ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Cover: Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum 1

An enduring and vibrant memory

Shoah survivor and Nobel prizewinner Elie Wiesel passed away on July 2, 2016 at the age of 87. Like Primo Levi and Imre Kertész, he was one of the most important advocates for the memory of the Shoah. Marked by his expe- rience in the camps and deeply imbued with the principles of Judaism, he was a leading moral figure of our time.

Like the late Samuel Pisar, Elie Wiesel had been a member of the Board of Administration of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah. Their commitment to transmitting the memory of Jewish cultures was a role model for us. Remembering the plight of exterminated Jews and promoting their culture today are the two essential principles that guide our initiatives. They are inseparable from our mission.

The memory embodied by Elie Wiesel and Samuel Pisar, the memory that we defend, is not an endless and sterile rumination on the past—quite the oppo- site, it is instead alive and vibrant. It compels us to participate in struggles for human dignity and to fight against the scourge of indifference.

Rather than seeking repentance, we aim to defend the truth against those who preach hate and deny genocide. The truth is the very foundation of our democracies, the basis for the dialogue on which they depend. It is also crucial to maintain a critical viewpoint by remembering the genocides that represent the deepest wounds that humanity has inflicted upon itself.

Over and beyond the Shoah, the unique history of the Jewish people holds universal lessons. Supporting Jewish studies and education also helps to transmit this millennia-old message. A message that can be summed up in a biblical message: "You shall choose life."

David de Rothschild, President of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah Our priority: the younger generation and their future

The year 2016 saw an increase in the Foundation’s activity. The number of projects we supported rose by 23 percent, but our financial resources did not increase enough to match the financial assistance we granted. In keeping with the recommendations of the Financial Committee, the Foundation’s Board of Directors opted for greater fiscal prudence. Given the current economic situation and our moral obligations, we therefore decided to protect the resources slated for the safety of Jewish institutions and those allocated to assist Shoah survivors. While this reflects a certain moderation, this budgetary policy leaves us with sufficient leeway to continue our support for projects demonstrating excellence, in 2017 and beyond.

The Foundation’s endowment is managed in a rigorous and responsive manner, under the guidance of financial experts who volunteer their expertise on behalf of our missions. We would especially like to thank Roger Cukierman, who has been working with us from the beginning, as well as Raphaël Hadas-Lebel, another longstanding friend of the Foundation, who has agreed to replace him as Treasurer. It is through the commitment of all its volunteers and permanent staff that the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah has become a strong, dynamic institution—and intends to remain so.

We will pursue our fundamental work in the sectors of education, transmission of historical knowledge and research. We are always excited to receive new and innovative projects in all our fields of activity, notably in the fight against anti-Semitism and efforts to promote intercultural dialogue. We may reach a wide public, but our priority remains, more than ever, the youth of France and its future.

Philippe Allouche, Executive Director of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah 3

The Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

The Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah was created in 2000 in recognition of the French government’s responsibility in the Shoah.

The FMS is a private and public-interest foundation. The initial endowment of €393 million came from the restitution by the government and certain financial institutions of dormant accounts from expropriated Jews living in France who were killed during the Holocaust.

With the funds generated by this endowment, the Foundation subsidizes the Shoah Memorial (in Paris and in Drancy); supports projects expanding knowledge about the Shoah; provides assistance to survivors in need; encourages the transmission of Jewish culture; and combats anti-Semitism by facilitating intercultural dialogue. 4 Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

More than 3,600 projects financed

Since its creation, the Foundation to be provided. The Financial for the Memory of the Shoah has Committee, chaired by a magistrate financed almost 3,600 projects. from the French Court of Auditors, ensures the preservation of the All projects submitted to the endowment and monitors the use Foundation are evaluated of funds. independently, then examined by six thematic committees (History of Anti-Semitism and the Shoah, Support, listening, guidance Memory and Transmission, Shoah Education, Jewish Culture, Solidarity, and Combating anti-Semitism and Examination of the project Support for Intercultural Dialogue) made up of volunteer experts. Independent expertise

Projects recommended by the Committee’s opinion committees are submitted to the Foundation’s Executive Board Decision to allocate funds and the Board of Directors, which determine which projects will be supported as well as the assistance Project follow-up and assessment

• Number of projects handled by the Foundation

Projects accepted Projects rejected or not followed up

252 327 265

105 80 77

2014: 357 2015: 345 2016: 404 5

€26 million allocated in 2016

More than €16 million went to • Evolution in the 327 projects in 2016, representing 61 percent of the Foundation’s Foundation’s funding funding budget (see details on pp. 6 and 7). €6,988,810 €3,393,228 26% 13% The Foundation is also the primary funding source for the Shoah Memorial. It covers roughly 70 percent of its operating and investment budget. In 2016, this represented almost €7 million. Additional financing was provided for specific projects such as the €16,010,999 program of educational trips 61% coordinated by the Memorial, and 2016: €26,393,037 cataloguing and digitizing the Memorial’s archives. €8,375,000 €3,393,228 The Foundation fully finances the 38% 15% investment and operations for the Drancy Shoah Memorial. In addition, the Foundation pursues a policy of keeping operating costs under control; these represent 8.5 percent of its total budget. €10,339,230 47% 2015: €22,107,458

€6,993,602 €3,393,228 29% 14%

Shoah Memorial in Paris (operation and investments)

Shoah Memorial in Drancy (operation and investments)

€13,911,841 Subsidies for projects 57% 2014: €24,298,671 6 Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

Breakdown of projects supported in 2016

• Breakdown of projects per committee

History of Anti-Semitism Memory and and the Shoah Transmission 42 projects | 13% 47 projects | 14%

Combating Anti-Semitism 23 projects | 7%

Solidarity 327 projets 29 projects | 9%

Jewish Culture – Direct supports 74 projects | 23% Shoah Education 95 projects | 29% – Gordin Foundation* 17 projects | 5%

In 2016, 27 researchers received The Foundation directly funded grants or support for research. The 74 educational trips to memory sites History of Anti-Semitism and the in France and in Europe. At the same Shoah Committee also funds the time, it financed the travel program publication of reference works. coordinated by the Shoah Memorial, in partnership with 6 regions and 10 The Memory and Transmission regional educational authorities. This Committee supported Yad program represents more than half Vashem’s efforts to collect the of the funding allocated for Shoah names of Polish victims of the Education. Shoah. It provided funding to Yahad-In Unum, an organization For Jewish Culture, in 2016 the that records witness accounts Foundation renewed the three-year of shootings of Jews in Eastern framework agreement with the Europe. In addition, 12 films and Israelite Central Consistory of 7 plays received grants. France (Consistoire Central Israélite 7

• Breakdown of funds per committee

History of Memory and Transmission Anti-Semitism €1,031,275 | 6% and the Shoah

€450,110 | 3% Shoah Education €1,133,183 | 7% Combating Anti-Semitism Jewish Culture €2,557,921 | 16% 16 010 999 € – Direct supports €3,807,910 | 24% – Gordin Foundation* €3,494,000 | 22%

Solidarity €3,536,600 | 22%

* FMS’s participation in the projects financed by the Gordin Foundation.

de France, see p. 12). It helped Concerning Solidarity for Shoah finance the construction of the survivors, in 2016 the Foundation European Center for Judaism in renewed its support for Casip-Cojasor, Paris and supported some the Rothschild Foundation, Adiam 20 training, educational and youth and the Israeli association Latet. projects. Finally, the Foundation contributes to the combat against anti-Semitism In 2016, the FMS’s support for and to fostering intercultural the Gordin Foundation (cf. p. 12) dialogue. In 2016, it renewed its has increased. Sixteen grants and three-year framework agreement loans were given to Jewish schools with the CRIF and reiterated its to finance construction work. A support for the Jewish Community scholarship fund was created for Protection Service (Service de schools that accept families in Protection de la Communauté Juive, difficult financial situations. SPCJ). 8 Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

Organization

Honorary President Representatives from Representatives Éric de Rothschild Simone Veil public authorities from Jewish President of the Shoah Memorial EXECUTIVE BOARD Myriam Achari institutions in Director of Memory, France Pierre-François Veil President Heritage and Archives, President of the French David de Rothschild Ministry of the Armed Marc Eisenberg Committee for Yad Vashem Vice-presidents Forces President of the Alliance Israélite Universelle Raphaël Esrail François Bernard Qualified Richard Prasquier Honorary Conseiller d’Etat, Raphaël Esrail personalities Treasurer Ministry of Justice President of the Auschwitz Claire Andrieu Raphaël Hadas-Lebel Gilles Braun Survivors’ Union Historian, university (Roger Cukierman Inspector General for professor until December 2016) National Education, Ariel Goldmann Secretary General Raphaël Hadas-Lebel Ministry of National President of the United Honorary Conseiller d’Etat Alice Tajchman Education Jewish Social Fund (FSJU) Simone Halberstadt Éric de Rothschild Thomas Campeaux Jean-François Harari Director of Civil Liberties Producer Advisor to the Guthmann and Legal Affairs, President Ministry of the Interior President of the Œuvre de Patrick Kron Serge Klarsfeld secours aux enfants (OSE) President of Truffle Capital François Croquette David de Rothschild Francis Kalifat Ambassador for Human President of Rothschild & Cie Rights for Shoah issues, President of the expropriations and the duty Representative Council of Alice Tajchman Honorary university lecturer BOARD OF DIRECTORS of memory, Ministry for Jewish Institutions in France AS OF 01/06/2017 Europe and Foreign Affairs (CRIF) Annette Wieviorka Historian, Emeritus Research Norbert Engel Honorary members Serge Klarsfeld Director at the CNRS Inspector General for Claude Lanzmann Cultural Affairs, Ministry President of the Association Filmmaker, author of Culture of Sons and Daughters of Jews Deported from France Paul Schaffer Pierre Lubek Honorary President of the Honorary Financial Joël Mergui French Commitee for Yad Inspector, Ministry of President of the Central Vashem Economy and Finance Consistory of France Ady Steg Isabelle Yeni Honorary President of the Inspector General for Richard Prasquier Alliance Israélite Social Affairs, Ministry for Honorary president of Universelle Solidarity and Health the CRIF

