PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA 180O DALAM “PKL KONTROVERSI KOTA DAN SOLUSI BERSAMA”

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PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA 180O DALAM “PKL KONTROVERSI KOTA DAN SOLUSI BERSAMA” PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA 180o DALAM “PKL KONTROVERSI KOTA DAN SOLUSI BERSAMA” Analisis Wacana Kritis Teun A. Van Dijk Mengenai Resistensi Buklet “PKL Kontroversi Kota dan Solusi Bersama” Besutan Komune Rakapare Terhadap Stigma Kehadiran PKL di Kota Bandung. SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar sarjana Ilmu Komunikasi Disusun Oleh : Muhammad Roby Iskandar 10080012168 Ilmu Jurnalistik FAKULTAS ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM BANDUNG BANDUNG 2017-2018 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN Judul : Pedagang Kaki Lima 1800 dalam “PKL Kontroversi Kota dan Solusi Bersama” Sub Judul : Analisis Wacana Kritis Teun A. Van Dijk Mengenai Resistensi Booklet “PKL Kontroversi Kota dan Solusi Bersama” Besutan Komune Rakapare terhadap Stigma Kehadiran PKL di Kota Bandung. Nama : Muhammad Roby Iskandar NPM : 10080012168 Bidang Kajian : Ilmu Jurnalistik Menyetujui Dosen Pembimbing, ____________________ Dr. Kiki Zakiah, M. Si Mengetahui Ketua Bidang Kajian Ilmu Jurnalistik, _____________________________ Dr. Ferry Darmawan, S.Sos., M. Ds. i LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Demi Allah, dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwasanya karya tulis dengan berjudul: Pedagang Kaki Lima 1800 dalam “PKL Kontroversi Kota dan Solusi Bersama” (Analisis Wacana Kritis Teun A. Van Dijk Mengenai Resistensi Buklet “PKL Kontroversi Kota dan Solusi Bersama” Besutan Komune Rakapare terhadap Stigma Kehadiran PKL di Kota Bandung.) Adalah benar hasil karya tulis saya. Apabila di kemudian hari diketahui terbukti skripsi saya merupakan jiplakan dari karya tulis orang lain, saya bersedia menanggung sanksi berupa pembatalan skripsi, pembatalan kelulusan sarjana, atau pencopotan gelar sarjana yang sudah saya peroleh. Demikian pernyataan ini saya kemukakan dengan penuh kesungguhan. Yang menyatakan, _______________ Muhammad Roby Iskandar 10080012168 ii MOTTO Surat Al-Baqarah [2:216] ْ ُكتِ ب ع ل ْي ُك ُم ال ِقت ا ُل و ُه و ُك ْره ل ُك ْم ۖ و ع س ى أ ْن ت ْك ر ُهوا ش ْيئًا و ُه و خ ْي ر ل ُك ْم ۖ و ع س ى أ ْن تُ ِحبُّوا ش ْيئًا و ُه و ش ر ل ُك ْم ۗ و ّ َللاُ ي ْع ل ُم وأ ْنتُ ْم ل ت ْع ل ُمو ن Diwajibkan atas kamu berperang, padahal berperang itu adalah sesuatu yang kamu benci. Boleh jadi kamu membenci sesuatu, padahal ia amat baik bagimu, dan boleh jadi (pula) kamu menyukai sesuatu, padahal ia amat buruk bagimu; Allah mengetahui, sedang kamu tidak mengetahui. Sedikit pengingat atas segala stigma negatif yang senantiasa manusia layangkan pada sesamanya iii KATA PENGANTAR Bismillahirrahmanirrahiim. Seraya mengucap syukur kepada Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala atas segala nikmat dan berkah yang diberikan kepada penulis. Pun, lafal astaghfirullahaladzim harus penulis ucapkan dalam memohon ampun atas khilaf dan dosa yang penulis buat. Walaupun gelar Sarjana yang tertera sebagai tujuan dari karya tulis ini, Insyaallah tidak mengurasi nilai kontribusinya kepada masyarakat. Keduanya menjadi pencapaian sebagai mahasiswa yang senantiasa penulis harapkan di setiap ketikan huruf demi huruf. Penulis amat yakin bahwasanya penelitian ini sendiri masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Oleh sebab itu izinkanlah penulis meminta maaf atas segala kekurangan dan keteledoran. Tentu karya tulis yang sedang di hadapan pembaca ini didorong oleh sejumlah nama-nama di sekitar penulis. Tidak tahu di untung, rasanya bila penulis tak memberikan ucapan “terimakasih” kepada insan-insan berikut ini: 1. Ibunda tercinta, Maizar Eka Putri yang akhirnya tidak pernah melihat anak pertamanya menyelesaikan studi Sarjana 1 secara langsung. Semoga di sisi-Nya lah tempat terbaikmu untuk menikmati karya anak-anakmu. 2. Iskandar, pria yang nama belakangnya kini penulis sandang. Ayah sekaligus panutan penulis untuk menjadi seorang pria. 3. Adik tercinta. Verin Mailiza Muliani. I belived, some day you can to be more than me. iv 4. Nurlaini. Pemilik rahim yang telah melahirkan Ibunda penulis, dan kini harus kembali direpotkan dengan mengurus kami yang tak pandai mengurus diri. 5. Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Bandung, Dr. O. Hasbiansyah, Drs., M.Si. 6. Ibu Dr. Kiki Zakiah, M. Si., terimakasih banyak atas kesabaran dan segala masukannya hingga mau direpotkan hingga lebih dari satu tahun lamanya. Insyaalah, segala pembelajaran yang penulis dapat sedari bimbingan seminar hingga skripsi, tidak ada yang penulis sia- siakan. 7. Ketua Bidang Kajian Ilmu Jurnalistik, Dr. Ferry Darmawan, S.Sos., M.Ds., beserta, Yadi Supriadi, S.Sos., M.Phil., dan seluruh punggawa bidang kajian tercinta. 8. Dosen Wali Mahasiswa penulis, Nova Yulianti, Dra., M.Si. 9. Jajaran pengajar dan staf di Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Bandung. 