Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH3–H2O2/Air Mixtures
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Phosphine and Ammonia Photochemistry in Jupiter's
40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2009) 1201.pdf PHOSPHINE AND AMMONIA PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN JUPITER’S TROPOSPHERE. C. Visscher1, A. D. Sperier2, J. I. Moses1, and T.C. Keane3. 1Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1113 2Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, 3Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Sage Colleges, Troy, NY 12180, ([email protected], [email protected]) Introduction: The last comprehensive photo- tions involving the amino radical (NH2) play a larger chemical model for Jupiter’s troposphere was pre- role. We note that this is the first photochemical sented by Edgington et al. [1,2], based upon the work model to include P2H as an intermediate species in PH3 of Atreya et al. [3] and Kaye and Strobel [4-6]. Since photolysis. The equivalent N2Hx species are believed these early studies, numerous laboratory experiments to be important in the combustion chemistry of nitro- have led to an improvement in our understanding of gen compounds [15]. PH3, NH3-PH3, and NH3-C2H2 photochemistry [7-13]. Furthermore, recent Galileo, Cassini, and Earth-based observations have better defined the abundance of key atmospheric constituents as a function of altitude and latitude in Jupiter’s troposphere. These new results provide an opportunity to test and improve theoretical models of Jovian atmospheric chemistry. We have therefore developed a photochemical model for Jupi- ter’s troposphere considering the updated experimental and observational constraints. Using the Caltech/JPL KINETICS code [14] for our photochemical models, our basic approach is two- fold. The validity of our selected chemical reaction list is first tested by simulating the laboratory experiments of PH3, NH3-PH3, and NH3-C2H2 photolysis with pho- tochemical “box” models. -
Ammonia As a Refrigerant
1791 Tullie Circle, NE. Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2305, USA www.ashrae.org ASHRAE Position Document on Ammonia as a Refrigerant Approved by ASHRAE Board of Directors February 1, 2017 Expires February 1, 2020 ASHRAE S H A P I N G T O M O R R O W ’ S B U I L T E N V I R O N M E N T T O D A Y © 2017 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission. COMMITTEE ROSTER The ASHRAE Position Document on “Ammonia as a Refrigerant” was developed by the Society’s Refrigeration Committee. Position Document Committee formed on January 8, 2016 with Dave Rule as its chair. Dave Rule, Chair Georgi Kazachki IIAR Dayton Phoenix Group Alexandria, VA, USA Dayton, OH, USA Ray Cole Richard Royal Axiom Engineers, Inc. Walmart Monterey, CA, USA Bentonville, Arkansas, USA Dan Dettmers Greg Scrivener IRC, University of Wisconsin Cold Dynamics Madison, WI, USA Meadow Lake, SK, Canada Derek Hamilton Azane Inc. San Francisco, CA, USA Other contributors: M. Kent Anderson Caleb Nelson Consultant Azane, Inc. Bethesda, MD, USA Missoula, MT, USA Cognizant Committees The chairperson of Refrigerant Committee also served as ex-officio members: Karim Amrane REF Committee AHRI Bethesda, MD, USA i © 2017 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission. HISTORY of REVISION / REAFFIRMATION / WITHDRAWAL -
Safer Cocktail for an Ethanol/Water/Ammonia Solvent
L A S C P LSC in Practice C P O C L Safer Cocktail for an Ethanol/Water/ K T I A I C Ammonia Solvent Mixture L S A Problem T A laboratory had been under pressure to move towards Using this mixture, the sample uptake capacity of I the newer generation of safer liquid scintillation ULTIMA-Flo AP, ULTIMA-Flo M and ULTIMA Gold O cocktails. Unfortunately, the sample composition of LLT (PerkinElmer 6013599, 6013579 and 6013377, one of their targets kept giving the researchers problems. respectively) at 20 °C was determined and N Before the lead researcher contacted PerkinElmer, the results were: they had tried PerkinElmer’s Opti-Fluor®, ULTIMA ULTIMA-Flo AP 4.00 mL in 10 mL cocktail N Gold LLT, and ULTIMA Gold XR. All of the safer O ™ ULTIMA-Flo M 4.25 mL in 10 mL cocktail cocktails could incorporate each of the constituents T as indicated by their sample capacity graphs. ULTIMA Gold LLT 4.25 mL in 10 mL cocktail E The problematic sample was an extraction solvent From these results, we observed that it was possible consisting of 900 mL ethanol, 50 mL ammonium to get 4.0 mL of the sample into all of these cocktails. hydroxide, 500 mL water and an enzyme containing In addition, we determined that it was not possible to 14C. The mixture had a pH in the range of 10 to 11. get 4 mL sample into 7 mL of any of these cocktails. To complete this work, we also checked for lumines- Discussion cence using 4 mL of sample in 10 mL of each cocktail. -