STAFF Program associates Philippe Weyl Régine Socquet "Testimonies of the Shoah" History of Anti-Semitism and Directors Isabelle Cohen series the Shoah, Jewish Culture, hilippe Memory and Transmission, P Pierre Marquis llouche Combating Anti-Semitism Combating Anti-Semitism A Rachel Matalon and Support for Executive Director Communication and Support for Intercultural Intercultural Dialogue Dialogue Gabrielle Assistants Judith Cytrynowicz Gladys Sroussi Rochmann Audrey Mayer Jewish Culture, Deputy Director Memory and Transmission Administration, logistics, Gordin Foundation Rachel Rimmer external relations, Solidarity Patrick Solidarity Benarouch Yanique Mervius Administrative and Dominique Trimbur Administration, Shoah Financial Director History of Anti-Semitism Education and the Shoah, Joëlle Sebbah Shoah Education Accounts 9

SHOAH MEMORIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PARTNERSHIPS 10 Shoah Memorial and Institutional Partnerships

Permanent support for the Shoah Memorial

The Shoah Memorial is the leading The Memorial is also an educational partner of the Foundation for and training site recognized by the the Memory of the Shoah. Thanks Ministry of National Education and to permanent support from the the Interministerial delegation to Foundation, the Memorial has combat racism, anti-Semitism and been able to develop and host hate for LGBTs. an increasing number of visitors (individuals, school groups, It hosts many groups of researchers, etc.). schoolchildren and organizes study trips to Shoah sites; in addition, it The FMS also funded the renovation offers training sessions for teachers. and expansion of the Memorial, the Other professionals (police officers, construction of the Wall of Names judges, etc.) can also follow specific bearing the names of the 76,000 training programs. Jews deported from France, and that of the Wall of the Righteous. The In conjunction with its permanent exhibition, the Memorial presented Shoah Memorial has an exceptional a temporary exhibition in 2016 archival collection that is constantly entitled "After the Shoah. Survivors growing and is available to and Refugees (1944-1947)" and researchers. two other exhibitions: "Women in the Resistance" and "The first Genocide of the 20th century. Herero and Nama in German South West Africa, 1904-1908." Alongside these exhibitions, the Memorial presented an extensive and thorough cultural program (films, lectures, conferences).

key figures 2016

188,000 visitors to the Shoah Memorial in Paris and 24,000 in Drancy 46,000 visits by schoolchildren 4,100 teachers trained 26 traveling exhibitions held in 97 places 11

The Shoah Memorial in Paris.

The Shoah Memorial in Drancy Constructed on the initiative of and with funds from the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah, the Drancy Memorial stands opposite the Cité de la Muette, the location of the Drancy internment camp—the antechamber of death for 63,000 of the 76,000 Jews deported from France. A counterpart to the Shoah Memorial in Paris, the Drancy Memorial is an opportunity for the public to discover the site of the former camp and explore its history through an interactive exhibition. Built on land donated by the town of Drancy, this memorial was designed by the architect Roger Diener. It has a documentation center, a conference room and classrooms for groups. It is run by staff from the Shoah Memorial and financed by the Foundation. 12 Shoah Memorial and Institutional Partnerships

Institutional partnerships

The Foundation for the Memory of in close cooperation with public the Shoah supports the three major authorities, oversees security in federative institutions of French Jewish schools, religious sites and Judaism—the Unified Jewish Social community institutions. Fund (Fonds Social Juif Unifié, The FMS is a partner in the National FSJU), the Representative Council of Competition on the Resistance and (Conseil French Jewish Institutions Deportation (Concours National de Représentatif des Institutions Juives la Résistance et de la Déportation, de France, CRIF) and the Central CNRD), along with the Ministry of Consistory (Consistoire Central)— National Education, the Ministry as part of a multiannual project of Armed Forces and four other framework. major foundations that focus on the The agreement with the FSJU memory of World War II. Since 1961, includes both social and cultural the CNRD has brought together aspects (such as the online Akadem 40,000 middle school and first-year campus). The agreement with the high school students every year. CRIF focuses on the particular issue The Foundation is part of of combating anti-Semitism, whereas the International Holocaust the one with the Consistory deals Remembrance Alliance. This with education, the development intergovernmental institution of programs for youth and the includes 31 member countries and improvement of rabbinical training. 11 observer states. It promotes research, education and memorial In addition, the Foundation is one initiatives concerning the Shoah. of the main contributors to the Jewish Community Protection The Foundation for the Memory of Service (Service de Protection des the Shoah is a member of the French la Communauté Juive, SPCJ), which, Foundation Center.

The Gordin Foundation for school buildings The Rachel and Jacob Gordin Foundation was created in 2008 to help finance building projects for Jewish schools: acquisition of buildings, extensions, upgrading work to meet standards. Housed by the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah, the Gordin Foundation brings together the FSJU, the Harevim Fund, the Rothschild Foundation, the Sacta-Rashi Foundation and the FMS. It supports Jewish schools by allocating grants and loans. A specific fund was created to help schools accommodate new students arriving from the public sector, whose families are having difficulties paying the school fees. This is in addition to the Latalmid fund that helps to pay for school lunches (cf. List of projects supported in 2016, p. 40). COMMITTEE HISTORY OF ANTI-SEMITISM AND THE SHOAH

President Annette Wieviorka

Committee members Henriette-Rika Benveniste Patrick Cabanel Denis Charbit Catherine Coquio Anny Dayan-Rosenman Monique Leblois-Péchon Michael Marrus Stefan Martens Claude Singer Jean-Charles Szurek Claire Zalc

Program associate Dominique Trimbur 14 History of Anti-Semitism and the Shoah

Support for research

The Foundation supports research The Foundation awards doctoral and on anti-Semitic persecution, the postdoctoral grants and provides Shoah and other genocides. funding for research trips and conferences. It also contributes to It also supports research in other disciplines such as literature, the dissemination of knowledge sociology, philosophy, art history, via funding for publications and political science and the law. translations. Finally, it participates in the conservation and exploitation of archives.

Pursuing the history of Jewish women in France

In partnership with the Institut Émilie du Châtelet, the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah supports research on the history of Jewish women in France during World War II and the long postwar period (1939 to the late 1950s). Since 2015, it has been offering two grants—one doctoral, one postdoctoral—to researchers in any discipline working on this subject. bringing out issues and discussing A seminar was held in January professional outlets. It can be 2017; it presented the vast wealth consulted online at of available sources while while www.akadem.org.

Our committee will pay close attention to new research subjects and to promoting the dissemination of research findings beyond academic milieus. ” Annette Wieviorka, “ President of the History of Anti-Semitism and the Shoah Committee 15

Some were placed in the collections In search of looted or of public libraries. stolen libraries Researchers and librarians are in the process of identifying collections that have not been returned and The scope of the pillaging and theft searching for them throughout all of of libraries by the Nazis during Europe. As part of her research, and World War II has received little with support from the Foundation, attention. In France, some 5 million Martine Poulain has created a data books and graphic material were base that contains the lists of more stolen from their owners: from than 2,000 people and over 400 ministries and libraries—notably institutions concerned by this issue Jewish and Slavic—as well as from in France. In March of 2017, an people in radical circles, socialists, international conference was held communists and Freemasons. at the Bibliothèque Nationale and Starting in mid-1942, in conjunction the Bibliothèque Universitaire des with the organization of the “final Langues et Civilisations, in Paris. solution,” Jewish apartments were Organized by the Centre Gabriel plundered, as part of the “Furniture Naudé of the École Nationale Action” (Möbel-Aktion). This Supérieure des Sciences de operation affected tens of thousands l’Information et des Bibliothèques, of Jewish families in Western the Institut d’Histoire du Temps Europe. Despite postwar restitution, Présent and the Université Paris- many works were never returned Diderot, this conference received to their rightful owners, when they support from the Foundation for the survived, or to their descendants. Memory of the Shoah.

