BRIDGING the SPECTRUM of ORTHODOX JEWISH Schol4rship
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L1UI\At{Y f I .<?v BRIDGING THE SPECTRUM OF ORTHODOX JEWISH SCHOl4RSHIP BRIDGING THE SPECTRUM OF ORTHODOX JEWISH SCHOORSHIP A PUBLICATION OF THE STUDENT ORGANIZATION OF YESHIVA IN MEl\'IORIAl\1 RABBI ISAAC ELCHANAN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY HARA V DR. SAl\'IUEL BELl(IN 1911-1976 5671-5736 . A restless Lithuanian yeshiva ta/mid, student, who was my friend, Dr. Belkin. He also dreamt. He also became JORDAN CHERRICK SHELLY SENDERS a visionary . Let me tell you, Dr. Belkin's standards of Editors in chief lamdus, of halachik scholarship were very high. He dreamt of a generation of young American Jews who would combine both an excellent Torah education with the capability of partici AARON STIEFEL Associate Editor pating in the scientifically oriented and technologically minded ASHER BREATROSS Managing Editor complex American economy. However, Dr. Belkin had another dream. And this second dream was bolder, more daring than the first dream. This was Staff his original dream. No one shared his opinion, not even people JACK STRAUS, STEVE WEISBERG, BLAIR SKOLNICK, who were very close to him . He wanted to show the Jewish, as well as the non-Jewish community that the Orthodox Jew B ARRY REINER, ARDEN KAISMEN, MICHAEL is as capable of establishing scientific, educational institutions SCHWARTZ, EZRA BICK, EZRA LABATON as the non-Jew or the secular Jew is ... The above are excerpts of the eulogy delivered by Harav Joseph B. Soloveitchik at Dr. Belkin's funeral, April 20, 1976. CONTENTS PREFACE ............•..... .. ... The Editors 5 Articles BY WORD, ON PARCHMENT, IN STONE: An Appreciation of Dr. Samuel Belkin .......... Norman Lamm 7 PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATION ........ Samuel Belkin 13 A PHILOSOPHY OF PURPOSE PERSONIFIED RABBI DR. SAMUEL BELKIN AND YESHIVA UNIVERSITY .... Doniel z. Kramer 22 44 A special thanks is due Philip Kazlow, President of the CHANCELLORSHIP INVESTITURE . Samuel Belkin Student Organization of Yeshiva, who played a central INTERPRETING MAIMONIDES . Arthur Hyman 46 role in the production of this issue of GESHER. A CRITIQUE OF HANNAH ARENDT'S THESIS ON TOTALITARIANISM We would also like to take this opportunity to thank AND MODERN ANTISEMITISM . Martin Kaufman 60 Neil Maron and Henry Kamioner, officers of SOY, for their support. THE SCIENTIFIC AND THE RELIGIOUS WORLD vrnw . Eliezer Berkovits 75 LABOR MOBILITY - A HALACHIC VIEW . • . Aaron Levine 88 NOT JUST ANOTHER CONTEMPORARY JEWISH PROBLEM A HISTORICAL DISCUSSION OF PHYLACTERIES . Ephraim Kanarfogel 106 T HE OBLIGATION TO HEAL .......... J. David Bleich 122 THE EASTERN EUROPEAN IMMIGRANT RABBINATE DURING ITS FORMATIVE YEARS 1880 - 1910 Aaron Rakeffet-Rothkoff 133 R EVELATION AND THE MITZVOTH IN MENDELSSOHN'S INTERPRETATION OF JUDAISM .......•........ Rod Glogower 157 P SALM 24 AS THE KEY TO THE PROBLEM OF HASHEM s-VAOT •........... Shalom Carmy 164 H EGEL AND THE JEWS ............ Avi Moskowitz 186 Review Essay ANARCHISM AND JUDAISM . Steven Bayme 197 PREFACE This year's edition of Gesher is both a bicentennial and a sabbatical edition - Gesher has not been published for seven years! We are, therefore, very pleased to rejuvenate SOY's scholarly publication and we hope to continue its past tra dition of excellence. There is no central theme to Gesher. Instead, it is a collection of articles from students and faculty which encom pass a broad range of topics - Bible, Halacha, Jewish history, philosophy and literature. In this way it is hoped that by creating a spectrum of Judaica, Gesher will offer the reader some diversity as well as give him an indication of the kind of work that is being done at Yeshiva. The question remains, however, as to what is the raison d'etre of such a journal. The answer can be found if one places Gesher in the context of modern Jewish history. When the Jew was emancipated - that is, given social, economic, and political rights by the ruling powers of Western Europe in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries - he was forced to enter the modern secular world in exchange for these rights. The challenge was enormous. The Jew was compelled to confront modernity by asking himself if the values of Western culture could be reconciled with his religion. Many answered resoundingly in the negative and two dichotomous camps were formed from this group. The secularists, of whom Baruch Spinoza was perhaps the most notable leader, argued that the Jew must totally abandon his religion and embrace the modern world, while certain religious elements, led by the reno~ned Rabbinic scholar, Hatam Sofer, contended that genuine Judaism could only be preserved if the Jew rejected the modern world. The balance of other Jewish movements and individuals foun~ a middle-ground whereby they felt able to accommodate !uda.ism with modernity. Members of this group are found Ill all sectors of Jewish life - from the neo-Orthodox ( Samson Rap~ael Hirsch) to the Reform and Conservative. Indeed Yeshiva Th u mvers1ty· · 1?