How to Reconstruct Past Grazing Regimes of Heathlands? Baker A
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Phylogenetics, Flow-Cytometry and Pollen Storage in Erica L
Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Phylogenetics, flow-cytometry and pollen storage in Erica L. (Ericaceae). Implications for plant breeding and interspecific crosses. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn von Ana Laura Mugrabi de Kuppler aus Buenos Aires Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Referent: Prof. Dr. Jens Léon Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Jaime Fagúndez Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Quandt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.11.2013 Erscheinungsjahr: 2013 A mis flores Rolf y Florian Abstract Abstract With over 840 species Erica L. is one of the largest genera of the Ericaceae, comprising woody perennial plants that occur from Scandinavia to South Africa. According to previous studies, the northern species, present in Europe and the Mediterranean, form a paraphyletic, basal clade, and the southern species, present in South Africa, form a robust monophyletic group. In this work a molecular phylogenetic analysis from European and from Central and South African Erica species was performed using the chloroplast regions: trnL-trnL-trnF and 5´trnK-matK , as well as the nuclear DNA marker ITS, in order i) to state the monophyly of the northern and southern species, ii) to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species and contrasting them with previous systematic research studies and iii) to compare the results provided from nuclear data and explore possible evolutionary patterns. All species were monophyletic except for the widely spread E. arborea , and E. manipuliflora . The paraphyly of the northern species was also confirmed, but three taxa from Central East Africa were polyphyletic, suggesting different episodes of colonization of this area. -
Comparative Functional Morphology of Attachment Devices in Arachnida
Comparative functional morphology of attachment devices in Arachnida Vergleichende Funktionsmorphologie der Haftstrukturen bei Spinnentieren (Arthropoda: Arachnida) DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Jonas Otto Wolff geboren am 20. September 1986 in Bergen auf Rügen Kiel, den 2. Juni 2015 Erster Gutachter: Prof. Stanislav N. Gorb _ Zweiter Gutachter: Dr. Dirk Brandis _ Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17. Juli 2015 _ Zum Druck genehmigt: 17. Juli 2015 _ gez. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang J. Duschl, Dekan Acknowledgements I owe Prof. Stanislav Gorb a great debt of gratitude. He taught me all skills to get a researcher and gave me all freedom to follow my ideas. I am very thankful for the opportunity to work in an active, fruitful and friendly research environment, with an interdisciplinary team and excellent laboratory equipment. I like to express my gratitude to Esther Appel, Joachim Oesert and Dr. Jan Michels for their kind and enthusiastic support on microscopy techniques. I thank Dr. Thomas Kleinteich and Dr. Jana Willkommen for their guidance on the µCt. For the fruitful discussions and numerous information on physical questions I like to thank Dr. Lars Heepe. I thank Dr. Clemens Schaber for his collaboration and great ideas on how to measure the adhesive forces of the tiny glue droplets of harvestmen. I thank Angela Veenendaal and Bettina Sattler for their kind help on administration issues. Especially I thank my students Ingo Grawe, Fabienne Frost, Marina Wirth and André Karstedt for their commitment and input of ideas. -
Harvest-Spiders 515
PROVISIONAL ATLAS OF THE REF HARVEST-SPIDERS 515. 41.3 (ARACHNIDA:OPILIONES) OF THE BRITISH ISLES J H P SANKEY art å • r yz( I is -..a .e_I • UI II I AL _ A L _ • cta • • .. az . • 4fe a stir- • BIOLOGICAL RECORDS CENTRE Natural Environment Research Council Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, Dorset ONERC Copyright 1988 Published in 1988 by Institute of Terrestrial Ecålogy Merlewood Research Station GRANGE-OVER-SANDS Cumbria LA1/ 6JU ISBN 1 870393 10 4 The institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) was established in 1973, from the former Nature Conservancy's research stations and staff, joined later by the Institute of Tree Biology and the Culture Centre of Algae and Protozoa. ITO contribbtes to, and draws upon, the collective knowledge of the 14 sister institutes which make up the Natural Environment Research Council, spanning all the environmental sciences. The Institute studies the factors determining the structure, composition and processes of land and freshwater systems, and of individual plant and animal species. It is developing a sounder scientific basis for predicting and modelling environmental trends arising from natural or man-made change. The results of this research are available to those responsible for the protection, management and wise use of our natural resources. One quarter of ITE's work is research commissioned by customers, such as the Department of Environment, the European Economic Community, the Nature Conservancy Council and the Overseas Development Administration. The remainder is fundamental research supported by NERC. ITE's expertise is widely used by international organizations In overseas projects and programmes of research. -