Looted books in a warehouse in Offenbach, Germany, 1946. 16 History of Anti-Semitism and the Shoah Projects supported

> Doctoral grants Roman Karmen, the Soviet vulgate of history. We must find the courage to rescue what is Strategies and modus operandi of a docu- most irreplaceable: Jewish refuge in Canada mentary filmmaker of 20th-century events during World War II Victor Barbat, Université Paris I - Panthéon Annelise Rodrigo, Université Toulouse – Jean Sorbonne* Jaurès Greek Jews after the Shoah. Issues of Female characters dealing with history and memory and of identity (1944-1955) memory in Yiddish and Russian novels from Eleni Beze, University of Thessaly 1930 to 1980 Writings on catastrophe, writings on survival. Cécile Rousselet, Université Paris IV – Personal journals from the siege of Sorbonne* Leningrad, 1941-1944 The radicalization of anti-Semitism in Sarah Gruszka, Université Paris IV – Sorbonne* Austria, 1914-1923 The destruction of the body during Thomas Stoppacher, University of Graz incarceration. Representation of Crimes by women during the Rwandan dehumanization by Primo Levi, George Perec genocide against the Tutsi. Reconstruction and Samuel Beckett and logical strategies of guilt among Béatrice Munaro, Université Paris III – political, memory and prison issues. Sorbonne Nouvelle Violaine Baraduc, EHESS* Poetics and politics of translating modernist Family memories among Rwandese living in Yiddish poetry since 1945, in France and the France: transmission in the face of genocide United States and migration Naomi Nicolas Kaufman, Université Paris III– Domitille Blanco, Université de Sorbonne Nouvelle Saint-Étienne Italian Jews in Tunisia under fascism The Rwandan state and the memory of the (1921-1943) Tutsi genocide. Commemorating on the Martino Oppizzi, Université Paris VIII ruins (1994-2003) On the Resistance, collaboration and Rémi Kormann, EHESS* rescuers of Jews in occupied Ukraine The memory of the hills. Sepulchers, Raïssa Ostapenko, Université Paris IV – memorials and people maintaining the Sorbonne memory of the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda The issue of Jewish identity: Irène from 1994 to 2006 Némirovsky, Patrick Modiano, Marc Florence Rasmont, Université Libre de Weitzmann Bruxelles Elena Quaglia, Université Paris Ouest* 17

> Postdoctoral grants “This was the beginning of everything” The Housing as an observatory of anti-Semitic deportation and incarceration of Polish persecution in an occupied Soviet city. Riga, Jews from the German Reich between 1941-1945 October 1938 and September 1939 in the Éric Le Bourhis, ENS Cachan “Polenaktion” Collaborating Enemies: The German-Polish Alina Bothe, University of Berlin Collaboration During the Second World War International Committee of the Red Cross Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, University of Berlin and the Jewish question in Europe: the The Attitude of the Authors in the Land of reaction of an international organization to Israel towards Holocaust Survivors increasing anti-Semitism from the 1920s to (1945-1948) the post-World War II period. Raquel Stepak, University of Tel Aviv Mara Dissegna, University of Trento Soviet trials of war criminals, the Shoah, and At the crossroads of knowledge. On four media coverage (1943-1988) works by authors who survived the Shoah, Vanessa Voisin, CNRS - ARIAS* between monument and document (H.G. Adler, Abel Herzberg, Jacques Presser, From metaphysical anti-Semitism to Joseph Wulf) globalized anti-Semitism Avishag Zafrani, Université Paris Descartes* Aurelia Kalisky, Marc Bloch Center – Berlin Oshpitsin before Auschwitz: the massive migration of the Jews of Galicia, 1880-1930 Barbara Lambauer, CNRS – SIRICE * : Renewals

Genocide Memorial, Kigali, Rwanda. 18 History of Anti-Semitism and the Shoah

> Funding and support > Publications, translations for research trips L’antijudaïsme à l’épreuve de la philosophie et de la théologie Research trip – The imaginary in the face of Dir. Danielle Cohen-Levinas and Antoine reality: a survival tool in Terezín. Research Guggenheim, Revue Le Genre humain, trips concerning Vedem survivors éditions du Seuil Claire Audhuy, Université de Strasbourg and the Marc Bloch Center in Berlin La politique d’aryanisation économique des biens juifs mise en œuvre durant le régime Research trip – Jewish emigration from de Vichy en Algérie (1941-1943) Galicia 1880-1930 Jean Laloum, éditions Tallandier Barbara Lambauer, EHESS Images clandestines. Métamorphoses d’une Research trip – Aleksander Ford: a Jewish mémoire visuelle des “camps” Polish Communist filmmaker Ophir Levy, éditions Hermann Ania Szczepanska, Université Paris I Dénaturalisés. Les retraits de nationalité sous Research project - Diverging Fates: Vichy Traveling Circus People in Europe under Claire Zalc, éditions du Seuil National Socialism Center for Nordic Studies, University of Translation in Hebrew: Images malgré tout Helsinki Georges Didi-Huberman, Hakibutz Hameuchad Research project - Images of Justice: Nazis Translation into German: Persécutions et and collaborators on trial in a liberated entraides dans la France occupée. Comment Europe 75 % des juifs en France ont échappé à la Centre de Recherche Histoire Culturelle et mort Sociale de l’Art / Université Paris I Jacques Semelin, Wallstein Verlag

> Symposia, workshops and lectures Symposium – Post-genocide: trauma, transmission and reinventions from a gender perspective Association Women in War / FemAid Symposium – Where are the libraries looted by the Nazis? Attempts to identify and return them, a work in progress École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de l’Information et des Bibliothèques Symposium – History before memory. Documentary practices and document use in the first historiographic works of the Shoah EHESS Workshop – Looted heritage. Comparative views, France – Germany Centre Allemand d’Histoire de l’Art (Paris) and the Institut National du Patrimoine Workshop – The genocide of gypsies from Eastern Europe: new historical perspectives Seminar “Interdisciplinary approaches to Romani / Gypsy Communities,” EHESS Workshop – History of Jewish women in France during World War II and in the long postwar period (1939 – late 1950s) FMS Seminar on the history and memory of the Nazi extermination sites and camps. Between collaboration and resistance Université Aix-Marseille COMMITTEE MEMORY AND TRANSMISSION

President Serge Klarsfeld

Committee members Claude Bochurberg Henri Borlant Tal Bruttmann Colette Cohen Alexandre Doulut Antoine Grande Agnès Hirtz Esther Hoffenberg Olivier Lalieu Marie-Laure Lesage Max Polonovski

Program associate Judith Cytrynowicz 20 Memory and Transmission

Bringing memory to life

Remembering the history of the The Foundation also supports Shoah and its implications is a museums and memory sites on the priority for the Foundation for the internment, deportation and rescue Memory of the Shoah. of Jews in France. It signed a three- year partnership with the Camp des It therefore supports memorial Milles Memorial Site. initiatives (commemorations, plaques, memorial stones...) and The Foundation contributes to the projects that transmit this history, conservation and transmission of including those that illuminate witness accounts. Since 2004, the little-known aspects. These include Foundation has been publishing a books, films, exhibitions, plays and series of Shoah testimonies (see p. 25). audiovisual witness accounts...

The lost letters of Louise Pikovsky, a schoolgirl deported from France.

Gathering the words of the witnesses is at the heart of our memory work, and the Internet is a tremendous tool for transmitting those words and the stories of Shoah victims. The Foundation recently supported two remarkable digital projects: the web portal “Memoires des deportations 1939-1945,” created by the Auschwitz Survivors’ Union, in partnership with seven other associations of former deportees; and the webdocumentary, If I Ever Come Back—The Lost Letters of French Schoolgirl Louise Pikovsky, by Stéphanie Trouillard and available on line on the France 24 website. These initiatives should be commended and widely supported.” Serge Klarsfeld, “ President of the Memory and Transmission Committee 21

A witness meeting with the Yahad – In Unum staff in Szepietowo, in eastern Poland.

sites in Poland. The goal was to Collecting witness restore the dignity of the victims accounts assassinated, village by village, in the occupied territories of Central and Eastern Europe; to locate mass graves where their bodies were Since 2004, Yahad – In Unum has buried; and to disseminate their been collecting the accounts of stories and the circumstances of witnesses to shootings of Jews their deaths to a wider public, to in Eastern Europe. Pursuing its prevent such mass violence in the investigations in Poland, the future. association, chaired by Father At the same time, Yahad - In Unum Patrick Desbois, conducted two conducted three research trips to campaigns, in 2016 and in 2017. The Iraqi Kurdistan to collect accounts former was in the regions of Kielce, from Yazidi victims of the Islamic Bialystok and Warsaw; the latter in State (ISIS). To document what the Subcarpathian regions, Lodz and appears to be crimes against Lublin. The Foundation supported humanity, interviews, systematically research trips conducted to question filmed, were conducted in refugee witnesses to the persecution and camps. This initiative received extermination of the local Jewish support from the Foundation for the population and to locate execution Memory of the Shoah. 22 Memory and Transmission

Projects supported

Gurs, un silence assourdissant. A film by Antoine Laura and Pierre Vidal.

