Vol. 10, No. 9 September 2000 INSIDE • Research Grants, p. 12 • Section Meetings Northeastern, p. 16 GSA TODAY Southeastern, p. 18 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • Happy Birthday, NSF, p. 22

The Cambrian Substrate Revolution

David J. Bottjer, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740, [email protected] James W. Hagadorn, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, [email protected] Stephen Q. Dornbos, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740, [email protected]

ABSTRACT The broad marine ecological settings prevalent during the late Neo- proterozoic–early Phanerozoic (600–500 Ma) interval of early metazoan body plan origination strongly impacted the subsequent evolution and development of benthic metazoans. Recent work demonstrates that late Neoproterozoic seafloor sediment had well-developed microbial mats and poorly developed, vertically oriented bioturbation, thus producing fairly stable, relatively low water content substrates and a sharp water-sediment interface. Later in the Cambrian, seafloors with microbial mats became increasingly scarce in shallow-marine environments, largely due to the evolution of burrowing organisms with an increasing vertically oriented component to their bioturba- tion. The evolutionary and ecological effects of these substrate changes on Figure 1. Looping and meandering trace fossil Taphrhelminthopsis, made by a large Early Cambrian benthic metazoans, referred to as the bioturbator, on a bedding plane from Lower Cambrian Poleta Formation, White-Inyo Mountains, California. Such traces, consisting of a central trough between lateral ridges, occur in sandstones Cambrian substrate revolution, are deposited in shallow-marine environments. Evidence indicating original presence of microbial mats is presented here for two major animal found in associated strata, and morphological features of these traces suggest they were produced on phyla, the Echinodermata and the seafloor by active ingestion, or perhaps grazing, of underlying sediments (Hagadorn et al., 2000). Mollusca.

INTRODUCTION change the agronomic revolution. Late Neoproterozoic seafloors Late Neoproterozoic and early Phanerozoic body and trace were typically characterized by well-developed microbial mats fossils commonly exhibit strange morphological adaptations and (e.g., Gehling, 1986, 1996, 1999; Schieber, 1986; Hagadorn and paleoenvironmental distributions (e.g., Fig. 1). At this time, the Bottjer, 1997, 1999) and poor development of sediment mixing basic body plans of large metazoans were first evolving, and by vertically oriented burrowing (e.g., Droser et al., 1999; McIlroy much research has been expended toward understanding the evo- and Logan, 1999) (Fig. 2). Sediment layers on the seafloor thus lutionary relationships of these ancient animals. Of particular had relatively low water content and were characterized by a importance is that while this evolutionary play of metazoan body sharp water-sediment interface. Work on carbonates (e.g., plan evolution was taking place, the ecological stage was shifting. Awramik, 1991) and more recently on siliciclastics (e.g., Hagadorn Two changes in the biological dimensions of the marine ecologi- and Bottjer, 1997, 1999) has shown that in the Cambrian shallow cal stage were especially important. First was the advent and marine environments characterized by seafloors covered with development of predation, which, together with additional bio- microbial mats became increasingly scarce, largely due to increas- logical and geochemical factors, fostered the evolution of miner- ing vertically oriented bioturbation (Fig. 2). This change to a alized skeletons (e.g., Vermeij, 1989; Bengtson, 1994). more Phanerozoic-style seafloor resulted in relatively greater The second change in the biological dimensions of the eco- water content of seafloor sediment and a blurry water-sediment logical stage occurred in seafloor sediments, which act as the sub- interface, which led to the first appearance of a mixed layer. strate on and in which benthic organisms live. This change was Mixed layers constitute the soupy upper few centimeters of the caused by increasing disturbance of sediments by bioturbation substrate that are homogenized by bioturbation and are charac- (e.g., Droser, 1987; Droser and Bottjer, 1989) (Fig. 2). Through teristic of later Phanerozoic fine-grained substrates (e.g., Ekdale analogy with the development of agriculture and its resulting effects upon soils, Seilacher and Pflüger (1994) have termed this Cambrian Substrate continued on p. 2 GSA TODAY September IN THIS ISSUE Vol. 10, No. 9 2000 The Cambrian Substrate 2001 Section Meetings GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published monthly Revolution ...... 1 Northeastern Section ...... 16 by The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 Southeastern Section ...... 18 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: P.O. Box In Memoriam ...... 2 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, U.S.A. Periodicals postage Dialogue ...... 3 New Abstracts System: paid at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional mailing offices. Appearing Live! ...... 17 Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Today, Member GSA Welcomes the Geological Service Center, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. 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Service at GSA: Programs for Students place 500 interns each year on Last month in “Dialogue,” Jack May, Julie Williams May, and I America’s public lands. discussed a few of the benefits GSA offers to students, especially Service to students is one of those programs available at our Section Meetings. Last month’s arti- the tenets of GSA. These two pro- cle was the first in our series on our third value—service. This month, grams—mentoring and intern- ships—are prime examples of how I want to highlight several other GSA programs we offer to students. © Paul Abdoo GSA helps students gain experience Mentoring in geoscience careers and transition Jack touched on one of the mentoring programs we offer that is from the classroom. Neither program would be possible without made possible through the generosity of Roy Shlemon. With Roy’s partnerships, either with a donor or with the NPS and USFS. Partner- gift, GSA is able to arrange for applied geoscientists to meet with stu- ing creates the link between the GSA, students, and hands-on geo- dents at Section Meetings. For some students, this may be their first science experiences. Our ability to create effective partnerships stems glimpse into the working life of an applied geoscientist. Roy envi- directly from the generosity of donors to the GSA Foundation, such sioned a program that would facilitate bridging the gap between the as the late John Mann, his wife Carol Mann, and our friend Roy Shle- applied and academic geology communities—with a special empha- mon, all of whom believed in investing in the next generation of sis on providing information about potential career paths to students. geoscientists. The John F. Mann Mentor Program in Applied Hydrogeology Each of us can look back over our careers and see who or what also works to provide guidance for students and help them prepare helped us at each of the transition points—from undergraduate to for careers. This one-on-one mentoring program brings geoscientists graduate school, from school to career, and from research to applied together with undergraduate and graduate students and faculty to geoscience. GSA programs provide an opportunity to learn about foster relationships between the professional community and local career choices and experience the life of a working geologist. GSA colleges and universities, and to generate enthusiasm for career offers members and students an opportunity to make transitions as ■ opportunities in applied hydrogeology. our careers evolve. Internships GSA ON THE WEB GSA coordinates two intern programs with our partners, the National Park Service (NPS) and the Department of Agriculture U.S. Visit the GSA Web site at www.geosociety.org. Forest Service (USFS). Since 1996, GSA has placed 31 interns in From our home page you can link to many infor- national parks across the United States. These advanced undergradu- mation resources. ate students spend a summer as geological interpreters or in resource Here are some highlights: management in the parks. Given the success of our NPS partnership and this intern program, GSA partnered with the USFS to place four New! Now you can renew your membership or join online. undergraduates with Forest Service geologist mentors in the Pacific Look for the forms in the Member Services pages of the Web Southwest Region this summer. This Forest Service program is called site. Geology in the Forests. Reminder: You can still register online for Summit 2000. Looking Ahead The technical program calendar will be posted in September, In an upcoming issue of GSA Today, you’ll read about GeoCorps plus, you can check on all the latest meeting information. America, a new program that will allow our sister societies to partici- Create a personal Annual Meeting schedule with GeoTimer, a pate as partners in placing interns on public lands. Plans also include search and sorting program that contains event, exhibit, field expanding the types of participants to allow career and retired pro- trip, and course information. fessionals an opportunity to participate. This program’s goal is to

zoic-Phanerozoic transition were different neath the mat and fed on decomposing which were adapted to these Neoprotero- from those today, requiring the use of mat material. zoic seafloor sediments? Were there ani- nonuniformitarian approaches to analyze The presence of metazoan fossils per- mals and perhaps entire communities that the paleobiology and paleoecology of ani- haps as old as 570 Ma (e.g., Fig. 1 in Mar- were adapted to these seafloor conditions, mals living at this time (e.g., Bottjer, tin et al., 2000), and molecular data indi- in the manner proposed by Seilacher 1998). For example, Seilacher (e.g., 1999) cating a possibly earlier origin of (1999)? has postulated that lifestyles of organisms metazoans (e.g., Wray et al., 1996), sug- We cannot yet fully answer these that lived on late Neoproterozoic sedi- gests that there was an early stage of evo- questions. However, mounting evidence ments characterized by microbial mats, or lution for most benthic metazoan groups suggests that many evolutionary and eco- matgrounds, would include: (1) mat before they evolved mineralized skeletons logical changes, which took place during encrusters, which were permanently (e.g., Fortey et al., 1996, 1997). This early this time interval, were due to the transi- attached to the mat; (2) mat scratchers, stage of evolution for benthic organisms tion in substrate style from the late Neo- which grazed the surface of the mat with- was within the environmental context of a proterozoic marine environments and out destroying it; (3) mat stickers, which Neoproterozoic-style minimally biotur- lifestyles described by Seilacher (e.g., were suspension feeders that were partially bated seafloor covered with microbial 1999), to the bioturbated sedimentary embedded in the mat, and comprise a sub- mats. Thus, how did this late Neoprotero- environments and morphological adapta- set of adaptations resulting in organisms zoic-Phanerozoic transition to more tions documented for later Phanerozoic broadly termed sediment stickers; and (4) Phanerozoic-style seafloor conditions benthic organisms (e.g., Thayer, 1975). undermat miners, which burrowed under- affect the evolution, dispersal, and paleo- environmental distribution of metazoans, Cambrian Substrate continued on p. 4

GSA TODAY, September 2000 3 Cambrian Substrate continued from p. 3

Early suspension-feeding echinoderms and grazing polyplacophoran and monopla- cophoran mollusks (and their likely soft- bodied ancestors) provide two examples of the effects of this change in substrate character.

SESSILE SUSPENSION-FEEDING ECHINODERMS Evolution of Cambrian suspension- feeding echinoderms that had an immo- bile, or sessile, lifestyle provides strong evi- dence for the short-term impact of the Cambrian substrate revolution. For exam- ple, the unusual Early Cambrian helicopla- coid echinoderms were well adapted for survival on Neoproterozoic-style sub- strates. These small (1–5 cm) suspension- feeding echinoderms (Fig. 3) lived as sediment stickers on a substrate that Figure 2. Change in underwent only low-to-moderate levels of processes controlling horizontally directed bioturbation and did character of seafloor sediments not have a mixed layer (Dornbos and during the Neoproterozoic-Phanerozoic transition, for Bottjer, 2000a). Helicoplacoids lacked typi- siliciclastic neritic (below normal wave base to shelf edge) cal Phanerozoic soft-substrate adaptations, environments. These processes, indicated on the triangular diagrams, are physical (causing primary such as the ability to attach to available deposition of sediments), microbial (also producing primary structures), and subsequent bioturba- tion by metazoans. Changes in triangular diagram blue fields show change in relative dominance of hard substrates or presence of a root-like these processes through this transition. Schematic seafloor cores indicate characteristic physical and holdfast. Significant increase in depth and biogenic sedimentary structures during this transition, from laminated and thin bedded (left), to intensity of bioturbation in shallow-water partially bioturbated (center), to completely bioturbated (right). Derived from data in Droser (1987), muds and sands through the Cambrian Hagadorn and Bottjer (1997, 1999), Droser et al. (1999), and McIlroy and Logan (1999). (e.g., Droser, 1987) destroyed the stable substrates that these small echinoderms required and likely led to their extinction (Dornbos and Bottjer, 2000a) (Fig. 3). In contrast, both edrioasteroids and eocrinoids, the other groups of undisputed Cambrian sessile suspension-feeding echinoderms, were able to adapt to the change in substrates created by increased bioturbation. The earliest edrioasteroids lived unattached on the seafloor during the Early and Middle Cambrian, but by the Late Cambrian edrioasteroids lived attached to available hard substrates (e.g., Sprinkle and Guensburg, 1995) (Fig. 3). Similarly, several Early and Middle Cam- brian eocrinoids were stemless and lived unattached on the seafloor (Ubaghs, 1967; Sprinkle, 1992) (Fig. 3). By the Late Cam- brian, however, eocrinoids had evolved stems and also lived attached to available hard substrates (Fig. 3). Thus, by attaching to hard substrates or by developing stems, each of these Cambrian echinoderm groups avoided the detrimental effects of increased substrate instability caused by increasing bioturbation (Fig. 3), and they survived into the post-Cambrian Paleo- Figure 3. Evolutionary response of Cambrian sessile suspension-feeding echinoderms as part of the zoic. The remaining undisputed Cambrian Cambrian substrate revolution. Arrows do not represent a direct evolutionary relationship between echinoderms were all mobile deposit- or specific echinoderms shown, but imply a general evolutionary trend through the Cambrian within suspension-feeders (e.g., Sprinkle, 1992). each of the groups examined, with these echinoderms serving as individual examples. Helicoplacoid Their mobility likely exacerbated the sub- drawing is modified from Paul and Smith (1984); specimen is 3 cm in height. For edrioasteroids, Camptostroma (left) is modified from Paul and Smith (1984); specimen is 5 cm in height. Edrioast- strate changes occurring during this time, eroid on right is a schematic of a typical attaching edrioasteroid, modified from Paul and Smith and, because they could adjust their posi- (1984); size is 5 cm in width. For eocrinoids, Lichenoides (left) is modified from Ubaghs (1967); tion relative to the sediment-water inter- specimen is approximately 2.5 cm in height. Eocrinoid on right is Tatonkacystis, modified from face, they would have been relatively Sumrall et al. (1997); specimen is approximately 5 cm in height. Geological time not to scale and boxes do not represent the precise age range of the echinoderms they contain.

4 GSA TODAY, September 2000 immune to the effects of this change in Early Cambrian, and include substrate into the life habits of early metazoans that substrate character. grazers (e.g., Pojeta et al., 1987) (Fig. 4). lived on these soft substrates. For example, The post-Cambrian fossil record of both Upper Cambrian bedding surfaces from EARLY GRAZING MOLLUSKS polyplacophorans and monoplacophorans Oman contain large scratch marks that are is poor, and little is known about how and morphologically identical to traces made Similarly, how did mobile organisms where they lived (e.g., Pojeta et al., 1987; by the grazing of modern gastropods upon that grazed the sediment surface (a life Squires and Goedart, 1995; Cherns, 1998). hard substrates. Because these grazing habit likely typical of early mollusks) However, the modern occurrence of traces are associated with ovate traces respond to this change in substrate char- chitons and monoplacophorans exhibits most likely produced by a soft-footed acter? If organisms crawled on top of the the type of environmental distribution organism, they suggest that early mollusks sediment surface in late Neoproterozoic that one would predict as a long-range were grazing on soft seafloor sediments marine environments and scratched or consequence of the Cambrian substrate (Seilacher, 1977, 1995). Gehling (1996) scraped microbial mats for food, disap- revolution. Modern polyplacophorans has also documented grazing traces, pearance of mats from these settings typically occur in rocky coastline envi- together with flattened ovoid body might have restricted them to marine hard ronments but some live in the deep sea impressions, in Vendian strata of Australia, substrate environments where mats still (Pojeta et al., 1987; Squires and suggesting association with a soft-footed flourished, such as those typical of the Goedart,1995) (Fig. 4). Living monopla- mollusk. Similar traces occur in Lower nearshore (e.g., rocks or reefs), where cophorans occur in the deep sea on soft Cambrian strata in Yunnan Province, scratching or scraping microbial layers and substrates, although one genus lives on China (Dornbos and Bottjer, 2000b) and biofilms off hard substrates was still a hard substrates at the shelf edge (Pojeta et Vendian strata of the White Sea area, viable strategy. In addition, if organisms al., 1987) (Fig. 4). Thus, although little Russia (Martin et al., 2000). All of these depended upon the relatively sharp water- currently is known about the ecology of scratch-style traces are associated with sediment interface that the combination soft-bodied late Neoproterozoic and Cam- diagnostic sedimentary structures indica- of mats and minimal vertical bioturbation brian ancestors of polyplacophorans and tive of the presence of microbial mats, and produced in marine soft sediments, then, monoplacophorans, they may have lived all except the White Sea traces are from in response to this widespread change in on soft as well as hard substrates in shal- medium- to coarse-grained arenites. Con- substrate character, they also could have low marine environments and grazed sidered together, these occurrences suggest become restricted to soft substrate envi- microbial mats that covered the seafloor, a that early in their evolutionary history, ronments where these conditions still pre- lifestyle that today is typically restricted to mollusks in nearshore to shelf-edge envi- vailed. The most likely environments in hard substrates and the deep sea. ronments grazed upon sands, which which to find such conditions are in the Behavioral evidence, in the form of deep sea, where: (1) mats built by chemo- trace fossils, provides additional insight Cambrian Substrate continued on p. 6 autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes occur (e.g., Hagadorn and Bottjer, 1999; Simonson and Carney, 1999; and refer- ences within); and (2) biogenic reworking, although highly variable, may be several orders of magnitude less than on the shelf (e.g., Thayer, 1983; Gage and Tyler, 1991). The evolutionary relationships of the mollusks are still controversial (e.g., Runnegar, 1996). Aplacophorans, poly- placophorans, and monoplacophorans are the most primitive mollusks living today (e.g., Salvini-Plawen and Steiner, 1996). Aplacophorans are generally thought to be Figure 4. Environ- the most primitive, because of their worm- mental response of like body form and spiculate skeleton, but mollusks as part of they have no fossil record (Pojeta et al., Cambrian substrate 1987). Polyplacophorans, or chitons, have revolution. Onshore- a broad muscular foot covered by eight offshore diagram shows environmental distribu- dorsal shell plates (Fig. 4), and living rep- tion of: (1) late Neopro- resentatives graze surficial microbial mats terozoic–Cambrian grazing and biofilms (Pojeta et al., 1987). The old- traces made in arcuate rows and est known polyplacophorans lived in the attributed to early soft-bodied mollusks Late Cambrian and grazed on shallow- (nearshore hard substrate distribution is water stromatolites (Runnegar et al., 1979) inferred); (2) Cambrian grazing monopla- cophorans and polyplacophorans; and (3) (Fig. 4). Living monoplacophorans have a modern monoplacophorans and polypla- broad foot and are also surface grazers, but cophorans. Drawings of monoplacophoran unlike chitons they have a single continu- and polyplacophoran are schematic and of ous dorsal shell (Fig. 4). Fossil mono- specimens 1–3 cm in size; drawing of graz- placophorans have a broader variety of ing trace modified from Seilacher (1997), shell morphologies than living genera, each row is 2–5 cm across. Dashed lines in late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian box indicate (e.g., Pojeta et al., 1987), and this com- restriction of body fossils to indicated Cam- plexity is reflected in the variety of inter- brian environments and occurrence of graz- pretations that exist concerning mono- ing traces throughout time and environ- placophoran evolutionary relationships ments represented by box. Geological time (e.g., Pojeta et al., 1987; Salvini-Plawen not to scale, nearshore environments are above normal wave base and for the Cam- and Steiner, 1996; Runnegar, 1996). The brian include stromatolites; neritic environ- oldest known monoplacophorans are ments range from nearshore to shelf edge.

