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Volume 2 Number \\ \ B Price ; 2 FranL = oooo»: o

Collections of French Literature in American Libraries PROF. J. L. GERIG, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

The Franco -American Entente : Jean Charlemagne Bracq

Travel in Brittany

Book Reviews - New Books

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Collections of French Literature in American Libraries Prof. J. L. Gerig, Columbia University

library of Columbia University which, article entitled "Du Racine inedit a Columbia THEit must be frankly admitted, is neither University." so extensive nor important as some of Another graduate student, Miss Harriet D the libraries of other great American universities, MacPherson, who was preparing a Master s has nevertheless scattered about in its different essay on "Editions off Beaumarchais in the collections works of rare value and historic Libraries of New York", found in the Columbia interest. Many of these volumes were purchased Library at about the same time a collection of during the eighties and nineties by the then rare pamphlets, bound in one volume, relating librarian, Mr. Baker, a real bibliophile — a to the Goezman affair. The handwriting of — characteristic not always common to librarians the index and some notes is, without doubt, is of a and a scholar of vision. During that interesting the eighteenth century ; and there remote

epoch when Professor Wm. I. Knapp of Yale possibility that it might be by Beaumarchais University was building up his splendid collec himself. tion of rare Spanish books which now form the nucleus of the Library of the Hispanic Society, II. Mr. Baker was also purchasing books that struck his fancy or that he considered important These interesting discoveries should not, from the bibliographical or historical point of however, be considered as unusual or even

view. So quietly and unostentatiously did he extraordinary, for what has been said of the

carry on his work that it often happened that Library of Columbia University might apply many of his colleagues were not aware of the no doubt to other libraries. We should not be

value or extent of his purchases. This same oblivious of the fact that our American libraries method was pursued by at least one of his suc are being built up rather rapidly. One Paris

cessors, which explains the fact that from time bookseller, for example, has stated that in the

to time so-called discoveries are made in the first nine months of the year 1921 he alone

Library of Columbia University. shipped more than 570 boxes of books to the

During the past academic year, for example, United States. Many of us are aware, perhaps, of Mr. Howson, the assistant librarian, found on of the recent important acquisitions the — the shelves of the section of Greek and Latin Library of the University of Michigan espe

a volume of Dionysius of Hahcarnassus which cially the collection of inedited letters of Beau

was purchased at least as early as 1884. At marchais. Also a few years ago, the extensive

the foot of the title-page was the name Racine collection of French drama of the Lintilhac I written in a beautiful round hand. Interspersed Library was purchased, believe, by the Leland in the text and in the margin were notes in the Stanford Junior University, while the Storel

same handwriting. After careful examination collection of books, pamphlets, etc. on French in and comparison with other specimens, it was literature of the sixteenth century is now shown that the handwriting was that of Jean Dartmouth College. Many other interesting Racine, the great dramatic poet of the seventeenth collections might also be cited, such as, for exam

century. One of our graduate students, Mr. H. ple, the collection of pamphlets relating to the

Cargill Sprietsma, now Cutting Fellow in France, Revolution and the Republic of 1848, which made the necessary investigations and published has reposed for many years in Virginia State them in the Renaissance of last August in an Library.

227 In view of these well known examples, may it certain more 1 limited fields. The Reverend not seem advisable for the members of the Acton Griscom, for example, has placed on

Romance section of the Modern Language the shelves of our library his valuable collection

Association of America to organize at some time of documents and books pertaining to Jeanne is in the near future a survey of our libraries, for d'Arc and her epoch ; and he continually add the purpose of ascertaining and listing all such ing thereto. Furthermore, by the fortunate

important collections as well as others that may location of Columbia Unive sity within the

have escaped our attention? A few years ago, confines of this large city, we are able to co

while preparing an article on "Celtic Studies in operate with local libraries. Thus it is possible the United States", I attempted to make a for the New York Public Library to purchase limited survey of this character for the use certain books which we could not afford—nor 1 of students. It was surprising and, indeed, at times deem wise —to add to our collection.

most gratifying to learn of the wealth of certain As for Spanish, it would not be advantageous libraries, especially the Mercantile Library of to do otherwise than supplement the very

Philadelphia, in things Celtic. important collection now housed in the head of On the other hand, Miss MacPherson found quarters of the Hispanic Society America. — in the libraries of New York among which But in the case of regionalism, when, some eight

there are some seventy containing works of or ten years ago it was anticipated that this interest to the student of Romance languages — subject might become important with the course — several editions of Beaumarchais not listed in of events, we found that our local libraries — standard bibliographies of that author. excepting that of the Hispanic Society were Again it happens not infrequently in the United not only inadequately provided with works — States that individual works and sometimes of importance, but that for certain reasons — collections disappear from the shelves of of their own, were unable to encourage deve

our libraries. In the survey of Celtic material lopment of this subject. We have, therefore,

referred to above, there was noted in a catalogue made only a fair beginning by adding to this of an eastern library, published about the middle library various regionalistic histories, biogra

of the nineteenth century, a collection of books phies, bibliographies, inventories of archives,

on Wales and Welsh literature left as a legacy tc, of France and other Latin countries. When thereto by a certain Celtic scholar. Not only Edouard Herriot, now prime minister of France, have all traces of that collection disappeared, visited Harvard and Columbia in September but it is not even certain that the works forming 1923, he seemed to be impressed by the utility A the collection ever reached the library in question. of suchrcollections. former professor in the — if, Such a survey of course, it should ever Lycee Ampere of Lyons, M. Herriot has always — of be undertaken might also aid materially in been a staunch advocate regionalism. of is of bringing about a greater degree specialization A third point importance the systematic a of along certain lines by the authorities our development of smaller libraries which such • libraries. A few years ago the Department survey might encourage. As everyone knows,

of Romance Languages of Princeton University work in our subjects has suffered heretofore brought up that important subject for discussion. through inadequate library facilities. Where — As I did not happen to attend that annual meeting funds are necessarily very limited as in small — I of the Association am unable to state what colleges it is important that the librarian if action was taken. In that regard, I may be should know what books are essential and how

excused for mentioning a specific example, the purchase of them may be most economically

while we are seeking here at Columbia to provide made. Many of us have often received requests of a a general working library for both graduate and for information as to the disposal small — undergraduate students as our limited funds library budget in the most efficient and satis

and space do not permit of specialization in factory manner. Hence the suggestion might —

— if of of all the extensive subjects our field we have be made that such a committee survey at the same time been attempting during the one should ever be formed —attempt to create a past ten or more years to give special emphasis certain standard lists of what is essential for a to the growth of regionalism in the Latin coun small library. Recently, for example, librarian

tries. This form of specialization does not informed me that he had been granted permission in in preclude the possibility of development to 'subscribe to four reviews the Rommce

228 field, providing they be apportioned satisfactorily librarians for use in purchasing the numerous among the three leadingiRomance languages — essential volumes mentioned therein? French, Italian and Spanish. In view of the special conditions obtaining in the institution III. where he happens to be, I recommended — Bayle not having any authoritative standard to guide The Collection of Letters of Pierre — me the Revue des Deux Mondes and the Revue in Columbia University. d'Histoire litteraire de la France, the Giornata Storico and the Revista de archivos. Turning now from our brief survey of the On the other hand, when libraries are allowed general subject, we shall not attempt to make to grow spasmodically, without receiving due any technical description of the letters of Pierre attention, curious Bayle, for that would conditions often res' be unnecessarily ted ult. A few years ious. A few general ago attention was facts may, however, called to the fact be of interest. that a certain library During the spring possessed several of the year 1906, editions of a second Professor Vladimir rate popular German G. Simkhovitch, of novelist, and practic the Department of ally nothing else in History, happened to the Germanic field. notice in a London At Columbia we are catalog the offer for continually finding sale of a collection inexplicable gaps of about 150 manus which we are earn cript letters of Pierre estly seeking to fill. Bayle at a price of And this holds true, £22. As the library no doubt, for many budgets of both the libraries. Departments of His And finally, libraries tory and Romance should be supplied JAMES HAZEN HYDE Languages had already with information as T N 19113 Mr. Hyde presented to Harvard University been exhausted, Pro to where and how the Bocher collection on Montaigne, and Moliere, fessor Simkhovitch and other 17th French dramatists. This was to purchase foreign century appealed to Professor one of the first important collections of French Wendell T. Bush, books to the best literature presented to an American University. advantage. While most of the Department librarians are well of Philosophy, who, posted in that regard, with his usual some seem to be totally unaware of the best generosity, supplied the sum necessary for the methods of procedure. Provost W. H. Car purchase of the documents. penter, under whose general supervision the Although the dealers were of the opinion that Columbia Library is conducted, encourages the letters had all been edited, investigations the members of the staff to make trips abroad were made ; and when it was found that apparently for the purpose of acquiring this necessary the first fifty were published in the edition of information. It is to be hoped that this may be Nouvelles Letires (La Haye, 1739, 2 vols.), the come more general, and that Librarians may in matter was allowed to drop. The letters were this way and others become more familiar with then duly catalogued among Bayle's works, the book market. and seem to have remained undisturbed until We have fortunately, at last, an admirable the autumn of this year. At the suggestion of work by Professor Morize of Harvard for the President Butler, who has always taken an active guidance of students in graduate study. May interest in the Romance field, a survey of our we not foresee the publication of a guide for library material was instituted. When Pro