-ust also be understood in this context.' e fundamental philosophy which lies behind our institution Printed in the United States of America by BALSHON PRINTING & OFFSET CO. 5 GESHER: Bridging the Spectrum of Orthodox Jewish Scholarship Norman Lamm - the notion of "Torah Umadah" - is an attempt to synthesize the values of Torah with the values of culture and science. Rabbi Dr. Norman Lamm, former spiritual leader of While there are, to be sure, many serious problems that the Jewish Center of New York and Ema and Jakob have resulted from Emancipation - assimilation and inter Michael professor of Jewish philosophy at Yeshiva marriage are perhaps the most salient today - one also University was recently invested as Yeshiva's third Presi cannot deny its blessings. In this respect institutions such as dent following the passing of Dr. Belkin. We are deeply Yeshiva have made incalculable contributions to Judaism. honored to print Dr. Lamm's essay and we feel it is a fitting addition to this journal dedicated in memory of Part of that contribution involves the development of Jewish Dr. Belkin. Wissenschaft, or Jewish scholarship, on an advanced level. Gesher therefore plays a significant role as a journal of Jewish Wissenschaft. "BY WORD, ON PARCHMENT, IN STONE" In this bicentennial season we would be remiss if we did not mention the crucial role played by America in the An A ppreciation of Dr. Samuel Belkin, Z. L. development of Yeshiva. The United States - with her advancement of cultural pluralism - has nurtured a fertile environment for the development of a Jewish university. She Torah is taught by word, on parchment, and in stone. has encouraged the development of a Jewish culture as well The divine revelation is transmitted in three different as the cultures of all of her minorities. Thus, journals such ways: by means of the Oral Law; by means of the Written as Gesher serve as constructive contributions to American Law; and by means of engraving, such as that on the Tablets. * society. Even as this is true for divine teaching, so is it true for In closing we would like to thank all those who worked human education as well. The teacher is one who, by pro tirelessly to make Gesher a reality this year. Special mention fession, emulates God, he realizes the principle of imitatio Dei. Just as God is a Teacher, so is the human educator. goes to our devoted staff as well as to our contributors who met the exigencies of time to submit their articles. We hope I wish to follow the rubric of these three ways - by, you enjoy the fruits of their labors. word, on parchment, in stone - to offer a brief appreciation of one of the greatest educators of our times, my late, revered, THE EDITORS and beloved teacher, Dr. Samuel Belkin, of blessed memory, whose giant mantle has now been placed on my own narrow Jordan Cherrick Shelly Senders shoulders. His "oral law" consisted not only of his sheurim - they were_ all models of clarity and organization as well as pro fundity - but of his personality as well: those human qualities that have to be experienced in order to be appreciated. As a teacher, he was a paragon of sweetness and gene rosity as well as lucidity. I regard it as a great privilege that * Tb·1 th of ~. ~me _is a modification of the interpretation by R. Shneur Zalma• --iadi. Lzkkutei Torah to Be'hukotai. 6 7 ~ GESHER: Bridging the Spectrum of Orthodox Jewish Scholarship "By Word, on Parchment, in Stone" I was able to be his student for one year, the last year that he into stone are organically united with it; there is only one taught a class. His interest extended to every aspect of our substance, not two. lives, not only the intellectual and the spiritual, but the physical Like Moses cutting God's word into stone, Dr. Belkin and material as well. placed stone upon stone and brick upon brick to provide a There were certain paradoxes that seemed to be inherent place for God's word, Torah. in his complex character and produced a tension of opposites. He suffered for Yeshiva University, sacrificed for it, Thus, he had a great deal of toughness in his exercise of leader supported it, led it, built it. He was vitally concerned with ship, but he was extremely tender. He was a man who could every facet and aspect of this great school. His ideas. and be forceful if need be, yet he was fundamentally very shy. As values and insights are carved into the university itself, in much as he was outgoing in public, he was a reserved and a every brick and every stone - and in the many minds and very private individual. He had a public posture, but a rich hearts of those who passed through its portals.