Flexible Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems
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Trends in Electricity Prices During the Transition Away from Coal by William B
May 2021 | Vol. 10 / No. 10 PRICES AND SPENDING Trends in electricity prices during the transition away from coal By William B. McClain The electric power sector of the United States has undergone several major shifts since the deregulation of wholesale electricity markets began in the 1990s. One interesting shift is the transition away from coal-powered plants toward a greater mix of natural gas and renewable sources. This transition has been spurred by three major factors: rising costs of prepared coal for use in power generation, a significant expansion of economical domestic natural gas production coupled with a corresponding decline in prices, and rapid advances in technology for renewable power generation.1 The transition from coal, which included the early retirement of coal plants, has affected major price-determining factors within the electric power sector such as operation and maintenance costs, 1 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS capital investment, and fuel costs. Through these effects, the decline of coal as the primary fuel source in American electricity production has affected both wholesale and retail electricity prices. Identifying specific price effects from the transition away from coal is challenging; however the producer price indexes (PPIs) for electric power can be used to compare general trends in price development across generator types and regions, and can be used to learn valuable insights into the early effects of fuel switching in the electric power sector from coal to natural gas and renewable sources. The PPI program measures the average change in prices for industries based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). -
Overview of Electric Power Supply Systems
Overview of Electric Power Supply Systems Why are electric power systems studied? What are the characteristics of power systems that justify spending a whole course on them? There are many answers to each of these questions; this course will touch on a few of them. You will recall that ECE370 gave an overview of the circuit theory associated with electrical power and it is worth recalling that most power systems are three-phase and that when balanced systems are being analyzed these are usually drawn in terms of a one-line diagram, i.e. a single line is used to denote the three phases, which may or may not also have a neutral. The US Electric Power System The main aspects that describe power systems are: size, complexity and economic impact. Utility power systems cover vast territory, are subject to the whims of nature, are interconnected to each other, the quality of their commodity affects the ability of industry to produce effectively, and the price of their commodity has a significant impact on the economy of their service area. Controlling power systems requires that electricity be supplied at the correct frequency, satisfactory voltage, with its phases balanced, have low harmonic content, and with all protection systems coordinated. The foregoing has to be achieved without overloading equipment and at the lowest cost to the consumer (after the utility makes a reasonable profit.) All this is complicated by the fact that demand for electricity changes throughout the day (and week, and season) and that electricity can not be readily stored in a practical manner. -
Energy Storage for Power Systems Applications: a Regional Assessment for the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP)
PNNL-19300 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Energy Storage for Power Systems Applications: A Regional Assessment for the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP) MCW Kintner-Meyer MAElizondo PJ Balducci VV Viswanathan C Jin X Guo TB Nguyen FK Tuffner April 2010 PNNL-19300 Energy Storage for Power Systems Applications: A Regional Assessment for the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP) M Kintner-Meyer M Elizondo P Balducci V Viswanathan C Jin X Guo T Nguyen F Tuffner April 2010 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Funded by the Energy Storage Systems Program of the U.S. Department of Energy Dr. Imre Gyuk, Program Manager Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Abstract This report addresses several key questions in the broader discussion on the integration of renewable energy resources in the Pacific Northwest power grid. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: a) what will be the future balancing requirement to accommodate a simulated expansion of wind energy resources from 3.3 GW in 2008 to 14.4 GW in 2019 in the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP), and b) what are the most cost effective technological solutions for meeting the balancing requirements in the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP). A life-cycle analysis was performed to assess the least-cost technology option for meeting the new balancing requirement. The technologies considered in this study include conventional turbines (CT), sodium sulfur (NaS) batteries, Lithium Ion (Li-ion) batteries, pumped-hydro energy storage (PH), and demand response (DR). Hybrid concepts that combine 2 or more of the technologies above are also evaluated. -
2019 Clean Energy Plan