2?9 fessor van Roosbroeck began to compare these he takes sometimes extracts verbatim to be manuscript], letters with the collections in print, inserted in his periodical, or, on other occasions, it was soon found that many were totally inedited transmits the Nouvelles which he received to and most of the remainder only partly edited. another correspondent. In a sense, one can Furthermore, instead of 150 letters as announced say that Bayle's correspondence reveals his by the dealers, investigation revealed that the collaborators. He was never tired of putting collection really contained 160 letters. To this questions to them, and asks with the most number we have since added an inedited letter painstaking care for exact information on all to Menage and some brief notes jotted down matters that interested him. Daniel Larroque in haste by the great encyclopaedist. sends him news from England and puts him in The importance of these letters is twofold. relation with the English savants, especially In the first place they cover the entire intellectuel with Dr. Thomas Smith of the Royal Society, life of Bayle, beginning in the autumn of 1670 to whom there are, accordingly, many references when he left France to take up his studies in both in the correspondence and in the Nouvelles Geneva and extending to 1706, the year of his de la Republique des Lettres. Again, the French death. Furthermore, the editors of the eight refugees send back to France in their letters eenth century editions of his letters were very the ideas of Locke and Newton. The physicist careful to suppress all passages —and they are Denis Papin communicates to Bayle translations numerous —that revealed Bayle's strong incli of his papers for the Philosophical Transactions. nation toward Protestantism or, at times, apparent The archeologist Jacques Spon sends him news infidelity. Again, entire paragraphs are remod from Lyons ; and the theologian Pierre Allix elled wherein the cold pomposity of the eight makes him acquainted with German thinkers, eenth century oratorical style is substituted for among others J. C. Wagenseil. And lastly, he Bayle's intimate patois phraseology, so rich was in correspondance with Malebranche and Du in local color. Likewise, all details of family life Rondel, whose ideas made a powerful appeal —so important to us for an understanding of to him. his character —are either transformed into general It is obvious from the very beginning of this statements or omitted altogether. correspondence that the Bayle family was under In the second place, the importance of these suspicion, for both he and his brother had to letters consists in the fact that they are the take the greatest precautions in the manner precursors of Bayle's Nouvelles de la Ripublique of dispatching their letters. Fourteen years des Lettres. Some have the dimensions of a later —toward the end of the year 1684 —diffi small pamphlet, and are not only a testimonial culties are raised against the Nouvelles ; and by of his inherent desire for communication, but the beginning of 1685, the sale of the periodical in addition, seem to serve him as a record of the is forbidden. On June 11, 1685, his brother is growth of his intellectual life. As has already imprisoned without charge ; and it is generally been noted in regard to Bayle's abundant foot believed that this action was a token of revenge notes to his Dictionary, so we find in his letters upon Bayle himself. On November 12 Jacob a miscellany of variegated notes on a wide range dies in prison, ten days before the King signed — of subjects theology, philosophy, literature, the order for his release. It was even rumored medicine, politics, etc. That Bayle was fully that the government of Louis XIV intended to aware of this tendency of his omnivorous and abduct Bayle from Holland. And his life restless mind, is obvious from the fact that closed, as it had begun, under the cloud of already in 1673 he wrote to Vincent Minutoli innuendo, suspicion and even persecution. from Coppet : " Je continue a solliciter votrc curiosite en faveur de la IV. mienne ; car je vois bien que mon instability des nouvelles est une de ces maladies contre lesquelles tous les remedes £ The first edition of letters by Pierre Bayle blanchissent. C'est une hydropisie toute pure; plus on lui was issued in 1714, in three volumes, by Prosper fournit et pluj elle demande... 'en ai done pour toute J Marchand, under the title "Lettres choisies de ma vie..." Bayle". This edition was received with pro Finally, it should not be overlooked that the test by the f iends of Bayle who accused Mar letters from his correspondents are generally chand of having altered the text and of having sourc s of information for Bayle. From them added some absurd notes. As a consequence,

230 — a pamphlet appeared "Remarques critiques sur published by him and added thereto 56 inedited l'edition des Lettres de M. Bayle, faite a Rotter ones, which increased the total published to

dam en 1714. Oil Ton donne un echantillon 351. So, as far as the correspondence is con " " des faussetes, des bevues et des impertinences cerned, the CEuvres Diverses constitute the qui se trouvent dans les Notes du Sieur Mar- standard edition.

is in the ff chand". (A copy Columbia Library). Another collection of Bayle's letters appeared

those in What was the origin of letters? Another 1 in " 739 two volumes under the title "Nouvelles pamphlet affords an answer : Lettre de M. Des Lettres de M. P. Bayle", containing 150 letters a des

Maisseaux Coste sur l'Edition Lettres in M. " all. Though the editor is unknown, he was de faite a Rotterdam... Des M. Bayle, Mais probably some member of the family, for the seaux declares therein that he regrets that these letters are all addressed to Bayle's father, mother letters, had been entrusted to him which by or two brothers. As all of . the members of the friends of Bayle, were not correctly edited and Bayle's family died before he did, these letters' disclaims all for the notes of the responsibility probably passed into the hands of his cousins, 1714 edition. He explains furthermore that de Bruguieres and de Naudis, and were later he had sent the letters to Holland, to the printers entrusted to an editor by their descendants. Fritsch and Bohm, and that the latter had pro This collection was also prepared with much mised to send him the proofs. When he received negligence. The manuscript in the library the first sheets he was astonished to note that of Columbia University reveals that a gr at entire letters had been omitted, that important number of sentences and passages were sup been made in others, and that changes had pressed at times without discrimination, though incorrect notes had been added... Consequently, in general because of the bold opinions therein he wrote to the publishers in regard to the errors expressed. The total number of letters by in the notes and the abridgement of the litters. is, Bayle published in the eighteenth century From that time on he failed to receive any further then, 501. However, this repr sents but a very proofs and did not see the volumes before they small part of his enormous output, for his were issued in final form. We learn in addition correspondence certainly equalled that of Vol from Des Maisseaux that Prosper Marchand of taire, and the number of known letters the had been engaged by the publishers only to latter exceeds 12,000. And just as Voltaire's edit the volumes, but had taken over the sole letters reflect his times, so Bayle's are a mirror direction of the publication. This disfigured of of the intellectual life his period, while his edition is, according to Des Maisseaux, fragment irrepressible curiosity and marvelous memory and ary unreliable. transform them into critical treatises. of But this is not the end the polemic that raged From the eighteenth century on to the present about the Marchand edition, for the latter was — — day, a few letters about 75 in all have appeared attacked in a third pamphlet, "Apostille ou

here and there in fifteen different works or Dialogue d'un Tour nouveau," in which publications. Fo- example, Emile Gigas pub once more he is taken to task for the changes

lished 24 inedited letters of Bayle in his "Lettres made in Bayle's text, as well as for the unre

inedites de divers savants" (tome I, 1890); liability of his commentary. This first (or

while E. P. Denis, in his article on "Lettres Marchand) edition in three volumes contained

inedites de P. Bayle" in the Revue d'Histoire in all 253 letters. Litt&aire added 29 more. Without Fifteen years later (1729) Des Maisseaux (1912-13)

going further into detail, it is obvious that the reissued the same letters in a more correct

known correspondence of Bayle comprises from form, with the addition of 42 unpublished ones, about 575 to 600 letters. This small number bringing thus the number of letters known up

is indeed astonishing, when we recall that Des to 295. His edition is entitled "Lettres de Bayle, Maisseaux, who was personally acquainted publiees sur les originaux avec des remarques

with many of Bayle's friends, devoted the major par Des Maisseaux", Amsterdam, 1729, 's portion of his life to the collection of the latter 3 vols. At that time Des Maisseaux was issuing the correspondence. " " of in GEuvres diverses of Bayle, which appeared Besides the collec ion letters the Library of from 1727 to 1731, in 4 vols., folio. He re Columbia Univer lty, the following four MSS

printed in these volumes the letters already collections are known to exist :

