2019 Clean Energy Plan
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Bioenergy's Role in Balancing the Electricity Grid and Providing Storage Options – an EU Perspective
Bioenergy's role in balancing the electricity grid and providing storage options – an EU perspective Front cover information panel IEA Bioenergy: Task 41P6: 2017: 01 Bioenergy's role in balancing the electricity grid and providing storage options – an EU perspective Antti Arasto, David Chiaramonti, Juha Kiviluoma, Eric van den Heuvel, Lars Waldheim, Kyriakos Maniatis, Kai Sipilä Copyright © 2017 IEA Bioenergy. All rights Reserved Published by IEA Bioenergy IEA Bioenergy, also known as the Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) for a Programme of Research, Development and Demonstration on Bioenergy, functions within a Framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of IEA Bioenergy do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of its individual Member countries. Foreword The global energy supply system is currently in transition from one that relies on polluting and depleting inputs to a system that relies on non-polluting and non-depleting inputs that are dominantly abundant and intermittent. Optimising the stability and cost-effectiveness of such a future system requires seamless integration and control of various energy inputs. The role of energy supply management is therefore expected to increase in the future to ensure that customers will continue to receive the desired quality of energy at the required time. The COP21 Paris Agreement gives momentum to renewables. The IPCC has reported that with current GHG emissions it will take 5 years before the carbon budget is used for +1,5C and 20 years for +2C. The IEA has recently published the Medium- Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2016, launched on 25.10.2016 in Singapore. -
A New Era for Wind Power in the United States
Chapter 3 Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States 1 Photo from iStock 7943575 1 This page is intentionally left blank 3 Impacts of the Wind Vision Summary Chapter 3 of the Wind Vision identifies and quantifies an array of impacts associated with continued deployment of wind energy. This 3 | Summary Chapter chapter provides a detailed accounting of the methods applied and results from this work. Costs, benefits, and other impacts are assessed for a future scenario that is consistent with economic modeling outcomes detailed in Chapter 1 of the Wind Vision, as well as exist- ing industry construction and manufacturing capacity, and past research. Impacts reported here are intended to facilitate informed discus- sions of the broad-based value of wind energy as part of the nation’s electricity future. The primary tool used to evaluate impacts is the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model. ReEDS is a capacity expan- sion model that simulates the construction and operation of generation and transmission capacity to meet electricity demand. In addition to the ReEDS model, other methods are applied to analyze and quantify additional impacts. Modeling analysis is focused on the Wind Vision Study Scenario (referred to as the Study Scenario) and the Baseline Scenario. The Study Scenario is defined as wind penetration, as a share of annual end-use electricity demand, of 10% by 2020, 20% by 2030, and 35% by 2050. In contrast, the Baseline Scenario holds the installed capacity of wind constant at levels observed through year-end 2013. -
Innovation Landscape for a Renewable-Powered Future: Solutions to Integrate Variable Renewables
INNOVATION LANDSCAPE FOR A RENEWABLE-POWERED FUTURE: SOLUTIONS TO INTEGRATE VARIABLE RENEWABLES SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS POLICY FOR SUMMARY INNOVATION LANDSCAPE FOR A RENEWABLE POWER FUTURE Copyright © IRENA 2019 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of such material. Citation: IRENA (2019), Innovation landscape for a renewable-powered future: Solutions to integrate variable renewables. Summary for policy makers. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. Disclaimer This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the reliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents, data or other third-party content providers provides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of the publication or material herein. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of the Members of IRENA. The mention of specific companies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. -
2019/2020 Residential Energy Storage Demand Response Demonstration Evaluation – Winter Season