2019 Clean Energy Plan A Brighter Energy Future for Michigan Solar Gardens power plant at This Clean Energy Plan charts Grand Valley State University. a course for Consumers Energy to embrace the opportunities and meet the challenges of a new era, while safely serving Michigan with affordable, reliable energy for decades to come. Executive Summary A New Energy Future for Michigan Consumers Energy is seizing a once-in-a-generation opportunity to redefine our company and to help reshape Michigan’s energy future. We’re viewing the world through a wider lens — considering how our decisions impact people, the planet and our state’s prosperity. At a time of unprecedented change in the energy industry, we’re uniquely positioned to act as a driving force for good and take the lead on what it means to run a clean and lean energy company. This Clean Energy Plan, filed under Michigan’s Integrated Resource Plan law, details our proposed strategy to meet customers’ long-term energy needs for years to come. We developed our plan by gathering input from a diverse group of key stakeholders to build a deeper understanding of our shared goals and modeling a variety of future scenarios. Our Clean Energy Plan aligns with our Triple Bottom Line strategy (people, planet, prosperity). By 2040, we plan to: • End coal use to generate electricity. • Reduce carbon emissions by 90 percent from 2005 levels. • Meet customers’ needs with 90 percent clean energy resources. Consumers Energy 2019 Clean Energy Plan • Executive Summary • 2 The Process Integrated Resource Planning Process We developed the Clean Energy Plan for 2019–2040 considering people, the planet and Identify Goals Load Forecast Existing Resources Michigan’s prosperity by modeling a variety of assumptions, such as market prices, energy Determine Need for New Resources demand and levels of clean energy resources (wind, solar, batteries and energy waste Supply Transmission and Distribution Demand reduction). -
2019/2020 Residential Energy Storage Demand Response Demonstration Evaluation – Winter Season
2019/20 Residential Energy Storage Demand Response Demonstration Evaluation Winter Season Prepared for National Grid and Unitil Submitted by Guidehouse Inc. 77 South Bedford Street Suite No. 400 Burlington, MA 01803 guidehouse.com Reference No.: 148414 September 23, 2020 Study Overview Demonstration Summary The two residential storage demonstrations evaluated in this study are part of the Program Administrators’ broader active demand response initiatives. National Grid’s demonstration targets residential customers that already installed or are considering installing a battery storage system as part of a “Bring Your Own Battery” or “BYOB” demonstration. Prior to the final event of the winter season, 148 devices were enrolled in National Grid’s demonstration in Massachusetts. Of these, data indicated that 102 successfully participated in at least one event called during the winter season. National Grid called two events, on December 19, 2019 and February 14, 2020. Both events lasted 2 hours, from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. Unitil’s demonstration paid for and installed a battery storage system for each of four participants. There is no additional participant incentive. Until called events every day from January 1, 2020 through February 29, 2020 from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. Evaluation Objectives The goal of this evaluation was to assess the technical feasibility and scalability of battery storage as a resource for lowering the system peak demand (National Grid) and flattening the solar PV output curve (Unitil) for residential customers. The impact analysis assessed whether the battery storage system lowered demand during the Winter Peak Periods and measured demand and energy impacts. -
Electric Power Generation and Distribution
ATP 3-34.45 MCRP 3-40D.17 ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION JULY 2018 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes TM 3-34.45/MCRP 3-40D.17, 13 August 2013. Headquarters, Department of the Army Foreword This publication has been prepared under our direction for use by our respective commands and other commands as appropriate. ROBERT F. WHITTLE, JR. ROBERT S. WALSH Brigadier General, USA Lieutenant General, USMC Commandant Deputy Commandant for U.S. Army Engineer School Combat Development and Integration This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil) and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard). *ATP 3-34.45 MCRP 3-40D.17 Army Techniques Publication Headquarters No. 3-34.45 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 6 July 2018 Marine Corps Reference Publication Headquarters No. 3-40D.17 Marine Corps Combat Development Command Department of the Navy Headquarters, United States Marine Corps Washington, DC, 6 July 2018 Electric Power Generation and Distribution Contents Page PREFACE.................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 ELECTRICAL POWER ............................................................................................. 1-1 Electrical Power Support to Military Operations -
Cogeneration in Louisiana 2005