GSA TODAY, September 2000 5 M. Droser, A. Fischer, J. Gehling, A. Seilacher, W. Ausich, D. Gorsline, P. GSA Welcomes the Myrow, F. Pflüger, J. Schieber, and B. Geological Society of South Africa Waggoner. Helpful reviews were provided by R. Bambach, L. Babcock, and M. Miller. as an Associated Society Bottjer thanks J.W. Schopf and the Univer- sity of California at Los Angeles Center for At its May 2000 meeting, the GSA Council voted to accord Associated Society the Study of Evolution and the Origin of status to the Geological Society of South Africa (GSSA). Life for support of this research. Hagadorn is grateful for postdoctoral fellowship sup- The GSSA was founded in 1895 after the discovery of gold on the Witwaters- port from J. Kirschvink and the Caltech rand in 1886 concentrated the South African geological, mining, and financial Division of Geological and Planetary Sci- fraternity in the infant Johannesburg. South African geologic features such as the ences. Dornbos thanks GSA, the Paleon- world-renowned Witwatersrand, the Barberton Mountain Land, the Bushveld Com- tological Society, and the University of plex, and the fossil-rich Karoo led B.B. Brock to coin the moniker “Land of Geologi- Southern California Wrigley Institute for cal Superlatives” for this outstanding landscape. Environmental Studies and Department of A constitution based upon that of the Geological Society of London was Earth Sciences for support. adopted with the following objectives: to promote the study of the earth sciences; to do everything conducive to the advancement of the earth sciences and the earth REFERENCES CITED science professions; to promote the interests of the earth sciences and the earth Awramik, S.M., 1991, Archaean and Proterozoic stroma- science professions; and to uphold high professional and ethical standards amongst tolites, in Riding, R., ed., Calcareous algae and stromato- lites: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 289–304. its members. Bengtson, S., ed., 1994, Early life on Earth: New York, GSSA has approximately 1,500 members in 13 geographic branches and five Columbia University Press, 630 p. disciplinary divisions. GSSA has sponsored many Geocongress meetings over the Bottjer, D.J., 1998, Phanerozoic non-actualistic paleo- years and has published a number of Congress abstract volumes representing docu- ecology: Geobios, v. 30, p. 885–893. mentation of otherwise largely unpublished data. Bottjer, D.J., Droser, M.L., and Jablonski, D., 1988, Palaeoenvironmental trends in the history of trace Affiliation as an Associated Society with GSA will solidify the societies’ ties and fossils: Nature, v. 333, p. 252–255. ensure an increased awareness of the contributions the respective societies and sci- Bottjer, D.J., and Hagadorn, J.W., 1999, The Cambrian ence are making and can make in the future. substrate revolution and evolutionary paleoecology of the Mollusca: Geological Society of America Abstracts Additional information is available from the GSSA Web site at www.gssa.org.za. with Programs, v. 31, p. 335. Cherns, L., 1998, Chelodes and closely related Polypla- cophora (Mollusca) from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden: Palaeontology, v. 41, p. 545–573. Cambrian Substrate continued from p. 5 Hagadorn et al., 2000). This pattern of Crimes, T.P., and Fedonkin, M.A., 1994, Evolution and dispersal of deepsea traces: Palaios, v. 9, p. 74–83. post-Cambrian restriction to the deep sea by bedding-parallel trace fossils is mirrored Dornbos, S.Q., and Bottjer, D.J., 2000a, Evolutionary behaved in a semilithified manner due to paleoecology of the earliest echinoderms: Helicopla- by the record of microbial structures pro- the presence of microbial mats (Fig. 4). coids and the Cambrian substrate revolution: Geology, duced in siliciclastic sediments (Hagadorn v. 28, p. 839–842. and Bottjer, 1999). Thus, as for grazing Dornbos, S.Q., and Bottjer, D.J., 2000b, Radular grazing ADDITIONAL IMPLICATIONS mollusks, the environmental restriction traces in the Lower Cambrian of China: Implications for the Cambrian substrate revolution: PaleoBios, v. 20, Because adaptations to these mat- shown by trace fossils is likely also an supplement to no. 1, p. 1. covered and more coherent Neoprotero- effect of the Cambrian substrate revolu- Droser, M.L, 1987, Trends in extent and depth of zoic-style soft substrates required different tion, caused by the broad increase in ver- bioturbation in Great Basin Precambrian-Ordovician morphologies and behaviors than soupier tically directed bioturbation and conse- strata, California, Nevada, and Utah [Ph.D. thesis]: Los Phanerozoic-style soft substrates, the Cam- quent decrease in development of Angeles, University of Southern California, 365 p. brian explosion is also characterized by a microbial mats, in shallow-marine Droser, M.L., and Bottjer, D.J., 1989, Ordovician increase in extent and depth of bioturbation: Implica- unique variety of bedding-parallel trace environments. tions for understanding early Paleozoic ecospace fossils. For example, large meandering Further analysis of the Cambrian utilization: Geology, v. 17, p. 850–852. trace fossils such as Plagiogmus and substrate revolution may contribute to a Droser, M.L., Gehling, J.G., and Jensen, S., 1999, When Taphrhelminthopsis (Fig. 1) were common better understanding of broader evolution- the worm turned: Concordance of Early Cambrian ichnofabric and trace-fossil record in siliciclastic rocks in Early Cambrian shallow-marine envi- ary phenomena. The Cambrian is charac- of South Australia: Geology, v. 27, p. 625–628. ronments, yet were likely made by soft- terized by a wide variety of metazoans, Ekdale, A.A., Muller, L.N., and Novak, M.T., 1984, bodied metazoans for which we have no reflected in both body and trace fossils, Quantitative ichnology of modern pelagic deposits in body fossil record (McIlroy and Heys, many of which have morphologies that the abyssal Atlantic: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatol- 1997; Hagadorn et al., 2000). Similarly, appear strange to the modern eye (e.g., ogy, Palaeoecology, v. 45, p. 189–223. several other meandering trace fossils as Gould, 1989). Perhaps the co-occurrence Fortey, R.A., Briggs, D.E.G., and Wills, M.A., 1996, The Cambrian evolutionary “explosion”: Decoupling clado- well as those exhibiting a network pattern, during the Cambrian of benthic meta- genesis from morphological disparity: Biological Jour- including Helminthoida and Paleodictyon, zoans adapted more to Neoproterozoic- nal of the Linnean Society, v. 57, p. 13–33. also occur in Cambrian strata deposited in style soft substrates, with those more Fortey, R.A., Briggs, D.E.G., and Wills, M.A., 1997, The shallow-marine environments (Crimes adapted to Phanerozoic-style substrates, Cambrian evolutionary “explosion” recalibrated: Bio- and Fedonkin, 1994). A number of these contributed significantly to the high Essays, v. 19, p. 429–434. Cambrian trace fossil genera, as well as morphological disparity exhibited by Gage, J.D., and Tyler, P.A., 1991, Deep-sea biology: A natural history of organisms at the deep-sea floor: ichnogenera with similar morphologies, animals of the Cambrian explosion. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 504 p. are found only in deep-sea strata after the Gehling, J.G., 1986, Algal binding of siliciclastic sedi- Cambrian, and thus are united by a simi- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ments: A mechanism in the preservation of Ediacaran lar paleoenvironmental history of fossils: 12th International Sedimentological Congress, This contribution has benefited from onshore-offshore retreat (Bottjer et al., Canberra, Australia, Abstracts, p. 117. numerous discussions over the years with 1988; Crimes and Fedonkin, 1994;

6 GSA TODAY, September 2000 Gehling, J.G., 1996, Taphonomy of the terminal Pro- Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T.E., 1995, Origin of echin- terozoic Ediacaran biota, South Australia [Ph.D. thesis]: oderms in the Paleozoic evolutionary fauna: The role of Los Angeles, University of California, 222 p. substrates: Palaios, v. 10, p. 437–453. Gehling, J.G., 1999, Microbial mats in terminal Protero- Squires, R.L., and Goedert, J.L., 1995, An extant species zoic siliciclastics: Ediacaran death masks: Palaios, v. 14, of Leptochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in Eocene and p. 40–57. Oligocene cold-seep limestones, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: The Veliger, v. 38, p. 47–53. Gould, S.J., 1989, Wonderful life: New York, W.W. Norton and Company, 347 p. Sumrall, C.D., Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T.E., 1997, Systematics and paleoecology of Late Cambrian echino- Hagadorn, J.W., and Bottjer, D.J., 1997, Wrinkle derms from the western United States: Journal of Pale- structures: Microbially mediated sedimentary structures ontology, v. 71, p. 1091–1108. common in subtidal siliciclastic settings at the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition: Geology, v. 25, Thayer, C.W., 1975, Morphological adaptations of ben- p. 1047–1050. thic invertebrates on soft substrata: Journal of Marine Research, v. 33, p. 177–189. Hagadorn, J.W., and Bottjer, D.J., 1999, Restriction of a late Neoproterozoic biotope: Suspect-microbial struc- Thayer, C.W., 1983, Sediment-mediated biological dis- tures and trace fossils at the Vendian-Cambrian transi- turbance and the evolution of marine benthos, in tion: Palaios, v. 14, p. 73–85. Tevesz, M.J.S., and McCall, P.L., eds., Biotic interactions in recent and fossil benthic communities: New York, Hagadorn, J.W., Schellenberg, S.A., and Bottjer, D.J., Plenum Press, p. 480–625. 2000, Paleoecology of a large Early Cambrian bioturba- tor: Lethaia, v. 33 (in press). Ubaghs, G., 1967, Eocrinoidea, in Moore, R.C., and Teichert, C., eds., Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Martin, M.W., Grazhdankin, D.V., Bowring, S.A., Evans, Part S, Echinodermata 1: Boulder, Colorado, Geological D.A.D., Fedonkin, M.A., and Kirschvink, J.L., 2000, Age Society of America, p. 445–495. of Neoproterozoic bilatarian body and trace fossils, White Sea, Russia: Implications for metazoan evolution: Vermeij, G.J., 1989, The origin of skeletons: Palaios, Science, v. 288, p. 841–845. v. 4, p. 585–589. McIlroy, D., and Heys, G.R., 1997, Palaeobiological sig- Wray, G.A., Levinton, J.S., and Shapiro, L.H., 1996, nificance of Plagiogmus arcuatus from the Lower Cam- Molecular evidence for deep pre-Cambrian divergences brian of central Australia: Alcheringa, v. 21, p. 161–178. among metazoan phyla: Science, v. 274, p. 568–573.

McIlroy, D., and Logan, G.A., 1999, The impact of Manuscript received May 9, 2000; accepted June 30, bioturbation on infaunal ecology and evolution during the Proterozoic-Cambrian transition: Palaios, v. 14, 2000. p. 58–72. Paul, C.R.C., and Smith, A.B., 1984, The early radiation and phylogeny of echinoderms: Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, v. 59, p. 443–481. Pojeta, J., Jr., Runnegar, D., Peel, J.S., and Gordon, M., Jr., 1987, Phylum Mollusca, in Boardman, R.S., et al., eds., Fossil invertebrates: Palo Alto, California, Black- well Scientific Publications, p. 270–435. Call for Applications! Runnegar, B., 1996, Early evolution of the Mollusca: The fossil record, in Taylor, J., ed., Origin and evolu- Looking to expand your tionary radiation of the Mollusca: Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 77–87. professional horizons? Runnegar, B., Pojeta, J., Jr., Taylor, M.E., and Collins, D., 1979, New species of the Cambrian and Ordovician chitons Matthevia and Chelodes from Wisconsin and Believe in serving society Queensland: Evidence for the early history of polypla- cophoran mollusks: Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 1374–1394. through science? Salvini-Plawen, L.v., and Steiner, G., 1996, Synapo- morphies and plesiomorphies in higher classification Apply for GSA’s of Mollusca, in Taylor, J., ed., Origin and evolutionary radiation of the Mollusca: Oxford, Oxford University Congressional Science Fellowship Press, p. 77–87. 2001–2002 Schieber, J., 1986, The possible role of benthic micro- bial mats during the formation of carbonaceous shales Put your expertise and experience to work helping shape science and in shallow Mid-Proterozoic basins: Sedimentology, v. 33, p. 521–536. technology policy on Capitol Hill. Work directly with national and Seilacher, A., 1977, Evolution of trace fossil communi- international leaders. ties, in Hallam, A., ed., Patterns of evolution: Amster- The Congressional Science Fellow will be selected from top competitors dam, Elsevier, p. 359–376. early in 2001. Successful candidates are GSA members who possess Seilacher, A., 1995, Fossile kunst: Albumbatter der erd- geockickte: Korb, Germany, Goldschneck-Verlag, 48 p. either a Ph.D. in the earth sciences or a related field, or a master’s degree in the earth sciences or a related field with at least five years of profes- Seilacher, A., 1997, Fossil art: Drumheller, Alberta, Royal Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology, 64 p. sional experience. If you possess this professional background, have Seilacher, A., 1999, Biomat-related lifestyles in the Pre- experience in applying scientific knowledge to societal challenges, and cambrian: Palaios, v. 14, p. 86–93. share a passion for helping shape the future of the geoscience profes- Seilacher, A., and Pflüger, F., 1994, From biomats to sion, GSA invites your application. The fellowship is open to U.S. benthic agriculture: A biohistoric revolution, in Krum- citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. The deadline to apply is bein, W.E., et al., eds., Biostabilization of sediments: February 2, 2001. Oldenburg, Germany, Bibliotheks und Informations- system der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg To learn more about the Fellow experience, contact David Verardo, (BIS), p. 97–105. 1997–1998 GSA Congressional Science Fellow, at (703) 625-6105 or Simonson, B.M., and Carney, K.E., 1999, Roll-up struc- tures: Evidence of in situ microbial mats in Late [email protected]. Archaean deep shelf environments: Palaios, v. 14, For application information, check our Web site at www.geosociety.org/ p. 13–24. science/csf/scifello.htm or contact Karlon Blythe, Program Officer, GSA Sprinkle, J., 1992, Radiation of echinodermata, in Lipps, J.H., and Signor, P.W., eds., Origin and early evolution Headquarters, (303) 447-2020, ext. 136, or [email protected]. of the metazoa: New York, Plenum Press, p. 375–398.

GSA TODAY, September 2000 7 GSA Creates Earth Science Week Poster In celebration of Earth Science Week (October 8–14), GSA is sending a poster that highlights Col- orado geology and a list of member-recommended books that feature earth sciences to some of our neighbors here at headquarters—public libraries and public school libraries in Colorado. Librarians will be encouraged to use the materials in Earth Science Week displays. Colorado librarians also will have a first-come-first- served opportunity to receive up to $50 in reimburse- ment from GSA for the purchase of general geology books or books that present the earth sciences as an integral part of story lines. Copies of the poster are free for Colorado educa- tors and may be purchased by GSA members for $8. To order, e-mail GSA at [email protected], or call 303-447-2020, ext. 774, or 1-888-443-4472. Members are also encouraged to submit titles for the book list to [email protected].

Rabbit Ears Pass, by Colorado photographer Todd Miller.