231 1. Library of the University of Leyden. guage Association ; his accurate appreciation 2. Bibliotheque Royale de La Haye. of his own shortcomings (letter of May 1688 to his cousin de Naudis) ; and his keen judgment 3. Bibliotheque Nationale (some of which are of the Mdnagiana to the Parisian lawyer known to be copies). (letters Pinsson des Riolles, June 25, 1693 and May 27, 4. Des Maisseaux MSS in the British Mu 1694). seum. As stated above, more than thirty of the In conclusion it may be said that many im letters in the Columbia manuscript appear to portant facts will be elucidated by the publi be entirely inedited. The President of Columbia cation of this correspondence —Bayle's early University has requested .Prof essor van Roos- struggles against poverty (letter to his brother, broeck and myself to prepare an accurate critical September 3, 1674) ; his youthful efforts to edition of the whole collection. This enormous develop a literary style (letter to Minutoli, undertaking, it is hoped, will shed more light 1674) which Mr. Haxo has so ably discussed on the life and work of one of the greatest recently in the Publications of the Modern Lan figures the intellectual world has ever known.

Miss Schermerhorn's "Benjamin Constant, The Hawthornden prize for the best imagi of 1767-1830", Professor Hazen says, is the first native work. by a writer under forty years comprehensive study of the great French Lib age has been awarded to R. H. Mottram for eral, and is a notable work, ample in its learn his novel, "The Spanish Farm". ing, rich in its literary texture, keen and deli of cate and sure in its psychology, mature and The gold medal of the National Institute mellow its . 1 has been in philosophy (Heinemann. 924. 25/ -.) Arts and Letters awarded to Edith

Wharton. She is the first woman to receive

"The Folk-music of the Western Hemis this award. ' is of of a phere the subject list references in the New York Public Library, compiled by In his latest novel, entitled "Jonah" (Mc- a Julius Mattfield of its Music Division, and re Bride) Robert Nathan has attempted portrait of of It by cently published it. includes material the prophet, Jonah, the forlorn rebel the not only on Indian and Negro music, but also Bible, who in Mr. Nathan's hands, assumes on Creole, Cowboy, Canadian, and Eskimo somewhat the character of a symbol not only of music. his age but of our own. It is heralded as his finest and most substantial work.

In an introduction to "The Best Stories of Sarah Orne Jewett" recently published by "Few American autobiographies have the of Houghton, Mifflin, Miss Cather says, "If I were urbanity, the breadth viewpoint, the nice asked to name three American books which sense of what gossip to tell and what to omit, of in have the possibility a long, long life, I would that one finds Maurice Francis Egan's 'Re — of say at once, 'The Scarlet Letter', 'Huckle collections a Happy Life' (Doran), John It is berry Finn', and 'The Country of the Pointed Farrer says. from first to last stimulating, I Firs . can think of no others that confront graceful, genuinely amusing." time and change so serenely". "Le Theatre de Massinger" by Maurice The most popular British authors, as shown Chelli (Societe d'Edition des Belles Lettres) by the recent Crosby Hall Endowment Fund is said to rank with such contributions to the

poll are the following, in the order of the num literary history of the English stage as M. of : ber votes polled Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Feuillerat's study of John Lilly and M. Caste-

Hardy, Hall Caine, Conan Doyle, H. G. Wells, Iain's study of Ben Jonson. Rider Haggard, Arnold Bennett, Ethel M. Dell, Joseph Conrad, W. G. Locke, G. K. Ches Harvard University Library Notes for De is a terton and Ian Hay. cember devoted to brief description of the

French books in the University Library. These by of "Woodrow Wilson" William Allen White include the Bdcher collection of editions

(Houghton) is described by Thomas L. Masson Montaigne and Moliere, probably unequalled

as of the best biography Woodrow Wilson which elsewhere in the,United States together with a he has seen, but he leaves one uncertain as to large number of dramatic pieces, poetical whether he has seen them all. works, and newspapers.

232 The Franco-American Entente : Jean Charlemagne Bracq

Jean Charlemagne Bracq was born in Cambrai, good French books, and reliable books upon France in 1853, and was educated first at Reims, France, and has contributed to many of the later at Burlington, Vermont, graduated with most important American reviews. He has honours in philosophy at McGill University, delivered hundreds of addresses before Ame and finally spent two years at the Newton rican churches, and has lectured before such Theological Institution. He had come to the institutions as the Institute of Arts and Sciences United States with an enthusisam for American institutions and American life, and a great historic interest which have lasted him through the years. In his youth he had read with interest Sir Walter Scott, and Fenimore Cooper ; at the Newton Theological Institution he became acquainted with the great speculative thinkers, Kant, Hegel, John Stuart Mill, and Spencer ; and he came into contact also with such influences as George Eliot, Emerson, Mrs. Ward, and John Morley. This close contact with British thinkers and writers, and his travels in their country, gave him a sympathy with their national life, and convinced him that France and England must stand side by side to uphold the great interests of civilization. His philosophical studies had prepared him for his work in the French capital under Paul Janet, Auguste Sabatier, Renan, Taine, and eminent professors of literature, and this work was a stepping-stone to his subsequent indebt edness to Renouvier, Fouillee, Boutroux and Bergson. He derived also much from purely literary men such as Anatole France, and he was profoundly affected by Brunetiere's theories of the evolution of literature. While in Paris he became greatly interested in the work of the Rev. Dr. Robert McAll, and in 1885 became representative of the American McAll Association which was attempting to enlist sympathisers for the work, and interpret the French religious situation in America. * In 1891 he became professor of French and French Literature in Vassar College. For him JEAN CHARLEMAGNE BRACQ literature is the most complete expression of a people's life, whose high-water marks in France are to be found not in the more popular of Brooklyn, and the Academy of Moral and works of playwrights and novelists, but in the Political Sciences of Paris. writings of the philosophors, of the critics, and For years he studied the Newfoundland of some few dramatists and writers of fiction. question, and defended French rights in Ottawa With this theme in view Professor Bracq has and in Newfoundland itself. When he read 'been of great help to librarians in suggesting before the Academy of Moral and Political

233 Sciences of Paris'his La Question de Terre Neuve on the provoking policy of the Kaiser with d'apres des sources anglaises, M. Declasse used singular objectivity. He was, strange to say, that paper to settle with Lord Landsdowne the last professor in Vassar to stand for German the question of French rights. as a college requirement, while he always In 1890 he published his "France under the acknowledged the enormous debt which the Republic," which aimed at showing that, world owes to Germany for her culture and her contrary to the assertions of the president of a contributions to the sciences. certain important American University in an He was a delegate to the International Peace address delivered at Bryn}Mawr, the life, of Congress in Rouen in 1903 as well as to that France was healthy and progressive, her colonies of the Hague in 1913 and the National Peace flourishing, her educational system epoch-making, Congress at Nimes in 1904. ' her art and literature, her scientific and social His last published book, The Evolution development, and her religious outlook things of French Canada", is a mark of good faith to be proud of. and pains-taking workmanship. In it he gives All through his life Professor" Bracq has us the fruits of his careful study of the facts

watched with interest the accidents of Germano- about French Canada, the evolution of its French relations. During the war he published social life, its industry and art, and an aspect of "The Provocation of France, or Fifty Years of its religion ; and he gives us also as impartial of German Aggression",. As a pacifist he studied a view as possible the relations between with signal independance of judgment the England and French Canada. The author is of a policiesjof Bismark and his successors towards now engaged in the preparation French

France, and in this book he set forth his theories edition rendering an account of this work. of : Sir Sidney Lee's "King Edward VII" (Macmillan) "William T. Harris a critical study his ', is described by Professor Wilbur Abbott in the educational and related philosophical views

Atlantic Monthly as one of the most valuable and by John S. Roberts, recently published by the

illuminating of the many admirable biographies National Education Association of the United which since Morley's "Gladstone" have enriched States, discusses not only Dr. Harris's philoso