COGENERATION IN LOUISIANA AN UPDATED (2005) TABULATION OF INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCER (IPP) AND COGENERATION FACILITIES Prepared by David McGee/Patty Nussbaum THE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIVISION T. Michael French, P. E. Director William J. Delmar, Jr. P. E. Assistant Director LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SCOTT A. ANGELLE SECRETARY Baton Rouge June, 2006 COGENERATION IN LOUISIANA AN UPDATED (2005) TABULATION OF INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCER (IPP) AND COGENERATION FACILITIES Prepared by David McGee/Patty Nussbaum THE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIVISION T. Michael French, P. E. Director William J. Delmar, Jr. P. E. Assistant Director LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SCOTT A. ANGELLE SECRETARY Baton Rouge June, 2006 This issue of Cogeneration in Louisiana, (2005) is funded 100% with Petroleum Violation Escrow Funds as part of the State Energy Conservation Program as approved by the U. S. Department of Energy and the Department of Natural Resources. This report is only available in an electronic format on the World Wide Web. Most materials produced by the Technology Assessment Division of the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, are intended for the general use of the citizens of Louisiana, and are therefore entered into the public domain. You are free to reproduce these items with reference to the Division as the source. Some items included in our publication are copyrighted either by their originators or by contractors for the Department. To use these items it is essential you contact the copyright holders for permission before you reuse these materials TABLE OF CONTENTS COGENERATION IN LOUISIANA UPDATE (2005) Page no. LIST OF TABLES ii LIST OF FIGURES iii LIST OF EXHIBITS iv ABBREVIATIONS AND CODES v-vii BACKGROUND 1 IMPACT OF 2005 HURRICANE SEASON IN LOUISIANA 3 COGENERATION IN LOUISIANA 5 THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 7 CONCLUSION 9 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYSMS 10 GLOSSARY 11-13 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 14 EXHIBITS LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table 1 Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation 7 Table 2. -
History of Electric Energy Systems and New Evolution - Yanoush B
ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS - History of Electric Energy Systems and New Evolution - Yanoush B. Danilevich, B. E. Kirichenko And N. N. Tikhodeev HISTORY OF ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEMS AND NEW EVOLUTION Yanoush B. Danilevich Division for Basic Researches in Electrical Power Engineering, Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Energetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia B. E. Kirichenko Division for Basic Researches in Electric Power Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St.-Petersburg, Russia N. N. Tikhodeev High Voltage Technology Department, HVDC Power Transmission Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia Keywords: Armature, electric generator, electric machine, electric power station, electrical energy end user, electrical energy production, electromagnetic processes, hydrogenerator, induction motor, inductor, interconnected power system, power station unit, power system, transmission lines, turbogenerator Contents 1. Introduction: Electrical Energy 2. History and Recent Progress of Electric Motors and Generators 3. History and Recent Progress of Electric Power Generation 3.1. Role of Electric Power Generation in the Present Fuel and Energy Complex 3.2. Electric Power Stations Today 3.3. Electric Generators for Thermal, Hydraulic and Nuclear Power Stations 4. History and Recent Progress of Electric Power Systems and Their Utilization 4.1. Early History of Electric Station Pooling 4.2. Structure of a State-of-the-art Electric Power System 4.3. Reasons for Connection of Electric Stations into Power Systems 4.4. Interconnection of Power Systems for Synchronous Operation 4.5. Asynchronous Operation of Interconnected Power Systems 4.6. International Interconnected Power Systems 5. Distributed Generation - the New Tendencies UNESCO – EOLSS Summary During the XXSAMPLE century modern power system sCHAPTERS with all necessary equipment have been created and the problems of power transmission were solved. -
Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities Michael I. Henderson, Damir Novosel, and Mariesa L. Crow November 2017. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 United States License. Background The traditional electric power grid connected large central generating stations through a high- voltage (HV) transmission system to a distribution system that directly fed customer demand. Generating stations consisted primarily of steam stations that used fossil fuels and hydro turbines that turned high inertia turbines to produce electricity. The transmission system grew from local and regional grids into a large interconnected network that was managed by coordinated operating and planning procedures. Peak demand and energy consumption grew at predictable rates, and technology evolved in a relatively well-defined operational and regulatory environment. Ove the last hundred years, there have been considerable technological advances for the bulk power grid. The power grid has been continually updated with new technologies including increased efficient and environmentally friendly generating sources higher voltage equipment power electronics in the form of HV direct current (HVdc) and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) advancements in computerized monitoring, protection, control, and grid management techniques for planning, real-time operations, and maintenance methods of demand response and energy-efficient load management. The rate of change in the electric power industry continues to accelerate annually. Drivers for Change Public policies, economics, and technological innovations are driving the rapid rate of change in the electric power system. The power system advances toward the goal of supplying reliable electricity from increasingly clean and inexpensive resources. The electrical power system has transitioned to the new two-way power flow system with a fast rate and continues to move forward (Figure 1). -
Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and Recommendations for Achieving Them
BENEFITS OF DEMAND RESPONSE IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACHIEVING THEM A REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PURSUANT TO SECTION 1252 OF THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 Price of Demand Electricity Supply Supply DemandDR P PDR QDR Q Quantity of Electricity February 2006 . U.S. Department of Energy ii U.S. Department of Energy Benefits of Demand Response and Recommendations The Secretary [of Energy] shall be responsible for… not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, providing Congress with a report that identifies and quantifies the national benefits of demand response and makes a recommendation on achieving specific levels of such benefits by January 1, 2007. --Sec. 1252(d), the Energy Policy Act of 2005, August 8, 2005 U.S. Department of Energy Benefits of Demand Response and Recommendations iii iv U.S. Department of Energy Benefits of Demand Response and Recommendations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sections 1252(e) and (f) of the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT)1 state that it is the policy of the United States to encourage “time-based pricing and other forms of demand response” and encourage States to coordinate, on a regional basis, State energy policies to provide reliable and affordable demand response services to the public. The law also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to provide a report to Congress, not later than 180 days after its enactment, which “identifies and quantifies the national benefits of demand response and makes a recommendation on achieving specific levels of such benefits by January 1, 2007” (EPACT, Sec. -
Optimal Placement of the Demand Response Program for Voltage
Optimal Placement of the Demand Response Program for Voltage Static Stability using TLBO Algorithm Abolfazl Akrami*1, Mohammad Hossein Adel2, Hossein Abolfathi3 1Electrical Distribution Company, Yazd, Iran. [email protected] 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sharif, Abarkooh Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Yazd, Iran. [email protected] 3Electrical Distribution Company, Yazd, Iran. [email protected] Abstract - According to the definition of Energy Department, demand response is the ability of domestic, industrial, and commercial consumers to use electrical energy to modify their consumption patterns at peak time to affect the price and reliability of the grid. The power grid voltage static stability could be improved to a satisfactory level using the demand response. For this reason, in this research, this device was used to improve the static stability of the grid voltage. In order to improve the objective functions, the normal state of the grid is considered. Normal mode is considered as the normal state of the grid, which provides the grid in its stable state without any failures in equipment. The optimization algorithm in this study is the TLBO algorithm. The problem of optimal allocation of demand response programs is solved to achieve the best value of the objective function of the grid voltage static stability. The location, the active and reactive power for which the best static voltage stability is achieved in the grid, is presented as an optimal response. The simulation results showed that the best place for this program to improve the static stability of the grid is bus No. 8. Keywords: Demand Response Program, Voltage Static Stability, TLBO Algorithm, Electrical energy consumption Introduction With the evolution of the power industry and the formation of the electricity market, the electricity management programs faced serious challenges and threats. -
Public Citizen, Inc. List of Witnesses and Documents
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1 Before the 1 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIO DEC 8 3 2004 ) In the Matter of ) I 1 I AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY, INC. ) Administrative Proceeding ) File No. 3-1 1616 ) PUBLIC CITIZEN, INC. LIST OF WITNESSES AND DOCUMENTS Pursuant to the Scheduling Order of the Presiding Administrative Law Judge, Public Citizen, Inc. ("Public Citizen") hereby submits its list of witnesses and documents to be submitted in the above-captioned proceeding. Witnesses 1. Public Citizen plans to submit testimony of Mi-. Jack A. Casazza, President of the American Education Institute, as an electric utility system expert witness His curriculum vita is attached. Mr. Casazza will testify regarding current transmission programs of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC"), including RTOs, and the extent to which they have, or have not, changed the operations of electric utility systems in ways relevant to the provisions of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 at issue in this proceeding. 2. Public Citizen plans to submit testimony by Ms. Lynn N. Hargis, former FERC Assistant General Counsel for Electric Rates and Corporate Regulation and thirty-year practitioner under the Federal Power Act, on the statutory differences between the Federal Power Act and the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, to refute the proposed testimony of applicant, American Electric Power Company, that this Commission may rely on actions and deregulatory programs of the FERC in enforcing the provisions of the Public Utility Holding Company Act.. 3. Public Citizen reserves the right to call Mr. David B. Smith, Division of Investment Management-as an adverse witness, if necessary.