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Remembering Mahatma Gandhi Remembering Mahatma Gandhi 3 3 Remembering Mahatma Gandhi 3 3 JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY VOLUME LXI No. 3 2019 Remembering MAHATMA GANDHI THE ASIATIC SOCIETY 1 PARK STREET r KOLKATA © The Asiatic Society ISSN 0368-3308 Edited and published by Dr. Satyabrata Chakrabarti General Secretary The Asiatic Society 1 Park Street Kolkata 700 016 Published in November 2019 Printed at Desktop Printers 3A, Garstin Place, 4th Floor Kolkata 700 001 Price : 400 (Complete vol. of four nos.) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi October 2, 1869 January 30, 1948 CONTENTS Editorial Note 1 ARTICLES Personality Cult or Charter of Hope? Gandhi : Study of an Icon Suparna Gooptu 3 Is Gandhi more Relevant in the Twenty-first Century? The Question of Caste in Contemporary India Arun Bandopadhyay 23 Gandhi and Rural Reconstruction: Issue of Village Swaraj Bipasha Raha 41 Friendships of largeness and freedom: Andrews, Tagore, Gandhi Uma Das Gupta 65 The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner Prasanta Ray 73 Look Back in Anger and Despair : Mahatma Gandhis Intriguing Legacy Supratim Das 85 Gandhi, Cinema and the Masses : A Complex Narrative Urvi Mukhopadhyay 105 In Search of Gandhian Economics Achin Chakraborty 125 The Challenges of Higher Education in India : The Gandhian Relevance Suranjan Das 141 Rolland and Gandhi : A Quest for Light in Troubled Times Chinmoy Guha 161 (vi) GLEANINGS FROM THE PAST Iswarchandra Vidyasagar Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 177 BOOK REVIEW Claude Markovits, The Un-Gandhian Gandhi : The Life and Afterlife of the Mahatma Subhas Ranjan Chakraborty 181 JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY VOLUME LXI NO. 2 2019 BACK ISSUE ARTICLES Learning from the Indological Researches of our Early Native Masters r K. Paddayya Sabyasachi Bhattacharya: In memoriam r Amiya Kumar Bagchi Humane Journey into the Nature of Human Culture : A Personal Narrative r S. B. Chakrabarti Jallianwala Bagh Massacre : A Defining Moment in the Nationalist Movement r Amiya K. Samanta GLEANINGS FROM THE PAST The Indian Aborigines and their Administration r B. S. Guha NOTES ON GLEANINGS Comments on The Indian Aborigines and their Administration r Rajat Kanti Das REVIEW ARTICLE Workshop on Professional Ethics of Publication : A Review r Satarupa Dattamajumdar, Samik Biswas and Sagarika Sur BOOK REVIEW Ravi Korisettar (ed) Beyond Stones and More Stones, Volumes 1 (2017) and 2 (2018), Price Rs. 1200 each volume r Ranjana Ray Ana Jelnikar, Universalist Hopes in India and Europe : The Worlds of Rabindranath Tagore and Srecko Kosovel, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2016 r Subhas Ranjan Chakraborty Editorial Note The Asiatic Society had taken up an elaborate programme for the observance of 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. The Society was also requested by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, to do so as part of the year-long programme in a befitting manner. We had brought out, as per our commitment, a reprint authored by Professor Nirmal Kumar Bose entitled Studies in Gandhism. Professor Bose was the Personal Secretary of Mahatma Gandhi during his tour to the riot affected Noakhali (now in Bangladesh), Calcutta (now Kolkata) and parts of Bihar during 1946 to 1947. Incidentally, Professor Bose was also the President of the Asiatic Society during 1972. The Society while releasing this book, mentioned above, in the 43rd Kolkata International Book Fair at Kolkata on 5th February, 2019 also organized a symposium on contributions on Mahatma Gandhi. This apart, another National Seminar was organized by the Society in Kolkata on 12th and 13th February, 2019 on the Political Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi where a number of very distinguished academicians and social thinkers from various parts of the country had taken part. A year- long monthly lecture series was organized beginning on 2nd October, 2018 where eminent scholars delivered lectures on various topics related to the life, activities and ideals of Mahatma Gandhi. Put together, we had engaged ourselves in an exclusive cultivation of Gandhi and Gandhism, both in its theoretical and pragmatic context. The construction of personality of Gandhi was looked at as an unique individual character, who was also blended in multiple connectivity, wisdom and experiment in a personal and collective practical life. The levels of his experiments can be reduced in three sub-sets, namely (1) Non violence, non cooperation, stayagraha - a socio-political syndrome, (2) Theory of trusteeship, theory of bread labor- an economic format, (3) Truth vis á vis God- an extra ordinary transcendence. 