8 GSA TODAY, September 2000 Toward a Stewardship of the Global Commons lation patterns. These shifts, in turn, would drastically affect the productivity of the agricultural land in the circum- Engaging “My Neighbor” in the Atlantic region (Broecker, 1996, 1997). The Issue of Sustainability geologic record of the last 10,000 years shows that major changes in ocean circu- Part IX: We Live in a World of Change lation patterns could be rapid even by human standards (years to decades; see Christine Turner, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, and E-an Zen, Reston, VA Broecker, 1997, and Bond et al., 1997). Do we understand that we may be contribut- ing to such changes? Do we have a right to cause such major changes that could If it is true that our consumptive than our present ability to define them. affect the habitability of large tracts of our lifestyle, in combination with a burgeon- Even so, some changes related to Earth planet? Should we try to remove at least ing world population, is harming our may be truly slow by human standards. the human-induced changes from the ecosystems and the prospects of a sustain- How do we deal with these conflicting trends? able future, what should we do? Some of perceptions and realities of the rates of These are difficult questions, and us might want to restore the idealized hal- change? involve our most basic values and respon- cyon days of yore, when human, technol- The history of many human societies sibilities. As we acquire new, reliable data ogy-caused changes were slower and, we has been one of attempting to control or and new insight about Earth processes and assume, less harmful. Whether or not harness nature, with man using his inge- history, we are in a position to make bet- humans have in some time past lived nuity to build levees to contain rivers, ter, informed choices about what changes more sustainably, we certainly are not build jetties to retard wave erosion, and we might cause or enhance in our habitat. doing so now, given the way that we are maintain farmland in the face of water For instance, should we continue down altering Earth’s surface, water bodies, and shortages. What are the long-term conse- certain potentially harmful paths that atmosphere in support of our own mate- quences of these large-scale, engineered accompany our current lifestyle choices? rial wants. However, we do not know interventions? Do they create more harm The geologic record shows that change is whether we should—and how to—reverse, than the condition we were originally try- inevitable. Nevertheless, we can make use halt, or even slow the undesirable changes ing to forestall or ameliorate? Do they sub- of our hard-won understandings of Earth, to our collective habitat. ject us to using materials and energy for and the humility that should accompany Our uncertainty about how to take perpetual maintenance of all that we such understanding. It will take both responsible action to mitigate planetary build? Should we put our faith in technol- humility and the thoughtful use of the damage arises partly from our lack of ogy as a panacea, or is that taking too knowledge that we have acquired, and agreement about the human contribution large a risk for future generations, who continue to acquire, to preserve our to environmental and climate conditions must live with the results of our choices? options for the future. We can thus chal- and about the ability of both Earth and its As aspiring members of a civilized lenge ourselves to become better stewards inhabitants to adapt to those changes. society, we must examine our role as over- of a planet that we inhabit for only a brief Geologists’ traditional interpretation of seers and instruments of change on the geologic moment, for the benefit of future Earth’s history told us that geologic planet. We can choose to continue our generations of man and of other inhabi- changes affecting climate and ecosystems present rates of unbridled use of Earth tants of the planet who cannot protect were relatively slow, allowing organisms to resources and our alteration of Earth’s themselves. adapt, and that when these changes came environments, or we can assume the role about too quickly, life forms would trans- of responsible stewards. If our knowledge References Cited form or become extinct. In the geological of Earth has expanded, so must our humil- past, there were times when fertile land ity in the face of new theories of complex- Bond, G., Showers, W.J., Cheseby, M., Lotti, R., Almasi, P., deMenocal, P., Priore, P., Cullen, H., was reduced to desert, when sea level rose ity, and the chaotic nature of natural phe- Hajdas, I., and Bonani, G., 1997, A pervasive mil- and inundated lowlands, and when air nomena. We have more evidence about lennial-scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and temperature increased to the point where the interdependence of all things natural, glacial climate: Science, v. 278, p.1257–1266. animal and plant life were stressed. but less ability to develop precise predic- Broecker, W.S., 1996, Will our ride into the green- Nobody was there to protect the threat- tions about the consequences of change. house future be a smooth one?: GSA Today, v. 7, ened species. Contemporary humans, in Presumably, if we share the broadest goal no. 5, p. 1–7. contrast, seem disposed to engineer Earth of maintaining a modest comfort zone for Broecker, W.S., 1997, Thermohaline circulation, the to suit our perception of comfort and human habitation, we must also seek to Achilles Heel of our climate system: Will man-made CO2 upset the current balance?: Science, v. 278, progress. We tend to view extinctions in learn where our intervention is necessary. p. 1582–1588. the geologic record as the consequence of We may need to reverse certain deleterious Severinghaus, J.P., and Brook, E.J., 1999, Abrupt natural geologic processes, yet we resist changes now happening to the Earth sys- climate change at the end of the last glacial period the idea that either natural or human- tem, based on reasonable scientific judg- inferred from trapped air in polar ice: Science, enhanced or human-induced changes ments and our collective value system. v. 286, p. 930–934. ■ might similarly affect our own species. The realization that we cannot predict Note: The other articles of this series, Contrary to the traditional interpreta- the future with certainty suggests that it with some enhancements for teachers, tion of the geologic record, recent studies behooves us to preserve our options—for and the text of the Guidelines for Sus- of ice cores have identified rapid fluctua- ourselves, our fellow inhabitants of the tainability Literacy are now available tions in climate over very short periods of planet, and future descendants of all living through a link on GSA’s Web site, time, from years to decades (Severinghaus species. We need to consider possible www.geosociety.org. From either Public and Brook, 1999). These data suggest that effects of large-scale, human-induced Interest or the “Related Links” area of perhaps our perceptions of rates of change changes that might interact with natural Geoscience Initiatives, click “Sustainabil- in the geologic past need to be revised. For processes and magnify the effects. For ity” then “Toward a Stewardship of the much of the geologic past, our time mark- example, carbon dioxide from human Global Commons.” ers are few and far apart. Actual rates of activities could lead to global warming suf- some changes may have been much faster ficient to cause major shifts in ocean circu-

GSA TODAY, September 2000 9 Research Opportunities in Low-Temperature and Environmental Geochemistry

A condensed report of the NSF-sponsored workshop “Directions and Priorities in Low-Temperature Geochemistry for the Year 2000 and the Next Decade,” June 5–6, 1999, Boston, Massachusetts

Low-Temperature Geochemistry New Initiative trial, oceanic, and atmospheric environ- ments. Knowledge of integrated elemental Low-temperature geochemistry is In terms of a major new initiative, a cycling will greatly enhance our ability to defined as the study of inorganic and highly promising opportunity is integra- reconstruct paleoenvironments accurately, organic geochemical phenomena at tive research linking geologic processes to model the paleobiogeochemical transfer Earth’s surface and within Earth’s crust to with biological sustainability. The priority of elements, and to predict responses to temperatures of 300 °C. Low-temperature in funding should be for studies that show future changes in climate. Furthermore, geochemists apply an array of techniques greatest promise for establishing these improved understanding of integrated ele- to quantify and predict the transfer of links; however—and this is important— mental cycling is required for interpreting energy and matter among and within vari- individual projects need not be interdisci- anthropogenic influences on natural ele- ous global reservoirs (lithosphere, hydro- plinary in and of themselves. The follow- ment cycles. sphere, atmosphere, and biosphere) ing themes are a nonexclusive list of key through integrated studies of physical, areas for establishing fundamental con- Modern and Ancient Soils: biological, and chemical processes. Low- nections between geochemical and bio- Their Relationship to Climate temperature geochemists focus on: (1) logical processes. identifying and quantifying processes con- Our knowledge of continental pale- trolling the distribution of elements, both Biogeochemistry and oenvironments, including past CO2 levels, in the present and in the geologic past; (2) Geomicrobiology: has greatly improved in the past decade developing and applying measurements of Feedbacks, Processes, and Rates through carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen the abundances of geochemical con- isotope analyses of minerals in soils and Interactions among microorganisms stituents; and (3) modeling and predicting paleosols. Concerted effort is needed in and minerals play key roles in biominer- geochemical behavior within complex mapping the chemical and biological sig- alization, in the migration and degrada- spatial settings and over temporal scales natures of modern soils and in integrating tion of contaminants, and in controlling ranging from femtoseconds to billions of the agricultural soil database into a geo- the composition of natural waters. Study years. logic framework to characterize modern of these interactions requires sophisti- In addition to the study of geologic weathering processes in different climates. cated analytical and cross-disciplinary systems, a crucial need for more research Systematic study of chronosequences and approaches. Advances in microbiological in this subdiscipline comes from the climosequences is required to develop an characterization in situ are enabling bio- increasing pollution of air, water, and land understanding of soil genesis within a cli- geochemists to define microbial popula- resources; the depletion of water, energy matic framework. Likewise, improved tions in natural environments and to and mineral resources; and the potentially knowledge of soil-forming processes on explore the roles of exoenzymes and other deleterious consequences of anthropo- lithologic substrates is critical to a broad extracellular organic molecules in geo- genic global phenomena such as green- understanding of weathering as a ubiqui- chemical processes. Understanding inter- house warming. Further motivation comes tous earth surface process. Key priorities actions between organisms and mineral from recent advances in instrumental and include developing, refining, and calibrat- surfaces will provide new insights relevant experimental techniques, in conceptual ing the indicators of paleoclimates pre- to old questions, such as the origin of life, and mathematical modeling, and in the served in soils and obtaining a better the nature of biological signatures and availability of high-resolution temporal understanding of how these indicators fossilization processes, and biomineraliza- and spatial data. At the molecular level, are preserved in the rock record. tion. Within environmental geochemistry, spectroscopic and computational model- Further study also is needed in under- research on enzymatically catalyzed redox ing techniques allow us to examine struc- standing the uptake and release of anthro- reactions (i.e., those involving arsenic, car- ture and bonding in a variety of phases. pogenic pollutants, through modern soils, bon, chromium, iron, manganese, mer- Biomolecular probes hold the promise of oceans, rivers, and lakes. Large gaps exist cury, nitrogen, oxygen, selenium, sulfur, identifying microorganisms, their ecology, in our knowledge of aqueous speciation, and uranium) will improve understanding and their relationship to inorganic geo- exchange, and partitioning of pollutants of the connections among biogeochemical chemical processes. At the global scale, among solid (mineral, mineraloid, and processes, global change, and human new remote-sensing techniques, such as organic) components in soils and sedi- health. AVIRIS (NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared ments. Assessment of the natural resili- Imaging Spectrometer) and satellite-based ence of soils with respect to human per- Cycling of Life-Supporting sensors, will permit mapping of the distri- turbations (e.g., deforestation) is critically Elements bution of geochemical constituents and needed. contaminants. These powerful technologi- A pragmatic, well-known problem of cal advances are timely for defining a new global impact is the cycling of carbon Processes at the geochemical research initiative with the through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, Mineral-Water Interface potential for meeting critical societal and lithosphere. Research on this topic is Many of the key questions posed needs. Particular emphasis is placed on closely linked to global warming because above can be answered only with a mech- emerging research opportunities in the CO released by fossil fuel combustion 2 anistic understanding of reactions at the area of environmental geochemistry, may lead to significant climate change. In mineral-water interface. Although defined as the application of low-tempera- addition to carbon, the cycles of nitrogen, advances in surface chemistry, microscopy, ture geochemistry to the sustainability of sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and iron must and spectroscopic analyses have increased living organisms. be investigated further to understand the understanding of molecular reaction links between living organisms and terres-

10 GSA TODAY, September 2000 mechanisms and rates, applications to Infrastructure, Analytical, National Ecological Observatory Net- geochemical problems and actual field and Computational Facilities work (NEON, NSF 00-22). The envi- sites are only just beginning. Molecular sioned natural laboratories in soil In order to strengthen existing modeling (computational simulation of genesis and geochemistry are a big research and to implement the new initia- molecular interactions) is on the verge of step toward reaching the goals of this tive in low-temperature geochemistry and being able to reproduce and predict such initiative. environmental geochemistry, it is neces- reactions. However, comparison of model (2) Regional instrumentation sary to put in place new analytical and calculations with analytical and experi- centers. Regional instrumentation computational facilities. mental data must become routine in order centers (i.e., for instruments costing in (1) Natural laboratories. The develop- to increase confidence in the calculated the range of $100,000 and higher) ment and long-term maintenance of results. Detailed information about struc- should be established. These centers natural laboratories would facilitate tures, compositions, and the properties of are intended for periodic use by a large understanding of soil genesis and sur- mineral surfaces is still needed to under- number of investigators and could be face geochemical processes in every way stand complex, low-temperature miner- housed in laboratories already con- possible. Long-term geochemical obser- alogic systems. How does microscopic taining other analytical facilities (e.g., vatories of soils and weathered rock variability in composition and crystallo- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, would be established on sites that graphic structure affect surface chemical field emission scanning electron cover a range of physical environ- reactions? What are solid stabilities and microscopy, chromatographic analy- ments (i.e., climate, topography, reaction kinetics in systems that include ses). Technical support must be avail- bedrock, etc.) and biota. We envision organic components and microorganisms? able to assist users and maintain these natural laboratories as open sci- New advances in surface-sensitive spectro- equipment. Also, improved accessibil- entific resources dedicated to research scopies, in methods for quantifying solute ity to accelerator mass spectrometry by individual investigators or small concentrations and speciation, and in (AMS) facilities is needed for measure- teams of investigators. Site-based molecular modeling will provide the tools ment of cosmogenic isotopes (3He, research proposals would be solicited needed. Such advances must be aimed at 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al, 36Cl). TIMS (ther- from all qualified researchers. Natural micro- to nanoscale particles. Examples of mal ionization mass spectrometry) and laboratories would serve also as an new research problems include the roles of improved multicollector ICP-MS are educational resource to students (high microorganisms and extracellular organic needed for measurements of stable school, undergraduate, and graduate). species in controlling redox reactions at and radiogenic isotopes. Development of natural laboratories is mineral surfaces, kinetics of isotope (3) Computation. One of the forefront consistent with the National Science exchange reactions pertinent to paleocli- areas in geochemical computation is Foundation’s (NSF) new Biocomplexity matic studies, and the analysis of samples Initiative, which establishes long-term returned from Mars. ecological laboratories as part of the Opportunities continued on p. 12 Geochemistry of the Rock Record Efforts at investigating trends in past climates, marine and terrestrial ecology, SEG • GSA SYMPOSIUM ocean chemistry, redox state, and atmo- JANUS II: Mineral Exploration spheric composition have relied on our ability to distinguish primary geochemical for the 21st Century signals from diagenetic and metamorphic Sunday, November 12, 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. overprints. In recent years, our ability to Organizers: Lewis Gustafson and Murray Hitzman separate geochemical signatures according to process has improved through the Invited speakers will discuss the development of high-precision analytical state of the art in ore deposit geology. techniques (e.g., laser ablation ICP-MS Join us in Reno, Nevada. More info at www.segweb.org. [inductively coupled plasma–mass spec- P trometry], ion probes, selective chemical R • What we will look for - markets, etc. • Epithermal Au – Jeffrey Hedenquist, extractions for inorganic and organic com- O – Hugo Dummett Richard Sillitoe pounds) and the applications of new sta- G ble isotope techniques. These techniques R • Process challenges • Carlin-type Au: Defining characteris- enhance the sensitivity of spatial resolu- A – Douglas Fuerstenau tics, genetic models & exploration tion of elemental variations within indi- M • Political & environmental constraints frontiers – Joe Danni – Odin Christensen, Al Hofstra vidual phases. Potential benefits will be to T understand the movement of geochemical O • Foreshadowing general themes, future • Greenstone Au – David Groves, Fran- constituents among the lithosphere, P – Brian Skinner cois Robert hydrosphere, and atmosphere at critical I Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au – John Dilles, • Magmatic Ni-Cu-Co-Pt-Pd times in Earth’s history as related to mass • C Marco Einaudi, Lewis Gustafson – Anthony Naldrett, Michael Lesher extinctions, the origin and evolution of S Supergene ores and laterites life, ancient glaciation, past climates, and • Sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Cu • – George Brimhall, Paulo Vasconcelos widespread ocean anoxia. Likewise, new & – Murray Hitzman, Neil Williams instrumental methods (e.g., multicollector S • Exploration of the modern sea floor: ICP-MS) permit exploratory efforts in the P Developing new models for VMS & use of new isotope techniques for tracing E related ore deposit types biogeochemical processes. A – Mark Hannington, Peter Herzig Evening Session Panel Discussion K • Sedimentary Fe + Mn – Nicolas • General Themes, Research Direction E Beukes, Jens Gutzmer, Cornelis Klein Audience Participation R • S • Diamonds – John Gurney • Pizza & Free Beer

GSA TODAY, September 2000 11 GSA’s 2000 Research Grant Awards Leah Carter, Research Grants and Awards Administrator

The GSA Committee on Research Grants met in Boulder, Alexander P. Bump, University of Arizona, for “Late Creta- Colorado, on April 14–15, 2000, and awarded $399,094 to 245 ceous to Eocene Tectonic Evolution of Five Colorado Plateau graduate student applicants. Committee members for 2000 are Uplifts, Utah and Colorado.” Allen F. Glazner (Chair), Brian G. Katz, Jim E. O’Connor, James G. Matthew Hackworth, Louisiana State University, for “Effects Schmitt, Daniel K. Holm, John F. Bratton, Marith Cady Reheis, of Gas Hydrates on Authigenic Carbonate Precipitation in Hydro- and Russell C. Kelz (National Science Foundation Conferee). carbon Seep Sediments: Louisiana Continental Slope, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico.” STUDENT AWARDS Leigh Justet, University of Nevada—Las Vegas, for “Assessing the Role of Basalt Injection in the Geochemical Evolution of the This year, proposals were received from 600 students, of Jemez Volcanic Field, New Mexico.” which 245 (41%) were awarded grants. Of these recipients, 118 Michael Hren, Dartmouth College, for “Distribution of are master’s candidates, 126 are doctoral candidates, and one a Metals in Stream Sediments in the Fisher Creek Drainage, New postdoctoral fellow. Proposal requests totaled $1,380,749 for an World Mining District, Montana.” average of $2,301. The average award was $1,622. Karen L. Willey, University of Kansas, for “Modeling the Sixteen alternate candidates were selected by the committee Timing of Erosion and Deposition Events in the Loess Canyons in the event that some of the grantees return all or part of their of the Arikaree Breaks, Cheyenne County, Kansas.” grant funds due to their having changed their research project or Emily H. Onasch, University of California—Santa Barbara, receiving funds from another source. for “The Western Gneiss Region, Norway: A Missing Piece in the The Committee’s budget included $131,050 from the Pen- Puzzle of Ultrahigh-Pressure Rock Exhumation.” rose Endowment and the Pardee Memorial; $130,000 from the Derek J. Sjostrom, Dartmouth College, for “Characterization National Science Foundation; $7,550 from the Harold T. Stearns of Initial Precipitates in Acid Rock Drainage Environments: Award Fund, the Geophysics Division, the Sedimentary Geology Implications for Holocene Paleoclimate Determination Using Division, and the Structural Geology and Tectonics Division; and Stable Isotopes of Geothite.” $9,055 from funds returned too late in 1999 and early in 2000 to Heather K. Wood, University of Kansas, for “Strontium be re-awarded. The budget also included $121,360 from the GSA Isotopes as Environmental Indicators of Mineral Weathering: Foundation, which included $50,000 from the Research Fund, A Study of the Interbedded Carbonates and Siliciclastics of the $48,000 from GEOSTAR and Unrestricted funds, $3,000 from the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research Site, Northeastern Lipman Research Fund, and $2,500 from the Hydrogeology Divi- Kansas.” sion. Tammy Rittenour, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, for The recipients of student research grants awarded by GSA “Late-Pleistocene to Early-Holocene Evolution of the Lower divisions and sections will be announced in the October issue of Mississippi River Valley: Fluvial Response to External Forcing.” GSA Today. Hunter J. Hickes, Washington State University, for “Lanai Basalts, a Petrogenetic and Geochemical Study of Anomalous OUTSTANDING MENTION Hawaiian Volcanics.” The Committee on Research Grants specially recognized 32 James W. Funderburk, University of South Florida, for of the proposals as being of exceptionally high merit in concep- “Modern Variation in Predation Intensity: Constraints on and tion and presentation: Implications for Escalation.”