> Memory associations > Films Gathering the names of Polish victims of Les résistants du train fantôme ou le the Shoah (2016-2017) dernier convoi Yad Vashem Jorge Amat and Guy Scarpetta Alkimia productions Memory of Jews shot in Poland: two Silent Saviors campaigns to gather witness accounts Christian Frey and Susanne Wittek -Regions of Kielce, Bialystok and Warsaw Gebrueder Beetz Filmproduktion -Subcarpathian regions, Lodz and Lublin Natan, le fantôme de la rue Francœur Yahad – In Unum Francis Gendron Métaction / Label Vidéo Gathering witness accounts from Yazidi victims of Daesh La Suisse, coffre-fort d’Hitler Yahad – In Unum Xavier Harel and Olivier Lamour Little Big Story Research trip to Poland for French journalists Saving Auschwitz? CRIF Jonathan Hayoun Effervescence productions Gurs, un silence assourdissant Antoine Laura and Pierre Vidal 13 Productions Journal filmé d’un exil Magali Magne À Propos productions 23

The Nazi Camps – An Architecture of Murder François Pomès Label News The Smuggler and Her Charges Michaël Prazan > Publications Institut national de l’audiovisuel “Testimonies of the Shoah” series 2016-2017 Treblinka. Je suis le dernier Juif FMS Guillaume Ribot Injam productions Attendez-moi métro République Hanan Ayalti Le Carnet de Janina Éditions de l’Antilope Isabelle Vayron de la Moureyre Talweg production Une famille juive du temps de l’exode Anny Bloch Façade, 209 rue Saint Maur Éditions Michel Houdiard Ruth Zylberman Zadig productions Auschwitz, après l’ère des témoins Tal Bruttmann and Guillaume Ribot Amis de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la > Audiovisual productions Déportation – Isère La fille de Mendel Website for Convoy 77 Martin Lemelman Association of Families and Deportees in Éditions Ça et Là Convoy 77 Cahiers de mémoire, Kigali, 2014 Jews who arrived in France from Poland Dir. Florence Prudhomme between 1945 and 1948: research and Éditions Classiques Garnier creation of a website Farband – Union des sociétés juives de Si je survis France Moriz Scheyer Éditions Flammarion If I Ever Come Back —The Lost Letters of French Schoolgirl Louise Pikovsky Deux hivers, un été Webdocumentary by Stéphanie Trouillard Valérie Villieu and Antoine Houcke France Media Monde Éditions la Boîte à Bulles Multimedia project—The complex of Revue Mémoires en Jeu: article on the film Auschwitz Son of Saul Michkan World Productions Éditions Kimé

Presentation of the Memorial of Spanish Jews Deported Votre Maman, a play by Jean-Claude Grumberg. from France, November 2016, Paris. 24 Memory and Transmission

The Smuggler and Her Charges, a film by Michaël Prazan.

> Exhibitions and cultural events Je reviens de la vérité after Charlotte Delbo Compagnie Prospero Miranda Lecture for the launch of the Elie Wiesel Network to fight against genocide denial Notre Classe by Tadeusz Słobodzianek EGAM (European Grassroots Antiracist Compagnie Retour d’Ulysse Movement) Les Vitalabri by Jean-Claude Grumberg Tour de France “Imbere Heza”–Conferences Théâtre de la Véranda by young survivors of the Tutsi genocide in Concert in tribute to Charlotte Delbo Rwanda Association Les Amis de Charlotte Delbo EGAM Program on the Armenian genocide > Commemorations Douarnenez Film Festival Event for the inauguration of the Memorial Plaque to the memory of Jews deported of Spanish Jews Deported from France from Angoulême and the Charente region Muestros Dezaparesidos Angoulême and Charente Jewish Association New museum design: History and memory of persecutions and rescuing of Jews in the Tenou’a special issue on Yom HaShoah 2016 Association Tenou’a Ain Musée départemental d’histoire de la Yom HaShoah 2017: organization of a Résistance et de la Déportation in the Ain ceremony and the Haut-Jura Al Syete, Centre Culturel Judéo-Espagnol Trip to Israel by descendants of the Righteous Among the Nations, during Yom > Theater and concerts HaShoah Un petit garçon by Elie Pressman Fondation France Israël Compagnie Avril Enchanté Votre Maman by Jean-Claude Grumberg Compagnie Fabbrica Monsieur Fugue by Liliane Atlan Compagnie Grizzli La Pluie by Daniel Keene Compagnie Les Lendemains de la Veille 25 “Testimonies of the Shoah” series

The “Testimonies of the Shoah” It provides the public with texts that series publishes the accounts of have not been published before or Jews persecuted by the Nazis and that have become unavailable. their collaborators. Whether they Each testimony is examined by were deported, interned or hidden a reading committee chaired by during the war, the authors recount Serge Klarsfeld that includes Shoah their personal experiences, shedding witnesses and historians. additional light on the various aspects of the unprecedented Published by Le Manuscrit, the crime of the Shoah. The series also testimonies are available in a selection includes accounts from resistance of bookstores and on the Internet, members and those who worked to in paper or digital format. The series save Jews. now has more than 80 works.

Reading committee

President Serge Klarsfeld Members Henri Borlant Isabelle Choko Katy Hazan Michel Laffitte Dominique Missika Denis Peschanski Paul Schaffer Annette Zaidman Editor of the series Philippe Weyl

Évelyne German, author of Mamie Blue, d’exil en exil. 26 Memory and Transmission

Books published in 2016

Mamie Blue, d’exil en exil Récit de l’enfer Ukmergé (Lituanie), Paris, Nice, Manuscrit en français d’une Saint-Martin-Vésubie, Rome, Juive de Salonique déportée Paris

Évelyne German Lisa Pinhas Annette German, Lisa Mano-Pinhas who died in 2009, was born in 1916 left her grandson in Thessaloniki, a notebook of which is now part of memories. Drawing Greece. In April 1943, on this document, she and her family Évelyne, Annette’s shared the fate of daughter, delved into the past the town’s Jewish to trace the story of the woman community, which was deported affectionately known as “Mamie and nearly entirely exterminated by the Nazis. After surviving 22 months Blue.” in Auschwitz I and II, as well as the This history of a Jewish Lithuanian “death march” of January 1945, Lisa family, decimated by the Shoah, is and her little sister were thrown revealed through Annette’s story into another hell, in Ravensbrück, and documents uncovered in various then in Rechling. After a second archive collections. Immersed in death march, they were liberated in the turbulence of the era, readers northern Germany, on April 30, 1945. discover the fate of a woman of Forever marked by her experience uncommon courage, who crossed in the concentration camps and the Europe, moving from refuge to loss of 112 members of her family, hiding place, to escape death. Lisa dedicated her life to recording A moving tribute to a loving, discreet her experience, with a rare quality mother and a remarkable woman. of moral honesty, published here for the first time in the original French Preface by Michèle Merowka version. She also worked to help May 2016 – 296 pages, others, becoming an iconic figure for 195 illustrations the memory of the Shoah in Greece. Preface by Zanet Battinou, director of the Jewish Museum in Greece Presentation by Nana Mazaltov Moissi Introduction by Odette Varon-Vassard Foreword by Garyfallia Micha September 2016 – 424 pages, 75 illustrations 27

Sans toi, je serais en route pour Du fond de ma mémoire un grand voyage Entretiens avec un survivant Histoire d’un sauvetage. de la Shoah en Pologne Compiègne, Drancy, 1941-1942

Louis et Mariette Engelmann Jean Vaislic Arrested in Paris Jean Vaislic had in late 1941 during always kept quiet the “roundup of about his memories, notables”, Louis so that he wouldn’t Engelmann was be overcome by detained in the sorrow. More than Royallieu camp in seventy years after Compiègne, but the Shoah, he finally agreed to tell escaped from the first convoy of his story. Jean was 13 in 1939, when Jews that left France for Auschwitz. the German Army entered his home Transferred to Drancy, he would be town of Lodz. The following year, he liberated, thanks to his wife Mariette. was on the roads of Poland, fleeing The previously unpublished the Nazis. He wandered, alone, from journal by this engineer, a World farm to farm, until he was arrested War I veteran, reveals the horrific in 1942. conditions of internment at the Royallieu camp in Compiègne, then Deported, he met Wacek, his those of the Drancy camp when the companion in misery who became victims of the Vel’ d’Hiv roundup his “camp brother.” Without him, arrived, on July 16 and 17, 1942. At Jean may not have survived the the same time, the journal of his hunger, the despair, the Kommandos, wife, Mariette, tells of her tireless the forced labor and the terrible efforts to prevent Louis from being “death marches.” The only survivor deported. The journals of Louis and in his family, Jean moved to Toulouse Mariette, along with the letters they after the war, where he met Marie, exchanged, slumbered in a forgotten also a Shoah survivor. She became drawer for many years. Their nephew his wife and the mother of his Philippe Bernard, a journalist with children. Le Monde, intertwined their stories, transforming this personal drama Interviews conducted by Pierre Lasry into a suspenseful story. Preface by Sandrine Mörch Afterword by Alain Vaislic Preface by Serge Klarsfeld December 2016 – 128 pages, Presentation and annotations by 26 illustrations Philippe Bernard September 2016 – 344 pages, 68 illustrations 28 Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

A Shoah survivor from Thessaloniki, Lisa Pinhas wrote her account in French. She has played a major role in perpetuating memory in Greece. COMMITTEE SHOAH EDUCATION

President Gilles Braun

Committee members Françoise Ait-Hadi Alexandre Bande Pierre-Jérôme Biscarat Claude Dumond Christine Guimonnet Françoise Janier-Dubry Philippe Joutard Yvette Levy Iannis Roder Isaac Touitou

Program associate Dominique Trimbur 30 Shoah Education

Teaching the history of the Shoah

The Foundation encourages the The Foundation finances, directly or transmission of the history of the via the Shoah Memorial, many school Shoah to schoolchildren. trips to memory sites in France and throughout Europe. Special attention It supports educational initiatives is paid to the preparation of these and the organization of training trips and to the reports and work sessions for professors. As a partner done afterward. of the National Competition on the Resistance and Deportation (CNRD), it participates in the creation of educational resources.