English literature and contributed to the knowledge phical and pedagogical views in -general and the

of English history. relationship between them, but also his views

on the course of study and on school management '

Our Presidents" by James Morgan (Macmillan) and methods of teaching. of contains brief biographies the Presidents of the United States from Washington to Coolidge. in In a symposium The Book Dial, the house

Some of them, the author says, have been dreary

organ of Doubleday, Page, twenty writers tell ; mediocrities perhaps most of them have been how to start reading Joseph Conrad's books. only commonplace, but, taken as a whole, no list Wilson Follett picks out "The Nigger of the Nar

of premiers and no other political succession ,

cissus" to start wiht : Burton Rascoe, "Youth

since 1 789 quite measures up to the presidential which he calls one of the half dozen greatest short

average in ability and character. stories ever written, and Isabel Paterson says, a "If I were introducing Conrad to reader worthy There is an interesting article on books about I I of the privilege, think should give 'The Rover by dogs Walter A. Dyer in The Publishers' Weekly, a a reader, Typhoon' to April. first to woman and man." The Charles Boardman Hawes Prize for the : of of a best story adventure of the past year has been "The Bullwhacker adventures frontier

awarded to Clifford M. Sublette for his story freighter", by William F. Hooker (World Book Co.)

entitled '"The Scarlet Cockerel", published by contains in revised form a number of stories from the Atlantic Monthly press. the author's "Prairie Schooner", published in 1918. of It is devoted to the recital adventures with in Frederick L. Paxson's "History of the American outlaws and Indians Wyoming and Nebraska in Frontier" (Hougton) the American Historical Review the seventies in carrying freight by ox team says is likely to be recognised as the ablest one trains to military posts and Indian reservations

volume history of the West, though not, perhaps, before railroads had been extended to these frontier the most readable. stations.

234 Travel in Brittany

A VILLAGE DANCE IN BRITTANY

After the Painting by A. Leleux " Spell Brittany (From The of ", by Ange M. Mosher. New York. Duffield » Co.)

spirit of Brittany is expressed in its Mrs. Mosher, too, would put this book first. legends and festivals rather than in its "If but four books could be chosen from the THEarchitecture. For this reason the best many relating to Brittany", she says in her book for those who would understand that "Spell of Brittany", "let them be Le Braz* 'Land interesting part of France is "The Land of Par of Pardons', Pierre Loti's Pecheurs cTIslande, dons" by Anatole le Braz. This book, trans Ernest Renan's Souvenirs d'Enfance et de Jeu- lated by Frances M. Gostling, and first pub nesse, and Brizeux poem Marie. Loti's sto lished in 1894, describes the legends and festi ry, one of the loveliest, saddest and therefore vals of St. Ives, the pardon of the poor, of Rumen- truest idylls of Breton life ever written, is avail gol, the pardon of the singers, of St. Ronary, able in an English translation entitled 'An the pardon of the mountain, and of St. Anne de Iceland Fisherman* ; Renan's 'Souvenirs' is Palude. the pardon of the sea. These four the called by Professor Mott, 'the most fascinating author thought, made up the religious life of of all his writings'."

the Armorican Bretons. In later editions he Mrs. Mosher's own book consists of essays added a fifth chapter devoted to St. Jean-du- descriptive of the literary associations of Brit Doigt and the pardon of fire. tany as well as its folklore and customs. Among

235 these are essays on Madame de Sevigne, Felix "Brittany and the Bretons", by George de Lamennais, Pierre Loti, and Ernest Renan. Wharton Edwards, is a large and elaborately Of general descriptions of Brittany, however, illustrated record of summer wanderings. perhaps, the best is "A Book of Brittany", by Among other books in English are "A Child S. Baring-Gould. This, after introductory hood in Brittany Eighty Years Ago", by Anne chapters on the Breton people, prehistoric sto Douglas Sedgwick (1919), which contains the ries, the history of Brittany, its architecture, and memories of a French friend whose early life the pardons, describes in some detail the differ was passed inQuimper and its neighborhood, and ent towns from Dinan to Rennes, their histo "War Days in Brittany", by Mrs. Elsie Deming ric buildings and associations. Of traveller's Jarves, a book printed for private distribution narratives "Brittany with Bergere", by William in 1920, consisting of letters written to friends M. E. Whitelock (1914), is an entertaining in the United States who helped in the war account of a three weeks trip in a dog cart; work carried on by the author and her husband "A Vagabond Voyage Through Brittany", by at their Chateau, Val Fleuri, Dinard. Mrs. Lewis Chase (1915), is a delightful record The most useful guide book is that of Joanne, of travel by boat, with a tent for shelter and a "The Seaside Resorts of Britanny", published "Guide des Voies Fluviales, Dinan a Nantes"; by Hachette.

"Cavalier and Puritan : ballads and broadsides the past twenty-five years, and indicating in some illustrating the period of the Great Rebellion, measure the field that still remains to be developed. 1640-1660", edited by H. E. Rollins, professor It includes chapters on tests and measurements, of English in New York University (New York school finance, vocational education, and the University Press) gives a more comprehensive education of exceptional children. view of the period of the interregnum than does any collection hitherto published, the editor says "A King's Lessons in Statecraft : Louis XIV" Only of the any one broadsides has appeared in by Jean Longnon, translated by Herbert Wilson' modern ballad-book, and not more than six have and published by T. Fisher Unwin, contains been reprinted at any time. those parts of the royal author's fragmentary memoirs which relate to the years 1661 and 1666. In ''Milton's Theory of Poetry and Fine Art", The former presents a general view of the state Professor Ida Langdon collects the references of France at the commencement of his reign. in all of Milton's works which throw light on his The latter shows the King in full diplomatic, theory of fine art, and particularly of poetry and political and military activity. The interest of the drama. The chapters entitled "The service both, however, consists not so much in the events rendered by literature" "The principles of selection themselves as in the political reflections which in reading and study", "Disdain of popular opinion" these events suggested. In addition to the memoirs are of more than academic interest. As a whole, the volume contains three other writings by however it is a book for the learned rather than Louis XIV, the first entitled "Reflections on the for the learner. It is published by the Yale Uni role of king", made up from notes written by versity Press. him in 1679 on the necessity of inflicting punish ment, the second, entitled "Instructions to the "Twenty-five Years of American Education", Due d'Anjou", written in 1700, and the third the edited by Professor I.L. Kandel of Teachers College "Plan of a speech", written in 1710. (The Macmillan Co.) is a collection of essays by former students of Professor Paul Monroe describ There is a list of editions of Beaumarchais ing the progress which has been in educational available for study in New York City in the AW' theory and practice in the United States during Work Public Library Bulletin for January.

236 HEX LIBRIS An Illustrated llcciea, Published Monthly .{exceptAugust and Stpttmbar) by THE AMERICAN LIBRARY IN PARIS INC. 10. Rue de l'Elysee, Pari.

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All remittances should be made to order of "EX LIBRIS", Copyring applied for. All rights reserved. THE AMERICAN LIBRARY IN PARIS, Incorporated in 1920. Officers : Robert E Olds, President: Lawrence Slade, Vice-President: 1 G. Cole, Treasurer : W. Dawson Johnston, Secretary end f ttisiiss ExecutiveCommittee: the Presdent, the Secretary, Professor J. Mark Baldwin, L. V. Benet, Elmer E. Roberts. Membership: Life Membership; 2,000 francs; Annual Membership: 100 francs, together with an initial fee of 100 trancs.

The primary aim of Ex Libris is to give its readers information in regard to the best American and English books of general interest. The primary aim of the American Library is to make these books available to its members throughout Europe.

