COHPONENTS: Ammonia Solubilities EVALUATOR
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Hydrogen and Carbon Isotope Fractionation During Degradation Of
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during degradation of chloromethane by methylotrophic bacteria Thierry Nadalig1, Markus Greule2, Francßoise Bringel1,Stephane Vuilleumier1 & Frank Keppler2 1Equipe Adaptations et Interactions Microbiennes dans l’Environnement, UMR 7156 Universite de Strasbourg - CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, Strasbourg, 67083, France 2Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany Keywords Abstract Carbon isotope fractionation, chloromethane biodegradation, hydrogen isotope Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is a widely studied volatile halocarbon involved in the fractionation, methylotrophic bacteria. destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. Nevertheless, its global budget still remains debated. Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool to constrain fluxes Correspondence of chloromethane between various environmental compartments which involve Thierry Nadalig, Universite de Strasbourg, a multiplicity of sources and sinks, and both biotic and abiotic processes. In UMR 7156 UdS-CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, this study, we measured hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation of the 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Tel: +33 3 68851973; Fax: +33 3 68852028; remaining untransformed chloromethane following its degradation by methylo- Methylobacterium extorquens Hyphomicrobium E-mail: [email protected] trophic bacterial strains CM4 and sp. MC1, which belong to different genera but both use the cmu pathway, the Funding Information only pathway for bacterial degradation of chloromethane characterized so far. Financial support for the acquisition of Hydrogen isotope fractionation for degradation of chloromethane was deter- GC-FID equipment by REALISE (http://realise. mined for the first time, and yielded enrichment factors (e)ofÀ29& and unistra.fr), the Alsace network for research À27& for strains CM4 and MC1, respectively. In agreement with previous and engineering in environmental sciences, is studies, enrichment in 13C of untransformed CH Cl was also observed, and gratefully acknowledged. -
Phosphine and Ammonia Photochemistry in Jupiter's
40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2009) 1201.pdf PHOSPHINE AND AMMONIA PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN JUPITER’S TROPOSPHERE. C. Visscher1, A. D. Sperier2, J. I. Moses1, and T.C. Keane3. 1Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1113 2Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, 3Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Sage Colleges, Troy, NY 12180, ([email protected], [email protected]) Introduction: The last comprehensive photo- tions involving the amino radical (NH2) play a larger chemical model for Jupiter’s troposphere was pre- role. We note that this is the first photochemical sented by Edgington et al. [1,2], based upon the work model to include P2H as an intermediate species in PH3 of Atreya et al. [3] and Kaye and Strobel [4-6]. Since photolysis. The equivalent N2Hx species are believed these early studies, numerous laboratory experiments to be important in the combustion chemistry of nitro- have led to an improvement in our understanding of gen compounds [15]. PH3, NH3-PH3, and NH3-C2H2 photochemistry [7-13]. Furthermore, recent Galileo, Cassini, and Earth-based observations have better defined the abundance of key atmospheric constituents as a function of altitude and latitude in Jupiter’s troposphere. These new results provide an opportunity to test and improve theoretical models of Jovian atmospheric chemistry. We have therefore developed a photochemical model for Jupi- ter’s troposphere considering the updated experimental and observational constraints. Using the Caltech/JPL KINETICS code [14] for our photochemical models, our basic approach is two- fold. The validity of our selected chemical reaction list is first tested by simulating the laboratory experiments of PH3, NH3-PH3, and NH3-C2H2 photolysis with pho- tochemical “box” models. -
Ammonia As a Refrigerant
