DOCSLIB.ORG

Congressional Record—House H2168

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Congressional Record—House H2168 H2168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 6, 2007 serious political implications for about But in the seventies, some experts ar- itage for this space in time. Grant that every nation on Earth. The drop in gued that human impact on the envi- in humility we all may live worthy of food output could begin quite soon, ronment had grown to the point where that trust. perhaps only 10 years from now.’’ their atmospheric pollutants were con- Bless this legislative body with clear My colleagues, Newsweek published tributing significantly to global cool- vision, deep insight and courage to this dire warning in its April 28, 1975 ing, just as some experts argue that seek and do what is right. In Your gra- issue, years before global warming CO2 and other greenhouse gas emis- cious mercy, Lord, may each strive to began getting the headlines it does sions are causing global warming see the best in everyone else. It is then today. today. that we can discern what is best for all Did Newsweek accurately forecast Climatologists suggested that dust here and in the world around us. the coming of global warming more and other particles released into the We pray for the men and women of than 30 years ago? No. The article enti- atmosphere as a result of farming and our military services. Sustain them tled ‘‘The Cooling World’’ warned that the burning of fossil fuels were block- and their families during difficult the Earth’s climate seemed to be cool- ing more and more sunlight from times. Give Your comfort to the ing to the point that populations reaching and heating the surface of the wounded in body or mind. Grant eter- around the world are in imminent dan- Earth. They projected that man’s po- nal rest to those who died in the line of ger because of the coming ice age. tential to pollute would increase six- to duty. Newsweek was not the only publica- eightfold over the next 50 years. And as Lord, hear our prayer. Amen. tion to warn about the supposed threat Reid Bryson stated in Fortune in Feb- of global cooling during the 1970s. In an f ruary 1974, ‘‘It is something that, if it article entitled ‘‘Another Ice Age?’’ the THE JOURNAL continues, will affect the whole human June 24, 1974 issue of Time reported: occupation of the Earth, like a billion The SPEAKER pro tempore. The ‘‘When meteorologists take an average people starving.’’ Chair has examined the Journal of the temperature around the globe, they Another of the concerned scientists last day’s proceedings and announces find that the atmosphere has been was Dr. Stephen Schneider, the co-au- to the House her approval thereof. growing gradually cooler for the past thor of the Science report, who in the Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- three decades.’’ And Time’s article did seventies was worried about the threat nal stands approved. not predict a break in this decade-long of global cooling. Now at Stanford Uni- f cooling trend. The article continued to warn that versity, Dr. Schneider not only sees PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE ‘‘telltale signs were everywhere, from things differently but is considered one of the leading experts now sounding The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the the unexpected persistence and thick- gentlewoman from South Dakota (Ms. ness of packed ice in the waters around the alarm about global warming. In a recent MSNBC report, Dr. Schneider HERSETH) come forward and lead the Iceland to the southward migration of House in the Pledge of Allegiance. warm-loving creatures like the arma- argued that today’s warming trend ‘‘has been induced by humans using the Ms. HERSETH led the Pledge of Alle- dillo from the Midwest.’’ giance as follows: Fortune magazine also gave warning. atmosphere as a free place to dump our A February 1974 article entitled ‘‘Omi- tailpipe waste.’’ However, not everyone I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Repub- nous Changes in the World’s Weather’’ sounded the alarm about global cooling in the seventies, just like not everyone lic for which it stands, one nation under God, claimed that ‘‘there is a fair agreement indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. among researchers that the earth is is sounding the alarm about global f now heading very slowly into another warming today. major ice age, such as the one that Madam Speaker, the fact that so WELCOMING REVEREND STAN brought the glaciers deep into North many experts were wrong about global GRUNEICH cooling in the seventies does not nec- America before it retreated some 10,000 (Ms. HERSETH asked and was given essarily mean that they are wrong years ago.’’ permission to address the House for 1 This article also pointed to the sup- about global warming today, but it minute.) posedly unusual weather patterns of does at least show that experts are Ms. HERSETH. Madam Speaker, I the day as indication of much worse sometimes incredibly, incredibly rise today to recognize Reverend Stan weather to come: ‘‘Climatologists now wrong. Gruneich, National Chaplain of the blame those recurring droughts and f floods on a global cooling trend. It American Legion, as guest chaplain of could bring massive tragedies for man- RECESS the House of Representatives. On behalf of the entire House, thank kind.’’ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- you, Reverend, for your prayer, for These days, of course, we no longer ant to clause 12(a) of rule I, the Chair serving as guest chaplain, for your hear much, if anything, about the pos- declares the House in recess until noon military service to this country, and sibility of runaway global cooling trig- today. for your service to the American Le- gering another ice age. Instead, we Accordingly (at 10 o’clock and 43 gion as national chaplain. We are hon- hear a lot about the threat of cata- minutes a.m.), the House stood in re- ored to have you here today. strophic global warming. Now, what cess until noon. happened? Well, the temperature trend Reverend Gruneich was appointed f changed. After dropping for about 35 National Chaplain of the American Le- years, the temperature started to rise b 1200 gion on August 30, 2006. A U.S. Army Vietnam-era veteran, he received his in the mid seventies, although the AFTER RECESS global temperature now is only slightly bachelor of arts degree and his mas- higher than it was in the 1940s when The recess having expired, the House ter’s in divinity from the University of the cooling trend began. was called to order by the Speaker pro Sioux Falls in Sioux Falls, South Da- Over the centuries and millennia, the tempore (Ms. WOOLSEY) at noon. kota. weather has changed, at times radi- f He is a member of the Kelly-Porter cally. During the 10th century, the Vi- Post 70 in Flandreau, South Dakota. kings established prosperous colonies PRAYER During his 22 years in the American in Greenland, having named the island The Reverend Stan Gruneich, Na- Legion, Chaplain Gruneich has held for its lush pastures. By the early 15th tional Chaplain, The American Legion, several key positions. In addition to century, however, these were wiped out offered the following prayer: serving as post commander, he brings by cold and hunger, and now four-fifths Holy God, our help in ages past, 15 years of experience as the South Da- of Greenland lies buried under hun- present and future. In this place of his- kota department chaplain to the floor dreds of feet of ice cap. No one blamed tory and memory, we remember with today. human activity for this climate shift gratitude that You have blessed our Reverend Gruneich, I look forward to or the ice age. Nation with this great land as our her- continuing to work with you and your VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:20 Mar 07, 2007 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 7634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K06MR7.003 H06MRPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with HOUSE.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sam White the Real Little Ice Age Between C.1300 and C.1850 A.D
    Journal of Interdisciplinary History, xliv:3 (Winter, 2014), 327–352. THE REAL LITTLE ICE AGE Sam White The Real Little Ice Age Between c.1300 and c.1850 a.d. the world became, on average, slightly but signiªcantly colder. The change varied over time and space, and its causes remain un- certain. Nevertheless, this cooling constitutes a meaningful climate event, with signiªcant historical consequences. Both the cooling trend and its effects on humans appear to have been particularly Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/jinh/article-pdf/44/3/327/1706251/jinh_a_00574.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 acute from the late sixteenth to the late seventeenth century in much of the Northern Hemisphere. This article explains why climatologists and historians are conªdent that these changes occurred. On close examination, the objections raised in this issue of the journal by Kelly and Ó Gráda turn out to be entirely unfounded. The proxy data for early mod- ern global cooling (such as tree rings and ice cores) are robust, and written weather descriptions and observations of physical phenom- ena (such as glacial movements and river freezings) by and large of- fer independent conªrmation. Kelly and Ó Gráda’s proposed alter- native measures of climate and climate change suffer from serious ºaws. As we review the evidence and refute their criticisms, it will become clear just how solid the case for the Little Ice Age (lia) has become. the case for the little ice age The evidence for early modern global cooling comes, ªrst and foremost, from extensive research into physical proxies, including ice cores, tree rings, corals, and speleothems (stalagmites and stalactites).