The report of the American Library for recently published "John Shaw Billings" has April shows gifts of books amounting to 370. written an account of his career which should Among the donors were the Vicomte du Peloux, take its place among a librarian's books of Mr. Edward Kirstein of Boston, and Mr. de inspiration beside Mr. Prothero's memoir of Roth. Mr. Kirstein's gift consisted of a care Henry Bradshaw. fully chosen collection of books on American Bradshaw represented European librarianship business practice made at Mr. Kirstein's request as Dr. Billings represented American, libra by the Boston Public Library with the assistance rianship, but different as the two were, in one of specialists at Harvard University and the respect they were alike ; Dr. Billings like Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Bradshaw was a scholar, and understood the total number of subscribers registered was 403. needs of scholars. It was this that led to his This included the following new members : conception of a national medical library, one , Mrs. Susan Dielman, Mrs. E. C. Heartt, Mon in which a student might hope to find a large sieur G. Hoeberlin, Miss L. M. Lindsay, part of the literature relating to any medical Mrs. A. M. Prosser, and Major N. Sitwell. subject, and equal, if not superior, to any library Among those who were already members of the kind in Europe. His dream of such a of the Library one, Mr. B. H. Flurscheim, library came to him in 1861, while he was expressed his desire to increase his annual still a medical student in Cincinnati, and the subscription from one hundred francs to five opportunity for its realisation materializes with hundred. his transfer to the Surgeon-General's Office The book circulation for the month was in 1864. The story of his work in making 10,030 or rive per cent more than during the that great collection of books, and in the prepa corresponding month last year. ration of the "Index Catalogue" and the "Index Medicus", by which the collection was made useful to medical students, is given in two A Great Librarian most interesting chapters. There are great librarians of small libraries Even more interesting, however, is the story and small librarians of great libraries. Dr. of the last years of Dr. Billing's life as librarian Billings of the New York Public Library, of the New York Public Library. Notable when he died in 1913, was a great librarian as were his achievements in the organization of a great library, and Mr. Lydenberg in his of the library of the Surgeon-General's Office

237 between 1864 and 1895, those which distin vating study of Dolly Madison, President guished his work between the latter date and Alderman, who writes on '"Edgar Allan Poe the date of his death in 1913 were more notable and the University of Virginia", and Luigi still because they embraced the extension of Pirandello, who gives an intriguing glimpse library service, not only to men of science into the inner workings of the creative mind. but also to men of affairs ; also because they Daniel Gregory Mason also contributes an involved the solution of the problems of the article on sensationalism in recent musical special library as well as those of the general efforts, and Joseph Collins supplies an inte library which are common to every large com resting appraisal of Anatole France. munity throughout the world. It took him thirt;y-one years to do what did at the Surgeon- h« French Book Selection General's office ; in New York it, took him only seventeen. This was due largely to the For the month of April the Literary Committee assistance which he received from an able of the "Societe" Sek'tana" of Paris chose the following Board of Trustees, and from an efficient library books as the best in its opinion : staff, but it was due in part, no doubt, to the Charles Maurras : La musique intirieure ; Andre fact that when he went to New York he had Chevrillon (de 1'Academie Francaisc) : L'enchante- back of him thirty-one years' experience as ment breton ; Julien Benda : Lettres a Me'lisande ; bibliographer and librarian. Henri Deberly : L'ennemi des siens ; Blaise Cendrars : L'or ; Charles Bonnefon : Histoire d'Allemagne ; The Virginia Quarterly Review Marc Lafargue : Corot : Edouard Ganche : Dans le souvenir de Frederic Chopin ; Pierre Alype : Sous The first number of the Virginia Quarterly la couronne de Salomon : TEmpire dts N?s>us ; Review, published by the University of Virginia, Sous la direction de Gabriel Hanotau* (de 1 Acade- appeared in April. Among its contributors are mie Franchise) ; Hirtoire de Id Nation Jrancaise : Gamaliel Bradford, who contributes a capti- histoire des sciences en France.

Of Aldous Huxley's "Those Barren Leaves" A collection of several hundred volumes consist (Chatto and Windus) the Nation says, "Mr. ing of various editions of the works of Mon Huxley has never written a richer book or one taigne and of books relating to him, was recently in which clearer or more cogent thought lay given to the Princeton University Library by behind the superficial extravagance of his Mme. Le Brun, in the name of Pierre Le Brun, manner. Perhaps because he himself revolted New York architect. All of the known editions in horror from his own hideous masterpiece, of the great author's works published before 'Antic Hay', he has returned to the manner of his death in 1592, including the excessively 'Chrome Yellow'." rare Bordeaux edition of the essays of 1580, are represented in the collection. Professor Louis Cons, of the university faculty in commen There is a selected list of books by ting on the gift, says "the Princeton University and about the Negro in the Survey Graphic Library now possesses one of four oriive leading for March. collections of Montaigne in the world and one of the two largest in the United States". That Theodore Stanton, whose death has jusl portion of the collection consisting of books been reported, spent most of his life in Paris, and and parts of books relating to Montaigne is it was as an interpreter of American Literature one of the most complete in the world. to Europe, the Nation says, that he performed his most interesting function in letters. He In an article on current English fiction in the edited a manual of American Literature for Nineteenth Century for April, H. C. Harwood the Tauchnitz edition, and for ten years con says, "We have no Novelist Laureate. If we ducted a literary department in the Mercure de had, Mr. Hardy would deserve the appoint France devoted to the United States. ment."

238 Book Reviews

Survival or Extinction, by E. M. Fried The book is illustrated with sketches by man. New York. Thomas Seltzer. 1924 Blanche McManus, and has several good maps. 283 pages. Marguerite Holm. A compendium of the articles written by Mr. Friedman on Zionism for the last few Some Aspects of the Modern Story, by —such is the main character of this book years, Alfred C. Ward. London. University by the author of ''International Finance and its of London Press. 1924. 307 pages. Reorganisation". It lacks unity in composi tion, profoundness in thinking ; but it is a handy A book of critical studies, well worth the and easily read review of the problems concer reader's time and concentration. From Na ning the Jews' destiny. thaniel Hawthorne to Katherine Mansfield, the The substance of Mr. Friedman's treatise author diligently surveys the Modern Short may be thus summarised : Scattered minori Story and its accomplishments. He is not ties are bound to disappear. The Jews who given to generalization, for in each chapter we exist no more as a community, even in Russia, note a unity of purpose. His paramount aim are bound to be assimilated. Yet, they are is the short story, as best understood by study worth being preserved as a culture-bearing ing the men who have been its builders and people. Hence the necessity of congregating have given this form of literature its present the scattered Jews in Palestine. important position. This is not a text book In a word, the author is a Zionist and ex for young hopefuls who aspire to the pages of plains why. The chapter headings are inter current magazines ; it does not say "two tea- esting for various reasons. The one, for ins spoonfuls of plot, a pinch of characterization, tance, preceding Chapter VII, "Zionism and boiled three minutes over a quick fire". It is the American Spirit" is questionable even by a concentrated dish of criticism, well seasoned non-members or the Ku Klux Klan. Is it and neatly served. really possible for a man "to love the traditions Harriet S. Bailey. of his childhood and his race, etc... without the least detraction from the loyalty that he gives Henry to the country of his birth or adoption"? 0. Memorial Award Prize Stories Pierre Denoyer. OF 1923, chosen by the Society of Arts and Sciences. New York. Doubleday, Page. The Spell of Algeria and Tunisia, by 1924. 277 pages. Francis Miltoun. Boston. L. C. Page The mania for literary prizes in France has & Co. 1924. 244 pages. proved a golden means of publicity to publish This excellent travel book on Algeria and ing houses. It is unfortunate that no collec Tunis is a revised edition of "The Land of tions of short stories have been included among Mosques and Minarets" — a book that has been these awards, for this might have proved a a standard success for a good many years —and stimulus toward a renaissance of that form of it yields a great deal of information for the literature used as a medium in the past by some armchair traveller. > of the greatest French writers. . Although, as stated in the introduction, con The 0. Henry Prize Stories is a most excel ditions have materially changed in the comfort lent collection. But it would have had a greater with which one travels nowadays even to the interest to me, a Frenchman, if the stories were more remote places, yet, the ways of the native limited to a portrayal of American life. When — be he Arab, Jew, or Berber — have not altered Richard Connell, in "A Friend of Napoleon's", very much, least of all in the desert. and James Mahoney, in "The Hat of Eight The camel, which, it is explained, is not a Reflections ', write about France and the French, camel at all, but a dromedary, has a whole they may convince an American audience ; but chapter, and so has the Arabian steed, though to us, their knowledge of French psychology he is not always the dashing mount one expects is sadly lacking. to see when taking the Arabian Nights as one s Other elements than the true tints of local basic authority. The Barbary Coast revives color, are, of course, equally necessary to the childhood thrills of daring pirates and in the successful short story, —style, discrimination ruins of Carthage one senses a glory that shone in the choice of characters, unity and sequence when Rome was still young— before the African of thought, — these are all of the first impor conquest of Caesar and Augustus, and centuries tance. In this respect, one might cite, as being before the arrival of the Vandals. out-standing in the collection, Miss Synon'