2019/20 Residential Energy Storage Demand Response Demonstration Evaluation Winter Season Prepared for National Grid and Unitil Submitted by Guidehouse Inc. 77 South Bedford Street Suite No. 400 Burlington, MA 01803 guidehouse.com Reference No.: 148414 September 23, 2020 Study Overview Demonstration Summary The two residential storage demonstrations evaluated in this study are part of the Program Administrators’ broader active demand response initiatives. National Grid’s demonstration targets residential customers that already installed or are considering installing a battery storage system as part of a “Bring Your Own Battery” or “BYOB” demonstration. Prior to the final event of the winter season, 148 devices were enrolled in National Grid’s demonstration in Massachusetts. Of these, data indicated that 102 successfully participated in at least one event called during the winter season. National Grid called two events, on December 19, 2019 and February 14, 2020. Both events lasted 2 hours, from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. Unitil’s demonstration paid for and installed a battery storage system for each of four participants. There is no additional participant incentive. Until called events every day from January 1, 2020 through February 29, 2020 from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. Evaluation Objectives The goal of this evaluation was to assess the technical feasibility and scalability of battery storage as a resource for lowering the system peak demand (National Grid) and flattening the solar PV output curve (Unitil) for residential customers. The impact analysis assessed whether the battery storage system lowered demand during the Winter Peak Periods and measured demand and energy impacts. -
Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities Michael I. Henderson, Damir Novosel, and Mariesa L. Crow November 2017. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 United States License. Background The traditional electric power grid connected large central generating stations through a high- voltage (HV) transmission system to a distribution system that directly fed customer demand. Generating stations consisted primarily of steam stations that used fossil fuels and hydro turbines that turned high inertia turbines to produce electricity. The transmission system grew from local and regional grids into a large interconnected network that was managed by coordinated operating and planning procedures. Peak demand and energy consumption grew at predictable rates, and technology evolved in a relatively well-defined operational and regulatory environment. Ove the last hundred years, there have been considerable technological advances for the bulk power grid. The power grid has been continually updated with new technologies including increased efficient and environmentally friendly generating sources higher voltage equipment power electronics in the form of HV direct current (HVdc) and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) advancements in computerized monitoring, protection, control, and grid management techniques for planning, real-time operations, and maintenance methods of demand response and energy-efficient load management. The rate of change in the electric power industry continues to accelerate annually. Drivers for Change Public policies, economics, and technological innovations are driving the rapid rate of change in the electric power system. The power system advances toward the goal of supplying reliable electricity from increasingly clean and inexpensive resources. The electrical power system has transitioned to the new two-way power flow system with a fast rate and continues to move forward (Figure 1). -
Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and Recommendations for Achieving Them
BENEFITS OF DEMAND RESPONSE IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACHIEVING THEM A REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PURSUANT TO SECTION 1252 OF THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 Price of Demand Electricity Supply Supply DemandDR P PDR QDR Q Quantity of Electricity February 2006 . U.S. Department of Energy ii U.S. Department of Energy Benefits of Demand Response and Recommendations The Secretary [of Energy] shall be responsible for… not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, providing Congress with a report that identifies and quantifies the national benefits of demand response and makes a recommendation on achieving specific levels of such benefits by January 1, 2007. --Sec. 1252(d), the Energy Policy Act of 2005, August 8, 2005 U.S. Department of Energy Benefits of Demand Response and Recommendations iii iv U.S. Department of Energy Benefits of Demand Response and Recommendations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sections 1252(e) and (f) of the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT)1 state that it is the policy of the United States to encourage “time-based pricing and other forms of demand response” and encourage States to coordinate, on a regional basis, State energy policies to provide reliable and affordable demand response services to the public. The law also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to provide a report to Congress, not later than 180 days after its enactment, which “identifies and quantifies the national benefits of demand response and makes a recommendation on achieving specific levels of such benefits by January 1, 2007” (EPACT, Sec. -
Optimal Placement of the Demand Response Program for Voltage