    [Show full text]
  • Reforestation in a High-CO2 World—Higher Mitigation Potential Than
    Geophysical Research Letters RESEARCH LETTER Reforestation in a high-CO2 world—Higher mitigation 10.1002/2016GL068824 potential than expected, lower adaptation Key Points: potential than hoped for • We isolate effects of land use changes and fossil-fuel emissions in RCPs 1 1 1 1 •ClimateandCO2 feedbacks strongly Sebastian Sonntag , Julia Pongratz , Christian H. Reick , and Hauke Schmidt affect mitigation potential of reforestation 1Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany • Adaptation to mean temperature changes is still needed, but extremes might be reduced Abstract We assess the potential and possible consequences for the global climate of a strong reforestation scenario for this century. We perform model experiments using the Max Planck Institute Supporting Information: Earth System Model (MPI-ESM), forced by fossil-fuel CO2 emissions according to the high-emission scenario • Supporting Information S1 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, but using land use transitions according to RCP4.5, which assumes strong reforestation. Thereby, we isolate the land use change effects of the RCPs from those Correspondence to: of other anthropogenic forcings. We find that by 2100 atmospheric CO2 is reduced by 85 ppm in the S. Sonntag, reforestation model experiment compared to the reference RCP8.5 model experiment. This reduction is [email protected] higher than previous estimates and is due to increased forest cover in combination with climate and CO2 feedbacks. We find that reforestation leads to global annual mean temperatures being lower by 0.27 K in Citation: 2100. We find large annual mean warming reductions in sparsely populated areas, whereas reductions in Sonntag, S., J.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Ozone and Climate
    1 Ozone and Climate: A Review of Interconnections Coordinating Lead Authors John Pyle (UK), Theodore Shepherd (Canada) Lead Authors Gregory Bodeker (New Zealand), Pablo Canziani (Argentina), Martin Dameris (Germany), Piers Forster (UK), Aleksandr Gruzdev (Russia), Rolf Müller (Germany), Nzioka John Muthama (Kenya), Giovanni Pitari (Italy), William Randel (USA) Contributing Authors Vitali Fioletov (Canada), Jens-Uwe Grooß (Germany), Stephen Montzka (USA), Paul Newman (USA), Larry Thomason (USA), Guus Velders (The Netherlands) Review Editors Mack McFarland (USA) IPCC Boek (dik).indb 83 15-08-2005 10:52:13 84 IPCC/TEAP Special Report: Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 85 1.4 Past and future stratospheric ozone changes (attribution and prediction) 110 1.1 Introduction 87 1.4.1 Current understanding of past ozone 1.1.1 Purpose and scope of this chapter 87 changes 110 1.1.2 Ozone in the atmosphere and its role in 1.4.2 The Montreal Protocol, future ozone climate 87 changes and their links to climate 117 1.1.3 Chapter outline 93 1.5 Climate change from ODSs, their substitutes 1.2 Observed changes in the stratosphere 93 and ozone depletion 120 1.2.1 Observed changes in stratospheric ozone 93 1.5.1 Radiative forcing and climate sensitivity 120 1.2.2 Observed changes in ODSs 96 1.5.2 Direct radiative forcing of ODSs and their 1.2.3 Observed changes in stratospheric aerosols, substitutes 121 water vapour, methane and nitrous oxide 96 1.5.3 Indirect radiative forcing of ODSs 123 1.2.4 Observed temperature
    [Show full text]
  • Global Climate Coalition Primer on Climate Change Science
    ~ ~ Chairman F.SOHWAB Poraohe TECH-96-29 1st Viae C".lrrn.n C. MAZZA 1/18/96 Hyundal 2nd Vic. Ohalrrnan C. SMITH Toyota P S_cret.ry C. HELFMAN TO: AIAM Technical Committee BMW Treasurer .,J.AMESTOY Mazda FROM: Gregory J. Dana Vice President and Technical Director BMW c ••woo Flat RE: GLOBAL CLIMATE COALITION-(GCC)· Primer on Honda Hyundal Climate Change Science· Final Draft lauzu Kia , Land Rover Enclosed is a primer on global climate change science developed by the Mazda Mlt8ublehl GCC. If any members have any comments on this or other GCC NIB.an documents that are mailed out, please provide me with your comments to Peugeot forward to the GCC. Poreche Renault RolI&-Aoyoe S ••b GJD:ljf ""al'"u .z.ukl Toyota VOlkswagen Volvo President P. HUTOHINSON ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS. INC. 1001 19TH ST. NORTH. SUITE 1200 • ARLINGTON, VA 22209. TELEPHONE 703.525.7788. FAX 703.525.8817 AIAM-050771 Mobil Oil Corporation ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY DEPARTh4ENT P.O. BOX1031 PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08543-1031 December 21, 1995 'To; Members ofGCC-STAC Attached is what I hope is the final draft ofthe primer onglobal climate change science we have been working on for the past few months. It has been revised to more directly address recent statements from IPCC Working Group I and to reflect comments from John Kinsman and Howard Feldman. We will be discussing this draft at the January 18th STAC meeting. Ifyou are coming to that meeting, please bring any additional comments on the draft with you. Ifyou have comments but are unable to attend the meeting, please fax them to Eric Holdsworth at the GeC office.