239 "Shadowed", Floyd Dell's "Phanton Adven elementary students the syllabus will be a va ture", and R. S. Lemmon s "Bamboo Trap . luable guide. It is to be regretted that in many R. de Maratray. instances, the author has selected references that are of the least value. In a work covering Charles Proteus Steinmetz— A Biography, the general field of international relations, by J. W. Hammond. New York. Cen however, the value of different chapters is tury Co. 1924. 482 pages. necessarily uneven. Considered as a whole the syllabus chould be of value to college stu- The life story of one of the outstanding dento. scientists of modern times is told by a man who worked in the same organization and was in Secret Societies and Subversive Move more or less daily contact with him for several ments, by N. H. Webster. London. years. Boswell Printing and Pub. Co. 1924. Steinmetz, knows, Dr. as the world afflicted 419 pages. by severe physical handicaps, rose by sheer brain power to the highest honors the engi Mrs. Webster's excellent book is one that neering profession had to offer. This biography cannot be dealt with fairly in a short review. gives us an intimate picture of his childhood Briefly, however, the author traces the revolu days, his student period at the universities of tionary movements which have taken place in Breslau and Zurich and his encounters with Europe and Asia in recent years to the activi governmental authority due to socialistic acti ties of secret societies. She gives us, based on vities. It then transports us,, via steerage, to serious documentation, a clear survey of the America, to Yonkers, New York, where his social events which owe their existance to these first history-making work on magnetism or secret organizations, and studies their various hysteresis was carried on at the little plant of kinds, explaining their aims and methods of Rudolph Eickemeyer, one of the electrical action. pioneers. When this factory and business Mrs. Web ster has here given to the public a was taken over by the General Electrical Com profound and scientific work for the study of pany in 1892 Steinmetz was transfered with the social and political history of Europe. others of the staff, and there he remained a A. Mischtchenko. much loved character till the end of his life. Dr. Steinmetz's work with alternating cur Joseph Conrad, A Personal Remembrance, rents soon became one of the cornerstones of by Ford Madox Ford. London. Duck the science of electricity but his later specta worth & Co. 1924. cular investigations with artificial lightning This is a personal- remembrance indeed. brought hinf*much more prominently to the Conrad is the pretext for the author to say attention of the layman. much about himself. Mr. Ford, pretending to The story of all these involved technical ignore the pronoun "I", always says instead, "the researches is told in a manner readily under writer' , a form of false modesty which irritates. standable by one who may not, as Will Rogers But that impression, though bad, is of no great once said, "Know a short circuit from a long importance ; Conrad is the person in question, shot", and the kindly, companionable side of not Mr. Ford. his daily and home life is charmingly depicted. Conrad, born in Poland, as everyone knows, In brief, the book is by no means a critical was taken to England when a child by an emis character analysis, or of a retrospective nature, sary of Lord Palmerston. Lord Palmerston but the story of a great man who lived simply at that time was sowing gold all over Poland to told in a simple manner. blow foes in Russia's face. The young boy, A. L. Powell. whose father was one of the Polish Revolutio naries, lived in exile in England with his mother Syllabus on International Relations, by for several years, and this, no doubt, is the cu Parker Thomas Moon. New York. Mac- rious origin of his ambition to be taken for an millan. 1925. 276 pages. English country gentleman of the time of Lord This syllabus has two distinct phases. First, Palmerston. it gives a list of books covering world problems ; Although there can be nothing "personal" second, it gives an outline of the major phases of in the recollections of Conrad's youth, Mr. Ford those problems. The primary purpose is to not having known him till much later, the early provide for a "one-year course affording a years are dwelt on in some detail, —the years at comprehensive survey of the history as well as sea and in the Orient, as well as his magnifi the economic, geographic, sociological and cent mastering of the English language. Never other aspects of international relations". For theless, he knew French belter than English ;

240 in French he was perfectly at home, in English together in Charleston in 1857, three years never. Why he chose the latter language as before the great artist's death. his medium in writing would seem rather per The life of Charles Fraser, as told in these plexing. Mr. Ford, however, gives a possible pages, presents him in his varied abilities as explanation. On the one hand, Conrad used being a true South Carolinian in education and to say that in English there were no stylists, traditional spirit. Born August 20, 1782, he or rare ones, while the French bristled with witnessed in his youth the days of financial them. Hence possibly his ambition to be one struggle which followed the Revolution ; he of the rare English stylists of the century. played an active part in civic life, practised Mr. Ford writes : "It is in pausing for a word successfully at the Bar, became a noted orator that lies the salvation of all writers. The proof on social subjects, followed with keen interest of prose is in the percentage of right words . the political- developments in the South, and French words came with such thoughtless ease died on the eve of the Civil War. to Conrad, that in English it was doubtless He had been admitted to the Bar in 1807, only in the pregnant, rather groping pause, and continued to practise until 1818 when the that he would fall upon le mot juste. taste for art which he had felt since boyhood One of the charms of Mr. Ford's book is the became irresistible in its attraction. It was rare quality of his own writing, personal, color in 1800 that he took up miniature painting, his — ful, concise, a quality of which, however, he first master being a French artist named Belzons, is well aware, since he speaks of himself as but the influence of Malbone being, according "the finest stylist in the English language". to Miss Huger Smith, very evident in his work from 1818, when he withdrew from the Bar and Pierre Denoyer. began his artistic career properly speaking, until 1830, which inaugurated his great period. Charles Fraser, by Alice R. Huger Smith Miss Huger Smith writes : and D. E. Huger Smith. Illustrated. "As we approach 1830, his own distinctive New York. Frederic Fairchild Sherman. style becomes very sure and beautiful, and 1924. 58 pages. probably owes something to the greater fami liarity with the work of others, made possible It is highly appropriate that the first author by his frequent visits to the North, and by the itative book on the life and work of Charles temporary sojourn in Charleston of many noted Fraser should be from the pen of Miss Alice painters of the day. Huger Smith. For if Charles Fraser of Char "He employed more of the stipple and less leston occupies a place all his own among the of the cross-hatching ; and one of the very fine early American miniature painters, Miss Huger points, shown in his colour schemes, reaches Smith has created an art of her own in her perhaps its highest mark. This point is his drawings, etchings, and aquarelles of Char use of grey backgrounds — but grey with diffe leston and of the Coast Country, whose sug rences ; grey like the feathers of a dove, shading gestive lines and enchanting color render with sometimes blue, sometimes yellow ; grey with new qualities of subtlety, fidelity, and ideality a green or perhaps a warm pinkish tone, but the scenes familiar to her childhood and seized always luminous and never muddy. At all with rare understanding by her artist eye. periods he introduced occasionally clouds and Miss Huger Smith has here applied the same blue sky ; but these grey backgrounds he is apt careful method of research and selection which to break in his rectangular miniatures with a characterized her former volume "The Dwel column or the edge of a wall or window. His ling Houses of Charleston", for which she also flesh tones are almost always fresh and trans had the enlightened collaboration of her father, parent, and the modelling very delicately yet Mr. D. E. Huger Smith. The fifty or more firmly done. miniatures which serve as illustrations are of "After about 1840 there is to be noted a men and women whose names are distinguished change in his style ; but, as few examples of the in the annals of the State, and include further following decade have been available for this more the miniature of La Fayette painted by examination, this opinion may have been for Fraser for the City of Charleston on the occa med on insufficient numbers. The work seems sion of the Franco-American patriot's visit to be broader and coarser, but that he sometimes there in 1825. These miniatures, most of equalled his former average is shown by the which still belong to the descendants of those reproduction of the very charming miniature who sat for them, were loaned to Miss Huger of Miss Elizabeth Sarah Faber, painted in Smith for the purpose of her present book, 1846. forming a new and unique "Fraser Gallery" . "His grasp of character throughout his career which recalls the original Gallery brought is amazing, and he is uncompromising in his