Opportunities continued from p. 11 (3) training of researchers and students tiatives in Biocomplexity in the Environ- in the use of new software and hard- ment (BE) (http://nsf.gov/home/crssprgm/ ware. It is desirable to increase access be/) and the new Nanoscale Science and the coupling of mass and energy trans- of research results by investigators and Engineering (NSE) (www.nsf.gov/nano). port with chemical reactions. These students. Online project databases Results from the new initiative in low- fully coupled codes are computation- increase interest in ongoing research temperature and environmental geo- ally intensive, and they are recognized throughout the entire earth science chemistry will have major impact on both inside and outside academia as community. Such databases also will pressing problems such as pollution of important tools for interpreting and enable the individual investigator to water and soil, nutrient supply in relation predicting geochemical processes. address important research problems to global elemental cycles, and fate and Emphasis should be placed on devel- that were previously out of reach. For transport of inorganic and organic pollu- oping codes and on sharing computer example, testing hypotheses relevant tants. This report is a starting point for facilities for running the codes. An to global-scale processes, such as car- continued discussion of research direc- additional computational approach, bon or nitrogen cycling, may take tions and priorities. Given the importance highly relevant to low-temperature place more readily through acquisition of the research priorities, the breadth of geochemical problems, is molecular of data from regional project databases topics in low-temperature and environ- modeling. This tool permits funda- available via the World Wide Web. mental geochemistry, and the rapid evolu- mental molecular description of reac- tion of geochemical research, subsequent tions in solutions and at the mineral- Summary Remarks workshops should be convened at three- water interface. Molecular modeling to five-year intervals to discuss progress, would have more impact if access to it Fundamental research in low- trends, directions, and priorities in low- and use of it by researchers were made temperature and environmental geochem- temperature and environmental possible by: (1) the existence of more istry addresses issues critical to the sustain- geochemistry. shared facilities, (2) increased support ability of life on Earth. This initiative is in for new software and hardware, and line with the recently announced NSF ini- Opportunities continued on p. 13

12 GSA TODAY, September 2000 Marwan A. Wartes, University of Wisconsin—Madison, for Benjamin J.C. Laabs, Northern Arizona University, for “Thermochronology of the Chugach and Saint Elias Mountains, “Evidence and Causes of Quaternary Lake-Level Change in the Alaska: Examining the Impact of Tectonic Uplift on Climate Bear Lake Valley, Northern Utah and Southern Idaho.” Change.” Gary Randolph O’Brien, Northern Arizona University, for Jennifer R. Smith, University of Pennsylvania, for “Climatic “Reevaluation of Lava-Dammed Lake Deposits in the Grand and Cultural Change in the Egyptian Sahara.” Canyon, Arizona.” Aradhna Tripati, University of California—Santa Cruz, for Michelle Kearney, University of New Mexico, for “Rates and “Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction for the Early Pathways of Nitrate Attenuation in the Hyporheic Zone of a First- Paleogene Using Mg/Ca Ratios of Planktonic Foraminifera.” Order Mountain Stream.” Jason P. Briner, University of Colorado, for “Late Pleistocene Alexandre D. Castrounis, University of New Mexico, for Fluctuations of the Northeastern Margin of the Laurentide Ice “Paleomagnetism of Lower Permian Redbeds in Central and Sheet, Northeastern Baffin Island.” North-Central New Mexico and the Kinematics of Deformation Ivan C. Higuera-Diaz, Northern Illinois University, for along the Eastern Margin of the Colorado Plateau.” “3-Dimensional Geometry and Kinematics of the Nuncios Timothy A. Meckel, University of Texas—Austin, for Detachment Fold Complex in the Sierra Madre Oriental, “Stratigraphy and Chronology of Miocene Rift Sediments in Monterrey Salient, Mexico.” Eritrea, East Africa and Their Application to Rift Development Elizabeth A. Scott, University of Albany, for “Investigating and Hominoid Vertebrate Evolution.” the Significance of Grain and Phase Boundary Migration in Melissa E. Lenczewski, University of Tennessee, for Igneous Crystal-Melt Systems.” “Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene (TCE) in Fractured Shale Stephen John Piercey, University of British Columbia, for Saprolite in East Tennessee.” “Petrology, Timing and Tectonic Setting of Volcanogenic Massive Robin L. Whatley, University of California—Santa Barbara, Sulfide (VMS) Mineralization in the Finlayson Lake Region, for “Comparative Anatomy and Biostratigraphic Placement of a Yukon-Tanana Terrane, Southeastern Yukon Territory, Canada.” Triassic-Aged Reptile from Southwestern Madagascar.” Karina Gabrielle Hankins, University of Southern California, Greg Stock, University of California—Santa Cruz, for for “Paleoecological Changes in Marine Communities across the “Geomorphic and Paleoclimatic Implications of Cave Deposits Triassic-Jurassic Boundary, New York Canyon, Western Nevada.” from the Sierra Nevada, California.” Mel Strong, Washington State University, for “Chemical and Michael Poland, Arizona State University, for “The Physical Variations within Scoria Cones, Lassen Volcanic Field, Mechanism of En Echelon Dike Emplacement.” California.” Heather L. Quevedo, University of Iowa, for “A High- STUDENT RECIPIENTS OF SPECIAL AWARDS IN 2000 Resolution Carbon Isotope Record of Atmospheric CO Increases 2 Gretchen L. Blechschmidt Research Award. This during the Last Deglaciation from Varved Lake Sediments from award supports research for women interested in achieving a the Pequest River Valley, New Jersey.” Ph.D. in the geological sciences and a career in academic Douglas Keith Tinkham, University of Alabama, for research. This year’s recipient is Aradhna Tripati, University of “Metamorphic History of the Central Nason Terrane, Cascade California—Santa Cruz, for her project “Tropical Sea Surface Core, Washington: The Temporal Relationships between Crustal Temperature Reconstruction for the Early Paleogene Using Mg/Ca Loading, High-Temperature Metamorphism, and Plutonism.” Ratios of Planktonic Foraminifera.” Stephanie Kienast, University of British Columbia, for “Unraveling North Pacific Deep Water Composition during the Last Climatic Cycle: Separating Deep Circulation Effects from Imprints of Local Primary Production.” Research Grants continued on p. 14

Opportunities continued from p. 12 William H. Casey, University of California, Kathryn L. Nagy, University of Colorado, Davis, CA Boulder, CO Acknowledgments Oliver A. Chadwick, University of D. Kirk Nordstrom, U.S. Geological Survey, California, Santa Barbara, CA Boulder, CO Financial support for this workshop came from the Geology and Paleontology Carrick M. Eggleston, University of Fred M. Phillips, New Mexico Institute of and the Petrology and Geochemistry Wyoming, Laramie, WY Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM programs in the Division of Earth Science, W. Crawford Elliott, Convener and report Christopher S. Romanek, Savannah River National Science Foundation (EAR- compiler, Georgia State University, Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 9908454). Atlanta, GA Samuel M. Savin, Case Western Reserve Authors and Katherine H. Freeman, Pennsylvania State University, Cleveland, OH Workshop Participants University, State College, PA Garrison Sposito, University of California, Jillian F. Banfield, University of Wisconsin, Martin B. Goldhaber, U.S. Geological Berkeley, CA Madison, WI Survey, Boulder, CO Alan T. Stone, Johns Hopkins University, Jay L. Banner, University of Texas, H. Richard Lane, National Science Baltimore, MD Austin, TX Foundation, Arlington, VA Michael A. Velbel, Michigan State Univer- Craig M. Bethke, University of Illinois, Timothy W. Lyons, University of Missouri, sity, East Lansing, MI Urbana, IL Columbia, MO Crayton J. Yapp, Southern Methodist Uni- Joel D. Blum, University of Michigan, Claudia I. Mora, University of Tennessee, versity, Dallas, TX Ann Arbor, MI Knoxville, TN Herman B. Zimmerman, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA ■

GSA TODAY, September 2000 13 Research Grants continued from p. 13 from Collisional Orogenesis to Postorogenic Collapse, Fiordland, New Zealand;” and Valerie M. Monastra, Cornell University, for John T. Dillon Alaska Research Award. John T. Dillon “Atmospherically Derived Lead Signatures across a Hawaiian Soil was noted for his radiometric dating work in the Brooks Range, Chronosequence.” the results of which have had a major impact on the geologic Bryce Hand Award. The Bryce Hand Research Award is a understanding of this mountain range. The recipient of this one-time gift to support research in the field of stratigraphy award is Marwan A. Wartes, University of Wisconsin—Madison, and/or sedimentology. The 2000 recipient is Timothy A. Meckel, for “Thermochronology of the Chugach and Saint Elias Moun- University of Texas—Austin, for “Stratigraphy and Chronology of tains, Alaska: Examining the Impact of Tectonic Uplift on Miocene Rift Sediments in Eritrea, East Africa and Their Applica- Climate Change.” tion to Rift Development and Hominoid Vertebrate Evolution.” Robert K. Fahnestock Award. This award honors the John Montagne Fund. This fund was established in 1997 memory of Ken Fahnestock, who was a member of the Commit- to support one recipient’s research in the field of quaternary tee on Research Grants. It is awarded to the applicant with the and/or geomorphology. The fund's first award recipient, for 2000, best proposal in sediment transport or related aspects of fluvial is Jennifer R. Smith, University of Pennsylvania, for “Climatic geomorphology. The 2000 recipient is Karen L. Willey, University and Cultural Change in the Egyptian Sahara.” of Kansas, for “Modeling the Timing of Erosion and Deposition Horace R. Blank, Sr., Bequest. This bequest supports the Events in the Loess Canyons of the Arikaree Breaks, Cheyenne research grants program in the fields of mineralogy, sedimentol- County, Kansas.” ogy, igneous and metamorphic petrology, and geology. The 2000 Lipman Research Award. The Lipman Research Fund is recipients are: Alexander P. Bump, University of Arizona, for “Late supported by gifts from the Howard and Jean Lipman Foundation Cretaceous to Eocene Tectonic Evolution of Five Colorado Plateau to promote and support student research grants in volcanology Uplifts, Utah and Colorado”; Matthew Hackworth, Louisiana and petrology. Peter W. Lipman, president of the Lipman Founda- State University, for “Effects of Gas Hydrates on Authigenic Car- tion, was the recipient of a GSA research grant in 1965. The 2000 bonate Precipitation in Hydrocarbon Seep Sediments: Louisiana Lipman Award recipient is Leigh Justet, University of Nevada— Continental Slope, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico”; Michael Hren, Las Vegas, for “Assessing the Role of Basalt Injection in the Geo- Dartmouth College, for “Distribution of Metals in Stream Sedi- chemical Evolution of the Jemez Volcanic Field, New Mexico.” ments in the Fisher Creek Drainage, New World Mining District, Bruce L. “Biff” Reed Scholarship Award. This award Montana”; Emily H. Onasch, University of California—Santa Bar- was established in Reed’s memory to provide grants to graduate bara, for “The Western Gneiss Region, Norway: A Missing Piece in students pursuing studies in the tectonic and magmatic evolution the Puzzle of Ultrahigh-Pressure Rock Exhumation”; Derek J. of Alaska primarily, and it also can fund other geologic work in Sjostrom, Dartmouth College, for “Characterization of Initial Pre- Alaska. This year’s recipient is Alison M. Anders, University of cipitates in Acid Rock Drainage Environments: Implications for Washington, for “Rate and Extent of Chemical Weathering at Holocene Paleoclimate Determination Using Stable Isotopes of Bering Glacier, Southeast Alaska, from River Chemistry.” Geothite”; Heather K. Wood, University of Kansas, for “Strontium Alexander Sisson Research Award. Family members of Isotopes as Environmental Indicators of Mineral Weathering: A Alexander Sisson established a fund in his memory to promote Study of the Interbedded Carbonates and Siliciclastics of the and support research for students pursuing studies in Alaska and Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research Site, northeastern the Caribbean. The recipient of the award this year is James W. Kansas”; Elizabeth A. Scott, University of Albany, for “Investigat- Funderburk, University of South Florida, for “Modern Variation ing the Significance of Grain and Phase Boundary Migration in in Predation Intensity: Constraints on and Implications for Igneous Crystal-Melt Systems”; Mel Strong, Washington State Escalation.” University, for “Chemical and Physical Variations within Scoria Harold T. Stearns Fellowship Award. Harold Stearns Cones, Lassen Volcanic Field, California”; Michael Poland, Ari- established the Harold T. Stearns Fellowship Award in 1973 for zona State University, for “The Mechanism of En Echelon Dike student research on aspects of the geology of the Pacific Islands Emplacement”; Zachary J. Davis, State University of New York at and the Circum-Pacific region. The 2000 recipients are: Hunter J. Stony Brook, for “Lithic Resource Exploitation Strategies during Hickes, Washington State University, for “Lanai Basalts, A Petro- the Upper Pleistocene in the Western Cape Province, South genetic and Geochemical Study of Anomalous Hawaiian Vol- Africa”; Emmanuelle Arnaud, McMaster University, for “Sedimen- canics;” Douglas Keith Tinkham, University of Alabama, for tological Evidence for a Snowball Earth”; David Dolejs, McGill “Metamorphic History of the Central Nason Terrane, Cascade University, for “Phase Relationships in Fluorine-Bearing Granitic Core, Washington: The Temporal Relationships between Crustal Magmas: Experimental Study Using High-Pressure Differential Loading, High-Temperature Metamorphism, and Plutonism;” Thermal Analysis”; Alan Edward Koenig, Colorado State Univer- Alexander Lee Claypool, University of Vermont, for “Kinematic sity, for “Major and Trace Element Zoning and Sm-Nd Dating of Evolution of Lower Crustal Shear Zones during the Transition Polymetamorphic Garnets: The Boehls Butte–Goat Mountain Metamorphic Complex, Northern Idaho”; Tara M. Curtin, University of Arizona, for “Seasonal Climate Signals Preserved in COLE AWARDS FOR POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH Laminated Lacustrine Rocks in Triassic Lake Ischichuca in the Ischigualasto Joel L. Pederson, Utah State University, was awarded the Gladys W. Cole Memorial Basin, Northwest Argentina”; Richard Research Award for $11,500 for 2000 to support his project “Quaternary Incision and John Fink, Louisiana State University, for Geomorphic Evolution of Eastern Grand Canyon.” This award is restricted to support “Late Cretaceous–Paleogene Tectonic Evo- research for the investigation of the geomorphology of semiarid and arid terrains in the lution of the Central Andes Based on the United States and Mexico. Stratigraphic Record of the Altiplano and Eastern Cordillera, Bolivia”; Margaret E. The W. Storrs Cole Memorial Research Award, which is restricted to support research in McMillan, University of Wyoming, for invertebrate micropaleontology, was not awarded in 2000 due to the lack of qualified “Late Cenozoic Exhumation of the Cen- applications. tral Rocky Mountains”; Natalie C. Eligibility for both Cole awards is restricted to GSA Members and Fellows between 30 Caciagli, University of California—Los and 65 years of age. Angeles, for “Effects of Fluid-Flux at High Pressures: Implications for the Geochemistry of High-Grade Metamorphic

14 GSA TODAY, September 2000 Rocks”; Elizabeth Ruth Goeke, Indiana University, for “Metamor- phic Overprinting: Influence of Alleghanian Metamorphism on Acadian Rocks of the Bronson Hill Terrane”; Ryan Zane Taylor, Earth Science Week 2000 University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, for “May Lake Inter- pluton Screen and its Bearing on Pluton Emplacement”; Elizabeth Bound in this issue is the American Geological Institute’s Pendleton, Boston University, for “Decadal Changes in Backbar- (AGI) Earth Science Week 2000 poster. Earth Science Week pro- rier Region of a Newly Formed Inlet in Response to an Increase in vides a focal point for public education about Earth and earth Hydraulic Regime, New Inlet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts”; Jorge processes. Vazquez, University of California—Los Angeles, for “Constraining For ideas on how to participate, visit GSA’s Web site at the Accumulation and Differentiation History of the Youngest www.geosociety.org. The Society of Exploration Geophysicists Toba Tuff Magma Reservoir by Combining Mineral and Melt also maintains an Earth Science Week site at http://students. Inclusion Composition with Ion Microprobe Dating”; and seg.org/EarthScienceWeek/ and provides slide sets for presenta- Jonathan Guy Wynn, University of Oregon, for “Neogene Pale- tion to K–12 classes. AGI’s site at www.earthsciweek.org pro- osols of the Hominoid-Bearing Samburu Hills, Northern Kenya.” vides ideas, activities, and information about a kit of Earth Science Week materials. Single copies of the kit are free. Visit the Web site or contact Julie Jackson at AGI, 4220 King St., Alexan- OTHER SUCCESSFUL APPLICANTS dria, VA 22302, [email protected], (703) 379-2480. Other applicants recommended for funding are the following:

