No Deception No Cover No Source: Author's
Thus, the only positive point or only the interviews and field studies, it was the main objective which resulted in the revealed that in the past, due to the aggregation of these centers in one town dispersion of each center in different is the easy access for public and based on areas of the city, accessing them was
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Geography and Environmental Planning, 23rd Year, vol. 47, No. 3, Autumn 2012 43 rather time-consuming considering the References distance. While, with the accumulation of Ahmarlouei, M. H. (2010). Passive these centers in one area, their defense in early wars. Farabi faculty, accessibility is easier in terms of traffic Tehran. and time. Esmaeili, M. (2008). Passive defense: a vital approach in organizing centers 4- Conclusion and urban skeleton. Congress on Shahriar is a city of the Tehran location information and urban province and is situated in its west part. It integrative management. has wide fertile lands and gardens and in Asgharian, A. (2004). Architectural addition to the juncture role, it is a necessities in sustainable passive dormitory, service provider and a good defense. Shahid Beheshti University, kitchen garden for Tehran and near cities. Architecture and Urbanization faculty. Thus, paying special attention to citizens E temad, S. (1992). Urbanization and and their service needs, user distribution defense: Modern cities of new approach and sensitive and important urbanization culture. Articles on facilities should not be ignored by construction company of new cities, planners. Thus, in this attempt, focusing Tehran. on comprehensive studies on Shahriar and Bidi, A. A. (2010). Principles and basics field studies, we try to identify important, of passive defense in national safety, sensitive and vital objectives of the city. Farabi Faculty, Tehran. Considering the input and output of the Takhti, B. (2006). The role of defenseless matrix table, the main areas of the city urban areas in reducing safety feeling which should be decentralized include: of citizens. Revolution and housing Governor (86 points), the gas office Quarterly, 115. (86 points), Tehran South West Water (78 Rahnamaee, M. T. et al. (2005). Urban points), gasoline stations (78 points), planning process of Iran. Samt Army Barracks (Kalhor) (78 points), Publication. water and sanitation (75 points), police Saeed, A. (2009). Urban and rural (74 points). And it is suggested that each management diploma. Municipalities of these centers be transferred to one of organization of Tehran. the surrounding areas of Shahriar Sarvar, R. (2000). Applied geography and including Vahidieh,Archive Ferdosieh, Andishe, oforganizing SID activation system with Baghestan, Akhtarabad, Ja farie, guiding-constructive approach in Amirieh, Fararat and etc. It is emphasized regional areas, Geographical research. that considering the high cost of this Shad, M. (2007). Basic theories of centralization, the vital areas be architecture in passive defense, Iran transferred in the first stage and in order constructive advisor, Tehran. to pass the crisis. Norouzi, M. T. (2007). Guiding document Key words: Passive defense, hazard of country's passive defense. zoning, Official City, Shahriar Ziari, K. (2001). Defense planning and urban shelter, Sofe Magazine, 32, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran.
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44 Geography and Environmental Planning, 23rd Year, vol. 47, No. 3, Autumn 2012
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