De Hooiwagens 1St Revision14
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HARVESTMEN ............................................................................................................................ 2 GROUPS SIMILAR TO HARVESTMEN ............................................................................................................................. 3 PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 3 BIOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 LIFE CYCLE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 MATING AND EGG-LAYING ........................................................................................................................................... 4 FOOD ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 DEFENCE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 PHORESY, -
Diversity of Fungal Assemblages in Roots of Ericaceae in Two
Diversity of fungal assemblages in roots of Ericaceae in two Mediterranean contrasting ecosystems Ahlam Hamim, Lucie Miche, Ahmed Douaik, Rachid Mrabet, Ahmed Ouhammou, Robin Duponnois, Mohamed Hafidi To cite this version: Ahlam Hamim, Lucie Miche, Ahmed Douaik, Rachid Mrabet, Ahmed Ouhammou, et al.. Diversity of fungal assemblages in roots of Ericaceae in two Mediterranean contrasting ecosystems. Comptes Rendus Biologies, Elsevier Masson, 2017, 340 (4), pp.226-237. 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.02.003. hal- 01681523 HAL Id: hal-01681523 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681523 Submitted on 23 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315062117 Diversity of fungal assemblages in roots of Ericaceae in two Mediterranean contrasting ecosystems Article in Comptes rendus biologies · March 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.02.003 CITATIONS READS 0 37 7 authors, including: Ahmed Douaik Rachid Mrabet Institut National de Recherche Agronomique -
Heathers and Heaths
Heathers and Heaths Heathers and heaths are easy care evergreen plants that can give year-round garden color. With careful planning, you can have varieties in bloom every month of the year. Foliage colors include shades of green, gray, gold, and bronze; some varieties change color or have colored tips in the winter or spring. Flower colors are white and shades of pink, red, and purple. Heathers make excellent companions to rhododendrons and azaleas. They are also excellent in rock gardens or on slopes. Bees love traditional heaths and heathers; however, the new bud-bloomer Scotch heathers, whose flowers are long-lasting because they don’t open completely, do not provide good bee forage, nor do the new foliage-only series. Choose other varieties if that is a consideration. Heathers grow best in neutral to slightly acid soil with good drainage. A sandy soil mixed with compost or leaf mold is ideal. Heathers bloom best in full or partial sun. Plants will grow in a shady location but will not bloom as well and tend to get leggy. They will not do well in areas of hot reflected sunlight. To plant heather, work compost into the planting area, then dig a hole at least twice the width of the rootball. Partially fill with your amended soil and place the plant at the same level it grew in the container. Excess soil over the rootball will kill the plant. For the same reason, do not mulch too deeply or allow mulch to touch the trunks. Normally a spacing of 12-30” apart is good, depending on the variety. -
Anatomically Modern Carboniferous Harvestmen Demonstrate Early Cladogenesis and Stasis in Opiliones