The Decomposition Kinetics of Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide in Municipal Wastewaters
Disinfection Forum No 10, October 2015 The Decomposition Kinetics of Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide in Municipal Wastewaters INTRODUCTION Efficient control of microbial populations in municipal wastewater using peracetic acid (PAA) requires an understanding of the PAA decomposition kinetics. This knowledge is critical to ensure the proper dosing of PAA needed to achieve an adequate concentration within the contact time of the disinfection chamber. In addition, the impact of PAA on the environment, post-discharge into the receiving water body, also is dependent upon the longevity of the PAA in the environment, before decomposing to acetic acid, oxygen and water. As a result, the decomposition kinetics of PAA may have a significant impact on aquatic and environmental toxicity. PAA is not manufactured as a pure compound. The solution exists as an equilibrium mixture of PAA, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and water: ↔ + + Acetic Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Peracetic Acid Water PeroxyChem’s VigorOx® WWT II Wastewater Disinfection Technology contains 15% peracetic acid by weight and 23% hydrogen peroxide as delivered. Although hydrogen peroxide is present in the formulation, peracetic acid is considered to be the active component for disinfection1 in wastewater. There have been several published studies investigating the decomposition kinetics of PAA in different water matrices, including municipal wastewater2-7. Yuan7 states that PAA may be consumed in the following three competitive reactions: 1. Spontaneous decomposition 2 CH3CO3H à 2 CH3CO2H + O2 Eq (1) 2. Hydrolysis CH3CO3H + H2O à CH3CO2H + H2O2 Eq (2) 3. Transition metal catalyzed decomposition + CH3CO3H + M à CH3CO2H + O2 + other products Eq (3) At neutral pH’s, both peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide can be rapidly consumed by these reactions7 (hydrogen peroxide will decompose to water and oxygen via 2H2O2 à 2H2O + O2). -
Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Improving The Efficiency Of Ammonia Electrolysis For Hydrogen Production A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Ramasamy Palaniappan December 2013 © 2013 Ramasamy Palaniappan. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production by RAMASAMY PALANIAPPAN has been approved for the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Russ College of Engineering and Technology by Gerardine G. Botte Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Dennis Irwin Dean, Russ College of Engineering and Technology 3 ABSTRACT PALANIAPPAN, RAMASAMY, Ph.D., December 2013, Chemical Engineering Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production Director of Dissertation: Gerardine G. Botte Given the abundance of ammonia in domestic and industrial wastes, ammonia electrolysis is a promising technology for remediation and distributed power generation in a clean and safe manner. Efficiency has been identified as one of the key issues that require improvement in order for the technology to enter the market phase. Therefore, this research was performed with the aim of improving the efficiency of hydrogen production by finding alternative materials for the cathode and electrolyte. 1. In the presence of ammonia the activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) followed the trend Rh>Pt>Ru>Ni. The addition of ammonia resulted in lower rates for HER for Pt, Ru, and Ni, which have been attributed to competition from the ammonia adsorption reaction. 2. The addition of ammonia offers insight into the role of metal-hydrogen underpotential deposition (M-Hupd) on HER kinetics. -
University of Groningen Discovery of a Eugenol Oxidase From
University of Groningen Discovery of a eugenol oxidase from Rhodococcus sp strain RHA1 Jin, J.F.; Mazon, H.; van den Heuvel, R.H.H.; Janssen, D.B.; Fraaije, M.W. Published in: Febs Journal DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05767.x IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2007 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Jin, J. F., Mazon, H., van den Heuvel, R. H. H., Janssen, D. B., & Fraaije, M. W. (2007). Discovery of a eugenol oxidase from Rhodococcus sp strain RHA1. Febs Journal, 274(9), 2311 - 2321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05767.x Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 23-09-2021 Discovery of a eugenol oxidase from Rhodococcus sp. -
