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The Kelsey Brothers: a California Disaster

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The Kelsey Brothers: a California Disaster THE KELSEY BROTHERS: A CALIFORNIA DISASTER Talk presented at the 2012 November meeting of the Lake County Historical Society. 2012 John Parker Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 We Begin in Kentucky and Missouri ............................................... 2 Meanwhile in California.................................................................. 3 Kelsey Brothers Move West............................................................. 5 Vallejo's California.......................................................................... 7 Stone & Kelsey Move to Clear Lake ................................................. 9 Stone & Kelsey Atrocities.............................................................. 10 The Last Straw ............................................................................. 13 STONE & KELSEY KILLING ................................................................. 13 Benson's Version.......................................................................... 13 Upee's Version.............................................................................. 14 Chief Augustine's Version............................................................. 14 1881 History of Lake County Version............................................ 15 Major Ed Sherman's Version ........................................................ 15 William and Mary Noble's Version................................................. 15 Analysis: ...................................................................................... 16 Pomo Get a Few Months of Rest ................................................... 16 Sam and Ben Kelsey Take Revenge............................................... 16 MILITARY ATTACK AT BADONNAPOTI ................................................. 17 1881 and 1949 County History Version ........................................ 17 Jim Benson's Version ................................................................... 20 Chief Augustine's Version............................................................. 21 Captain Nathaniel Lyon's Version ................................................. 21 Major Ed Sherman's Version ........................................................ 23 Analysis ....................................................................................... 23 WHAT HAPPENED TO SAM AND BEN KELSEY? .................................. 24 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................... 26 INTRODUCTION Although this is a detailed review of the events surrounding the Kelsey Brothers and their place in Lake County history, the reader should keep in mind that this is not an exhaustive research paper. Due to time constraints, it is likely that there may be references that weren't found and are not presented herein. History: From the words “his”-“story”. Someone’s version of how events occurred in the past as seen from their own bias, wishful thinking, or ego. Not necessarily what actually happened. (definition by John Parker) In my 40 years of research, I have never seen as many different versions of the exact same events as I discovered while researching this talk. Dr. John Parker Page 1 12/1/2012 We Begin in Kentucky and Missouri 1821: Sam and Susan (Cozzort) Kelsey gave birth to Andrew Kelsey. He already has two brothers (Sam Jr. born 1816 and Benjamin born 1813. They move to Missouri (National History Company 1883). 1830's: Brothers Zedidiah (David), Ben, Sam Jr., and Andrew Kelsey illegally try to secure the pre-emption land claims of neighbors in Hoffman Bend, Missouri. They were "invited" to leave and moved up river (National History Company 1883). 1838: Sam Kelsey, Jr. is indicted for assault with intent to kill by the state of Missouri. After defaulting on his 1st court date, he later appears and moves to quash the indictment. Court agrees (National History Company 1883). 1841: Andrew Kelsey and Charles Beale are sued for trying to secure pre-emptive land rights of their neighbors in Henry County, Missouri (National History Company 1883). Dr. John Parker Page 2 12/1/2012 Meanwhile in California 1820: Clear Lake’s 10 Native American communities and political centers are busy living as they have for several thousand years. Their shell-bead money economy, fishing, fowling, hunting, grain and acorn processing technologies are serving them well (Parker 1994). 1822: Mexico wins independence from Spain and Mariano Vallejo is made commander of Mexico's Northern Frontier. He immediately makes all Native Americans his subjects (Palmer 1881). 1834: Mariano Vallejo is Commandant of the San Francisco Presidio and is told by the Mexican governor to move his garrison to Sonoma (Palmer 1881). 