2 Journal of the Asiatic Society : Vol. LXI, No. 3, 2019 The personality of Mahatma carried in him an excellently embedded entity of an individual, a professional political leader as well as freedom fighter, a political philosopher and on top of everything a distant visionary. At the core of this whole structural embodiment an assumed goal of sustainable progress in the society, economy and polity kept Gandhi thoroughly engrossed throughout his life time. Looking at Mahatma in retrospect as well as in prospect one stands simultaneously face to face with him in a psycho-cultural trait marked by a dichotomy of devotion and frustration. At the level of his emotive self, there was a conscious factor of identity neutralizer which symbolized through his external preparedness of self conscience; at the level of collective representation he was identified as an organized strategic mobilizer of the masses which got reflected apparently on simple, acceptable, understandable and easily communicable slogans. Throughout our present academic journey, perhaps we have been able to realize a hard fact which revealed a number of binary category, such as advance-retreat, accommodation-rejection, defining and refining interfaces, placement-replacement and the like. We have traversed through the way of exploring an enigmatic domain which can be arguably called Gandhism in our normal and encapsulated cognitive perspective. The special volume which is being presented here covers a wide range of subjects freely chosen by the individual scholars who have contributed to the whole discourse on short notice. Therefore, the scope of this special volume of the Journal of the Asiatic Society has been expanded to make this composite compilation a rewarding venture. SATYABRATA CHAKRABARTI General Secretary Personality Cult or Charter of Hope? Gandhi : Study of an Icon Suparna Gooptu This essay was first delivered in the form of a lecture at the Asiatic Society, Kolkata on the occasion of the commencement of 150th year of Mahatma Gandhis Birth anniversary. Lectures do not always have the rigour of a densely researched paper. The present essay does not accordingly, claim intellectual mastery on the subject, but may be seen as the authors broad reflections and views of the chosen theme. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , the Father of our Nation was an icon in his time, and continues to be so in the present. Studying icons is never easy, especially when they become symbols of national pride, religious tolerance, vanguards of social justice and equity, or an apostle of non-violence and peace. However, the vantage point of objective distance allows us to attempt a more critical appreciation of visionary figures like Gandhi, and enables us to read them in their context while assessing their contributions. There have been many studies on Gandhi which show, how this iconisation has occurred in different stages of history. A whole range of books and articles are available to elucidate on the Making of the Mahatma. So, the fact that the Mahatma was not born, but was made is now a fairly well-known fact. Many myths and legends are woven around his personality and life experience. This created multiple imageries of the Mahatma. It also requires, re-iteration, that Gandhi, however influential he had been during his lifetime, The Paper was presented at the Asiatic Society, Kolkata on 12th October 2018 under the special lecture series Remembering Mahatma Gandhi. 4 Journal of the Asiatic Society : Vol. LXI, No. 3, 2019 could not have possibly influenced all sections of society, in a uniform manner. Not every individual or group had accepted his leadership unequivocally or shared his vision unquestionably. There have been in his time, and after, many critiques of the Gandhian way. We also know from our understanding of Gandhi, that even those who accepted Gandhis leadership and his vision of social and national reconstruction, were selective in their reception of Gandhis message. There were variations in the nature of their acceptance. Hence, scholars have tried to understand the phenomenon of Gandhi at various levels - local, provincial, national, as well as his differential appeal to diverse social groups arising out of caste, class, ethnic, religious and gender identities. Recently, attempts have also been made to understand Gandhi as a person in private life, especially his role as a father, and a husband. Focus has also shifted to studies on Gandhis family members to see points of rupture between his private self and his public calling. Yet, despite such a wide range of scholarship - critical, eulogistic, empirical and documentary- Gandhi continues to touch the finer sensibilities and deeper intellectual moorings of every thinking individual. The question thus arises, is there something intrinsically iconic about him, which defies our rational scientific materialist understanding of the man, which made Albert Einstein remark: Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth. Is there something in his life and legacy which is potent enough to create a common platform, which can bring both the admirers and critiques of Gandhi together, even long after his death? Why is it, that we repeatedly engage ourselves, at schools, colleges, universities and other public institutions, with Gandhis life, and messages that he left behind as written texts? It is with this question in mind, that I would like to engage with a larger issue.
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