Cellulosic Ethanol Production Via Aqueous Ammonia Soaking Pretreatment and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Asli Isci Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation Asli Isci Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Isci, Asli, "Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15695. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15695 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by Asli Isci A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Co-majors: Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering; Biorenewable Resources and Technology Program of Study Committee: Robert P. Anex, Major Professor D. Raj Raman Anthony L. Pometto III. Kenneth J. Moore Robert C. Brown Iowa State University Ames, Iowa -
Interaction of Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Implications For
UC Irvine Faculty Publications Title Interaction of ozone and hydrogen peroxide in water: Implications for analysis of H 2 O 2 in air Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j7454z7 Journal Geophysical Research Letters, 9(3) ISSN 00948276 Authors Zika, R. G Saltzman, E. S Publication Date 1982-03-01 DOI 10.1029/GL009i003p00231 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California GEOPHYSICLARESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 9, NO. 3, PAGES231-234 , MARCH1982 INTERACTION OF OZONE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN WATER: IMPLICATIONSFORANALYSIS oFH20 2 IN AIR R.G. Zika and E.S. Saltzman Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 331#9 Abstract. We have attempted to measure gaseous Analytical Methods H202 in air usingan aqueoustrapping method. With continuousbubbling, H 20 2 levels in the traps reacheda a. Hydrogen Peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide in aqueous plateau, indicating that a state of dynamic equilibrium solution was measured using a modified fluorescence involving H202 destrbction was established. We decay technique [Perschke and Broda, 1976; Zika and attribute this behavior to the interaction of ozone and its Zelmer, 1982]. The method involved the addition of a decompositionproducts (OH, O[) withH 20 2 inacld:•ous known amot•at of scopoletin (6-methyl-7-hydroxyl-i,2- solution. This hypothesis was investigated by replacing benzopyrone)to a pH 7.0 phosphatebuffered. sample. the air stream with a mixture of N2, 02 and 0 3. The The sample was prepared bY diluting an aliquot of the results Of this experiment show that H O was both reaction solution to 20 mls with low contaminant producedand destroyedin the traps. -
BENZENE Disclaimer
United States Office of Air Quality EPA-454/R-98-011 Environmental Protection Planning And Standards June 1998 Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 AIR EPA LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF BENZENE Disclaimer This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of use. EPA-454/R-98-011 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page LIST OF TABLES.....................................................x LIST OF FIGURES.................................................. xvi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................xx 1.0 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT .......................................... 1-1 2.0 OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENT CONTENTS.............................. 2-1 3.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ...................................... 3-1 3.1 NATURE OF POLLUTANT..................................... 3-1 3.2 OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION AND USE ......................... 3-4 3.3 OVERVIEW OF EMISSIONS.................................... 3-8 4.0 EMISSIONS FROM BENZENE PRODUCTION ........................... 4-1 4.1 CATALYTIC REFORMING/SEPARATION PROCESS................ 4-7 4.1.1 Process Description for Catalytic Reforming/Separation........... 4-7 4.1.2 Benzene Emissions from Catalytic Reforming/Separation .......... 4-9 4.2 TOLUENE DEALKYLATION AND TOLUENE DISPROPORTIONATION PROCESS ............................ 4-11 4.2.1 Toluene Dealkylation -
Gas-Phase Reactions of Si+ with Ammonia and The