241 delineation. His sitters are before you, looking Letters from W. H. Hudson to Edward out at you, and you may like them or you may Garnett, ed. Edward Garnett. London. not, just as you may or may not care for an Dent & Sons. 1925. 218 pages. acquaintance ; but they seem ready to take their part in conversation with you on any subject. The Hudson of the "Letters to Edward Gar is They are not there to be observed —they are nett" essentially the Hudson of the "Travel ler in individuals to be considered. Such is the im Little Things", of "Far and Away and Long Ago", and above all of Shepherd's Life", pression made by a gathering of Fraser minia "A of remote, tures. Perhaps this is because of the painter's that story the downland places. own attitude towards his subjects. He knew They are the letters of a man who "looks on them. Their lives and his moved on together, the .wars of kites and crows as of more import ance our affairs", and he presented the individuality of each. than petty human a man bird, This is sh6wn markedly in his portraiture of the whose spirit is wild and shy as that of a long line of notable men who helped to make whose only real human loves are the little chil the history of his time, and with most of whom dren at play. nothing new, he had intimate and personal association". There is nothing startling in The publisher of "Charles Fraser", Mr. Fre these simple, friendly letters ; there is perhaps deric Fairchild Sherman, announces that this nothing which would even interest very much one who did is the "first volume of a new series devoted to not know Hudson's other writings. lies, the greatest of the early American miniatu Their charms for the most part, in their simplicity and and in the rists' . Later volumes will deal with Malbone, sincerity, glimpse Robert Field, Benjamin Trott, and others. which all such letters give into the heart of the writer. There is an imperative need for such a series. thing wish, — In wishing it success, one may venture to ex One alone we might that we had been press the hope that the volumes to follow may spared the some twenty pages of Hudson, present the same living interest and high docu reintroduction to which Mr. Garnett gives us. To one who knows Hudson's works mentary value as the initial work which' Miss — Alice R. Huger Smith and Mr. D. E. Huger it is unnecessary, to one who does not know Smith have so admirably compiled. them it could be nothing but tedious. Warrington Dawson. J. A. L.Shercliff.

The Wind and the Rain, by Thomas Burke. The Life of James Elroy Flecker, from Letters and Materials provided by his London. Thornton Butterworth. 1925. Mother, by Geraldine Hodgson. Oxford. 309 pages. Basil Blackwell. 1925. 288 pages. A number of years ago an unknown writer named Thomas Burke published a book of If one is at all interested in James Elroy short stories called "Limehouse Nights". It Flecker, this "Life" will prove useful, though was, and for the most deservedly, an enor not entirely satisfactory. It gives us chrono part, mous success, but it had unfortunate results : logical facts, some little insight, but for the most the public clamored for more and Mr. Burke part leaves us wondering just what was Flecker, endeavored to satisfy their appetite. The outside the order of events from his birth to his consequence was that he wrote out" tragically early death? Geraldine Hodgson ("turned would be more apt) stories at such speed that has been faithful in the task of collecting mate they degenerated into the sad field of cheap rial and writing it down, yet one grows a little sentimentality and and sensationalism, where restless under the feeling of restraint and the all artistry is lost. Therefore, it is especially complete effacement of the biographer. A good pleasant to be able to record Mr. Burke's reap biographer should undoubtedly give pre-emi pearance in the world of letters with the pub nence to his subject, yet not to the utter obli

lication of "The Wind and the Rain". It is, teration of self, for after all, we are concerned we are led to believe, quite faithfully autobio with what men think of men quite as much as ; graphic it vibrates, certainly, with the true we are with the personality of the man about — of ring experience, and such experience ! whom we may be reading. So Flecker is given in Childhood the slums of London, adoles to us faithfully, deliberately, and rather pro cence in one of those terrible, arid institutions saically. We feel a lack of comprehension, of

ironically known as "Homes" ; and after that, intimate touch, and perhaps of humor, since

an existence of alternating struggle, elation and in our dealings with one another, we have so

despair. But through it all there always great a need of this last characteristic. burned, though sometimes unsteadily, the flame

Harriet S. Bailey. of hope and faith and curiosity.

242 book is The written simply, without appa for obeying their impulses in act and speech, rent effort. has It humor and it has charm. and all without a trace of posey "bohemianism."

M. R. They were, in their own orbit, known collec

tively as Sanger's Circus', a nickname earned

Love, by the author of "Elizabeth and her for them by their wandering existence, their German Garden". London. Macmillan. vulgarity, their conspicuous brilliance, the

noise made, of 1925. 408 pages. they and the kind naptha-flare genius which illuminated everything they said

; a To laugh is a delicious thing and one can or did. Their father had given them good, . be quite sure of laughing when one reads any sound musical training and nothing else. They

of "Elizabeth's" books. This new one is no had received no sort of regular education, but, in exception. And the enviable quality about the course of their travels, had picked up

her humor is its delicacy ; it is not slapstick a good deal of mental furniture, and "could

and clownish, but lightly, charmingly effer abuse each other most profanely in the argot

vescent. of four languages."

Perhaps, in "Love", a few situations are a One is often exquisitely amused, but that is shade overdrawn, perhaps it is fifty or so pages only by-play. This is not an "amusing

longer than it need be, but it is a very real book . It is an important one. ' — tale for all that, that is, psychologically real. M. R. The types '"Elizabeth" chooses are all so — possible, the wooden, austere cleric ; his James Branch Cabell, by Carl Van Doren. earnest, loving, humorless young wife, and the New York. Robert M. McBride & Co.

young wife's mother, whose spirit is forever 1925. 83 pages.

young and who, because of the exuberant,

irrepressible young Christopher who loves her, Professor Carl Van Doren is not one of those

clings so desperately, so poignantly, to the persons to whom one can lay the charge of of externals of youth and all its signs. Men, immutability idea. And this is excellent.

one feels, are not very popular with "Elizabeth" ; He does not belong to that arid group who see in looking back over her other books, it seems as good only the past, or the young group, if ; she had a score to settle with them she is intent upon displaying their nakedness, who — in it in still settling it in "Love", and one can imagine see only the present. No, former her, narrowing her eyes, smiling with satisfaction days he has written sapiently and with feeling

over some of the miserable specimens she has upon Hawthorne, Melville, et ah., while of photographed. late he has been turning his critical, discrimi

M. R. nating eye upon the present in general, (see "Many Minds"), and upon James Branch Cabell in particular. It seems to our mild observation The Constant Nymph, by Margaret Kennedy. is ; a that he little carried away by Cabell London. Heineman. 1925. 336 pages. Mr. that he crowns him with "rose and rue and A well written book and what is popularly laurel" all at once. Certainly he has painted in known as a "Best Seller" have usually very him his most becoming costume, charmingly in in little common. Nevertheless, publishers' postured the light of an alluring ambiance. notices and book notes and bookshop windows However, this small volume has been most ; all proclaim Margaret Kennedy's "Constant carefully thought out it is a very scholarly ; a it Nymph" to be Best Seller, and certainly it brief will cause the Cabellites to clap loud is an undeniably well written book. This is and long, and it may convert some others

only Miss Kennedy's second novel, and she is who do not yet belong to the Cult. ; said to be a very young person but again, M. R. in a contradictory manner, she writes with the of experience and sure, firm touch a seasoned An Introduction to the Study of South author. One gathers that she has read a great western Archaeology, Alfred Vincent by ; many of the Russians that she admires them — Kidder. New Haven. Yale University is ; there is no doubt, not that she imitative Press. 1924. 151 pages. rather is she adaptable. of The "constant nymph is an amazing member Mr. Kidder is the Doctor Schliemann an of of the amazing Sanger family, all of whom are American Hios. Under the patronage Phil

casual, spontaneous, charming, irrational, na lips Academy he began his held work in June tural and, to anyone who is not at least some 1915 at the Pecos ruins, New Mexico, and at

of these things, exhaustingly trying. They once found that the site was far more important A have a bewildering, almost enviable, facility and promising than had been supposed.