1791 Tullie Circle, NE. Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2305, USA www.ashrae.org ASHRAE Position Document on Ammonia as a Refrigerant Approved by ASHRAE Board of Directors February 1, 2017 Expires February 1, 2020 ASHRAE S H A P I N G T O M O R R O W ’ S B U I L T E N V I R O N M E N T T O D A Y © 2017 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission. COMMITTEE ROSTER The ASHRAE Position Document on “Ammonia as a Refrigerant” was developed by the Society’s Refrigeration Committee. Position Document Committee formed on January 8, 2016 with Dave Rule as its chair. Dave Rule, Chair Georgi Kazachki IIAR Dayton Phoenix Group Alexandria, VA, USA Dayton, OH, USA Ray Cole Richard Royal Axiom Engineers, Inc. Walmart Monterey, CA, USA Bentonville, Arkansas, USA Dan Dettmers Greg Scrivener IRC, University of Wisconsin Cold Dynamics Madison, WI, USA Meadow Lake, SK, Canada Derek Hamilton Azane Inc. San Francisco, CA, USA Other contributors: M. Kent Anderson Caleb Nelson Consultant Azane, Inc. Bethesda, MD, USA Missoula, MT, USA Cognizant Committees The chairperson of Refrigerant Committee also served as ex-officio members: Karim Amrane REF Committee AHRI Bethesda, MD, USA i © 2017 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission. HISTORY of REVISION / REAFFIRMATION / WITHDRAWAL -
Safer Cocktail for an Ethanol/Water/Ammonia Solvent
L A S C P LSC in Practice C P O C L Safer Cocktail for an Ethanol/Water/ K T I A I C Ammonia Solvent Mixture L S A Problem T A laboratory had been under pressure to move towards Using this mixture, the sample uptake capacity of I the newer generation of safer liquid scintillation ULTIMA-Flo AP, ULTIMA-Flo M and ULTIMA Gold O cocktails. Unfortunately, the sample composition of LLT (PerkinElmer 6013599, 6013579 and 6013377, one of their targets kept giving the researchers problems. respectively) at 20 °C was determined and N Before the lead researcher contacted PerkinElmer, the results were: they had tried PerkinElmer’s Opti-Fluor®, ULTIMA ULTIMA-Flo AP 4.00 mL in 10 mL cocktail N Gold LLT, and ULTIMA Gold XR. All of the safer O ™ ULTIMA-Flo M 4.25 mL in 10 mL cocktail cocktails could incorporate each of the constituents T as indicated by their sample capacity graphs. ULTIMA Gold LLT 4.25 mL in 10 mL cocktail E The problematic sample was an extraction solvent From these results, we observed that it was possible consisting of 900 mL ethanol, 50 mL ammonium to get 4.0 mL of the sample into all of these cocktails. hydroxide, 500 mL water and an enzyme containing In addition, we determined that it was not possible to 14C. The mixture had a pH in the range of 10 to 11. get 4 mL sample into 7 mL of any of these cocktails. To complete this work, we also checked for lumines- Discussion cence using 4 mL of sample in 10 mL of each cocktail. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,455,647 B2 Delong Et Al
USOO8455647B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,455,647 B2 deLong et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Jun. 4, 2013 (54) 6-AMINOISOQUINOLINE COMPOUNDS 7,671,205 B2 3/2010 deLong et al. 8,034,943 B2 10/2011 delong et al. 2004/0091946 A1 5/2004 Oakley et al. (75) Inventors: Mitchell A. deLong, Chapel Hill, NC 2005/OO32125 A1 2/2005 Oakley et al. (US); Jill Marie Sturdivant, Chapel 2005/0176712 A1 8/2005 Wakabayashi et al. Hill, NC (US); Geoffrey Richard 2005/0282805 A1 12/2005 Hangeland et al. Heintzelman, Durham, NC (US); Susan 2006/027O670 A1 11/2006 Chew et al. M. Royalty, Cary, NC (US) 2007/011 1983 A1 5/2007 Fong 2007/O123561 A1 5/2007 Lee et al. 2007/01294.04 A1 6/2007 Hagihara et al. (73) Assignee: Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Research 2007/O135499 A1 6/2007 deLong et al. Triangle Park, NC (US) 2007/0142429 A1 6/2007 deLong et al. 2007/O149473 A1 6/2007 Chatterton et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2007/014.9548 A1 6/2007 Hellberg et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2007/0167444 A1 7/2007 Kuramochi et al. 2007/0173530 A1 7/2007 deLong et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 2007/0238741 A1 10/2007 Nagarathnam et al. 2008, 0021026 A1 1/2008 Kahraman et al. This patent is Subject to a terminal dis 2008, 0021217 A1 1/2008 Borchardt et al. claimer. 2008, OO58384 A1 3/2008 Lee et al. -
Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Improving The Efficiency Of Ammonia Electrolysis For Hydrogen Production A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Ramasamy Palaniappan December 2013 © 2013 Ramasamy Palaniappan. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production by RAMASAMY PALANIAPPAN has been approved for the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Russ College of Engineering and Technology by Gerardine G. Botte Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Dennis Irwin Dean, Russ College of Engineering and Technology 3 ABSTRACT PALANIAPPAN, RAMASAMY, Ph.D., December 2013, Chemical Engineering Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production Director of Dissertation: Gerardine G. Botte Given the abundance of ammonia in domestic and industrial wastes, ammonia electrolysis is a promising technology for remediation and distributed power generation in a clean and safe manner. Efficiency has been identified as one of the key issues that require improvement in order for the technology to enter the market phase. Therefore, this research was performed with the aim of improving the efficiency of hydrogen production by finding alternative materials for the cathode and electrolyte. 