2396 J. Am. Chem. SOC.1988, 110, 2396-2399 Gas-Phase Reactions of Si+ with Ammonia and the Amines ( CH3)xNH3-x(x = 1-3): Possible Ion-Molecule Reaction Pathways toward SiH, SiCH, SiNH, SiCH3, SiNCH3, and H2SiNH S. Wlodek and D. K. Bohme* Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Experimental Space Science, York University, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3. Received August 31, 1987 Abstract: Rate constants and product distributions have been determined for gas-phase reactions of ground-state Si'(2P) ions with ammonia and the amines (CH,),NH3-, (x = 1-3) at 296 f 2 K with the selected-ion flow tube technique. All reactions were observed to be fast and can be understood in terms of Si' insertion into N-H and C-N bonds to form ions of the type SiNRIR2' (Rl, R2 = H, CHJ proceeding in competition (in the case of the amines) with hydride ion transfer to form immonium ions of the type CH2NRIR2' (Rl, R2 = H, CH,). C-N bond insertion appears more efficient than N-H bond insertion. The contribution of hydride ion transfer increases with increasing stability of the immonium ion. The latter reaction leads directly to SiH as a neutral product. Other minor reaction channels were seen which lead directly or indirectly to SiCH and SiCH3. Rapid secondary proton transfer reactions were observed for SiNH2' and SiNHCH3+to produce gas-phase SiNH and SiNCH3 molecules. With methylamine SiNH2+also appears to produce H2SiNH2' which may deprotonate to form the simplest silanimine, H2SiNH, or aminosilylene, HSiNH,. -
Ammonia/Ethanol Mixture for Adsorption Refrigeration
energies Article Ammonia/Ethanol Mixture for Adsorption Refrigeration Mauro Luberti, Chiara Di Santis and Giulio Santori * School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, the University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, King0s Buildings, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (C.D.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 January 2020; Accepted: 19 February 2020; Published: 22 February 2020 Abstract: Adsorption refrigeration has become an attractive technology due to the capability to exploit low-grade thermal energy for cooling power generation and the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants. Traditionally, these systems work with pure fluids such as water, ethanol, methanol, and ammonia. Nevertheless, the operating conditions make their commercialization still unfeasible, especially owing to safety and cost issues as a consequence of the working pressures, which are higher or lower than 1 atm. The present work represents the first thermodynamic insight in the use of mixtures for adsorption refrigeration and aims to assess the performance of a binary system of ammonia and ethanol. According to the Gibbs’ phase rule, the addition of a component introduces an additional degree of freedom, which allows to adjust the pressure of the system varying the composition of the mixture. The refrigeration process was simulated with isothermal- isochoric flash calculations to solve the phase equilibria, described by the Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera (PRSV) equation of state for the vapor and liquid phases and by the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) and the multicomponent potential theory of adsorption (MPTA) for the adsorbed phase. -
Hydrogen Peroxide Cas #7722-84-1
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE CAS #7722-84-1 Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM April 2002 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about hydrogen peroxicde. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Hydrogen peroxide is a manufactured chemical, although small amounts of hydrogen peroxide gas may occur naturally in the air. Low exposure may occur from use at home; higher exposures may occur from industrial use. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide can cause irritation of the eyes, throat, respiratory airway, and skin. Drinking concentrated liquid can cause mild to severe gastrointestinal effects. This substance has been found in at least 18 of the 1,585 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is hydrogen peroxide? ‘ If released to soil, hydrogen peroxide will be broken down Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless liquid at room temperature by reacting with other compounds. with a bitter taste. Small amounts of gaseous hydrogen peroxide occur naturally in the air. Hydrogen peroxide is ‘ Hydrogen peroxide does not accumulate in the food chain. unstable, decomposing readily to oxygen and water with release of heat. Although nonflammable, it is a powerful How might I be exposed to hydrogen peroxide? oxidizing agent that can cause spontaneous combustion when it comes in contact with organic material.