Raphaël Esrail, President of the Auschwitz Survivors’ Union, in Birkenau, speaking to a group of high-school students, professors and educational authorities. 31

The results showed that the visits The impact of school had a lasting impact on student trips to Auschwitz- knowledge. Concerning the opinions and values of the lycée students Birkenau questioned, overall, the answers reflected values of tolerance and From 2012 to 2017, researchers at open-mindedness. On this point, the the Institut National Universitaire impact of the trips is therefore more Champollion of Albi, in partnership difficult to determine. It does appear with the Foundation for the that visiting a memory site, with a Memory of the Shoah, conducted specific focus on the Shoah, bolsters a sociological study to assess the values of tolerance that already impact of school trips to Auschwitz- existed, and increases rejection Birkenau. A total of 2,524 high- of any form of anti-Semitism school students from 52 lycées and racism. In short, school trips, throughout 13 French regions were combined with adequate preparation queried, at four different times: and lesson plans, fostered the prior to the visit, on their return, transmission of a strong knowledge one year after and two years after of history, without generating any their trip. The questions were posed radical change in terms of values. to students who had taken the trip and to a control group that had not participated.

The research conducted demonstrates that school trips to Shoah sites offer genuine educational benefit. Students and teachers who participate in them acquire a better understanding of the process of genocide and are durably marked by them. These visits are obviously not the only way to combat anti-Semitism and conspiracy theories, but they contribute to a better understanding of history and to reinforcing the humanist values that are the core of the Foundation’s actions.” Gilles Braun, “ President of the Shoah Education Committee 32 Shoah Education Projects supported

> Training Musical and theater project—In the footsteps of Jankiel Fensterszab. In search of history, The extermination of Jews. Visit to the Jewish life before the Shoah Shoah Memorial and the Pantheon Collège Charles Péguy, Massy-Palaiseau, École Supérieure du Professorat et de Essonne l’Éducation, Nantes, Loire-Atlantique School project—Plant a few seeds so that Visit to the Camp des Milles Memorial Site students become involved citizens Faculté de droit, Aix-en-Provence, Lycée Thierry Maulnier, Nice Bouches-du-Rhône School project—Issues of humanity: racism, Memory and transmission. “Life and desinty” anti-Semitism, exclusion. Harmony and of Ukrainian Judaism peace, now Institut Supérieur pour la Formation des Lycée polyvalent Pablo Neruda, Saint- Maîtres (ISFM) Beth Rivka, Yerres, Essonne Martin-d’Hères, Isère Thessaloniki: “town and mother in Israel,” Writing and speaking workshop— and the Balkans. The extermination of I remember. You remember. Judaism in the Balkans 1943-1944 Lycée ORT, Strasbourg ISFM Beth Rivka, Yerres, Essonne Training seminar for teachers and mediators. > School trips From Spain to the Levant: life and destiny of Sephardic communities Teacher training and school trips to Maison d’Izieu Auschwitz-Birkenau. 2016-2017 campaign Teaching and learning about the history of FMS / Shoah Memorial genocides and mass violence. Training Trip by CNRD graduates: Strasbourg, seminar for educational authorities in Berchtesgaden, Dachau, Paris Burkina Faso, Gambia, Mali, Niger and Association Vive la Résistance, Alençon, Senegal Orne UNESCO Jewish life and the Shoah in Poland The Shoah in eastern Galicia, an historic Lycée Saint Martin / Lycée général et European heritage and civic reflection technologique Urbain Mongazon, Yahad—In Unum, Paris Angers, Maine-et-Loire Seminar for professors who had organized a History and memory of the Shoah and the school trip funded by the FMS in 2016 Resistance FMS Lycée Henry Bergson, Angers, Maine-et- Loire > Cultural and educational projects Children and the Shoah Lycée professionnel Le Breda, Allevard-les- Cooperation—History of the Shoah in France Bains, Isère and in North Africa, 2016–2017 Aloumim association, Israel Teaching the Shoah, trip to Krakow Lycée Eugène Henaff, Bagnolet, Seine- Educational and memorial project—Convoy Saint-Denis 77 European project Association of Families and Deportees in Memories of the Shoah Convoy 77 Lycée Arbez Carme, Bellignat, Ain Screenings of films on Hélène Berr, within an Auschwitz: dehumanization in the Nazi educational framework concentration camps Ciné Histoire Lycée Victor Hugo, Besançon, Doubs Theater project—Journal/S: dialogue Berlin: exploring the city, delving into between Anne Frank and Etty Hillesum memory Compagnie Actea Lycée de Bezons, Val-d’Oise Educational project—In living memory The Jewish genocide Compagnie Mata-Malam Collège Fal, Biarritz, Pyrénées-Atlantiques Theater project—Je plains ce monde qui From Nuremberg to Nuremberg ignore tout de la caresse Lycée Alain Fournier, Bourges, Cher Compagnie Procédé Zèbre Jewish life and the history of the Shoah Art and brutality, a multidisciplinary project Lycée Fénelon, Clermont-Ferrand, Collège Jean Moulin, Lyon, Rhône Puy-de-Dôme 33

a. b. a. Students from the Thierry Maulnier lycée in Nice visiting the Camp des Milles Memorial Site. b. Students from the Saint Guilhem lycée in Clermont-l’Hérault working on archive materials.

The life of Jews and the Shoah CERCIL trip – Memorial museum for the Lycée privé catholique Saint Guilhem, children of Vél’ d’Hiv’ and creation of an Clermont-l’Hérault, Hérault exhibition Shoah and Samudaripen Collège Saint Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, Association Les sentiers de la mémoire / Laval, Mayenne Lycée Charles François Lebrun, Coutances, Trip to Poland Manche Lycée Merkaz Hatorah, Le Raincy, Seine- History, memory and transmission Saint-Denis Lycées Ozar Hatorah (garçons), Créteil, Trip to the Czech Republic Val-de-Marne / Sarcelles, Val-d’Oise Lycée Général et Technologique Agricole du Film Les Héritiers, an educational lesson for Sollier, Le Subdray, Cher the transmission of memory Vitality of prewar Jewish life, its destruction Lycées Ozar Hatorah (filles), Créteil, and memory sites Val-de-Marne / Paris / Sarcelles, Groupe scolaire de l’Alliance, Les Pavillons- Val-d’Oise sous-Bois, Seine-Saint-Denis The duty of memory: rendering the invisible, In the footsteps of the children of Vénissieux visible. Krakow, Warsaw Lycée polyvalent Édouard Branly, Lyon, Lycée Français Georges Pompidou, Dubai, Rhône United Arab Emirates School and memory trip to Auschwitz- From anti-Semitic propaganda to the “final Birkenau solution” Métropole de Lyon, Rhône Lycée Le Corbusier, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, School trip Bas-Rhin Lycée Lamartine, Macon, Saône-et-Loire Memory of the Shoah and the deportation Trip to Poland: History of the Jewish Collège Louise Michel, Ganges, Hérault community in Warsaw from the Golden Age Vestiges, knowledge and understanding of to extermination; the Shoah via bullets and the genocide of Jews mass extermination. Lublin, Auschwitz- Lycée Galilée, Gennevilliers, Hauts-de-Seine Birkenau, Krkow History sites, genocide and concentration Lycée ORT Bramson, Marseille, camp systems during World War II Bouches-du-Rhône Lycée Louis Aragon, Givors, Rhône Memory trip School trip on the deportation and killing of École Gan Ami, Marseille, Bouches-du- Jews and gypsies Rhône Lycée de la Côtière, La Boisse, Ain Visit to the Camp des Milles Memorial Site: Hidden, hunted, saved: being Jewish in create, to resist together La Rochelle, Poitiers and Krakow from 1940 École élémentaire Solidarité, Marseille, to 1944 Bouches-du-Rhône Lycée Fénelon-Notre-Dame, La Rochelle, Itinerary of a scarred memory Charente-Maritime Lycée de la communication, Metz, Natzweiler-Struthof, Shoah Memorial … a Moselle work of memory The great wars: an essential duty of memory Établissement pour l’insertion dans l’emploi, Collège Pablo Picasso, Montfermeil, Lanrodec, Côtes-d’Armor Seine-Saint-Denis 34 Shoah Education