Stephen Ahlgren Ann Dansart Joel Le Calvez Holly Riffe Nadir Akpulat Carlos David Ellen Leavitt Michelle Roberts Simone Alin Gregory Dietl Nancy Leawood Delores Robinson Stephen Allard Amanda Diulio Varner Leggitt Wilfredo Rosado Nicholas Allmendinger Amy Dougherty Katherine Leonard Harold Rowe Lorin Amidon Martin Doyle Elisabeth Levac Martin Roy Lee Amoroso David Dufeau Laura Levy Michael Rutter Gunilla Andreasson Eric Eddlemon Ian Lunt Martin Saar Richard Ashmore Martha Eppes Eugene MacDonald Steve Sahetapy-Engel Gregory Bank Adrian Ezeagu Christopher Madden Karen Samonds Rich Barclay Leigh Fall Aaron Mango Jill Savage Soyini Baten Dan Ferdinand Fernandez Bryan Mark Ilsa Schiefelbein Claire Beaney Manual Filgueira-Rivera Jefffrey Markle Adam Schoonmaker Paul Bedrosian Mara Finkelstein Cynthia Martinez Tim Schroeder Christopher Berg Seth Finnegan James McCaughey Jeffrey Schwartz Matthias Bernet Duane Froese Daniel McCrumb Nathan Sheldon Karen Bezusko Sarah Gaddis Daniel Michaud Mona-Liza Sirbescu Paul Bigelow William Garcia Karen Michelsen Kevin Smith Warren Bigelow Geoffrey Garrison Leslie Mikesell Michael Smith Eric Bilderback Tim Gere Daniel Morris Sara Smith Martin Bizzarro Scott Grasse Christopher Moses Darin Snyder Sarah Boon Phyllis Gregoire Stephen Moss Jennifer Starr Benjamin Bostick Melissa Hicks Christopher Moy Caroline Stromberg Andrew Bowman Barbara Hill Jordan Muller James Sutherland Rich Briggs Joseph Hill Jeffrey Munroe Mark Sweeney Rosalice Buehrer Heidi Hoffower Stephen Nathan Alexander Tate Emily Burns Christopher Holm Mike Nicholis Diana Thiel Sande Burr Robyn Howley Christopher Oze Anna Thompson Peter Buscemi Chad Hults Sean Pack Anne Tillery Andery Calkins Brenda Hunda Darrin Pagnac J. Michael Timmons Deirdra Cantrell Sonja Ingram Yucheng Pan Eric Tohver Donna Carlson Sara James William Parcell Wooyong Um Robert Carpenter Marcia Jensen William Parker Gerald Unterreiner Tracey Carpenter Benjamin Johnson Kari Parson Jennifer Unterschutz Eric Carson Cari Johnson Panagiota Passinos Natalie Uschner Amy Carter Heather Jones Justin Pearce Christopher Van De Ven Brad Carter Shelley Judge Karin Peyer Stefan Vogel Britt Cartwright-Kass Alice Kelley Shaili Pfeiffer Kristoffer Walker Peter Castiglia Susan Kelly William Phelps Colin Walling Alice Chang Michael Kerr Andrew Pitner Honshan Wang Mary Cheversia Lowell Kessel David Porinchu Andrew Webber Dave Clement Markus Kienast Rebecca Price Paul Wetmore Angela Coleman Matthew Kirby Sarah Principato Scott Wilkins Joseph Colgan James Klaus Steven Quane Trudy Wohlleben Melissa Connely Richard Krause Margaret Quinn Yongjun Yue Sean Cornell Lori Krikorian Alexander Raab Brent Zaprowski Celeste Cosby Nathan Kuhle J. Elmo Rawling III Haibo Zou ■ Samuel Coyner Sanghoon Kwon Joanna Redwine Matthew Dalessio Toti Larson Jason Reed Julia Daly Peter Lask Sarah Rieboldt

GSA TODAY, September 2000 15 Preliminary Announcement and Call for Papers (802) 443-5430, [email protected]; Tom Manley, (802) 443-3114, tmanley@ middlebury.edu. NORTHEASTERN SECTION, GSA 5. Thermochronology from Apatite 36th Annual Meeting to Monazite: Deciphering Polymeta- morphic Terranes. Mary Roden-Tice, Burlington, Vermont, March 12–14, 2001 (518) 564-4032, mary.rodentice@ plattsburgh.edu; Bob Wintsch, (812) 855-4018, [email protected]. 6. Environmental Records from REGISTRATION ABSTRACTS Large Estuaries Along the North- Preregistration Deadline: Abstracts Deadline: eastern U.S. Seaboard. Johan C. Friday, February 2, 2001 December 5, 2000 Varekamp and Ellen Taylor, (860) Cancellation Deadline: Abstracts for all sessions must be sub- 685-2248, [email protected]. Friday, February 9, 2001 mitted online at the GSA Web site. Please 7. Early and Middle Paleozoic GSA Headquarters will handle prereg- see article announcing GSA’s new elec- Sequence Stratigraphy—Tectonic istration. Registration details will be in the tronic abstracts submittal system on page and Eustatic Signatures in Eastern December 2000 issue of GSA Today and at 17 of this issue. If you have questions, Laurentia. Ed Landing, (518) 474-5816, www.geosociety.org. You will be able to contact Andrea Lini, (802) 656-0245, [email protected]; Carlton E. Brett, preregister online at www.geosociety.org [email protected]. (513) 556-4556, [email protected]. in December. Only one volunteered paper may be The Northeastern Section is commit- presented by an individual; however a per- THEME SESSIONS ted to making every event at the 2001 son may be a coauthor on other papers. 1. Terrestrial Records of Late Pleis- meeting accessible to all persons interested Also, those invited for symposia may pre- tocene and Holocene Climate in attending. Please indicate any special sent additional papers. Change. Paul Bierman, (802) 656-4411, requirements on the meeting registration [email protected]. form, or contact conference general chair, SYMPOSIA 2. Paleolimnological Records of Tracy Rushmer. (See Detailed Informa- Symposia will include invited papers Holocene Climate Change. Andrea tion.) and selected volunteered papers. Prospec- Lini, (802) 656-0245, [email protected]; tive authors are encouraged to contact Mark Abbot, (413) 545-0229, mabbott@ CALL FOR PAPERS individual conveners directly. Address geo.umass.edu. Papers are invited from students and requests for general information regarding 3. Slope Stability in New England professionals for presentation in oral and symposia to Tracy Rushmer, or Andrea Environments. Kyle Nichols, (802) poster general sessions and for presenta- Lini. (See Detailed Information.) 656-3398, [email protected]; Paul tions that may fit into the symposia and 1. Caledonian Magmatism: Cross- Bierman, (802) 656-4411, pbierman@ theme sessions listed below. Additional Atlantic Connections. John Hogan, zoo.uvm.edu. general discipline sessions will be sched- (573) 341-4618, [email protected]; 4. Deformation, Metamorphism, and uled on the basis of submitted abstracts. Calvin G. Barnes, (806) 742-3106, Melting: Interactions in the Crust. Oral technical sessions and symposia pro- [email protected]; Øystein Nordgulen, Tracy Rushmer, (802) 656-8136, vide 15 minutes for presentation and five [email protected]; A.K. Sinha, [email protected]; Gayle Gleason, minutes for questions and discussion. All [email protected]. (207) 872-3248, [email protected]; slides must fit a standard 35-mm carousel 2. Fault Zone Evolution and Conver- Mike Brown, [email protected]. tray. Two projectors will be provided in gent Tectonics: A Symposium in 5. Geologic Evolution of the North- each of the technical sessions. Speakers are Honor of Rolfe Stanley. Keith Klepeis, ern Appalachians. Barry Doolan, (802) encouraged to bring their own loaded tray (802) 656-0246, [email protected]. 656-0248, [email protected]. to the meeting. Poster sessions will allow 3. Glacial Processes in New England: 6. Carbonate Geology with a Focus at least three hours of display time. A Symposium in Honor of Fred on the Trenton-Black River and Larsen. Stephen Wright, (802) 656-4479, Beekmantown. Gerald Friedman, (518) [email protected]. 273-3247. 4. Multidisciplinary Research Topics: 7. Geologic Aspects of Environmen- Lake Champlain Basin. Pat Manley, tal Problems in the Northeast. Jamie GSA Member Service Center One-stop shopping for all your GSA needs! E-mail: [email protected] Buy a GSA publication Update your mailing address Register for a GSA meeting Get the information you need New! Online membership renewal at www.geosociety.org (303) 447-2020, ext. 774 • Fax: 303-443-1510 Toll-free: 1-888-443-4472 • www.geosociety.org

16 GSA TODAY, September 2000 Shanley, (802) 828-4466, jshanley@usgs. gov; Scott W. Bailey, (603) 726-8902, New Abstracts System: [email protected]. 8. Paleoecology and Paleobiology of Appearing Live! Oxygen Controlled Faunas. (Sponsored by the Paleontological Society.) Christopher McRoberts, [email protected]; GSA is introducing a new abstracts management system based on the same software David Lehmann, [email protected]. used by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the American Chem- 9. K–12 Education: Earth and Envi- ical Society. This software offers many improvements over our previous system and ronmental Science. Christine Massey, promises to make the entire process of submitting abstracts easier for authors. (802) 656-1344, [email protected]. “The new abstracts system is now ‘live’ and can be accessed from our home page at DEDICATED POSTER SESSION www.geosociety.org,” says Nancy Carlson, GSA’s abstracts program coordinator. Results from the Bedrock Vermont “Those submitting abstracts for the upcoming section meetings can use the system, State Map Project and in fact, calls for papers for all section meetings, which are published on our Web site, serve as convenient portals into the new abstract system.” SHORT COURSES Here are a few advantages to the new system: Both short courses will be held in Perkins Hall, Computer Laboratory, Uni- • Lost connection? No problem. With this new system, authors can versity of Vermont. resume making a submission if they lose their Internet connection before they are finished. Sunday, March 11 • Inspect, revise, and tweak away. Authors can immediately inspect their System Dynamic Modeling of Natu- submissions online, and they can revise their password-protected abstracts as ral Environments: An Introduction necessary up until the published abstract submission deadline date. to Stella. Al Cassell, School of Natural Resources, Jim Hoffman, Dept. of Botany, • Collaboration encouraged. Each author and coauthor is provided (by and Jack Drake, Dept. of Geology, Univer- e-mail) with a permanent record of the abstract identification number and sity of Vermont. Please contact leaders for password, and abstracts can be accessed from any Internet connection, mak- course specifics and requirements. ing collaborative authoring more convenient. • Special characters welcome. The new system supports the submission of Monday evening (6:00–9:00 p.m.), complex abstracts that contain subscripts, superscripts, italic and boldface March 12 type, tables, Greek letters, and equations. Thermodynamic Modeling of Min- eral Reactions: An Introduction to “We believe that most authors compose their abstracts in Microsoft Word or Word- GIBBs. Frank Spear, Rensselaer Polytech- Perfect, and we encourage them to use these word processing programs for layout nic Insitute, Troy, NY. and to check spelling,” says Carlson. “These programs—and most other new ver- sions of other word-processing programs—also allow a file to be saved in HTML for- FIELD TRIPS mat. Authors will be instructed to take advantage of that ‘File–Save As’ feature to Trips planned at this time are listed submit any complex content. This system of supporting both text and HTML sub- below. The trips will run depending on mission has been extensively tested by authors around the world during the past weather. three years, and we are confident that our members will be pleased with the new Saturday, March 10. The Stanley abstracts system.” Outcrops. Leaders: Barry Doolan and Step-by-step instructions along the way will help with any questions you may have Keith Klepeis. about using the system. After submitting your abstract, please feel free to contact Sunday, March 11. Teaching Nancy Carlson at [email protected] and share your thoughts and your expe- Hydrology in the Winter, a Hands- riences using the new system. On Field Trip. Leaders: Paul Bierman and Kyle Nichols. Sunday, March 11, and Tuesday, March 13. The Champlain Thrust at Treasurer, GSA Northeastern Section, 2300 for commercial exhibitors and $125 for Lone Rock Point. Leaders: University of St. Paul Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, (410) educational or nonprofit groups or institu- Vermont staff, (2–3 hour trip, morning or 554-5532, fax 410-554-5502, kweaver438@ tions. For further information and space afternoon). aol.com. reservations, contact Exhibits Coordinator Monday, March 12, and Wednes- The Northeastern Section also Andrea Lini, Dept. of Geology, Perkins day, March 14. The Salmon Hole– announces availability of undergraduate Geology Hall, University of Vermont, Redstone Quarry. Leaders: University of research grants: Students in the Northeast- Burlington, VT 05405, (802) 656-0245. Vermont Staff, (2–3 hour trip, morning or ern Section who are juniors in the 2000– afternoon). 2001 academic year are eligible to apply DETAILED INFORMATION for a research grant from Ken Weaver. For further information, see www. STUDENT TRAVEL GRANTS Applications are available at the above geosociety.org or contact General Chair The Northeastern Section is giving address, and the deadline for completed Tracy Rushmer, Department of Geology, travel grants to students who are present- applications is February 12, 2001. University of Vermont, Burlington, VT ing papers at the Burlington meeting. The 05405, (802) 656-8136, trushmer@zoo. section is providing $3,000 which will be EXHIBITS uvm.edu, or Andrea Lini, Technical matched with $2,000 by the GSA Founda- Exhibits will be located in the Cham- Program Chair, Department of Geology, tion making an aggregate fund of $5,000. plain Room of the Sheraton Convention University of Vermont, Burlington, VT The awards are open to both graduate and Center. Snacks and refreshments will be 05405, (802) 656-0245, undergraduate students. To apply, please continuously available for exhibit visitors. [email protected]. ■ contact Kenneth N. Weaver, Secretary- The cost of standard booths will be $250

GSA TODAY, September 2000 17 Preliminary Announcement and Call for Papers ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu, (615) 322-2232; and Bob Hatcher, University of Tennessee, SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, GSA Knoxville, and Oak Ridge National Lab. 50th Annual Meeting THEME SESSIONS If you would like to propose an addi- Raleigh, North Carolina, April 5–6, 2001 tional theme session, please contact Ron Fodor, North Carolina State University, [email protected], (919) 515-7177. 1. Geologic Maps and Digital Geo- logic Maps. Ralph F. Crawford and he Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences at North Carolina Michael W. Higgins, Applied Mapping State University, in conjunction with the North Carolina Geological Survey, will Systems, Inc., [email protected], T host the 50th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Section of the Geological (770) 641-1268. POSTERS ONLY Society of America. The meeting is scheduled for Thursday and Friday, April 5–6, 2001. 2. The Stratigraphy of the South- eastern Atlantic Coastal Plain: A HEADQUARTERS, ACCOMMODA- (601) 266-4077; Heather Macdonald, Col- Poster Session with Core Samples. TIONS, AND REGISTRATION lege of William and Mary; Bob Hatcher, Kathleen Farrell, North Carolina Geologi- Preregistration Deadline: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and cal Survey, [email protected], February 23, 2001 Oak Ridge National Lab; and Bill Thomas, (919) 733-2423; and Bill Harris, University Cancellation Deadline: University of Kentucky. of North Carolina, Wilmington. POSTERS March 2, 2001 2. Groundwater Conditions in ONLY The meeting headquarters will be the Coastal Aquifer Systems: Past, Pre- 3. Triassic Basins of the Southeast- Sheraton Capital Center Hotel in down- sent, and Future. Richard Spruill, East ern United States. (Sponsored by the SE town Raleigh and the adjoining meeting Carolina University, [email protected], Section SEPM.) Paul Thayer, University of facilities on the third floor of the Han- (252) 328-4399. North Carolina, Wilmington, Thayer@ nover Tower. A block of rooms is reserved 3. Cenozoic Evolution of the uncwil.edu, (910) 962-3780; and Dan for GSA at the Sheraton, and alternate Appalachian Orogen. Jim Knapp, Textoris, University of North Carolina, accommodations are also available. Details University of South Carolina, knapp@ Chapel Hill. will be found in the December issue of geol.sc.edu, (803) 777-6886; Ray Christo- 4. Engineering and Environmental GSA Today, and also at www.geosociety.org. pher, Clemson University; and Dave Geology. (Sponsored by Engineering Geology Please preregister to qualify for lower Prowell, U.S. Geological Survey. Division.) Charles Welby, North Carolina fees and to assist the local committee in 4. Advances in Geochronology and State University, [email protected], their planning and preparation. Online Thermochronology in the (919) 515-7158. preregistration is strongly encouraged and Appalachian Orogen. Brent Miller, 5. Great Ideas in Teaching Geo- may be accomplished through the GSA University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, science, K–16. (Cosponsored by SE Section Web site at www.geosociety.org; a hard [email protected], (919) 962-6583; NAGT and the SEGSA Education Commit- copy registration form will be included and Scott Samson, Syracuse University. tee.) Lynne Gronback, McDougle Middle with the Final Announcement in the 5. Great Ideas in Teaching Geo- School, Chapel Hill, Lgronback@ December issue of GSA Today, or may be science, K–16. (Cosponsored by SE Section mindspring.com, (919) 644-2681. POSTERS downloaded as a pdf file from the GSA NAGT and the SEGSA Education Commit- ONLY Web site. tee.) Michael Gibson, University of Ten- 6. Geologic Linkages between Land nessee—Martin, [email protected], (901) and Sea: Estuarine Sediment ABSTRACTS 587-7435; and David Kopaska-Merkel, Dynamics and Deposits. Clark Alexan- Abstract deadline: January 2, 2001 Geological Survey of Alabama. der, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Abstracts for all sessions must be sub- 6. Earth Science in the High School [email protected], (912) 598-2329; mitted online at the GSA Web site. Please Curriculum. (Cosponsored by SEGSA and John Wells, University of North Car- see the article announcing GSA’s new elec- Education Committee and the SE Section olina, Chapel Hill. tronic abstracts submittal system on page NAGT.) Charles Gardner and Mary Wat- 7. Hard Rock Hydrogeology: The 17 of this issue. If you have questions, son, North Carolina Geological Survey, Occurrence and Movement of contact Edward F. (Skip) Stoddard, (919) [email protected], (919) 733- Ground Water in the Southern 515-7939, [email protected]. 3833. Appalachian Blue Ridge and Pied- Only one volunteered paper may be 7. Atlantic Coastal Plain Geology: A mont. Matt Heller, North Carolina presented by an individual; however a per- Symposium in Honor of Gerald H. Ground Water Section, Matt.Heller@ son may be a coauthor on other papers. Johnson. Heather Macdonald, College of ncmail.net, (704) 663-1699; Barbara Also, those invited for symposia may pre- William and Mary, [email protected], Christian, North Carolina Ground Water sent additional papers. (757) 221-2443; and Scott Harris, Coastal Section; and Charles Daniel, U.S. Geo- Carolina University. logical Survey. SYMPOSIA 8. Beach Nourishment: The Wave of 8. Brittle Faulting in the Carolinas. If you would like to propose an addi- the Future for Erosion Control. Bill Jack Garihan, Furman University, tional symposium, please contact Ron Cleary, University of North Carolina, [email protected], (864) Fodor, North Carolina State University, Wilmington, [email protected], (910) 294-2052; and Bill Clendenin, South [email protected], (919) 515-7177. 256-3721, ext. 251; and Orrin Pilkey, Duke Carolina Geological Survey. 1. 50th Anniversary Symposium: University. 9. Granitoid Plutons, Rocks, and History of Geology in the Southeast- 9. Terrane Boundaries and Paleosub- Minerals. Loren Raymond, Appalachian ern Section. (Sponsored by the SEGSA Edu- duction Zones in the Inner Pied- State University, [email protected], cation Committee and the History of Geology mont and Blue Ridge: Where Are (828) 262-2749; and Sam Swanson, Uni- Division.) Gail Russell, University of South- They, What Is Their History? Calvin versity of Georgia. ern Mississippi, [email protected], Miller, Vanderbilt University, millercf@ 10. Undergraduate Research. (Spon- sored by the Council for Undergraduate

