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Cover & Contents 01.07.2019.Pmd VOLUME40 NUMBER3&4 CombinedIssue October-December'18&January-March'19 Quarterly Journal of the Gandhi Peace Foundation VOLUME 40 ❏ NUMBER 3&4 ❏ OCTOBER’18 – MARCH’19 Editorial Team Chairperson Kumar Prashant Editors M.P. Mathai ❏ John Moolakkattu [email protected] Book Review Editor: Ram Chandra Pradhan Editorial Advisory Board Johan Galtung ❏ Rajmohan Gandhi ❏ Anthony Parel K.L. Seshagiri Rao ❏ Ramashray Roy Sulak Sivaraksa ❏ Tridip Suhrud ❏ Neera Chandoke Thomas Weber ❏ Thomas Pantham Gandhi Marg: 1957-1976 available in microform from Oxford University Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; 35 Mobile Drive, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4A1H6; University Microfilms Limited, St. John’s Road, Tyler’s Green, Penn., Buckinghamshire, England. II ISSN 0016—4437 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CARD NO. 68-475534 New Subscription Rates (with effect from Volume 34, April-June 2012 onwards) Period Individual Institutional Individual Institutional (Inland) (foreign) Single Copy Rs. 70 Rs. 100 US $ 20 US $ 25 1 year Rs. 300 Rs. 400 US $ 60 US $ 80 2 years Rs. 550 Rs. 750 US $ 110 US $ 150 3 years Rs. 800 Rs. 1000 US $ 160 US $ 220 Life Rs. 5000 Rs. 6000 US $ 800 N.A. (including airmail charges) Remittances by bank drafts or postal or money orders only Copyright © 2018, Gandhi Marg, Gandhi Peace Foundation The views expressed and the facts stated in this journal, which is published once in every three months, are those of the writers and those views do not necessarily reflect the views of the Gandhi Peace Foundation. Comments on articles published in the journal are welcome. The decision of the Editors about the selection of manuscripts for publication shall be final. Published by Ashok Kumar for the Gandhi Peace Foundation, 221 & 223 Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi-110 002 (Phones: 23237491, 23237493; Fax: +91-11-23236734), Website: www.gpfindia.org, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], and printed by him at Gupta Printing and Stationery Service, 275, Pratap Nagar, Street No. 18, Delhi-110 007 Contents Articles Editorial 133 John S. Moolakkattu Gandhi, Piddington and Australia 135 Thomas Weber The Enemies and Friends of the People in Gandhism 147 Kunal Roy Chowdhuri Gandhi’s Links with Poona: An Overview 165 N. Benjamin Ganesh Narkulwad Building Sustainable Business Models in the Contemporary World: Gandhian Response 187 Seema Rohmetra Will J.C. Kumarappa Guide Another Village Movement? 207 G. Palanithurai Reimagining India on Gandhian Lines 219 Siby K. Joseph Surendra Kumar Notes & Comments Dissecting the Silence: Mahatma Gandhi and Congress on Bhagat Singh’s Martyrdom 233 Saurav Kumar Rai Book Reviews Alex Damm (Editor), Gandhi in a Canadian Context: Relationships between Mahatma Gandhi and Canada 237 JOHN S. MOOLAKKATTU Brian Martin, The deceptive activist 241 JOHN S. MOOLAKKATTU Tribute Robert Aspeslagh 25.08.1940 – 31.10.2016 243 Robin Burns Justice Chandrasekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari (1927 – 2019) - A Tribute 253 Siby K. Joseph Editorial G 133 Gandhi Marg Quarterly 40(3&4): 133–134 © 2018 Gandhi Peace Foundation, New Delhi http://gandhipeacefoundation.org/ ISSN 0016—4437 Editorial IN THESE DAYS, cow protection has become a matter of heated controversy. Several States have passed legislation banning cow slaughter. Cow protection has been a cause close to most Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs. It was a cause equally dear to the Mahatma. But he sought to achieve it through persuasion and mutual understanding rather than by legislation or force. He chided the Hindus for maltreating the cattle without proper nourishment and rest and yet claiming to protect them. Although there is considerable discussion on starting new gausalas and pinjirapoles, including smart ones as Madhya Pradesh has claimed to do so, such claims are more rhetorical than sincere, leaving cows to wander about, scavenge urban waste including plastic and destroy crops to the chagrin of farmers. It would augur well for the country to ensure that cattle are not treated badly, and even in legally established abattoirs, they are covered and out of the view of the public. Food habits are certainly personal and this right should be exercised in such a manner that it does not hurt the feelings of non-eaters. Assertive claim making on this front such as public supply of meat as happened in Kerala some years ago is in bad taste. What we need is a compassionate society where people develop the habit of being mutually respectful of the religious sentiments of their fellow beings. When a non-Hindu decides to give up eating beef voluntarily in deference to the sentiments of his Hindu brethren, the real protection starts. Allowing the mob to take law into its hands by lynching people, often based on hearsay stories, certainly harks back to medieval times, and is a great disservice to the simple