Trip to study Jewish life, the ghettos, the History and memory in support of civic Shoah via bullets and the Auschwitz camps education and living together Lycée ORT, Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis Œuvre de Secours aux Enfants, Paris In search of a lost world Jewish resistance in Poland on Shoah sites Lycée Victor Duruy, Mont-de-Marsan, Lycée Louis Barthou, Pau, Pyrénées- Landes Atlantiques School trips in search of the memory of the Memory and citizenship Shoah Collège Le Petit Bois, Pierrelaye, Val-d’Oise Lycée Montaigne, Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin From Pithiviers to Treblinka, the history and Recollections of a family during the Shoah memory of the Shoah Collège Condorcet, Nailloux, Haute-Garonne Lycée Duhamel du Monceau, Pithiviers, Loiret Intertwined lives of Jewish families during the Shoah One year in service of memory Collège Georges Brassens, Narbonne, Aude Lycée des métiers de Pont-de-Buis, Finistère From the Nièvre to Auschwitz: the annihilation of European Jews in Poland Krakow, Auschwitz, a European history Lycée professionnel Jean Rostand, Nevers, Lycée Ribeaupierre, Ribeauvillé, Haut-Rhin Nièvre Memory of the Shoah Lycée professionnel Gilles Jamain, History and memory Rochefort, Charente-Maritime Lycée Paul Painlevé, Oyonnax, Ain The Righteous in Brittany Trip to Auschwitz Lycée Saint Charles, Saint-Brieuc, Amis de l’Aumônerie israélite des armées, Côtes-d’Armor Paris In the footsteps of Michone, from Saint-Lô to Memory and transmission Auschwitz Association Hachomer Hatzair, Paris Lycée de Verrier, Saint-Lô, Manche The 2016 memory train The Maison d’Izieu and the path of a citizen Association Le train de la mémoire, Paris Collège Boris Vian, Saint-Priest, Rhône Memory trip The Jews of Belgium and the Netherlands Département éducatif de la jeunesse juive, during the Shoah Paris Lycée polyvalent Ella Fitzgerald, Saint- Women during the Shoah: collaborating, Romain-en-Gal, Rhône resisting, suffering The duty of memory Lycée Georges Brassens, Paris Établissement pour l’insertion dans l’emploi, Portraits and memories of Shoah survivors Saint-Quentin, Aisne Lycée professionnel René Cassin, Paris In the footsteps of the Shoah Memory trip: learning, transmitting, Lycée de la Versoie, Thonon-les-Bains, committing to being the witnesses of Haute-Savoie tomorrow so as never to forget Visible and invisible memory Lycée Lucien de Hirsch, Paris Lycée Hélène Boucher, Toulouse, Haute- The history and memory of contemporary Garonne conflicts in the 20th century Art and the Shoah Lycée professionnel Camille Jenatzy, Paris Lycée ORT, Villiers-le-Bel, Val-d’Oise The denial of humanity in the Nazi Studying the deportation via a school trip to concentration camps Berlin Lycée Georges Leven, Paris Lycée Ferdinand Buisson, Voiron, Isère Overlapping memories of the Shoah: From destruction to renaissance. Poland, high-school students in search of shared 2016 civic values The March of the Living Association - Lycée Morvan, Paris France Trip to Poland School and memory trip Lycée Ozar Hatorah, Paris Département du Rhône History and memory of the Shoah and the Resistance Lycée Edgar Poe, Paris The Shoah in Italy, and Italian Jews Lycée Racine, Paris School trip to Poland Institutions Sinaï, Paris 35

COMMITTEE JEWISH CULTURE

President Laurence Sigal

Committee members Dan Arbib Agnès Azogui-Bajer Miriam Barkaï Jean Baumgarten Catherine Chalier Daniel Epstein Bernard Maruani Évelyne Oliel-Grausz Charles Tenenbaum Valérie Zenatti

Program associate Isabelle Cohen 36 Jewish Culture

Transmission of Jewish Culture

From the very start, the Foundation On a broader level, the Foundation has been committed to transmitting also helps to promote Jewish and making the best possible use culture in society at large by funding of the thousand-year-old legacy of cultural events and series of classes Judaism—entire segments of which and lectures for the general public. were annihilated during the Shoah. It is especially attuned to initiatives that promote Yiddish and Judeo- The Foundation supports the diverse Spanish cultures and languages. aspects of Judaism, with a special emphasis on education, to ensure Finally, it supports Jewish studies the transmission of Jewish culture through research grants and by from generation to generation. It encouraging the translation of major thus supports training programs Jewish texts. for teachers and directors of youth movements, as well as pedagogical projects for Jewish and Talmud Torah schools.

Book of prayers from 1727, discovered in the genizah of Dambach-la-Ville.

In conjunction with its support for Jewish studies and education, the committee also finances initiatives fostering a better knowledge of Jewish culture and history in France. In this field, the Foundation participates in the funding of large-scale projects. For us, it is also crucial to support initiatives that may be smaller, but no less innovative, which can bring more people together to share Jewish culture in all its diversity.” Laurence Sigal, “ President of the Jewish Culture Committee 37

The Maison Sublime in Rouen, the oldest Jewish monument in France.

in France still in activity. The ceiling Safeguarding and of the magnificent 14th-century promoting the Jewish structure has just been restored. All this work is conducted within heritage of France the framework of cultural projects aimed at showcasing the wealth and diversity of the Jewish heritage in The Foundation helps to preserve France to a larger public. the Jewish heritage in France, which is the tangible illustration of In a similar vein, with support from the millennia-old history of Jews the Foundation, the Galerie Heitz in our country. As it did to assist in Strasbourg organized “Héritage in the renovation of the Rachi inespéré, objets cachés au cœur des cultural center in Troyes, the FMS synagogues,” an exhibition based funded work to save the Maison on the exceptional discovery of a Sublime in Rouen. Discovered in 1976 genizah in the attic of the synagogue after construction work under the of Dambach-la-Ville (Bas-Rhin). courtyard of the city’s Palais de A genizah is a ritual deposit for Justice, this structure, built around religious writings containing the 1100, is the oldest Jewish monument name of God, and by extension, in France. It illustrates the vitality and worn-out religious objects, which importance of medieval Judaism in according to Jewish tradition cannot Normandy. In southern France, the be thrown away. Through the objects Foundation also provided funds for on display, the exhibition offered the restoration of the synagogue of a unique view on the past of rural Carpentras, the oldest synagogue Jewish communities in eastern France. 38 Jewish Culture Projects supported

> Grants and research > Heritage and archives Sophie Kessler-Mesguich doctoral grant: Library of the Alliance Israélite Universelle Aid for reallocation Development of the Sabbatianism Alliance Israélite Universelle movement in Italy Renovation of the Carpentras synagogue Rachele Jesurum, Institut National des Association pour la Valorisation du Langues et Civilisations Orientales Patrimoine Juif de Carpentras Emeric Deutsch doctoral grant: Preservation work on the Maison Sublime in Jewish women, managing business and Rouen transmitting values (Kingdom of Aragon, Association La Maison Sublime de Rouen 13th-14th cent.) Inventory of Jewish heritage sites in France Chloé Bonnet, Université de Perpignan Via Central Consistory of France Domitia Support for the Rachel Network Nelly Hansson doctoral grant: European network of Jewish and Hebrew Musical knowledge (‘okhmat ha-muziqah) libraries among medieval Jews in Provence (12th-15th cent.): circumvention and appropriation > Publications, translations Alexandre Cerveux, École Pratique des Hautes Études / Université Paris IV Le petit monde. Le corps humain dans les textes de la tradition juive, de la Bible aux Renewal of thesis grant program Lumières FMS / Fondation du Judaïsme Français Jean Baumgarten Éditions Albin Michel Prize for Jewish studies thesis in French 2017-2019 Agounot. “Les femmes entravées” Société des Études Juives Daniel Dahan Presses Universitaires de Provence > Symposia and workshops L’Esprit de la kabbale Julien Darmon History of European Jews from the Roman Éditions Albin Michel Empire to the 20th century Re-release and publication online of works Lecture series at the EHESS by André Chouraqui Association des Historiens Beamlight Symposium: In Memory of André Chouraqui Alef bet, on y va! picture book Association Morial Biblieurope If this were Jerusalem – Symposium and Les registres “matrimoniaux” des rabbins de publication of proceedings Constantine (1795-1929) Association Shibboleth Cercle de Généalogie Juive Summer school — New perspectives on the Miqraoth Guedoloth (français / hébreu) economic history of Jews in modern times Volumes 6 and 7 Institut d’Histoire Moderne et Éditions Gallia Contemporaine, Université Paris I Le Triple Lien – Traités Tamid, Midot et Kinime Éditions Les Secrets d’Ovadia Participation in the Doctoral Seminar for Jewish Studies La formation du Talmud de Babylone Nimrod Gaatone, Université Bar-Ilan, Israel Institut Wolfowicz Workshop for Francophone doctoral candidates in Jewish studies 2017-2019 > Training, education, youth Société des Études Juives Renewal of the 2017-2019 framework agreement Central Consistory of France Construction of a European Center for Judaism in Paris Central Consistory of France Modernization of the Séminaire israélite de France – Pre-planning study Central Consistory of France 39

Hebraization of teaching materials and teacher training Alliance Israélite Universelle Launch aid École Beth Aaron, Paris 13e arr. Development 2016-2017 École Juive Moderne, Paris 17e arr. Development 2016-2017 École Levinas Opening of a 2nd ULIS class for children with disabilities Maison d’Enfants Beth Rivkah, Yerres a. Devarim Project – Creation of a study house Association Devarim Informal education for adolescents Beth Habad in Marseille Cycle of courses – Being Jewish Today Beth Hilel – Yéchiva des Étudiants de Marseille Program “Guaranteeing the future with our students” Beth Loubavitch étudiants Daily study sessions for medical students at b. Université Paris VII Beth Loubavitch Lariboisière Cycles of courses for students at the Plateau de Saclay and the town of Sceaux Chabad on Campus Development and training 2016 Éclaireuses, Éclaireurs Israélites de France Training for 14- to 17-year-olds and ongoing training Éclaireuses, Éclaireurs Israélites de France Creation of a living and study area for adolescents Jeunesse Loubavitch du Luco a. Sermon in an Israeli oratory, Édouard Moyse, Jewish women’s studies 1897; b. Online resources for learning the Maison d’Études Juives au Féminin basics of Judaism. Creation of a 3rd Moishe House in France Moishe House Hebrew courses World Zionist Organization, France Program for training guides > Cultural activities Taglit France Promoting and transmitting Judeo-Spanish Yiddish summer university in Strasbourg culture 2016 Aki Estamos Théâtre en l’Air – LufTeater Concerts – Anima fait son festival… chez les E-Talmud – Support for writing and Romanès development Anima et Cie Tralalere Concert – Confluence(s), quand mélodie Development 2016-2017 française et cultures juives s’embrassent Université Populaire du Judaïsme Anima et Cie 40 Jewish Culture