18 GSA TODAY, September 2000 Research.) POSTERS ONLY Section NAGT and SEGSA Education Com- students will receive some support, the mittee.) Leader: Al Carpenter, North Car- amount depending on the number of FIELD TRIPS olina Geological Survey (Retired); Contact: applicants. The application form can be For information concerning sched- Tyler Clark, [email protected], (919) found at www.geology.ecu.edu/geology/ uled field trips, please contact Bill Hoff- 733-2423. segsa/travel.html. Applications must be man, North Carolina Geological Survey, 9. A North-South Transect of the postmarked no later than March 1, 2001. [email protected], (919) 733-7353, Goochland Terrane and Associated Additional information may be obtained ext. 25. A-type Granites, Virginia and North from Donald Neal, (252) 328-4392, 1. Framing the Piedmont Zone in Carolina. Stewart Farrar, Eastern Ken- [email protected]. North Carolina and Southern tucky University, [email protected], Virginia. Jim Hibbard, North Carolina (606) 662-1279; and Brent Owens, College WORKSHOP (for educators, State University, [email protected], (919) of William and Mary. grades 6–12) 515-7242; Kevin Stewart, University of 10. Cape Fear River Transect: The Earth Science–Environmental Science North Carolina, Chapel Hill; and Bill Cretaceous Cape Fear and Black Education Workshop—Meeting the New Henika, Virginia Department of Mines, Creek Formations of Southeastern North Carolina Teaching Standards. Staff Minerals and Energy, and Virginia Tech. North Carolina, and the Overlying of The Science House, North Carolina 2. Coastal Processes, Modern Habi- Tertiary Section. (Sponsored by SE Section State University, [email protected], tats, and Evolution of the Cape SEPM and Paleontological Society.) Kathleen (919) 515-6118. Lookout Cuspate Foreland. Steve Sny- Farrell, North Carolina Geological Survey, der, North Carolina State University, [email protected], (919) 733- EXHIBITS [email protected], (919) 515-7912; and John 2423; Lauck Ward, Virginia Museum of Exhibitor space will be available in a Wells, University of North Carolina, Natural History; and Duncan Heron, Duke ballroom adjacent to the poster sessions Chapel Hill. University. and in other meeting rooms on the main 3. A Temporal View of Terranes and 11. Inquiry-Based Field Trip to Out- floor of the hotel. For information, con- Structures in the Eastern North Car- standing Geological Sites in the Tri- tact [email protected]. olina Piedmont. Dave Blake, University angle. For all educators, especially sec- of North Carolina, Wilmington, blaked@ ondary. (Sponsored by SE Section NAGT, DETAILED INFORMATION uncwil.edu, (910) 962-3387; Tyler Clark, NCSTA, and SEGSA Education Committee.) For more information, contact the North Carolina Geological Survey; and Lynne Gronback; Rob Greenberg; Reuben general chair, Edward F. (Skip) Stoddard, Matt Heller, North Carolina Ground Water Giral, McDougle Middle School, Chapel Department of MEAS, North Carolina Section. Hill, [email protected], (919) State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8208, 4. The Tate-Marble Hill Window in 644-2681; and Mary Watson, North Car- [email protected], (919) 515-7939, the Marble Belt of Northern olina Geological Survey. see the GSA Web site at www.geosociety. Georgia. Mike Higgins, Applied Mapping org, or see the Southeastern Section’s Web Systems, Inc., [email protected], STUDENT TRAVEL GRANTS site at www.geology.ecu.edu/geology/segsa/ (770) 641-1268; Ralph Crawford, Applied The Southeastern Section is giving segsa.html. You may request a printout of Mapping Systems, Inc.; Tim La Tour, Geor- travel grants to students who are present- the announcement from GSA Meetings, gia State University; W. Grant, Applied ing papers at the meeting. All eligible P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140 or Mapping Systems, Inc.; M. Linkous, J.M. (303) 447-2020, ext. 113. ■ Huber Corp.; Tonya Edwards, Georgia State University; and John Costello. 5. Depositional and Structural Framework of Early Mesozoic Basins in North-Central North Carolina. (Sponsored by SE Section SEPM.) Tyler Clark, North Carolina Geological Survey, [email protected], (919) 733-2423; Pamela Gore, Georgia Perimeter College. Note: Trips 5 and 6 will run on consecu- A New Benefit to GSA Members tive days. 6. Structural Features Exposed in from Subaru of America Triassic Sedimentary Rocks near the Proposed Low-Level Radioactive Are you thinking of buying a new car? If you choose a Subaru, both you Waste Disposal Site, Southwestern and GSA will benefit from a new arrangement with Subaru of America. Wake County, North Carolina. (Spon- sored by Engineering Geology Division.) Rick Any GSA member who has been a Also, for every car sale recognized Wooten, North Carolina Geological Sur- member for at least three months and under this program, Subaru of Amer- vey, [email protected], (919) submits a member offer coupon to ica will make a donation of $150 to 733-2423; and Jerry Bartholomew, Univer- Subaru of America within 60 days of the GSA Foundation to further support sity of South Carolina. Note: Trips 5 and 6 purchasing an eligible vehicle will the Women in Science Fund and the will run on consecutive days. receive a free Added Security Basic Distinguished Earth Science Educator. Maintenance Plan. This offer has a 7. Stratigraphy and Tectonics of the Contact the GSA Member Service retail value of $545 and provides free Central and Western Blue Ridge, Center at [email protected] for coverage for select services of the rec- Western North Carolina and Eastern further details, or for a member offer ommended vehicle basic mainte- Tennessee. Mark Carter and Carl Mer- coupon. schat, North Carolina Geological Survey, nance. [email protected], (828) 251-6208. 8. Building Stone Walking Tour of Downtown Raleigh. (Sponsored by SE

GSA TODAY, September 2000 19 GSA FOUNDATION UPDATE

Donna Russell, Director of Annual Giving Halbouty Fund for Distinguished Lecturer Established

The Foundation is pleased to announce the establishment of gical and Petroleum Engi- the Michel T. Halbouty Distinguished Lecturer Fund. The intent neers (AIME), and the Soci- of the fund is to provide an honorarium for a Halbouty Distin- ety of Petroleum Engineers guished Lecturer at GSA annual meetings. The first lecturer will of AIME, to name a few. Hal- be honored at the Reno meeting this fall. bouty was also one of the Halbouty is an internationally renowned earth scientist and founding trustees when the engineer whose career and accomplishments in the fields of geol- GSA Foundation was estab- ogy and petroleum engineering have earned him recognition as lished in the early 1980s. He one of the world’s outstanding geoscientists. has served on GSA’s Com- Born in 1909 in Beaumont, Texas, he earned his B.S. in geol- mittee on Committees, Michel T. Halbouty ogy, an M.S. in geology and petroleum engineering, and his pro- Committee on Investments, and fessional geological engineering degree from Texas A&M Univer- the Centennial Development Committee, was honorary chair of sity. He also received a Doctor of Engineering (hc) degree from the Second Century Fund Committee, and in 1993 received GSA’s Montana College of Science and Technology, as well as a Doctor Distinguished Service Award. of Geoscience (hc) degree from the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. Halbouty was the first independent to explore and wildcat The University of Nanjing, People’s Republic of China, presented in Alaska. He discovered the West Fork Gas Field on the Kenai him with an honorary professorship in geology. Peninsula in 1959, the first discovery by an independent in Halbouty began his career as a geologist and petroleum engi- Alaska. neer with an independent oil company, and later as a consultant, He chaired President Reagan’s Energy Policy Advisor Task before becoming chairman of the Michel T. Halbouty Energy Force and was later appointed leader of the Transition Team on Company in Houston. Throughout his career, he has been Energy by the president. During the past 40 years, he has been engaged in the exploration for and production of oil and gas. appointed to many governmental, energy-related committees Widely recognized as one of the world’s foremost geologists and and commissions, and has given much of his time and expertise petroleum engineers, he is acclaimed for his scientific expertise. to ensure energy sufficiency for America and the world. Recog- He is the author of more than 300 articles on geology and nized as the perennial wildcatter, he is exceptionally active and, petroleum engineering, including several books on petroleum for despite his age, is in the Halbouty Energy Center office every day encyclopedias. Many of his papers have been translated into overseeing his wildcatting ventures. Spanish, Russian, Chinese, and German. “Michel Halbouty has had a remarkably long, effective, and Halbouty is a member of the National Academy of Engineer- illustrious career in the field of energy resources,” Foundation ing as well as many worldwide professional and technical soci- Trustee Gordon Eaton said. “He has always held deep concern for eties, including the American Association of Petroleum Geolo- all of this nation’s natural resources, and it is this abiding con- gists, where he is a past president; the Geophysical Society; GSA, cern for our country that led him to create this distinguished where he is a fellow; the American Institute of Mining, Metallur- lectureship on the subject.” ■

LETTER

GSA Today’s “Toward a Stewardship of the Global Com- recent publications, I have provided a brief description of the mons” series has been excellent, particularly A.R. Palmer’s con- nature of this problem in the southeastern Coastal Plain and tributions on the issue of sustainability. His article, “Ecological discussed the technical constraints of detecting this damage Footprints and Carrying Capacity: Measuring Our Impact” (GSA (Bacchus, 2000; Bacchus et al., 2000). However, I have not dis- Today, vol. 10, no. 6), was the best and most succinct treatment cussed the problem in terms of our “ecological footprint.” The of the problem that I have seen in print. However, that article problem is not confined to the southeastern Coastal Plain. I (like all of the others I have seen) neglected to address the eco- hope future articles on this topic will address both the surface logical impacts of our groundwater extraction that supports our and subsurface extent of our ecological footprint. lavish life style. Generally speaking, our extraction of groundwater is com- References Cited parable to our mining of fossil fuels, with some of the similar Bacchus, S.T., 2000, Uncalculated impacts of unsustainable aquifer yield including repercussions (e.g., subsidence). Unfortunately, the ecological evidence of subsurface interbasin flow: Journal of American Water Resources Asso- ramifications of groundwater mining just now are being recog- ciation, v. 36, no. 3, p. 457–481. nized but the damage hasn’t been quantified. There aren’t even Bacchus, S.T., Hamazaki, T., Britton, I.O., and Haines, B.L., 2000, Soluble sugar composition of pond cypress: A potential hydroecological indicator of groundwater any estimates of the extent of the damage. For example, it is perturbations: Journal of American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 1, simple to measure the land-surface extent of an agricultural p. 1–11. field, but determining the acreage of wetland ecosystems that Sydney T. Bacchus may have been destroyed beyond the boundary of that field Institute of Ecology due to center-pivot irrigation with groundwater is much more University of Georgia difficult. This is the subsurface extent of our impact. In Athens, GA 30602-2202

20 GSA TODAY, September 2000 Donors to the Foundation, June 2000

Birdsall Award Rip Rapp Archaeological Richard M. Forester Kenneth C. Schulte Leonard Alton Wood** Geology Award G. Sidney Fox Charles H. Shultz Bonnie A. Blackwell William S. Fyfe Eric O. Simpson G.H. Cady Memorial Fund Vivien M. Gornitz Thomas W. Stern* & Award Bruce L. “Biff” Reed Wesley F. Halverson Minze Stuiver Aureal T. Cross Scholarship Eileen A. Herrstrom◆ Subaru of America, Inc.** Katherine M. Reed* Doris M. Curtis Memorial Michael E. Hriskevich Susan E. Tanges Women in Science Fund Research Grants Roy M. Huffington** Lawrence D. Taylor Jennifer E. Slate Michael D. Carr Mary K. Johns Manuel Tello-B. Estate** J. Calvin Cooper Dennis J. Lapoint S. Francis Thoumsin Jr. GEOSTAR David Lachlan Meyer◆ Luna B. Leopold Laurence G. Trudell Norma Westman Del Giudice Richard C. Nolen-Hoeksema Linus R. Litsey Shuhjong Tsao International Division Donald B. Potter Daniel M. Litzenberg Detlef A. Warnke Award Louis P. Vlangas Chia-Yu Lu A.L. Washburn M. Dean Kleinkopf David B. MacKenzie** C. Pius Weibel◆ Rocky Mountain Section Candace S. Martinez Robert M. Weidman◆ John C. Frye Endowment Richard D. McJunkin Manfred P. Wolff Environmental Award Robert M. Weidman◆ Martha F. McRae Raymond D. Woods Estate** Paul B. DuMontelle in memory SAGE Robert W. Metsger*◆ Paul W. Zimmer of Ruth H. Frye David S. McCormick** Robert H. Moench* Jack A. Simon** in memory Zoeb Mogri *Century Plus Roster of Ruth H. Frye Shoemaker Memorial Richard L. Nielsen** (gifts of $150–$249). Fund for Crater Studies **Penrose Circle J. Hoover Mackin Award Robert M. Norris* Carleton B. Moore (gifts of $250 or more). Leslie D. McFadden Pamela Polite-Fisco ◆ Carolyn S. Shoemaker* Second Century Fund. John L. Rosenfeld Meetings Support Unrestricted Robert M. Sanford U.S. Department of Richard C. Anderson* Agriculture—Forest Service** J. Kaspar Arbenz North-Central Section Paul C. Bateman* Endowment Eric C. Beam Robert G. Corbett Robert C. Benfield Eileen A. Herrstrom◆ D.L. Blackstone C. Pius Weibel◆ David B. Bodnar* Digging Up the Past Elwood R. Brooks Northeastern Section Most memorable early geologic experience Robert Edward Busch Jr. Endowment “In 1954, listening in on a discussion of Douglas R. Callier Robert W. Metsger◆ Death Valley geology by Walter Bucher, Russell H. Campbell Marland Billings, and John Rodgers. Penrose Conferences Max F. Carman Jr. Wow!” Y.W. Isachsen Gordon A. Clopine —Richard H. Mahard Don U. Deere** Bruce and Peggy Dunkle

Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______. GSA Please credit my contribution to the: Unrestricted Fund Foundation Other: ______Fund I have named GSA Foundation in my will.

PLEASE PRINT 3300 Penrose Place P.O. Box 9140 Name ______Boulder, CO 80301-9140 (303) 447-2020 Address [email protected] City/State/ZIP ______

Phone ______

GSA TODAY, September 2000 21 Happy Birthday, NSF! service. Please take time to participate in the plenary and breakout sessions. Consider it Cathleen May, Chief Science Officer both an opportunity and a professional obli- gation. What does NSF mean to you? Think What does the National Science Founda- ics, and engineering capabilities and to pro- about where our science would be if there tion mean to you? Ask GSA’s academic mem- mote the use of those capabilities in service were no mechanisms for pursuing social bers that question and you’re likely to get to society.” The NSF was established to pro- equity in science funding. Think about the some variation of “Duh!” or perhaps “The mote these values through an equitable and discourse of geoscience as a whole—what if Source.” As one of the few sources of public objective distribution of taxpayer money in there were no mechanism to pursue the funding for basic geoscience research, the support of science and its contract with soci- seemingly esoteric? As a citizen and a scien- NSF, which celebrates its 50th anniversary ety. With these concepts mirrored in GSA’s tist, you have more reasons to appreciate the this year, supports and drives the profes- values of science, stewardship, and service, it NSF than you may realize. sional activity of many GSA members. is no wonder that we find a strong overlap of Please see the message from Herman Think about where our science would be mission, vision, and values between NSF and Zimmerman, Director of the Division of if the NSF had not been established in 1950. GSA. Earth Science at the NSF (this page). If you do Who funded geoscience research before the GSA and NSF have a successful history not currently feel pride as a constituent and late 1950s? Before the NSF, who ensured that of organizational partnership in our student citizen-supporter of NSF, you will after read- some young people with promise could research grants program. Chances are, if you ing his message. And do plan to attend the achieve advanced degrees even if they did received a GSA research grant in the last 60+ Town Hall Meeting in Reno, if only to say not come from a financially privileged back- years, you have NSF to thank for at least a “Happy birthday, NSF.” ■ ground? If not the NSF, who would help us third of the total. We look forward to devel- try to increase the participation of women oping new efforts of this sort as both NSF and minorities in the geosciences? and GSA become more forward looking in Of course, the NSF cannot be equated our roles as science-enabling institutions, with Santa Claus, and I grant you (no pun and more responsive to the priorities identi- New Day intended) that a significant proportion of our fied by the geoscience community. and Time! members’ research and professional activity Toward that end, NSF’s Division of Earth is not supported by NSF. But if you tend to Science is hosting a Town Hall Meeting at the Face to Face with the NSF: think of NSF only in terms of grants and GSA Annual Meeting in Reno. NSF needs to Town Hall Meeting only in terms of your own career, I invite you know what is important to you, and it needs to visit its Web site at www.nsf.gov. Take a to know how supporting you as a researcher look at its vision to be “a catalyst for progress or educator will help it meet its mandates. The Division of Earth Sciences of the through investment in science, mathematics, We scheduled this on Monday afternoon National Science Foundation will and engineering,” and its pledge to “provide because giving our members an opportunity host an afternoon of overviews and the stewardship necessary to sustain and to hear from and speak to the division direc- updates, breakout sessions, and open strengthen the nation’s science, mathemat- tor and NSF program directors is a priority discussions of timely issues at Summit 2000, GSA’s Annual Meeting in Reno. The NSF: Where Discovery Begins Please join us to discuss ❖ new developments and Herman Zimmerman, Director, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation opportunities with the division; ❖ new directions within the NSF; The National Science FOUNDATION is the earth science community. However, we ❖ current issues; aptly named. After 50 years of service and are now learning that major gains in our leadership, the place of the NSF within the knowledge are also achieved through com- ❖ future challenges; and nation’s scientific structure is clear—the base munity projects that go far beyond the capa- ❖ the National Research Council of the pyramid, the foundation of the scien- bilities of individuals or small groups of report on research opportunities tific enterprise. investigators. We have learned that the path The men and women of the NSF are ahead often begins at the interface of disci- in the earth sciences. dedicated public servants. In service to our plines. We must continue to learn from our Following an open forum, individual country, the NSF enables the U.S. scientific sister disciplines and apply the tools devel- directors will provide program community to maintain a position of world oped by other sciences (e.g., information overviews and facilitate more focused leadership. In service to society, the NSF pro- technology, genomics, nanoscience, system discussions in three concurrent motes the discovery and dissemination of science). breakout sessions. knowledge about Earth. In service to our The NSF’s Division of Earth Sciences community, the NSF promotes the achieve- advances the scientific understanding of Don’t miss this chance to hear what’s ment of excellence in science and education. integrated Earth systems by supporting basic new in the Earth Sciences Division, to In common cause with other professional sci- research of the highest quality, improving make your voice heard in open entific organizations, the NSF promotes the the education of citizens and future scien- forum, and to say “Thank you” for stewardship of our planet. tists, and increasing our community’s capac- 50 years of research funding and In the 50 years that NSF has supported ity to undertake the research effort. We rec- support of our profession. the nation’s basic research effort, we have ognize and celebrate the accomplishments of established methods of operation that have the past 50 years, but the next 50 will also Where: Atlantis Casino Resort proven to be spectacularly successful: evalua- see surprises and discoveries in the earth sci- (across from the Reno/Sparks tion by peer review, program administration ences. The Division of Earth Sciences, Convention Center) by scientist managers, and close interaction together with the community of earth scien- When: 1:30–3:30 p.m., between the agency and the community. Our tists, will work diligently and deliberately to Monday, November 13 individual research and infrastructure grants facilitate those discoveries. ■ form the backbone of the research effort of

22 GSA TODAY, September 2000 GSA TODAY, September 2000 23 Last Chance to Vote Attention voting members: The deadline for casting your electronic ballot for 2000 officer and councilor candidates is September 16. If you are voting by mail, your ballot must be postmarked by September 16. Postcards were mailed to voting members in August giving instructions on how to access our secure Web site and your electronic ballot. The site also posts biographical information on each candidate and the 1999 GSA Annual Report. If you did not receive these instructions, or if you need paper copies of the ballot and bio- graphical information on the candidates, please contact us at (303) 447-2020, ext. 774, 1-888-443-4472, or [email protected]. Deadline: Ballots must be submitted electronically or postmarked by September 16.