243 decade has elapsed, six seasons have been His medical career was, to say the least, spent in excavating, about twelve per cent of bohemian, until he married and had perforce

the entire ruin has been cleared, some 1200 to adopt a more staid way of life. He had

skeletons have been taken out, and a preliminary from time to time earned a little by his pen, report on the work done, and on its import on but now he began to take story-writing more is of Southwestern Archaeology has been issued. It seriously, and it perhaps one the most

shows that the main results so far obtained at interesting points of the book where he gives

this site, the largest in the Southwest, and the us, as far as he can, the origin of that universal one which was the longest inhabited, have hero Sherlock Holmes. He recounts some been to determine the true sequence of the good Holmes anecdotes, too, one of which

pottery types, thus furnishing a perfect chro tells how, at a dinner during the war, General nology of the cultures, from the founding of Humbert of the French army suddenly fired Pecos to the exodus of the last inhabitants. at him the question, "Sherlock Holmes, est-ce Yet, the Pecos site, as all the Rio Grande larger qu'il est un soldat dans l'armee anglaise?"

sites generally, gives only the most recent The whole table waited in an awful hush. cultures, those which left pottery wares as "Mais, mon General," stammered the astute testimonies of their existence. The breeding Irishman, "il est trop vieux pour service," ground of all the successive cultures in the thus saving himself by his native wit. Southwest, from Basket-Maker to pre-Pueblo, The Memories take us through the Boer War, seems to have been the San Juan drainage, through travels in Switzerland, Egypt, America of and it is not rash to assume that the Basket- and Canada, through a short phase political Maker culture began between 3500 to 4000 years ambition, to the last great war and his expe ago. riences as an unofficial investigator at the front. is, In conclusion, the author modestly presents There perhaps, a rather too persistent of his attempt as a working hypothesis". At intrusion the pronoun "I" in the book, but any rate, we hail with delight this synopsis, the Memories and Adventures make good illustrated with beautiful photos in relief, reading for those who care for life and movement,

embracing all the main culture areas in the and the discussion of universal interests from

Southwest and outlining their intricate inter an all-round point of view. relations. We are confident that, with the

J. A. Shercliff. forthcoming harvests of facts, the American L. archaeologists will soon achieve a complete reconstruction of these cultures, and at last Eugene Scribe and the French Theatre 181 5- find the clue of their origins. 1860, by Professor Neil Cole Arvin. Cam Albert Milice. bridge. Harvard University Press. 1924. 268 pages. Memories and Adventures, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. London. Hodder & Stough- Scribe was for fifty years the most successful

ton. 1924. 408 pages. and most popular dramatist not only in France

but in all of Europe. This examination of "I was a rapid reader," says Sir Arthur Conan the elements that entered into his success and

Doyle, "so rapid that some small library with of the forces which brought him into disesteem

which we dealt gave my mother notice that must, therefore, be of interest to all students of the books would not be changed more than the history of drama, and, indeed, to all of twice a day." The impression which the students the history of the time. For, as

"Memories and Adventures" conveys to the Professor Arvin says, it is not Scribe's style — of reader is just this that the writer has read but the content his plays as pictures of

rapidly, observed rapidly, and written rapidly, French bourgeois life that made' him a popular ; with perhaps too little attention to grace of playwright he was a perfect representative of style and expression. the French bourgeoisie of the Restoration is, It nevertheless, an extraordinarily inter and of the July Monarchy. esting book, for the writer has had experiences In this study Professor Arvin has not only of of men and customs which fall to the lot gone through the leading French journals

few, and his account is at least vivid and racy. and reviews from 1810 to 1860, but also through

Adventures have crowded upon him, from the the complete files of La Presse, Le Journal des whaling trip, which was the result of some Debats, Le Constitutionnel, Le Moniteur Uni- few moments deliberation over the offer of versel, Le Figaro, La Quotidienne, Le Globe,

a college acquaintance, to the strange psychic Le Steele, La Revue des Deux Mondes. and

adventures into which his interest in the occult La Revue de Paris, and Scribe's correspondence,

have led him. now in the Bibliotheque Nationale.

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"Toulouse in the Renaissance" by Professor The Pulitzer prizes for the best book on United John Charles Dawson (Columbia University Press) States history published in 1924 has been awarded consists of three parts : The Floral Games of to Mr. Frederic Paxson for his "History of the Toulouse, University and Student Life at Toulouse American Frontier" ; for the best American novel in the 16th Century, and Etienne Dolet at Toulouse. representative of American life, to Miss Edna The first of these was published in separate form Ferber for "So Big" ; for the best American play, in 1921 ; the other two parts now published for to Mr. Sidney Howard for "They Knew What the first time, add not only to the completeness They Wanted" ; for the best poetry, to Mr. E. A. of this valuable study of the Renaissance in France, Robinson for "The Man Who Died Twice" : but also to our knowledge of university life during and for the best biography to Mr. M. A. De Wolfe that period. Howe for "Barrett Wendell and His Letters".

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Descriptiveleaflets of EX LIBRIS advethcra may bt obtained ct Us Information Bureau, rez-de-chausse'e, 10 rue de I Elys4r The Landmark., May : Roosevelt House, Hamlin Mercure de France, 1 May : Les Limites de I'ln- Garland. telligence et de la Croyance, Jules de Gaultier. The Souvenirs d'un Medecin des Prisons de Paris. Mask., April : The Universities and the — Drama, Allardyce Nicoll. la Sante et la Petite-Roquette, Dr. Leon Bizard. The Nation and Athenaeum, April 25 : Contem Le Monde Nouveau, 15 : porary Writers ; Lytton Strachey, Edwin Avril D'un Realisme russe Muir. qui s'humanise ; Maxime Revron. The Nineteenth Century and After, May r Lord Nouvelle Revue Franfaise, 1 Avril : Hommage a Curzon ; a Personal Recollection, Sir Francis Jacques Riviere. Younghusband. The Religion of the Under Revue des Deux Mondes, 15 Avril : Un Mariage graduate, Areen Grundy. Marx or Christ? d'Aristocrates sous la Terreur, Due de la Force. Rev. J. A. Hairn. I Mai : Le Projet de Service d'un An, Spectator, April 25 : Mr. Coolidge and Congress, Lt. Col. Reboul. Frank R. Kent. Revue Europienne, I Mai : Visite a Romain Rol- May 2 : The Effect of Hindenburg's land, Andre Germain. Election. Rebue Hebdomadaire, 2 Mai : Le General Mangin : L'Homme et I'Ecrivain, Alfred Guignard. Le Ministere Caillaux, Paul Reynaud. FRENCH 9 Mai : L'Ideologie d'Hindenburg, Pierre Dominique. Les Soviets en France, Roger Le Correspondant, 10 Mai : La Dictature du Prole Giron. tariat, Olaf Brock. Revue Mondiale, 1 Mai : Journal d'un Parlementaire, Europe, 15 Avril : Apres la Mort de Marcel Edouard Millaud. Proust, Georges Gabory. Revue de Paris, 15 Avril : Souvenirs du Ministere Europe Nouoelle, 2 Mai : La Semaine rouge en du Due de Richelieu, Comte Mole. Le Regle- Bulgarie, Marcel Ray. ment de la Guerre civile universelle, *** Marges, 15 Avril : Flaubert a l'ecole de Goethe, Vie des Peuples, Avril : La Vie d'un Revoke, Arthur Rene Dumesnil. Holitscher.

"Humane Society Leaders in America" by The British Institute of Philosophical Studies Sydney H. Coleman, formerly editor of the National has been established temporarily at 88 Kingsway, Humane Review, (The American Humane Asso London W. C. 2. Its purpose is to encourage, ciation), contains biographical sketches of Henry and even popularise in some degree, pure thought, Bergh, founder of the Anti-Cruelty cause in the the search for abstract truth and the application United States, of Elbridge T. Gerry and his of philosophy to life in all its modern complications work for the prevention of cruelty to children, of of religion, science, politics, and industry. George T. Angell, "The Apostle of Human Edu cation", and of William 0. Stillman, the first The "Stories from Mythology : North Ame president of The American Humane Association, rican", by Cora Morris (Marshall Jones Co.), together with chapters on other organisations for have been drawn from the publications of the the protection of animals and other movements Bureau of American Ethnology and other autho for child saving developed from anti-cruelty wark. ritative sources, and with its reproductions of Indian pictographs, forms an interesting introduc In a review of Ellen Glasgow's "Barren Ground", tion to this fascinating department of American (Doubleday) in World's Work, Cameron Rogers literature. says, "The heritage of 'Barren Ground' promises to be greater than that of any other realistic novel Of" Anne Douglas Sedgwick's "Franklin Winslow of contemporary American letters." Kane", first published in 1909, Hugh Walpole said recently, "It seems to me still the best of "Stories by Contemporary French Novelists" Mrs. de Selincourt's books and in my humble edited by Marion E. Bowler of Simmons College, opinion better, a good deal, than this last successful and published by Ginn & Co., contains stories one". By this he refers to "The Little French by Henry Bordeaux, Charles Louis Philippe, Henri Girl" in which English and French characteristics de Regnier, Colette Willy, Rachilde, Remy de are contrasted in the same vivid manner that Gourmont, Pierre Mille, Georges Duhamel, and American and English characteristics were in the Romain Rolland. earlier work.

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