Choreographic and musical creation – > Real-estate projects supported by the Hamsa Gordin Foundation Liat Cohen et le Quatuor Voce Anima et Cie Benjamin Gross scholarship funds Fonds Social Juif Unifié Theater – Il était une fois Pourim Association Torah’Land Latalmid: funding for school lunches 2016 and 2017 Support of 8 shows and the Festival Jazz Fonds Social Juif Unifié and Klezmer Centre d’Art et de Culture at the Espace Urgent work in the courtyard Rachi, Paris École juive d’Aix-en-Provence Program 2016-2017 Bringing fire safety system up to standards Centre culturel Jules Isaac, Clermont- École Tomer Debora, Aix-les-Bains Ferrand Financing for the purchase of a building Dimanches israéliens des 7 Parnassiens et (loan) Semaine du cinéma israélien École Chné Or, Aubervilliers Israel production and film Expansion of premises (loan) Theater – Ghetto Tango École juive de Cannes Compagnie Isabelle Starkier Financing as part of the group’s Celebrating Jewish holidays differently restructuring JewSalsa Réseau Ozar Hatorah Exhibition "Édouard Moyse, peintre de la vie Funding for work (loan) juive au xixe siècle" Réseau Ozar Hatorah Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaisme Emergency aid (loan) Exhibition "Arnold Schönberg, peindre Merkaz Hatorah, Gagny l’âme" Bringing electrical installations up to Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaisme standards and renovation of alarm/detection Exhibition "Golem ! Avatars d’une légende system (loan) d’argile" Merkaz Hatorah, Gagny Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaisme Extension and development (loan) Redesign of website École Gan Alef, Neuilly-sur-Seine Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du judaïsme Bring facilities up to standards Exhibition "La carte postale juive dans la vie École Ganénou, Paris 11th and 12th arr. alsacienne" Bring heating system and security measures Bouxwiller Museum up to standards Exhibition "Héritage inespéré" Groupe scolaire Rachi, Paris 17th arr. Museums in the city of Strasbourg Work: courtyard, playground, sanitary Cultural program on Sholem-Aleykhem facilities Maison de la culture Yiddish École Ner, Sarcelles Cultural program on Mendele Moykher- Emergency aid Sforim École Cohen-Tenoudji, Savigny-sur-Orge Maison de la culture Yiddish Renovation and bringing classrooms up to Israeli Film Festival in Paris 2016 standards Kolnoah École Beth Menahem, Villeurbanne International Festival of Jewish Music 2016 Hillel Lyon

> Audiovisual productions Documentary - Nazareth, terre promise en Corrèze Jean-Michel Vaguelsy Armoni Productions DVD - Martin Buber, itinéraire d’un humaniste Pierre-Henry Salfati Compagnie des Phares et Balises Virtual museum of Pourim Shpil Collectif Pourim Shpil Program La minute d’hébreu Happening Marketing COMMITTEE SOLIDARITY

President Anne-Carole Bensadon

Committee members Jean-Jacques Arvieu Marianne Bensaid Gérard Brami Andrée Katz Florence Leduc Régine Lippe Francis Neher Serge Reingewirtz Olivier Saint-Jean Nathalie Zajde

Program associate Rachel Rimmer 42 Solidarity

Support for Shoah survivors

Solidarity toward Shoah survivors works to reduce the isolation of and those who suffered anti-Semitic survivors by supporting associations persecution is one of the main that offer them group activities and priorities of the Foundation for the cultural events. Today, approximately Memory of the Shoah. 3,000 Shoah survivors may benefit from these specific services. The Foundation finances specific programs established by social Furthermore, the Foundation for and medical institutions. These the Memory of the Shoah provides programs aim to meet the needs assistance for survivors in Eastern of Shoah survivors by offering Europe, particularly for those in the targeted services: listening, most critical situations, via programs guidance, psychological support, set up by charitable organizations. emergency financial assistance for people in need, home care service, support services for individuals with Alzheimer’s, assisted-living residences. The Foundation also

The situations of Shoah survivors are diverse, which is why our support comes in multiple forms: home care services, EHPAD (residential care homes for dependent elderly people) caretakers, activities fostering social connections, support for people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases... The committee works to ensure that these initiatives dovetail by promoting ‘bridges’ between institutions it supports to best meet the needs of survivors and former hidden children. In France and abroad, our priority is geared to the people in the direst need.” Anne-Carole Bensadon, “ President of the Solidarity Committee 43

A caretaker and a resident in the Fondation de A volunteer from the Latet association and Rothschild nursing home. a Shoah survivor.

Specific assistance in Israel: young volunteers nursing homes in the service of survivors

The Foundation supports several The Foundation for the Memory of the programs through which Shoah Shoah works in various fields in Israel, survivors living in an EHPAD can including emergency funds, food receive specific assistance. Through assistance and psychological support. its Tikva program, the Fondation de Several initiatives involve multiple Rothschild nursing and geriatric home volunteers. The program launched offers additional accompaniment in 2007 by the Latet association provided by caretakers trained to draws on trained volunteers who better understand the culture, history regularly visit survivors in need to and trauma of Shoah victims. A similar, bring them food packages, share although smaller program was set up in conversation and help them to by the Fondation Casip-Cojasor at the solve everyday problems. Nearly Amaraggi (Paris, 19th arrondissement) 1,000 survivors benefit from this and the Claude Kelman (Créteil) assistance. A similar project was homes. It includes cultural activities, developed by the Jaffa Institute. meetings in Yiddish and art workshops Here too, food aid is combined with run by trained therapists or teachers. home visits by volunteers. In 2016, At Les Oliviers home in Marseille, the FMS also renewed its partnership CASIM offers similar services. Special with the Foundation for the Benefit events are organized during Jewish of Holocaust Victims in Israel. In holidays, and certain initiatives like the exchange for a grant, students agree “Café des Délices” are open to people to donate time visiting disadvantaged from outside the nursing home. and isolated Shoah survivors. 44 Solidarity Projects supported

> Listening, guidance and Intergenerational activities > Caretakers at EPHAD psychological support and efforts to combat isolation Caretakers at Les Oliviers Discussion and activity Centre Medem – Arbeter residence groups with the “Listening, Ring CASIM Memory and History” services Social activities and solidarity Kecher program for 2017-2018 with Shoah survivors and caretakers in nursing homes OSE former hidden children Fondation Casip-Cojasor Individual psychological Cercle Bernard Lazare Tikva program for caretakers support Activities fostering social in nursing homes 2016 OSE connections and 2017 Farband – Union des sociétés Fondation de Rothschild > Health insurance and juives de France “Borne MELO,” musical social support “Bel Été” program – Cultural entertainment and recreational activities Foyer des israélites réfugiés Complementary health FSJU insurance Fondation Casip-Cojasor “Café des psaumes” and > Alzheimer’s outpatient “Graines de psaumes” care Social support for Shoah OSE survivors Alzheimer’s outpatient care Fondation Casip-Cojasor and platform for caregivers OSE Social support for Shoah > Home care services survivors at the Elio Habib Home care and psychological community health center support > Support for survivors OSE Adiam Solidarité in Eastern Europe Respite stay Alzheimer’s outpatient care > Social activities Association Dessine-moi Hesed Avraham Welfare mon répit Center, Lectures, encounters and Saint Petersburg support for people in need Organization of home visit Amicale des anciens et network CASIM sympathisants de l’OSE > Support for survivors Additional home care in Israel Améa program and “Café des services for Shoah survivors délices” 2017-2018 Psychological support at Logivitae CASIM home and at the Centre Amcha of Netanya “Bel Été” program in Amcha Marseille – Cultural and recreational activities Telephone hotline for Shoah CASIM survivors ERAN Student volunteers to break the isolation of Shoah survivors Foundation for the Benefit of Holocaust Victims in Israel Distribution of food packages and home visits Jaffa Institute Support for Shoah survivors in need, living in Israel Latet

Elias Feinzilberg, a regular visitor to the Centre Amcha in Jerusalem, where he celebrated his 99th birthday in 2016. 45

COMMITTEE COMBATING ANTI-SEMITISM AND SUPPORT FOR INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE

President Alice Tajchman

Committee members Ron Azogui Adeline Baldacchino Emmanuelle Bensimon-Weiler Marc Knobel Jean-Claude Lescure Stéphane Lilti Arielle Schwab Christophe Tarricone

Program associate Isabelle Cohen 46 Combating anti-Semitism and Support for Intercultural Dialogue

Combating anti-Semitism

The Foundation for the Memory have made security a particularly of the Shoah supports the combat significant issue. This is why the against anti-Semitism as well as Foundation is one of the primary initiatives that foster intercultural financial backers of the Jewish dialogue. Community Protection Service (SPCJ). In conjunction with its teaching approach, the Foundation supports In order to identify and understand educational and citizen-based anti-Semitism and its recent initiatives that specifically target developments, the committee prejudice and insidious attempts to supports research and monitoring conflate issues. While the goal is to in this area. Since 2008, the reach young people, the Foundation Foundation has been financing the also supports events, publications MEMRI Institute, whose translation and cultural productions geared to a and monitoring work provides an wide public. overall view of the phenomenon of One of the committee’s priorities anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial is to develop initiatives aimed at in Middle Eastern media. stemming the spread of hate speech Finally, the Foundation funds on the Internet and on social media. initiatives, like the Aladdin Project, The virulence and violence of working to foster intercultural contemporary anti-Semitism dialogue and mutual understanding.