24 GSA TODAY, September 2000 GSA Annual Meeting Premeeting Dinner and Show

New Show… Same Time & Place! After enjoying a delicious buffet, sit back for “One World,” a show featuring dances from around the globe—from tap to Irish to salsa! $50 per person. Saturday, November 11, 5:00 p.m., Eldorado Hotel and Casino. See “Special Events” on the Annual Meeting preregistration form at www.geosociety.org.

Free Registration for Students! ou can work as a student assistant during the • PLUS, get paid $5.00 per hour. Y2000 GSA Annual Meeting in Reno and defer To sign up or get more information, e-mail some of the cost of attending the meeting. [email protected] with your name, address, • Work just 12 hours and get FREE registration. phone number, e-mail address, school you attend, (You’ll be reimbursed after meeting.) and the dates and times you are available to assist • Work just four additional hours (total of 16) and during the Annual Meeting. Or, call 800-472-1988, get a FREE Abstracts book. ext. 186.

GSA TODAY, September 2000 25 26 GSA TODAY, September 2000 BOOK REVIEWS

Warm Climates in Earth History. Edited by Brian T. Huber, establishing managed water resources, and introduce us to Kenneth G. MacLeod, and Scott L. Wing. Cambridge University Press, broadly conceived cost vs. benefit analyses that include social, Cambridge, 1999, 462 p., $115. economic, technical, and aesthetic and cultural inputs. There are useful quantitative models as well as a well-documented score- he underlying causes, maintenance, and dynamics of globally card methodology that generates an overall sustainability index. warm climates have long been enigmas in paleoclimatology. T In several chapters, they provide brief (too brief, perhaps) Over the past few decades, geologic data and climate model stud- case studies of water resource systems that have been (mis)man- ies have addressed these issues, and differences between the two aged. They carefully take no sides and use a wonderfully global approaches have sparked a lively and constructive debate. This range of examples. Some are familiar: the depletion of the timely new book contains a thematic set of 14 papers addressing Ogalalla aquifer, restoration of the Kissimmee River, the High many aspects of past warm climates and integrates both observa- Aswan Dam, the Aral Sea, and the Rhine River cleanup. Perhaps tional and theoretical perspectives. Both oceanic and terrestrial more interesting are the examples unfamiliar to many of us, e.g., climates are covered in detail, including discussions in several drought management in Niger and hydropower in Malaysia. chapters on the vexing problem of how warm climates are main- The book should appeal to geologists who wish to learn tained in high-latitude continental interiors, even in winter. This more about the practice of sustainability management. While example highlights one of the strengths of the book: Not only water is the focus, any resource or environmental geologist will does it present our current understanding of warm climates but it find the book useful and the methodologies transferable to their also highlights what we do not yet fully understand about them specialty. It includes a bibliography and full index. The mono- and where future work is needed. graph’s weaknesses lie in some poorly reproduced and hard-to- The book is divided into five sections. The first provides a read illustrations and a few unfamiliar, site-based discussions general overview of globally warm climates and the nature of the with no supporting maps. The volume’s greatest weakness, problems they pose. The second through fourth sections provide though, is that the text is only sparsely referenced. The student case studies of several periods of warm climates. These include who is intrigued by some aspect of a presentation will lack guid- the Paleocene and Eocene, the Mesozoic, and examples from the ance as to where to find the basic data and information required Paleozoic. The fifth section contains a single chapter by Crowley to pursue a subject further. For example, someone who wishes discussing the role of carbon dioxide in maintaining warm (and more detail about damming the Mekong River will find that this cool) climates. The organization of this volume works well. The case study contains reference only to a “Work Bank study.” In overview-oriented first and last sections frame the case studies this age of unfettered and unreviewed Internet sites, professionals well and collectively provide a synthesis and roadmap for future owe it to students in particular to provide guideposts to the best work. Although some time periods (e.g., Miocene, Pliocene) are available literature. not dealt with specifically (save for limited discussion in a few P. Geoffrey Feiss chapters) the chapters on Paleozoic warm climates are a nice College of William and Mary addition to the traditional time periods of focus (Mesozoic and Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 early Cenozoic). In all of the chapters, the illustrations are detailed and clear, and there is a centerpiece of color figures. In the discussion of warm climates, there is invariably some temptation to make comparisons with potential future global warming. To the editors’ and authors’ credit, this body of work keeps its focus on the science of past warm climates. As the edi- tors state in the preface, warm intervals dominate climates of the Phanerozoic and from that standpoint alone warrant detailed Order Your Official study. Although the price is on the high side, this volume will be an important addition to the library of anyone who has a general GSA Membership Certificate interest in paleoclimatology, and is a must-have volume for any- one conducting research in warm climates. Peter J. Fawcett Suitable for framing, University of New Mexico this is the perfect way Albuquerque, NM 87131-1116 to display that you are a proud Member or Sustainability Criteria for Water Resource Systems Fellow of the Geological Edited by Daniel P. Loucks and John S. Gladwell. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, 139 p., $85. Society of America. ustainability Criteria for Water Resource Systems is a mono- Sgraph with little geology in it. That is actually very good, since $10 per certificate in U.S. funds most of us know the rudiments of hydrogeology but almost nothing about sustainable management of water resources. This Send check or money order to GSA Member Service book provides an important service to geoscientists—an accessi- Center, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. ble overview of a systems approach to a critical subject. Include your mailing address and your name as you I would call this book a status report of the art and science of want it to appear on your certificate. Or call, fax, or water management and planning by two committees, one of e-mail your order. Most major credit cards accepted. UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cul- Delivery in 3–4 weeks. tural Organization) and one of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Some 19 committee members made contributions and (303) 447-2020, ext. 774 the two editors have done a commendable job of creating a well- 1-888-443-4472 organized, readable text. fax 303-443-1510 In 12 chapters, the editors define sustainable water resource [email protected] systems, provide important insight into useable guidelines for

GSA TODAY, September 2000 27 Geological Society of America GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Reno, Nevada • November 9–18, 2000

GSA will feature great science at Summit 2000!

Pardee Keynote Sessions (invited speakers) This year’s Pardee Keynote Symposia feature eight topics of broad interest to the geoscience community. Sessions for Wednesday, November 15, and Thursday, November 16: K2 Sedimentary Extremes: K8 Lamont and Plate Tec- K3 Causes and Conse- K5 Great Science in the Modern and Ancient tonics: History of Geology quences of Floods: Geologic, Great Basin Climatologic, Ecologic, and GSA Sedimentary Geology Divi- Division Millennium Sympo- U.S. Geological Survey, Nevada Human Dimensions sion. Marjorie A. Chan, Univer- sium: Lamont 1949–1999 Bureau of Mines and Geology. sity of Utah, Salt Lake City; Allen GSA History of Geology Division; GSA Quaternary Geology and Benita L. Murchey, W. Archer, Kansas State Univer- History of Earth Sciences Society Geomorphology Division. Jim E. U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo sity, Manhattan. Wednesday, (HESS). Gerald M. Friedman, O’Connor, U.S. Geological Sur- Park, California; Jonathan G. November 15, 8 a.m.– 12 noon. Northeastern Science Founda- vey, Portland, Oregon; Kyle Price, University of Nevada, House, University of Nevada, Reno. Thursday, November 16, Can mere humans comprehend tion, Inc., Troy, New York. Wednesday, November 15, Reno. Thursday, November 16, 1:30–5:30 p.m. the largest depositional phe- 8 a.m.–12 noon. nomena of all geologic time? 1:30–5:30 p.m. In this symposium on the cur- What are the greatest environ- This may be the last opportunity Practicing earth scientists and rent and future trends in earth mental and/or facies extremes? to bring together the surviving educators will gain expanded science in the Great Basin This innovative session will syn- founders of the global tectonics awareness about the varied province, speakers will focus on thesize and stretch beyond our theory, which has been called research focused on flood pro- the state of the science and fun- uniformitarian views to explore one of the most profound addi- cesses, including the causes, damental unanswered questions the hows and whys of sedimen- tions to geology. The pioneers hazards, and ecologic role of in three major branches of tary events that exceed the pre- will describe how they made floods, and what part they play research: geologic framework sent norms by orders of magni- their discoveries. ORAL in forming the geologic record. and ore genesis, geohydrology, tude. ORAL Speakers will describe the ques- and earth surface processes. tions that flood researchers are Subtext issues will include the Check the August GSA Today now asking, the methods being increase in interdisciplinary or www.geosociety.org for Pardee Sessions used to answer these questions, studies and the growing influ- scheduled for Monday and Tuesday, and current and emerging ideas ence of land management issues November 13 and 14. regarding floods and their and public policy on scientific effects. ORAL directions. ORAL

SEPTEMBER Bulletin and Geology Highlights

Visit Bulletin and Geology at www.geosociety.org. In September Geology This online service is free for a limited time. In September Bulletin ◆ Atlas shrugged (geodynamically) ◆ ◆ Lake sediment record of Dissolute Pleistocene climate molluscs ◆ ◆ Age of the late Paleozoic Pyroclastic skid reversed superchron marks ◆ ◆ Late Cenozoic deformation Geomorphology in the Cook Inlet basin meets anthropology ◆ Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway connection to the Labrador Sea

For subscription information, call toll-free 1-888-443-4472 or e-mail [email protected].

28 GSA TODAY, September 2000 1215 W. Dayton Street, Madison WI 53706. Applications must be received by November 1, 2000. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING The University of Wisconsin–Madison is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Women and Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or can- you meet the qualifications outlined above; (3) a state- minority candidates are encouraged to apply. Unless con- cellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office one ment about teaching that includes a discussion of relevant fidentiality is requested in writing, information regarding month prior. Contact Advertising Department (303) course work and/or experience in preparation for teaching, the applicants must be released upon request. Finalists 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, or e-mail: a list of courses you would feel comfortable teaching, and cannot be guaranteed confidentiality. [email protected]. Please include complete a statement of your teaching philosophy; (4) a statement MALCOLM & SYLVIA BOYCE PROFESSORSHIP address, phone number, and e-mail address with all of your future research plans and goals; and (5) the IN GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, INDIANA UNIVERSITY correspondence. names, addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses The Department of Geological Sciences at Indiana Univer- of at least three references familiar with your teaching and sity invites applications and nominations for the newly cre- research potential. ated Malcolm & Sylvia Boyce Professorship of Geological Positions Open Send application to: Dr. John Foster, Chair, Depart- Sciences in the field of HYDROGEOLOGY. As a named ment of Geological Sciences, California State University, professorship in Geological Sciences, the position is GEODYNAMICS, DEPARTMENT OF EARTH PO Box 6850, Fullerton, California 92834-6850. Applica- expected to be filled at the full-professor level. However, SCIENCES, BOSTON UNIVERSITY tions will be accepted until November 15, 2000. Applica- under exceptional circumstances, the position may be The Department of Earth Sciences at Boston University tions received after this date will be reviewed only if the filled at a tenured, associate-professor level. The Malcolm invites applications for a tenure track faculty position at position is not filled from the original pool of applicants. and Sylvia Boyce Professor should have research inter- the Assistant Professor level, to begin September 1, 2001. California State University, Fullerton is an Affirmative ests that complement existing programs in chemical and We seek scientists with the potential to build a vibrant Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. All personnel policies physical aspects of surface and shallow-subsurface research and teaching program that emphasizes quantita- conform to the requirements of Executive Order 11246, hydrology. We are especially interested in an established tive approaches targeting, for example, active plate the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, Title IX scholar with a research focus on water and solute trans- boundaries, continental or oceanic margins, orogenic sys- of the Higher Education Amendments of 1972 and other port (including modeling) at the basin scale, although tems, erosion-tectonic interactions, or basin evolution. The federal regulations regarding nondiscrimination. other areas of expertise will be considered. The success- applicant should utilize methods such as numerical simu- ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ful candidate will provide a link between hydrogeology and lation of tectonic phenomena, continental or marine seis- sedimentary geology as part of an initiative aimed at mic imaging, field or physical laboratory measurements, GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION SECTION HEAD Provide vision, leadership, and management for our Geo- developing an interdisciplinary program in the geology of geodesy, or other geophysical tools, and should comple- sedimentary basins. ment existing departmental strengths in crustal tectonics, science Education Section, coordinate outreach efforts, and conceive, design, and implement high-quality geo- Excellent laboratories exist in the Department for active margins and marine processes. The successful chemical and stable-isotope analyses. The current hydro- applicant will be expected to supervise graduate thesis science programs such as workshops for teachers, field trips for the public, and presentations to government offi- geology faculty has strong interactions with a complemen- work in M.A. and Ph.D. programs, maintain an externally tary program (Water Resources) at Indiana University in funded research program, and teach at all levels in the cials, decision-makers, and other constituents. This posi- tion also involves the development of new teaching mate- the School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA), Earth Sciences curriculum. Interaction is encouraged with and with the Center for Geospatial Data Analysis at the the Departments of Geography and Physics, the Centers rials that include hands-on classroom activities, demonstrations, models, posters, videos, CDs, and web- Indiana Geological Survey. Many opportunities exist for for Remote Sensing, and Energy and Environmental Stud- collaboration with other on-campus researchers in the ies, and the B.U. Marine Program. For more information sites. Requires a broad knowledge of geology, earth sci- ence, or related field with experience in teaching; training Department of Chemistry as well as the Indiana Geologi- about the department, see www.bu.edu/ES. cal Survey. A Ph.D. or equivalent degree is required. A Ph.D. at the time of appointment is required. Appli- and experience in management and supervision; demon- strated leadership, team-building, and delegation skills; Applications should include a personal statement of vision cants should send a curriculum vitae, a statement of for the future of research, a narrative of important research and teaching interests, and the names and superior written and oral communication skills. Master’s degree in geology, earth science, or related field with 12 research, teaching, and service accomplishments, a addresses of at least three referees to: Search Committee detailed curriculum vitae, and names and addresses Chair, Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, years related work experience, or Ph.D. with 8 years related work experience, including supervisory training, is (including e-mail) of five referees. 685 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215 USA; e-mail: The application deadline has been extended to Octo- [email protected]. Review of applications will begin on the minimum requirement. Starting salary range $55,000- $60,000. Closing date: 11/15/00. For more info visit ber 30, 2000, but the position will remain open until filled. November 15, 2000. Boston University is an equal oppor- Applications or nominations should be sent to: Boyce Pro- tunity/affirmative action employer. www.isgs.uiuc.edu. For application form, contact [email protected] or 217-244-2401, Human fessorship Search Committee, Department of Geological ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY, Resources, ISGS, 615 East Peabody, Champaign IL Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10th Street, Bloom- CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FULLERTON 61820. AA/EEO/ADA Employer ington, IN 47405 USA. The Department of Geological Sciences, California State This position is one of two newly endowed professor- University, Fullerton, invites applications for a tenure-track ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, ships in the Department of Geological Sciences at Indiana position that will be filled at the rank of Assistant Profes- HYDROGEOLOGIST University. Further information about these positions and sor, starting August 2001. We are looking for applicants Conduct and/or support original, applied research in the Department can be found at: www.indiana.edu/ whose primary interests are in teaching general education hydrogeology and geologic mapping; work with a team of ~geosci/. courses, and secondarily in developing a research pro- geoscientists in mapping 1:24,000-scale quadrangles; Indiana University as an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative gram that includes undergraduate and graduate students. develop hydrogeologic maps, cross-sections, reports, and Action Employer encourages the candidacies of women The successful applicant will have the following creden- other products; undertake surface and subsurface map- and minorities. ping of aquifers and the hydrogeologic properties of Qua- tials and capabilities: HASSELMANN ENDOWED CHAIR IN GEOLOGICAL Ph.D. in Geology with an interest in teaching geology ternary sediments and bedrock. Requires knowledge of glacial geology and master’s degree in geology or related ENGINEERING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI to non-majors AND in coordinating the teaching activities The Department of Geological and Petroleum Engineering of part-time faculty and graduate students. field with 4 years related work experience in hydrogeology and geologic mapping. Salary range: $37,000-$43,000. at the University of Missouri—Rolla seeks applications for Research in an area of geology that supports senior the Fred Hasselmann Chair in Geological Engineering. and graduate theses. Closing date: 10/13/00. For more info visit www.isgs.uiuc. edu. For application form, contact [email protected] This Chair has been established through a gift from an We are looking for a versatile person who will commit endowment fund for the purpose of ensuring faculty excel- himself or herself to the success of our General Education or 217-244-2401, Human Resources, ISGS, 615 East Peabody, Champaign IL 61820. AA/EEO/ADA Employer. lence in Geological Engineering. Candidates thus should program and who will add to our research programs. The have a well established reputation of academic and/or new faculty member will oversee the department’s general ASSISTANT MUSEUM DIRECTOR (OUTREACH industrial experience and possess the communication and education course offerings and will supervise the graduate SPECIALIST) UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN–MADISON management skills necessary to provide leadership within teaching assistants and part-time faculty. Teaching The Department of Geology and Geophysics is inviting the department. Rank will depend upon qualifications and responsibilities may include physical geology, historical applications to fill the newly established position of Assis- previous experience in an area considered critical to the geology, and topics in geology such as geological hazards tant Museum Director (Outreach Specialist). This is a full- mission of the program. A Ph.D. in Geological Engineering or environmental geology and upper division or graduate time fixed-renewable position with guaranteed funding for or a related field is required and registration as a profes- courses in the new faculty member’s area of expertise. three years. Continuation of the position is dependent on sional engineer or the qualifications to become registered Research activities must result in publications in refereed the receipt of additional funding. We anticipate that the is strongly desired. The successful candidate should pos- journals. position will begin in January of 2001. M.S. in a natural sess a strong commitment to undergraduate and graduate CSU Fullerton is a large urban university dedicated to science or science education is required; Ph.D. in a natu- level teaching and should have a demonstrated research the preeminence of learning. Located 22 miles southeast ral science is preferred. record including the successful pursuit of external funding of metropolitan Los Angeles, Fullerton is a full-service city Other required qualifications include two to three years and publication. Preferred areas of expertise include renowned for its unique mix of residential, commercial and in science-based education. Basic computer skills (word ground water hydrology and contaminant transport, industrial, educational, and cultural environments that pro- processing, spreadsheets) are essential. Experience with applied geomorphology, engineering geology and vide residents with an outstanding quality of life. The grant writing is desirable. Applicants must be enthusiastic geotechnics, and geographic information systems. Department has nine full-time faculty with expertise in tra- about the earth sciences, and about communicating their The department is a part of the school of Mines and ditional and applied areas of geology. The nearby geologi- knowledge to a broad spectrum of audiences, mainly K-12 Metallurgy and currently has seven faculty members, cal provinces provide abundant opportunities for field- students and their teachers. approximately 100 undergraduates and 15 graduate stu- based research, which the department emphasizes in its Additional information about the Department, the dents. The 10 year old McNutt Hall of Mineral Engineering curriculum. We have about 50 undergraduate majors and Museum, and the position may be found at houses the department along with four other mineral and have implemented a new masters degree program this www.geology.wisc.edu. materials engineering programs and a geology and geo- year. Other information is available through our web page Interested applicants should submit a cover letter, physics program. All departments grant degrees through at http://geology.fullerton.edu/geology/. resume and the names/addresses of three references to the Ph.D. and all undergraduate engineering programs To apply, please send the following: (1) a detailed cur- Dr. Toni Simo, Department of Geology & Geophysics, riculum vita; (2) a letter of application that explains how Classifieds continued on p. 30