ARTICLE Received 14 Feb 2011 | Accepted 27 Jul 2011 | Published 23 Aug 2011 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1458 Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen demonstrate early cladogenesis and stasis in Opiliones Russell J. Garwood1, Jason A. Dunlop2, Gonzalo Giribet3 & Mark D. Sutton1 Harvestmen, the third most-diverse arachnid order, are an ancient group found on all continental landmasses, except Antarctica. However, a terrestrial mode of life and leathery, poorly mineralized exoskeleton makes preservation unlikely, and their fossil record is limited. The few Palaeozoic species discovered to date appear surprisingly modern, but are too poorly preserved to allow unequivocal taxonomic placement. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray micro-tomography to describe two new harvestmen from the Carboniferous (~305 Myr) of France. The resulting computer models allow the first phylogenetic analysis of any Palaeozoic Opiliones, explicitly resolving both specimens as members of different extant lineages, and providing corroboration for molecular estimates of an early Palaeozoic radiation within the order. Furthermore, remarkable similarities between these fossils and extant harvestmen implies extensive morphological stasis in the order. Compared with other arachnids—and terrestrial arthropods generally—harvestmen are amongst the first groups to evolve fully modern body plans. 1 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 2 Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt University Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. 3 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.J.G. (email: [email protected]) and for phylogenetic analysis, G.G. (email: [email protected]). -
1.Jūras Un Iesāļu Augteņu Biotopi
1. Jūras un iesāļu augteņu biotopi Iepriekšējais nosaukums: Piekrastes un halofītiskie biotopi ārējā robeža – tāpēc Latvijā ir saglabājušās daļēji mazskartas (iepriekšējais nosaukums neprecīzi atspoguļoja biotopu un vietām neskartas pludmales, jūras seklūdens un piejūras grupas būtību). platības. Jūras un iesāļu augteņu biotopu grupā ir apvienoti gan jūras biotopi, gan biotopi, kas saistīti ar jūras ietekmi: pludmales Aizsardzības vērtība un citi ar iesāļu jūras ūdeni sezonāli vai neregulāri applūstoši Lai arī šai biotopu grupai Latvijā ir potenciāli ļoti labas izplatības biotopi Piejūras zemienē. Daudzveidīgajā biotopu grupā un attīstības iespējas, tā kopumā ir pieskaitāma ļoti retiem un apvienoti gan īslaicīgi, sezonāli mikrobiotopi, gan relatīvi apdraudētiem biotopiem. Jūras un iesāļu augteņu biotopi ilglaicīgi biotopi, gan dažāda lieluma biotopu kompleksi. nodrošina Baltijas jūras austrumu piekrastei raksturīgo sugu Šie biotopi ir vienoti funkcionējošs komplekss, kas veido un sabiedrību kompleksa saglabāšanos. Šīs sabiedrības veido jūras krastam paralēlas dažāda platuma joslas. Baltijas jūras jūras un vēja pastāvīgai ietekmei, iesāļiem vides apstākļiem piekrastē biotopu joslas ir platākas nekā Rīgas jūras līča un mainīgam mitruma režīmam piemērojušās sugas. Viena krastos. no dažām litorālo augu sugu dabiskajām augtenēm Latvijā. Jūras un tās piekrastes biotopi ir pastāvīgi un vienlaikus ļoti Nelielā sugu skaita un dinamisko apstākļu dēļ šīs sabiedrības dinamiski. Ja pludmali intensīvi pārskalo jūras ūdens un ir ļoti jutīgas pret cilvēka -
Reasons Why Willow Names Are Changed
REASONS WHY WILLOW NAMES ARE CHANGED Fact Sheet No 1 July 2018 Yulia A. Kuzovkina1 and Irina V. Belyaeva2 1Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Unit-4067, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4067, USA 2Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK This series of Fact Sheets describes name changes for well-known and economically important willows (Salix L.) and explains the underlying justifications for each change. Our objective is to promote the universal usage of correct scientific names within the community of willow growers, breeders and researchers. Salix repens L. Photo by Y.A. Kuzovkina. There are three types of willow name changes discussed in this series: Taxonomic, which reflect a reclassification of plants based on new data and recent discoveries. Nomenclatural, which promote a consistent application of nomenclatural rules. Corrections and clarifications related to the application of names for cultivated species that were previously misapplied. Taxonomic changes: Taxonomists through their research identify and describe taxa at all levels (in Salicaceae s.str. – mostly at the specific and infra-specific levels) revealing phylogenetic patterns. Modern techniques, especially morphological and molecular, are used to resolve disputed relationships among taxa, which result in a change of rankings of previously described taxa. When new information accumulates regarding the assignment of plants to specific taxa, reclassifications of organisms may take place leading to new orderings. For example, a morphological study into the group of plants that has been historically named as Salix fragilis revealed two different taxa in this group, which were proposed to be named as S. euxina I.V.Belyaeva and its hybrid with S. -
Report on the Main Results of the Surveillance Under Article 11 for Annex I Habitat Types (Annex D)