    [Show full text]
  • Monsoon Intensification, Ocean Warming and Steric Sea Level Rise
    Manuscript prepared for Earth Syst. Dynam. with version 3.2 of the LATEX class copernicus.cls. Date: 8 March 2011 Climate change under a scenario near 1.5◦C of global warming: Monsoon intensification, ocean warming and steric sea level rise Jacob Schewe1,2, Anders Levermann1,2, and Malte Meinshausen1 1Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany 2Physics Institute, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany Abstract. We present climatic consequences of the Repre- 1 Introduction sentative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) using the coupled climate model CLIMBER-3α, which contains a statistical- In December 2010, the international community agreed, dynamical atmosphere and a three-dimensional ocean model. under the United Nations Framework Convention on Cli- We compare those with emulations of 19 state-of-the-art mate Change, to limit global warming to below 2◦C atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCM) us- (Cancun´ Agreements, see http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/ ing MAGICC6. The RCPs are designed as standard scenarios cop 16/application/pdf/cop16 lca.pdf). At the same time, it for the forthcoming IPCC Fifth Assessment Report to span was agreed that a review, to be concluded by 2015, should the full range of future greenhouse gas (GHG) concentra- look into a potential tightening of this target to 1.5◦C – in tions pathways currently discussed. The lowest of the RCP part because climate change impacts associated with 2◦C are scenarios, RCP3-PD, is projected in CLIMBER-3α to imply considered to exceed tolerable limits for some regions, e.g. a maximal warming by the middle of the 21st century slightly Small Island States.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Cooling: the Little Ice Age the Concept of the Little Ice Age
    GLOBAL WARMING: THE HOLOCENE -3- Helluland, today's Baffin Island, and sailed from there southwa d 0 a1;1o~her island that he called V~nland ('vineland'). About /o0~ V1km?s under Thorfinn Ka~lsefm even began to settle in North America. The sagas re~or? this, and we also have the evidence of the GLOBAL COOLING: THE LITTLE Anse au~ Meadows site m Newfoundland excavated in the 1960 ICE AGE From this settlement numbering more than one hundred inhabitant'' furth~r voyages w~r~ made to the south. But the hostility of th~ Skrrelmgs, as the V1kmgs called native Americans, led to the collapse of the first European colony in the Americas. The sea routes frorn Greenland, not to speak of Iceland or Norway were too distant t lend it support.162 ' o The Concept of the Little Ice Age The term 'Little Ice Age' was coined in the late 1930s by the US glaciologist Fram;ois Matthes (1875-1949). It first appeared in a report on recent glacier advances in North America, 1 then in the title of an essay on the geological interpretation of glacier moraines in the Yosemite valley. Matthes was interested in the coolings since the postglacial climatic optimum, that is, over the last three thousand years, and especially in that which followed the medieval warm period. In his view, most glaciers still existing in North America do not go back to the last great ice age but have arisen in this relatively short space of time. The period from the thirteenth to the nineteenth century, in which glaciers advanced in the Alps, Scandinavia and North America, he called 'the Little Ice Age' (to distinguish it from the great ice ages).