Optimal Placement of the Demand Response Program for Voltage Static Stability using TLBO Algorithm Abolfazl Akrami*1, Mohammad Hossein Adel2, Hossein Abolfathi3 1Electrical Distribution Company, Yazd, Iran. [email protected] 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sharif, Abarkooh Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Yazd, Iran. [email protected] 3Electrical Distribution Company, Yazd, Iran. [email protected] Abstract - According to the definition of Energy Department, demand response is the ability of domestic, industrial, and commercial consumers to use electrical energy to modify their consumption patterns at peak time to affect the price and reliability of the grid. The power grid voltage static stability could be improved to a satisfactory level using the demand response. For this reason, in this research, this device was used to improve the static stability of the grid voltage. In order to improve the objective functions, the normal state of the grid is considered. Normal mode is considered as the normal state of the grid, which provides the grid in its stable state without any failures in equipment. The optimization algorithm in this study is the TLBO algorithm. The problem of optimal allocation of demand response programs is solved to achieve the best value of the objective function of the grid voltage static stability. The location, the active and reactive power for which the best static voltage stability is achieved in the grid, is presented as an optimal response. The simulation results showed that the best place for this program to improve the static stability of the grid is bus No. 8. Keywords: Demand Response Program, Voltage Static Stability, TLBO Algorithm, Electrical energy consumption Introduction With the evolution of the power industry and the formation of the electricity market, the electricity management programs faced serious challenges and threats. -
Effects of On-Site PV Generation and Residential Demand Response On
applied sciences Article Effects of On-Site PV Generation and Residential Demand Response on Distribution System Reliability Sıtkı Güner 1 , Ay¸seKübra Ereno˘glu 2, Ibrahim˙ ¸Sengör 3 , Ozan Erdinç 2 and João P. S. Catalão 4,* 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul Arel University, Tepekent-Buyukcekmece, 34537 Istanbul, Turkey; [email protected] 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electric-Electronics, Yildiz Technical University Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey; [email protected] (A.K.E.); [email protected] (O.E.) 3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Çi˘gli,35620 Izmir, Turkey; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto and INESC TEC, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 August 2020; Accepted: 3 October 2020; Published: 12 October 2020 Abstract: In the last few decades, there has been a strong trend towards integrating renewable-based distributed generation systems into the power grid, and advanced management strategies have been developed in order to provide a reliable, resilient, economic, and sustainable operation. Moreover, demand response (DR) programs, by taking the advantage of flexible loads’ energy reduction capabilities, have presented as a promising solution considering reliability issues. Therefore, the impacts of combined system architecture with on-site photovoltaic (PV) generation units and residential demand reduction strategies were taken into consideration on distribution system reliability indices in this study. The load model of this study was created by using load data of the distribution feeder provided by Bosphorus Electric Distribution Corporation (BEDAS). -
Maximizing Hydropower Use in the Cordova Electric Cooperative Grid
Fostering development of innovative solutions to Alaska’s energy challenges. Project Snapshot: Maximizing Hydropower Use in the Cordova Electric Cooperative Grid This ongoing 2014 project is exploring the potential for fish processing industry has exceeded the capacity of the optimizing the generation mix in Cordova, Alaska. It will hydropower plants, forcing CEC to supplement with diesel assess the technical and economic feasibility of adding an generation. energy storage solution and demand response to reduce the use of diesel generation. Currently, when hydropower is the sole generation source, one 3 MW hydropower turbine is used, and because of the need for frequency regulation, there is a reduction of Project Background 500 kW of available capacity. While hydropower capacity is not sufficient to meet daytime demand, the hydropower Cordova is a small city located near the mouth of the plants do not operate at full capacity during off-peak hours. Copper River on the southeast edge of the Prince William Since these hydropower systems do not include dams that Sound. There is no road system connecting it to any other provide water storage, the water that is normally diverted Alaska city, and the community relies on power generated for power generation is simply spilled down the creeks. The from two run-of-the-river hydropower stations and several result is significant loss of potential power production and, diesel generators. The Cordova Electric Cooperative (CEC) provides electricity to the City of Cordova and to several fish processing plants. Hydropower provides 24% of the total statewide electrical power in Alaska and more than 60% in Cordova. -