cow, a symbol of ecology and non-violence. In this issue of the journal, we have seven articles, two short pieces in the notes and comments section, two tributes and a book review. The first article by Thomas Weber deals with the meeting of A. B. Piddington, Australia’s shortest-serving High Court judge, with Gandhi in 1929, and its significance. The second article by Sujay Biswas revisits the Gandhi-Ambedkar debate on untouchability from a October’18–March’19 134 G GANDHI MARG historical perspective. In the next article, Kunal Roy Chowdhuri discusses Gandhian perspectives on the theme of ‘enemies and friends of the people’ comparing him with Peter Lavrov, a Russian populist. The fourth article by N. Benjamin and Ganesh Narkulwad examines Gandhi’s links with the city of Pune. In the fifth article Seema Rohmetra attempts to build a business model in a Gandhian vein. The next article by G. Palanithurai seeks to employ insights from Kumarappa to inform a new village movement. The last article by Siby K. Joseph and Surendra Kumar attempts to re-imagine Indian along Gandhian lines. The trubute section covers a well-known peace educationist, Robert Aspeslagh, who had contributed to Gandhi Marg in the special issue on peace education and eminent Gandhian, Justice Dharmadhikari, who passed away recently. We do hope that this line up of articles will enthuse the readers of the journal. JOHN S. MOOLAKKATTU Editor Volume 40 Number 3&4 Gandhi, Piddington and Australia ● 135 Gandhi Marg Quarterly 40(3&4): 135–146 © 2018 Gandhi Peace Foundation, New Delhi http://gandhipeacefoundation.org/ ISSN 0016—4437 Gandhi, Piddington and Australia Thomas Weber ABSTRACT Australia’s shortest-serving High Court judge, A.B.Piddington, visited Gandhi at the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad in 1929. Rather than discussing politics, he wanted to let Gandhi know about Australia’s system of providing a living wage and child endowment – issues which were barely of more than academic interest for a country such as India at the time. Had he discussed political issues with Gandhi, he would have realised that the important matters the Mahatma may have wanted to talk about with an Australian interlocutor were racism and the bigoted White Australia Policy. It seems that Gandhi was gracious enough to the well-intentioned but deluded judge to not bring up such a contentious topic. Key words: Mahatma Gandhi, White Australia Policy, A.B. Piddington, racism, child endowment. Introduction WHAT IS A former Australian High Court judge doing visiting Mahatma Gandhi in 1929, writing a booklet about the encounter, and then titling the text Bapu Gandhi (bapu being an affectionate Hindi appellation, meaning “father,” used by Gandhi’s closest followers)? The plain cover of the book lists the author as A.B. Piddington, and in brackets below his name we are informed that this author has a title: “Mr. Justice Piddington.” A recent article about the legal and political life of the judge puts a possible dilemma encompassed in this meeting thus: “The visit itself highlights Piddington’s worldliness – one can hardly see many of his class acknowledging, still less visiting one of the exploders of the colonial world – alongside his naïve singlemindedness.”1 What do we know about this person that would October’18–March’19 136 ● GANDHI MARG place him in Ahmedabad in early 1929? Does Piddington remember the meeting and its most important content the way that the Gandhi camp did? What may have been the significance of the meeting for both sides and what more could have been gained from their exchange if Gandhi had tackled Piddington about his country’s racist policies? Mr Justice Piddington: A Life While not many will be familiar with the name of Albert Bathurst Piddington, even those who have heard of him will possibly know little more than that he holds the distinction of being the shortest- serving High Court judge in Australia. A. B. Piddington was appointed to the Court in 1913, following the death of one of the justices and the expansion of the bench from five to seven members. Whether he was suitably qualified for the position was strongly debated at the time, however, it does seem clear that his elevation was a result of political manoeuvring by the Labor government of the day, to stack the court with judges sympathetic to its view of the way the constitution, in regard to the division of powers between the Centre and the States in the relatively recently formed Federation, was interpreted. The Bar Associations and the newspapers in the major States ran vigorous campaigns against his appointment. A month after his elevation, Piddington resigned, never having sat on the bench. Of course, there was much more to Piddington than this inglorious episode. He was born in 1862, won the University of Sydney’s medal in classics in 1883, lectured English at the University for some years while studying law, and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar in 1890.
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