Report on the main results of the surveillance under article 11 for annex I habitat types (Annex D) CODE: 2170 NAME: 2170 Dunes with Salix repens ssp argentea (Salicion arenariae) 1. National level Biogeographic regions and/or marine regions concerned within the member state: ATL 2. Biogeographical or marine level 2.1 Biogeographic region or marine region: Atlantic T’ Jollyn F., Provoost S., Van Landuyt W., Van Hove M. & Paelinckx D. (2008) Conservation status of the Natura 2000 habitat 2170 (Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)) for the Belgian Atlantic region, In: Paelinckx D., Van Landuyt W. & De Bruyn L. (ed.). Conservation status of the Natura 2000 habitats and species. Report of the Research Institute for Nature and Forest, INBO.R.2008.15. Brussels. In prep 2.2 Published sources and/or websites www.inbo.be/natura2000 2.3 Range of the habitat type in the biogeographic region or marine region 2.3.1 Surface area of range in km2 77 2.3.2 Date of range determination 1997-2006 2.3.3 Quality of data concerning range Good e.g based on extensive surveys Report on the main results of the surveillance under article 11 for annex I habitat types (Annex D) 1/3 2.3.4 Range trend Stable (=) 2.3.5 Range trend magnitude in km2 N/A (optional) 2.3.6 Range trend period 1994-2006 2.3.7 Reasons for reported trend Direct human influence (restoration, deterioration, destruction) Other (specify) N/A 2.4 Area covered by habitat type in the biogeographic region or marine region 2.4.1 Surface area of the habitat type 0.75 (km2) 2.4.2 Date -
The Use of Shrubs in Livestock Feeding in Low Rainfall Areas - A
LAND USE, LAND COVER AND SOIL SCIENCES – Vol. V – The Use of Shrubs in Livestock Feeding in Low Rainfall Areas - A. Chriyaa THE USE OF SHRUBS IN LIVESTOCK FEEDING IN LOW RAINFALL AREAS A. Chriyaa Centre d’Aridoculture, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc (INRA), Settat, Morocco. Keywords: arid areas, Atriplex, browse, fodder, livestock feeding, nutritive value, shrubs, tannin. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Establishment Method and Planting Density 3. Productivity of Browse Foliage 4. Integration of Shrubs into Production Systems 5. Browse as Supplement to Low Quality Roughages 6. Nutritive Value of Tree and Shrub Foliage 6.1. Intake and Palatability 6.2. Ecological Background to Variations in Nutritive Value 6.3. Nutritive Value of Atriplex sp. Foliage 6.4. Nutritive Value of Acacia sp. Foliage 7. Anti-Nutritional Substances in Browse 7.1. Toxic Compounds in the Edible Parts of Acacia sp. and Other Browse Species 7.2. Effects of Supplements on Anti-Nutritional Substances 7.3. Tannin Content and Nutritive Value 8. Responses Observed to Supplementation with Browse 9. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Fodder trees and shrubs can be useful to improve grazing lands where the plant cover is poor. TheyUNESCO can act as (a) a standing fodder– EOLSSbank to buffer seasonal fluctuations that occur in arid and semi-arid areas, (b) a protein supplement for livestock on poor native rangelands or consuming low quality roughages, (c) a mean of soil erosion control, and (d) a fuel sourceSAMPLE for low income farmers. ForCHAPTERS these reasons, fodder trees and shrubs plantations are expanding. By the end of the twentieth century, about one million ha have been planted with native and exotic fodder species in the Mediterranean basin, mainly in eastern and southern countries. -
Heathers – Color for All Seasons
Heathers – Color for All Seasons Written by Bob Cain, certified WSU Clallam County Master Gardener. Heathers represent one of the most versatile components in Pacific Northwest gardens. Not only are they well adapted to the climate and soil but they can also provide color in every season of the year. The term “heather” is often used to refer to several different plant types including true heathers (genus: Calluna), heaths (genus: Erica), Irish heaths (genus: Daboecia) and mountainheaths (genus: Phyllodoce). Heaths are typically lower growing and more compact than true heathers. They also spread outwards at a faster rate. Some heaths, however, can grow up to 10 to 20 feet high; these species, often called “tree heaths” due to their spectacular size, include Erica arborea, Erica lusitanica, Erica australis and Erica terminalis. Heathers (including all of the above plant types) flourish in cool, moist conditions and in soils which are slightly acidic. As a result, they are good companions to azaleas and rhododendrons which also thrive in acidic soils. Heathers grow best in peaty, acid soils but will tolerate all soils except those with high lime content. Heathers generally like full sun (at least 6 hours of sun each day); however, Irish heaths tolerate part shade and are well suited to garden areas that transition between sun and shade. The best planting times are March through May and then late September through late November. Young plants should be planted with the foliage almost touching the soil surface. Space plants 12 to 18 inches apart to allow for growth. Draw back mulch from the main stem.