    [Show full text]
  • The Risk of Sea Level Rise
    THE RISK OF SEA LEVEL RISE:∗ A Delphic Monte Carlo Analysis in which Twenty Researchers Specify Subjective Probability Distributions for Model Coefficients within their Respective Areas of Expertise James G. Titus∗∗ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Vijay Narayanan Technical Resources International Abstract. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change requires nations to implement measures for adapting to rising sea level and other effects of changing climate. To decide upon an appropriate response, coastal planners and engineers must weigh the cost of these measures against the likely cost of failing to prepare, which depends on the probability of the sea rising a particular amount. This study estimates such a probability distribution, using models employed by previous assessments, as well as the subjective assessments of twenty climate and glaciology reviewers about the values of particular model coefficients. The reviewer assumptions imply a 50 percent chance that the average global temperature will rise 2°C degrees, as well as a 5 percent chance that temperatures will rise 4.7°C by 2100. The resulting impact of climate change on sea level has a 50 percent chance of exceeding 34 cm and a 1% chance of exceeding one meter by the year 2100, as well as a 3 percent chance of a 2 meter rise and a 1 percent chance of a 4 meter rise by the year 2200. The models and assumptions employed by this study suggest that greenhouse gases have contributed 0.5 mm/yr to sea level over the last century. Tidal gauges suggest that sea level is rising about 1.8 mm/yr worldwide, and 2.5-3.0 mm/yr along most of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of Forests to Climate Change Mitigation a Synthesis of Current Research and Understanding
    the contribution of forests to climate change mitigation a synthesis of current research and understanding Wageningen, Face the Future, January 2019 Publication number: 19.001 Report Commissioned by: REDD+ Business Initiative and Greenchoice Authors: Wouter van Goor and Martijn Snoep 1 1 Colofon: February 2019, Face the Future Wageningen, The Netherlands Publication number: 19.001 The contribution of forests to climate change mitigation A synthesis of current research and understanding Authors: Wouter van Goor and Martijn Snoep Commissioned by: Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the RBI or Greenchoice. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. © illustrations and graphs as specified. photos by Face the Future The role of forests in global and other Land use’ (FOLU) or Land Cost-effectiveness of REDD+ climate change Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry The majority of carbon prices around EXECUTIVE For the past 25 years, forest cover (LULCF) account for around 10% the world do not yet properly reflect SUMMARY in temperate climate countries has of the global net carbon emissions societal and environmental costs of 1 been stable or increasing. Since the (mainly from tropical deforestation). climate change and are still too low 1960s however, tropical forests are When considering gross emissions to reduce emissions fast enough to experiencing severe pressure and (total anthropogenic emissions from limit global warming to a safe level. deforestation and forest degradation deforestation without the deduction Without the right level of ambition on Although many studies suggest that have increased with alarming rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Did Global Warming Stop in 1998?
    Why Did Global Warming Stop in 1998? Because global warming is caused by ozone depletion, not by greenhouse gases Global mean surface temperatures remained relatively constant from 1945 to 1970, rose sharply from 1970 to 1998, and have remained essentially constant since 1998 (red bars to the right). All major compilations of surface temperatures on land and at sea show this basic trend. Meanwhile, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (green line) have risen every year since 1945 at ever increasing rates. The sudden increase in temperature beginning around 1970 and ending in 1998 is a distinctly different trend from the continuous increase in carbon dioxide from 1945 to present. Dozens of scientific papers have been written trying to explain this stark difference in terms of natural variation of climate systems. Nevertheless, many scientists are beginning to agree that 16 years of relatively constant temperatures since 1998 is becoming harder and harder to explain based on greenhouse gas theory. In 1984, climate scientists noticed that ozone in Trends in temperature (red bars), tropospheric chlorine Earth’s atmosphere above Antarctica was depleted (blue line) and ozone depletion (purple line) over the past 70 (decreased) by as much as 50% in late winter and years are distinctly different from trends in concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (green line). early spring compared to measurements prior to 1970. In 2011, depletion reached 45% above the In the 1960s, human-made chlorofluorocarbons Arctic. The zonal average amount of ultraviolet (CFCs) began to be used widely as refrigerants, radiation reaching Earth increased from 1979 to 1998 solvents, and spray-can propellants.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impacts of Surface Albedo on Climate And
    1 THE IMPACTS OF SURFACE ALBEDO ON CLIMATE AND 2 BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION: REVIEW AND 3 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 4 5 6 7 Xin Xu (corresponding author) 8 Research Assistant 9 Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering* 10 Phone: 617-898-8968 11 [email protected] 12 13 Jeremy Gregory 14 Research Scientist 15 Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering * 16 Phone: 617-324-5639 17 [email protected] 18 19 Randolph Kirchain 20 Principal Research Scientist 21 Institute for Data, Systems and Society* 22 Phone: 617-253-4258 23 [email protected] 24 25 *Material Systems Laboratory 26 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 27 Building E38-432 28 Cambridge, MA 02139 29 Fax: 617-258-7471 30 31 32 A Paper Submitted for Presentation at the Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting 33 34 Submission Date: August 1st, 2015 35 36 37 38 Word count: 6226 words text + 7 tables/figures x 250 words (each) = 7976 words TRB 2016 Annual Meeting Paper revised from original submittal. Xu, Gregory, Kirchain 2 1 ABSTRACT 2 Rapid urbanization has changed land use and surface properties, which has an effect on regional 3 and even global climate. One of the mitigation strategies proposed to combat urban heat island 4 (UHI) and global warming as a result of urban expansion is to increase the solar reflectance (or 5 albedo) of the urban surfaces (mainly roofs and roads). Despite the observed local cooling effect 6 in many studies, the regional and global climate impacts induced by land surface change are still 7 not well understood, especially the indirect and larger-scale effects of changes in urban albedo on 8 temperature and radiation budget.