Concurrently with its support for major organizations fighting anti- Semitism, our committee is pleased to be able to fund original and innovating initiatives, such as Conspiracy Watch. It is crucial to develop tools to fight against disinformation and the spread of offensive pseudo-theories that fuel hatred for others, particularly hatred for Jews. We are proud to be contributing to this public utility mission.” Alice Tajchman, President of the Committee Combating Anti-Semitism “ and Support for Intercultural Dialoguel 47

service that distributes, free of Deconstructing charge, original and reliable content conspiracy "theories" concerning conspiracy theories and genocide denial. A website posts articles as well With the Internet, conspiracy as filmed and/or transcribed theories have a major sounding interviews with professionals board. Spread via social networks, (university professors, journalists, they have a particularly toxic essayists) whose field of expertise impact on young people who lack deals with the issues of conspiracy direction and knowledge, who are or a specific conspiracy “theory” unable to prioritize or critically that it methodically discredits. examine information. They often Thematic analyses will be published promote and revive anti-Semitic and a database will indicate the tropes which—although they are not main websites, ideologies and new—reach a younger and broader participants in the sphere of French- audience. speaking conspiracy theorists. For about ten years, Rudy A yearly report will examine the Reichstadt, founder and director development of conspiracy theories of the website ConspiracyWatch, and genocide denial. Combining has been analyzing the conspiracy meticulous work and reactivity, phenomenon and dissecting the aim is to promote civic conspiracy theories. With the vigilance against a phenomena that historian Valérie Igounet, he represents a serious challenge to developed a dedicated press democratic societies.

The attacks of September 11, 2001: a favorite subject among conspiracy theorists. 48 Combating anti-Semitism and Support for Intercultural Dialogue Projects supported

a. b. c. d. a. Meeting: Les Voix de la Paix ; b. Symposium at the Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaïsme ; c. Book in the “Shared History” series (Aladdin Project / Tallandier) ; d. Film: Français juifs, les enfants de Marianne.

> Training and educational initiatives Symposium – Anti-Semitism in France 19th-21st century Launch of the Centre d’Information et Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaïsme Documentation Judéo-Musulman Creation of a non-profit press agency Amitié judéo-musulmane de France working to combat conspiracy theories and Trip to Israel for business school students genocide denial (HEC, ESSEC, ESCP) Conspiracy Watch Association ESSEC Israel Training – Helping professionals to react to > Resilience and security anti-Semitic and racist speech Association Citoyenneté possible Psychological trauma and resilience unit OSE Educational project – History of religions and secularism SPCJ initiatives in 2016 Collège Henri Wallon, Ivry-sur-Seine Service de Protection de la Communauté Juive Press trip to Israel CRIF > Artistic productions Online training – Combating racism and anti-Semitism JewSalsa at Paris Plages and along the LICRA Jussieu quays Les Voix de la Paix. Interfaith and republican Association JewSalsa workshop Art and citizenship Mouvement juif libéral de France Association Mémoire de l’Avenir Combating anti-Semitism and genocide Hors limites: art as a tool for intercultural denial in the Arab-Muslim world, promoting dialogue positive relations among Jews and Muslims, Association Mémoire de l’avenir through knowledge Aladdin Project > Films Combating anti-Semitism in neighborhoods Ta Torah pour éclairer ma foi UEJF Guillaume Dutey-Harispe Training project for directors Atoutcam UEJF Français juifs: les enfants de Marianne Coralie Miller > Research and monitoring Deux cafés l’addition Survey of the BDS movement CRIF > Framework agreement Monitoring anti-Semitism and genocide Renewal of the 2017-2019 framework denial agreement Middle East Media Research Institute CRIF 49

FINANCIAL COMMITTEE

President Hervé-Adrien Metzger

Committee members Anton Brender Dominique Chesneau Arnaud Chneiweiss Marc El Nouchi Jean-François Guthmann Nelly Léonhardt André Levy-Lang Marcel Nicolaï 50 Financial Committee

Rigorous, hands-on management

Chaired by a magistrate from the The Financial Committee also works Court of Auditors, the Financial to ensure good governance on the Committee for the Foundation of part of the Foundation. It assesses the Memory of the Shoah works budgetary decisions and gives an to maintain the value of the opinion on the most important endowment and make the best use projects, notably those that entail of its revenue. a long-term commitment by the FMS. The Committee pays particular The Committee defines and closely importance to the assessment of monitors the investment strategy. these multiannual projects. It is also The goal, which involves balancing concerned with keeping a close risk management and financial watch on operating costs of the performance, is to provide the Foundation (less than 8.5 percent of Foundation with the funds to meet the total budget in 2016). current needs without compromising its ability to act in the future. The Since the creation of the Foundation, Foundation’s staff ensures the daily more than €260 million have been management of the fund, with the allocated to more than 3,600 support of qualified consultants. projects.

In 2016, despite extremely attentive management of the endowment, the returns were lower than the increase in financial commitments made by the Foundation. Given the significant amount of funds slated to multi-year projects, the Financial Committee therefore recommended a certain level of budgetary caution to the Board of Directors. The message was heard. A targeted decrease in provisional allocations was approved and should be sufficient to weather this economic situation. Concurrently, a significant amount of the Foundation’s assets was reallocated, which resulted in a relatively lower exposure to equities, a decrease in the share of bonds in favor of less volatile investment and an increase in holdings in the real-estate sector. In a shifting financial environment, our goal is to ensure higher returns without jeopardizing the financial soundness of the Foundation. “ Thanks to the involvement of the Financial Committee members and its management team, the Foundation has, once again, exercised good judgement, pragmatism and responsiveness. Finally, as in 2011, it commissioned a general audit to assess its governance and to identify new ways to improve its management and relationships with its partners.” Hervé-Adrien Metzger, President of the Financial Committee 51

The Foundation on the radio …

Broadcast every Sunday from 1pm to 1:30pm on RCJ (94.8 FM in Paris), the “Mémoires Vives” program is prepared by Rachel Rimmer and anchored alternately by Kristel Le Pollotec and Eve Szeftel. It showcases the projects supported by the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah and the subjects related to its missions. All broadcasts can be heard at www.memoiresvives.net, or by signing up to the podcast on iTunes.

… and the Internet A new, more user-friendly design of the Foundation’s website went online in late 2016. It offers optimal readability on all devices (computers, tablets, smartphones). In 2016, the website had 72,000 visitors and 120,000 pages viewed.

www.fondationshoah.org

The FMS Facebook page has more than 12,000 members, and its Twitter account is followed by over 8,000 people. The Foundation also has a Dailymotion page that presents the trailers for films it has supported.

facebook.com/fondationshoah

@Fondation_Shoah 52

Shoah survivor Lisa Pinhas kept these ashes in her office, next to manuscripts of her witness accounts. A handwritten note says: “Here lies what remains of those we loved.”

Editorial director > Photo credits Philippe Allouche Cover: Émilien Ruiz, Flickr • p. 10 - Mémorial de la Shoah • p. 11 – Mémorial de la Shoah, Florence Brochoire • p. 14 – FMS • Editor p. 15 – United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington• Pierre Marquis p. 16 – Archives nationales • p. 17 – Kigali Genocide Memorial • p. 18 – Éditions du Seuil • p. 20 – France 24, Stéphanie Trouillard • Art director p. 21 – Yahad - In Unum • p. 22 – 13 Productions • p. 23 – Éditions Flammarion | France 24 | Muestros Dezaparesidos | Christophe Vootz Véronique Rossi • p. 24 – Institut national de l’audiovisuel • p. 25 – FMS, Philippe Translator Weyl • p. 26-27 – Private collections • p. 28 – Jewish Museum of Greece, Athens • p. 30 – FMS, Dominique Trimbur • p. 33 – Lycée Lisa Davidson Thierry Maulnier, Nice | Lycée Saint Guilhem, Clermont-L’Hérault. Photo: Blandine Caceres • p. 36 – Musée alsacien, Strasbourg. Photo: Mathieu Bertola • p. 37 – Rouen Normandie Tourisme & Congrès. Photo: Jean-François Lange • p. 39 – mahJ. Photo: Gilles Berizzi, RMN-Grand Palais | E-Talmud | Éditions Albin Michel | Compagnie des Phares et Balises • p. 40 – David Paul Carr • p. 43 – FMS, Rachel Matalon | Latet • p. 44 – Amcha • p. 47 – Michael Foran, Flickr • p. 48 – Les Voix de la Paix, Erez Lichtfeld | Éditions Tallandier | Deux cafés l’addition • p. 51 – FMS • p. 52 - Jewish Museum of Greece, Athens.

10, avenue Percier 75008 Paris - France Tél. : + 33 (0)1 53 42 63 10 Fax : + 33 (0)1 53 42 63 11 www.fondationshoah.org