1. In the presence of ammonia the activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) followed the trend Rh>Pt>Ru>Ni. The addition of ammonia resulted in lower rates for HER for Pt, Ru, and Ni, which have been attributed to competition from the ammonia adsorption reaction. 2. The addition of ammonia offers insight into the role of metal-hydrogen underpotential deposition (M-Hupd) on HER kinetics. -
Cellulosic Ethanol Production Via Aqueous Ammonia Soaking Pretreatment and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Asli Isci Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation Asli Isci Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Isci, Asli, "Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15695. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15695 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by Asli Isci A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Co-majors: Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering; Biorenewable Resources and Technology Program of Study Committee: Robert P. Anex, Major Professor D. Raj Raman Anthony L. Pometto III. Kenneth J. Moore Robert C. Brown Iowa State University Ames, Iowa -
Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH3–H2O2/Air Mixtures
energies Article Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH3–H2O2/Air Mixtures Ahmed T. Khalil 1,2, Dimitris M. Manias 3, Efstathios-Al. Tingas 4, Dimitrios C. Kyritsis 1,2,* and Dimitris A. Goussis 1,2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE; [email protected] (A.T.K.); [email protected] (D.A.G.) 2 Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and H2 (RICH), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE 3 Department of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 73 Athens, Greece; [email protected] 4 Perth College, University of the Highlands and Islands, (UHI), Perth PH1 2NX, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 September 2019; Accepted: 7 October 2019; Published: 21 November 2019 Abstract: The dynamics of a homogeneous adiabatic autoignition of an ammonia/air mixture at constant volume was studied, using the algorithmic tools of Computational Singular Perturbation. Since ammonia combustion is characterized by both unrealistically long ignition delays and elevated NOx emissions, the time frame of action of the modes that are responsible for ignition was analyzed by calculating the developing time scales throughout the process and by studying their possible relation to NOx emissions. The reactions that support or oppose the explosive time scale were identified, along with the variables that are related the most to the dynamics that drive the system to an explosion. -
Chlorobenzene
CHLOROBENZENE What is CHLOROBENZENE? Chlorobenzene is a man-made colorless liquid that burns quickly. It has a pleasant smell like the smell of almonds. Some of it will dissolve in water. It also turns into a vapor and goes into the air. Chlorobenzene is not found in nature. Where can chlorobenzene be found and how is it used? Over the past 40 years in the United States, less cholorobenzene is being manufactured. In the past, cholorobenzene was used to make phenol and DDT. Today, it is still used to produce pesticides and chemicals used to prevent or kill unwanted pests. Chlorobenzene may be also be used to grease car parts. Chlorobenzene sent into the air is slowly broken down by other chemicals and sunlight. It can be removed from the air by rain. In water, chlorobenzene will quickly turn into a vapor, or be broken down by bacteria. When it enters soil, most of it is broken down quickly by bacteria and the rest will turn into a vapor or leach into groundwater. How can people be exposed to chlorobenzene? You could be exposed to chlorobenzene through: Breathing the chemical. People who work in places where chlorobenzene is processed or handled are at greatest risk. If you live near a waste site, you could be exposed to vapors in the air. Eating or drinking food or water that has been in contact with chlorobenzene. If you live near a waste site, you could be exposed from water contaminated by chlorobenzene. Touching soil contaminated with chlorobenzene. This happens to people who live near a waste site or a factory. -
Reactions of Aromatic Compounds Just Like an Alkene, Benzene Has Clouds of Electrons Above and Below Its Sigma Bond Framework