    [Show full text]
  • Solving the Global Cooling Challenge How to Counter the Climate Threat from Room Air Conditioners
    Solving the Global Cooling Challenge How to Counter the Climate Threat from Room Air Conditioners By Iain Campbell, Ankit Kalanki, and Sneha Sachar A report by M OUN KY T C A I O N R I N E STIT U T Authors & Acknowledgments Authors Iain Campbell, Ankit Kalanki, and Sneha Sachar (AEEE) * Authors listed alphabetically. All authors from Rocky Mountain Institute unless otherwise noted. Contacts Iain Campbell, [email protected] Ankit Kalanki, [email protected] Suggested Citation Sachar, Sneha, Iain Campbell, and Ankit Kalanki, Solving the Global Cooling Challenge: How to Counter the Climate Threat from Room Air Conditioners. Rocky Mountain Institute, 2018. www.rmi.org/insight/solving_the_global_cooling_challenge. Editorial/Design Editorial Director: Cindie Baker Editor: Laurie Guevara-Stone Layout: Aspire Design, New Delhi Images courtesy of iStock unless otherwise noted. Acknowledgments The authors thank the following individuals/organizations for offering their insights and perspectives on this work. The names are listed in alphabetical order by last name. Omar Abdelaziz, Clean Energy Air and Water Technologies, FZE Paul Bunje, Conservation X Labs Alex Dehgan, Conservation X labs Sukumar Devotta, Former Director at National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Gabrielle Dreyfus, Institute of Governance and Sustainable Development John Dulac, International Energy Agency Chad Gallinat, Conservation X Labs Ben Hartley, SEforALL Saikiran Kasamsetty, Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy Satish Kumar, Alliance for an Energy Efficient
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Mid-Glacial Ice Sheets on Deep Ocean Circulation and Global Climate
    Clim. Past, 17, 95–110, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-95-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Impact of mid-glacial ice sheets on deep ocean circulation and global climate Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, and Akira Oka Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan Correspondence: Sam Sherriff-Tadano ([email protected]) Received: 27 May 2020 – Discussion started: 12 June 2020 Revised: 25 September 2020 – Accepted: 10 November 2020 – Published: 12 January 2021 Abstract. This study explores the effect of southward ex- 1 Introduction pansion of Northern Hemisphere (American) mid-glacial ice sheets on the global climate and the Atlantic Meridional During the last glacial period, ice sheets evolved drasti- Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as well as the processes cally over the northern continent (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005; by which the ice sheets modify the AMOC. For this pur- Clark et al., 2009; Grant et al., 2012; Spratt and Lisiecki, pose, simulations of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (36 ka) 2016, Fig. 1). After the initiation of the Northern Hemisphere and 5a (80 ka) are performed with an atmosphere–ocean gen- glacial ice sheets at the end of the last interglacial, the ice eral circulation model. In the MIS3 and MIS5a simulations, sheets expanded over northern North America and northern the global average temperature decreases by 5.0 and 2.2 ◦C, Europe during the early glacial period, Marine Isotope Stage respectively, compared with the preindustrial climate sim- 5d-a (MIS5d-a, 123–71 ka; Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), ulation.
    [Show full text]