1834: Mariano Vallejo and his brother Salvador move to Sonoma, marry sisters, befriend the Suisun Indians and have them build La Casa Grande (Vallejo's Sonoma complex) (Palmer 1881). Mariano Vallejo Dr. John Parker Page 3 12/1/2012 1839: Vallejo builds a log house and corral in Big Valley just north of present-day Kelseyville. He runs cattle in the valley with a Mexican majordomo and 10 Pomo vaqueros (Palmer 1881, Mauldin nd.). The valley is soon overrun with Vallejo cattle (mostly gone wild) (Palmer 1881). 1842: George Simpson visits General Vallejo and describes his treatment of Indians: “about 300 in number… are badly clothed, badly lodged, and badly fed… they vegetate rather than live.” (Heizer et al 1971) Dr. John Parker Page 4 12/1/2012 Kelsey Brothers Move West 1841: Ben, Samuel, David and Andy Kelsey join the Bidwell- Bartleson Wagon Train to California. Though the Oregon Trail had been established, this was the first overland trip from Independence Missouri to California. Ben is traveling with his wife and child, Sam with his wife and 5 children and David is with his wife (National History Company 1883, Branscomb 2009, Nunes 1991, Bigler 2012, Christalen 1997). John Bidwell At Soda Springs, Sam and David Kelsey and their families leave the Bidwell- Bartleson group to head for Oregon (National History Company 1883, Branscomb 2009, Nunes 1991, Bigler 2012, Christalen 1997). Andy, Ben and wife Nancy remain with the Bidwell party to California. Oregon Trail. Sam and David Kelsey and families leave Bidwell group and head for Oregon. Ben Kelsey leaves 2 wagons and travels by horse and mule. 4 pack animals fall over cliff, supplies lost. Dr. John Parker Page 5 12/1/2012 At Owl Springs Ben Kelsey must abandon his wagons as the oxen Owl Springs are too weak from lack of grass (National History Company 1883, Branscomb 2009, Nunes 1991, Bigler 2012, Christalen 1997). After the 170-day trek, the Bidwell party arrive barefoot and hungry at the John Marsh Rancho near San Francisco Bay (National History Company 1883, Branscomb 2009, Nunes 1991, Bigler 2012, Christalen 1997). Ben’s wife Nancy Kelsey is the first woman to travel overland to California. She is later credited with sewing the flag for the California Bear Revolt. The group had to get passports from the Mexican government in order to remain in the territory. Initially Mariano Vallejo refused and fourteen were jailed until John Marsh vouched for them. In December, the Kelseys travel with Bidwell up the Sacramento River to Sutter’s Place (Christalen 1997, Heath 1937). Nancy Kelsey Dr. John Parker Page 6 12/1/2012 1846: James Clyman visits Sutter and writes that his “600-800 Indians are in a complete state of slavery.” He feeds them from “10 to 15 troughs, 3 to 4 feet long… like so many pigs.” They must eat with their hands (Heizer et al 1971). Vallejo’s California 1843: Mariano’s brother, Salvador Vallejo is General of the Mexican Garrison at Sonoma. He is in need of a large labor force to harvest his wheat and barley crop (Sherman nd.). John Sutter Like most Mexican landowners, Salvador Vallejo believes that all Native Americans on his land belong to him (as do the cattle, wildlife, trees, etc.). 1843: Salvador Vallejo leads a group of 80 ranchers into Lake County to round up Indians to work at the Sonoma Rancho. They trade with the Koi on Indian Island. The Koi chief joins them as an interpreter. Next they stop at Rattlesnake Island to ask the Elem to move to Sonoma (no luck) (Heizer 1973). They finally visit the village of Kamdot on Anderson Island and when the villagers refuse to leave to go to Sonoma, they kill the chief and set the village dance house on fire with most of the villagers inside (Sherman nd., Heizer 1973). Salvador Vallejo This expedition is listed as taking place in March 1843, May 1842, summer 1841, or fall 1835 depending on the reference used (Heizer 1973). Elem Village 1870 Dr. John Parker Page 7 12/1/2012 Kamdot Massacre of 1843 Kamdot Massacre Elem (Anderson Island) (Rattlesnake Island) Vallejo's 1839 Cabin and Corral Vallejo's route Koi (Indian Island) 1843: Andy, Ben and Nancy Kelsey travel to Oregon where they meet up with brothers Sam and David (National History Company 1883). 1844: All return to California with a herd of cattle. David settles at French Camp, gets smallpox and dies (1845) (National History Co. 1883). The rest settle in the Napa Valley and become friends with Salvador Vallejo (Heath 1937). 1845: Ben Kelsey builds a cabin about 1 mile south of the current location of Calistoga. 1846: Ben Kelsey and his brothers join John C. Fremont to take over Vallejo’s Casa Grande home in Sonoma and declare California’s independence from Mexico (the Bear Flag Revolt). After several hours of visiting and drinks, it is
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