10. Komune Rakapare sebagai narasumber skripsi yang lebih dari kooperatif. Narasumber mana lagi yang selalu memberikan dorongan hingga surel penyemangat untuk menyelesaikan skripsi. 11. Skena kecil pergaulan penulis yang tidak jelas peranannya antara mendorong lahirnya karya tulis ini, atau membuat penulis terlena hingga lupa sedang skripsi; Ghivari (Agi), Indiana (Jhon), Wildan, Dimas, Hasbi, Insan, Vigor, Agam, Wisnu, Rizki (Nyek), Indra (Mipa), Noris, Bobby, Karel, Ghafur, Ravi, Mikdarullah, Zae, Lala, Chyntia (Uni), Neneng, Putri, Desyane (anne), Nita, Wulan, Rifka, v Marlina, Ressy. 12. Keluarga Besar Pers Mahasiswa Suara Mahasiswa Unisba, beserta alumni-alumninya. 13. Keluarga Shafnel Amir, yang ridha rumah simpanannya penulis jadikan ruang kreatif. *** Sejujurnya bagian ini amat menguras tenaga, bila penulis harus cantumkan seluruh nama yang berkeliaran selama penulis menyelesaikan penelitian ini. Untuk itu penulis hanya mampu menghaturkan banyak terimakasih atas jasa- jasanya. Bandung, November 2015 Muhammad Roby Iskandar vi ABSTRAK “Sebentar ya dik, ada petugas Tibum. Mamang sembunyi dulu.” Diorama usang dan terus berulang sedari penulis kenal kata “Tibum”, jauh ketika berseragam putih merah. Kehadiran Pedagang Kaki Lima di kota-kota besar memang kerap diidentifikasikan sebagai patologi sosial. Kehadirannya dianggap mengganggu estetika kota, ketertiban umum bahkan melanggar hak pengguna jalan lain. Padahal sejumlah penelitian membuktikan mereka adalah tonggak perekonomian bangsa ini kala dilanda sejumlah krisis, salah satunya di tahun 1998. Kekinian, sekelompok intelektual organik bernama Komune Rakapare mencoba mengangkat harkat derajat PKL via kedigdayaan media. Saluran alternatif ini setidaknya memutarbalikan segala pandangan usang ihwal PKL. Resistensi ini melayang tidak hanya untuk khalayak yang terhegemoni stigma, melainkan ke meja-meja birokrasi untuk kembali menimbang segala kebijakan. Penelitian ini ditujukan guna menilik mengapa, bagaimana, dan apa hasil resistensi tersebut. Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif, spesifiknya pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis milik Van Djik, penulis mencoba membedah buklet “PKL Kontroversi Kota dan Solusi Bersama” besutan Komune Rakapare demi menelaah perlawanannya terhadap stigma khalayak ihwal PKL. Tentunya, penulis juga berniat untuk mengangkat implikasi media alternatif tersebut dalam lingkup sosial masyarakat kekinian. Komune Rakapare sendiri, merupakan sebuah organisasi kepemudaan. Adapun tujuan setiap pergerakan mereka adalah “mengatasi berbagai permasalahan akar rumput ibu pertiwi dengan turun langsung memulai perubahan itu sendiri.” Output dari hasil kegiatan mereka biasanya berupa kajian yang dipublikasikan kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini pada akhirnya ingin mengungkap makna dan ideologi tertentu dari Komune Rakapare atas stigma khalayak terhadap kehadiran PKL khususnya di Kota Bandung. Kata Kunci: Analisis Wacana Kritis, Hegemoni, Stigma, Pedagang Kaki Lima, Media Alternatif. vii ABSTRACT "Wait a minute, there is a Tibum officer. I have to be unseen." An Obsolete diorama are keep spinning around as long as the author knows "Tibum", quite far from white and red uniform. The presence of PKL in the big cities is often identified as social illness pathology. Its existence is considered to disturb the aesthetics of the city, public order, and even violate the rights of other road users. Whereas a number of research prove that they are the pole of this nation's economy, especially when this country hit by crises, in- between in 1998. Nowadays, a group of organic intellectuals called Komune Rakapare try to lift up the prestige also the degree of PKL through the media superiority. An alternative channel which defeature all about obsolescent views of PKL. This resistance spread wisely not only for the audience which affected by PKL stigma, but also for bureaucratic tables in order to reconsider policy. This research intended for viewing why, how, and what the results of resistance are. With qualitative research methods, specifically Van Djik's Critical Discourse Analysis approach, the author tries to analyze the booklet "PKL Kontroversi Kota and Solusi Bersama" which is made by Komune Rakapare as a form of resistance for the audience which affected by PKL stigma. Furthermore, the author also intends to promote the implications of such alternative media in the social sphere of contemporary society. Komune Rakapare itself, is a youth organization. The goals of each movement are to "overcome the grassroots problems of motherland by initiating the change at once." The output of their activities is usually in the form of interpretation which is published to the public. Eventually, this research wants to reveal the meaning and certain ideology of Komune Rakapare for the stigma of the audience towards the presence of PKL, especially in Bandung. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Hegemony, Stigma, PKL, Alternative Media. viii DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................
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