Reactions of Aromatic Compounds Just like an alkene, benzene has clouds of electrons above and below its sigma bond framework. Although the electrons are in a stable aromatic system, they are still available for reaction with strong electrophiles. This generates a carbocation which is resonance stabilized (but not aromatic). This cation is called a sigma complex because the electrophile is joined to the benzene ring through a new sigma bond. The sigma complex (also called an arenium ion) is not aromatic since it contains an sp3 carbon (which disrupts the required loop of p orbitals). Ch17 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds (landscape).docx Page1 The loss of aromaticity required to form the sigma complex explains the highly endothermic nature of the first step. (That is why we require strong electrophiles for reaction). The sigma complex wishes to regain its aromaticity, and it may do so by either a reversal of the first step (i.e. regenerate the starting material) or by loss of the proton on the sp3 carbon (leading to a substitution product). When a reaction proceeds this way, it is electrophilic aromatic substitution. There are a wide variety of electrophiles that can be introduced into a benzene ring in this way, and so electrophilic aromatic substitution is a very important method for the synthesis of substituted aromatic compounds. Ch17 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds (landscape).docx Page2 Bromination of Benzene Bromination follows the same general mechanism for the electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). Bromine itself is not electrophilic enough to react with benzene. But the addition of a strong Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor), such as FeBr3, catalyses the reaction, and leads to the substitution product. -
Ligand-Based Pharmacophore Studies in the Dopaminergic System Amar P
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2011 Ligand-based pharmacophore studies in the dopaminergic system Amar P. Inamdar University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Inamdar, Amar P., Ligand-based pharmacophore studies in the dopaminergic system, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, 2011. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3535 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. LIGAND-BASED PHARMACOPHORE STUDIES IN THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY From UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG By AMAR P. INAMDAR, B.PHARM., M.PHARM. SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY November 2011 THESIS CERTIFICATION I, Amar P. Inamdar, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Amar P. Inamdar November 2011 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am truly grateful to my supervisor, Prof. John B. Bremner, whose support, encouragement and guidance has helped me immensely in the completion of this project. Most importantly, I am thankful for his patience over all these years and believing in me in spite of various difficult periods in this journey. I know he has sacrificed a significant amount of his personal time to make this happen. I also owe my deepest gratitude to Associate Prof. -
Toxicological Profile for Chlorobenzene
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHLOROBENZENE Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry U.S. Public Health Service December 1990 ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT This Statement was prepared to give you information about chlorobenzene and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from exposure to it. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 1,177 sites on its National Priorities List (NPL). Chlorobenzene has been found at 97 of these sites. However, we do not know how many of the 1,177 NPL sites have been evaluated for chlorobenzene. As EPA evaluates more sites, the number of sites at which chlorobenzene is found may change. The information is important for you because chlorobenzene may cause harmful health effects and because these sites are potential or actual sources of human exposure to chlorobenzene. When a chemical is released from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment as a chemical emission. This emission, which is also called a release, does not always lead to exposure. You can be exposed to a chemical only when you come into contact with the chemical. You may be exposed to it in the environment by breathing, eating, or drinking substances containing the chemical or from skin contact with it. If you are exposed to a hazardous substance such as chlorobenzene, several factors will determine whether harmful health effects will occur and what the type and severity of those health effects will be.