New York Energy Storage Services Fact Sheet Summer 2018 – NYSERDA Energy Storage Soft Costs Program
New York Energy Storage Services Fact Sheet Summer 2018 – NYSERDA Energy Storage Soft Costs Program Background This document summarizes value streams currently available for energy storage systems installed in New York State. Additionally, information on service classifications and demand response programs for each New York utility is provided in the appendices. The information in the following tables is up to date as of: August 17th, 2018. As the electric grid modernizes, value streams will evolve. In his 2018 State of the State Address, Governor Cuomo announced a 1,500 MW energy storage target for the State by 2025, to serve as an aggressive near-term waypoint for the state’s 2030 energy storage target that will be established by the Public Service Commission in 2018. To implement the Governor’s directive, NYSERDA and the Department of Public Service worked with stakeholders to develop the Energy Storage Roadmap that identifies market backed policy, regulatory and programmatic actions that can be taken to build this market. The Roadmap is now available for public input and written comments may be submitted until September 10, 2018 with reply comments due by September 24, 2018. The Roadmap includes immediate and near-term actions as well as short-term solutions that can bridge the longer time horizons that some of these market changes require. This roadmap will form the foundation of a Public Service Commission order later this year that establishes a 2030 storage target and deployment mechanisms. Developers are encouraged to actively engage with DPS and NYSERDA in this process as this will play a major role in bringing additional market opportunities to energy storage deployment. -
Model Predictive Control Home Energy Management and Optimization Strategy with Demand Response
applied sciences Article Model Predictive Control Home Energy Management and Optimization Strategy with Demand Response Radu Godina 1,* ID , Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues 1,*, Edris Pouresmaeil 2, João C. O. Matias 1,3 ID and João P. S. Catalão 1,4,5 1 Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies (C-MAST), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; [email protected] (J.C.O.M.) [email protected] (J.P.S.C.) 2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; [email protected] 3 The Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 4 Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC) and the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal 5 Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Investigação e Desenvolvimento (INESC-ID), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.G.); [email protected] (E.M.G.R.) Received: 9 February 2018; Accepted: 27 February 2018; Published: 9 March 2018 Abstract: The growing demand for electricity is a challenge for the electricity sector as it not only involves the search for new sources of energy, but also the increase of generation capacity of the existing electrical infrastructure and the need to upgrade the existing grid. Therefore, new ways to reduce the consumption of energy are necessary to be implemented. When comparing an average house with an energy efficient house, it is possible to reduce annual energy bills up to 40%. -
A Review of Transmission Losses in Planning Studies
DOCKET STAFF PAPER 11-IEP-1C DATE RECD. SEP 01 2011 A Review of Transmission Losses in Planning Studies Lana Wong Electricity Analysis Office Electricity Supply Analysis Division California Energy Commission DISCLAIMER This paper was prepared by a member of the staff of the California Energy Commission. As such, it does not necessarily represent the views of the AUGUST 2011 Energy Commission or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the CEC‐200‐2011‐009 State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this paper; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This paper has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this paper. This paper has not been approved or disapproved by the full Commission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Staff would like to acknowledge the following individuals for providing their insight into transmission and distribution losses and for answering numerous questions: Tom Gorin, Lynn Marshall, Michael Nyberg, and Jim Woodward of the California Energy Commission; Donald Brooks, Jennifer Kalafut, Scott Murtishaw, and Nat Skinner of the California Public Utilities Commission; Larry Hunsaker of the California Air Resources Board; Richard Sobonya of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission; John Carruthers, Ron Helgens, Daniel Patry, and Thomas Troup of Pacific Gas and Electric; and Gilbert Aldous and Michael Cockayne of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Staff also would like to acknowledge Al Alvarado for providing guidance on the report, Karen Griffin for providing technical review, and Steven Fosnaugh of the California Energy Commission for formatting the report.