GSA TODAY, September 2000 29 Classifieds continued from p. 29 research, publication, successful grant funding record. sideration, and should be submitted to: Chair, Search Send resume, statement of teaching and research inter- Committee, Department of Geology, University of Mary- are ABET accredited. The University of Missouri—Rolla ests, three current letters of reference, unofficial tran- land, College Park, MD 20742, USA (electronic submis- also grants degrees in seven traditional engineering pro- scripts and completed app. form (supplied by Dept.) to: sions to: [email protected]). Persons interested in grams in the School of Engineering as well as science and Dr. John A. Klasik, Chair, Geological Sci. Dept., Cal Poly being considered for this position should provide a state- mathematics and liberal arts degrees through the College Pomona, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768 ment describing research and teaching interests, indicat- of Arts and Sciences. (e-mail: [email protected]). Position open until ing how s/he envisions contributing to the Department’s Interested candidates should submit a resume, a state- filled. Initial review of apps, Jan. 2, 2001. Official tran- research and teaching activities, and a current curriculum ment of teaching and research accomplishments and scripts required of all finalists. EO/AA employer. vitae. Applicants should arrange to have a minimum of four letters of recommendation sent directly to the Chair of goals, transcripts of all college work, and the names and FACULTY POSITION IN BIOGEOSCIENCE addresses of three individuals from whom letters of refer- the Search Committee before September 29, 2000. The DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF Search Committee encourages applicants to submit ence may be solicited. The deadline for receipt of applica- MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK tion materials is November 3, 2000, although the selection copies of up to two recent publications in support of their The Department of Geology at UM is searching for a candidacy. process will begin immediately upon receipt of applica- tenure-track faculty member who has made fundamental tions. Please visit our website at www.umr.edu/~gee/. contributions in BioGeoScience. We seek an outstanding CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY Applications materials should be directed to Human scientist with research interests in the interdisciplinary field MINERALOGY/PETROLOGY Resources Services, Reference Number: R51861, Univer- of geomicrobiology/mineralogy, or a closely related field. Assistant Professor Tenure-Track Position sity of Missouri—Rolla, 1202 North Bishop, 1870 Miner Research strengths in the Department of Geology are The Department of Geology invites applications for an Circle, Rolla, MO 65409-1050. The University of Missouri- in the broad areas of mineralogy, petrology and geochem- entry-level tenure-track position beginning in August, Rolla as an equal opportunity and affirmative action insti- istry, in particular of crustal evolution and granites and 2001. We seek a person with the following qualifications: tution, welcomes applications from qualified women, associated mineralization; structural geology and tecton- (1) Ph.D. in geology with a specialty in mineralogy or minorities, and persons with disabilities. ics; hydrological processes and integration of geomorphol- petrology, (2) demonstrated excellence in teaching is pre- GEOMORPHOLOGY / NEOTECTONICS / ogy, hydrology and ecology to understand surface envi- ferred, (3) commitment to field-based studies, (4) demon- ENGINEERING GEOLOGY / MINERALOGY ronments; and, isotope geochemistry in support of these strated commitment to high-quality undergraduate CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, areas, and in mantle geochemistry, meteoritics, geo- research, (5) excellent communication skills. The success- POMONA chronology, carbonate diagenesis, sediment cycling, ful applicant will be required to (1) teach mineralogy, intro- The Geological Sciences Department seeks to fill a stratigraphy and paleoclimate studies. The Department of ductory geology, and courses in his or her specialty, (2) tenure-track faculty position at the Assist. Prof. level, to Geology encourages interdisciplinary approaches to the develop a successful research program, and (3) develop begin Sep. 2001. An earned Ph.D. in Geology with exper- study of the Earth and participates in the Earth System and submit external grant proposals. tise in one or more of the following disciplines: Geomor- Science Interdisciplinary Center, which is a new Center The Department of Geology currently has eight full- phology/Neotectonics/Eng. Geology/Mineralogy is formed by the University of Maryland and NASA/Goddard time faculty and 40 to 60 undergraduate majors. Teaching required by the time of appointment. Responsibilities will Space Flight Center to advance fundamental knowledge loads will range from 9 to 12 contact hours per 15-week vary depending on specialty but broadly include teaching about the earth system through preeminent research and semester. The department has a strong record of incorpo- and developing undergrad. core courses, e.g., Applied teaching programs. rating research into the undergraduate curriculum. For Geomorph/Engineering Geology/Applied Geophysics/ The Department expects to fill this position by Summer more information, visit our departmental web site at Optical Min./GIS apps. in Geology, Env. Policy and Regs. 2001. Salary will be commensurate with experience. The www.cst.cmich.edu/units/gel/. and Gen. Ed. or Sci. Ed. or support courses; directing appointee is expected to develop and maintain an active, Central Michigan University enrolls approximately undergraduates in field-oriented research concentrating externally-funded research program, to direct graduate 18,000 students (87% undergraduate), and is located in on geologic problems in southern. Calif.; co-coordinating students, and to participate fully in teaching at the gradu- the heart of the Michigan Basin. The department has mod- and integrating GIS into an undergrad. curriculum; student ate and undergraduate levels, including courses in the ern and well-equipped facilities which include: automated advising; committee assignments. Preference will be introductory non-major program. ARL-SEMQ electron microprobe, Phillips XRD, VG-PQ2 given to applicants with documented effective undergradu- The University of Maryland is an affirmative action/ ICP-MS, fluid inclusion lab, rock and mineral sample ate teaching, breadth of teaching abilities and an active equal employment opportunity employer. Applications preparation facilities, a networked IBM and Mac computer should be submitted by September 29, 2000, for best con- lab, geophysical instruments, in-house GIS, access to

30 GSA TODAY, September 2000 other modern GIS and GPS systems, and two departmen- Yates, Chair, Department of Environmental Sciences, Uni- BOOKS: Geology, Paleontology, History of Geology. Used, tal vans. In addition, the department has access to other versity of California, Riverside, CA 92521. The closing out-of-print, and rare. Free Catalog. Patricia L. Daniel, BS, computing and analytical facilities on campus and at date for applications is December 11, 2000. MS, Geology. 618 W. Maple, Independence, KS 67301; nearby universities. More information regarding the Department of Environ- ph: (316) 331-0725, fax: (316) 331-0785. Email: Interested persons should send: (1) a resume, (2) mental Sciences can be found at: http://envisci.ucr.edu. [email protected], website: http://users.hit.net/ statements of teaching philosophy, research interests, and The University of California is an equal opportunity/affir- ~pldaniel. vision for undergraduate education, (3) unofficial tran- mative action employer. scripts, and (4) three letters of reference to: Opportunities for Students Mineralogist/Petrologist Search Committee, Department of ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF Geology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA 48859. University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Ph.D. Student Fellowships in Contaminant Hydrogeol- All applications and materials must be received by Geography, invites applications for a tenure-track position ogy/Colorado School of Mines. Colorado School of October 6, 2000. at the Assistant Professor level in Terrestrial Biophysical Mines (CSM) has been awarded a grant from the Depart- CMU, an AA/EO institution, is strongly and actively Processes. A Ph.D. is required by the date of appoint- ment of Education’s GAANN program that provides gradu- committed to increasing diversity and providing equal ment. The successful applicant will have research and ate fellowships. We seek applicants who wish to pursue opportunity within its community. CMU does not discrimi- teaching interests in the interaction between biological PhD degrees in the general area of computational subsur- nate in employment against person based on age, color, and physical processes at local to regional spatial scales, face contaminant transport processes starting Spring disability, gender, familial status, height, marital status, and in quantitative spatial modeling. Relevant areas 2001 or Fall 2001. Specific research topics are highly flex- national origin, political persuasion, race, religion, sexual include atmosphere-biosphere interactions, regional vege- ible. Fellows are encouraged to combine mathematical orientation, veteran status, or weight (see www.cmich. tation dynamics, and biogeochemical cycles. The Depart- modeling with laboratory or field research. Fellowships are edu/aaeo.html). ment has strengths in three systematic areas: (1) model- available through the following programs: Geological Engi- ing, measurement, and computation; (2) human- neering, Geology, Civil Engineering, Environmental Sci- ASSISTANT PROFESSOR environment relations; and (3) earth system science. This ence and Engineering, and Geochemistry. Fellows will be SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY position is most strongly associated with earth system sci- affiliated with the International Ground Water Modeling The Department of Geological Sciences at Southern ence, but interests in one or both of the other systematic Center (http://www.mines.edu/igwmc/). Fellowships Methodist University invites applications for a tenure-track areas are also expected. The Department has a strong include payment of tuition and fees and a stipend of faculty position in the broad areas of surficial processes or commitment to multidisciplinary research and teaching $15,000 per year. CSM is located in Golden, Colorado in geodynamics. We seek creative applicants with an excel- and provides opportunities for interactions with many the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. For more informa- lent understanding of fundamental physical principles and other departments and research units on the campus. The tion, contact Dr. John McCray [303-384-2181, processes, and a demonstrated ability to apply that under- application deadline is November 15, 2000, and the start- [email protected], www.mines.edu/~jmccray/]. Appli- standing in a quantitative manner to important problems in ing date is July 1, 2001. Qualified applicants should mail a cants who have completed a Master’s degree, and mem- the Earth sciences. The department seeks an individual complete curriculum vitae, a statement of research and bers of groups that are underrepresented in computational who will complement existing strengths in one or more of teaching interests, and the names of at least three refer- earth sciences and engineering, are especially encour- the following areas: geochemistry, petrology/tectonics, ees to: Frank Davis, Search Committee Chair, Depart- aged to apply. Applicants must be U. S. citizens. geophysics, planetary dynamics, terrestrial paleoecology. ment of Geography, University of California, Santa Bar- We anticipate making the appointment at the assistant bara, CA 93106-4060; phone (805) 893-3438; FAX (805) Ph.D. Opportunity/Sea-Level Research/University of professor level with the appointment to begin no later than 893-3146; email [email protected]. To learn more about Illinois at Chicago. The NSF-funded project “Rates of Fall, 2001. Applicants are required to have a PhD by the the department, visit our website at www.geog.ucsb.edu. Holocene relative sea-level rise and differential crustal beginning of the Fall 2001 semester. The successful can- University of California is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative movements in the Mississippi Delta” provides a 3-year didate will be expected to teach at the undergraduate and Action Employer. research assistantship for a Ph.D. candidate, to begin in graduate levels, supervise graduate research, and estab- January 2001. This project is part of the multidisciplinary lish an externally funded research program in his or her UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN–PARKSIDE Environmental Dynamics research program at UIC. The field of expertise. The committee will begin its review of Assistant Professor Tenure-Track Position study is field-based, and aims at obtaining a large data set the applications on or about November 1, 2000. To ensure The Geology Department at the University of Wisconsin— of high-resolution sea-level data from different parts of the full consideration, the application should be postmarked Parkside has a tenure track opening for an Assistant Pro- Mississippi Delta, and to assess Holocene sea-level his- by November 1, 2000. Candidates should submit their cur- fessor of Sedimentology for Fall, 2001. Candidates must tory in the context of differential subsidence rates and iso- riculum vitae, names and addresses of three references, have a Ph.D. in geology, with an interest in environmental static responses, climate change, and coastal wetland and a written statement of teaching and research interests applications of geosciences. We are seeking an individual dynamics. An M.S. or equivalent degree in the geo- to: Dr. Lee McAlester, Chair, Department of Geological with a high level of enthusiasm for teaching undergradu- sciences is required, preferably with one or more relevant Sciences, P.O. Box 0395, Southern Methodist University, ates and for involving undergraduate students in his/her specialties (e.g., Quaternary geology, sedimentology, Dallas, Texas 75275-0395. E-mail: [email protected] research. For a complete position announcement, visit the paleoecology). Send an application letter outlining and website: www.geology.smu.edu. SMU is an Affirma- University of Wisconsin—Parkside at http://www.uwp.edu/ research interests, along with a curriculum vitae, tran- tive Action/Equal Opportunity/Title IX Employer. admin/academic.affairs/geologyap.html or contact Dr. scripts (copies are acceptable), and the names and Christine V. Evans, Chair, Geology Department, Univer- addresses of three referees by October 15, 2000, to Dr. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA sity of Wisconsin—Parkside, Box 2000, 900 Wood Road, Torbjörn E. Törnqvist, Department of Earth and Environ- RIVERSIDE Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, [email protected]. Faculty of mental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 Assistant Professor of Soil-Landscape Relations UW–Parkside Geology will also conduct on-site interviews West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7059, USA. More DATE AVAILABLE: July 1, 2001. RESPONSIBILITIES: at GSA meetings in Reno, NV. information can be obtained from our website Applications are invited for a tenure track faculty position PALEOCLIMATOLOGY/PALEOECOLOGY/ (www.uic.edu/depts/geos.html) or directly by e-mail directed at studying soil resources at landscape to ([email protected]). regional scales. The successful candidate is expected to BIOGEOCHEMISTRY develop an independent research program in which the COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY The Department of Geology at the College of William and New Graduate Student Opportunities in Coastal and spatial distributions of soil properties are quantitatively Marine Studies at LSU. A new coastal research project is analyzed to address issues related to the use and conser- Mary invites applications for a tenure-track assistant or associate professor beginning August 2001. The success- starting near New Orleans, Louisiana, funded jointly by vation of land, water, air, and biological resources. The EPA, NSF and the USDA as part of the national Water appointee will emphasize a broad scale approach within a ful candidate will teach undergraduate courses in introduc- tory geology, paleontology, and one or more courses in and Watersheds competition. Mississippi River water is strong, dynamic, and growing soil and water science pro- being diverted into coastal marshes at Caernarvon, LA, in gram. S/he will also have the opportunity to bring a soils the area of specialization, supervise undergraduate research, and maintain an active research program. large-scale (pulsed) flood events to promote coastal perspective into collaborations with other scientists restoration. Graduate stipends are available within the addressing landscape and regional issues such as plant Expertise in GIS and/or applied geophysics is desirable. Ph.D. required. Applicants should submit a statement of PULSES project for studies in four areas: (1) Hydrology and wildlife habitats, agricultural sustainability, urban and and Coastal Sedimentation (Jaye Cable, [email protected]), rural interfaces, mediation of non-point source pollution, their teaching and research experience and goals, a vitae, undergraduate and graduate transcripts, and contact infor- (2) Hydrological and Water Quality Modeling (Dubravko and water and watershed management. Justic, [email protected]), (3) Landscape Modeling The appointee will be expected to teach a 1-quarter mation for three references to Heather Macdonald, Department of Geology, College of William and Mary, (Enrique Reyes, [email protected]), and (4) Stable Isotope undergraduate course in soil resources beginning the first Biogeochemistry (Brian Fry, [email protected]). PULSES is a year and additional undergraduate and graduate course(s) Williamsburg, VA 23187. E-mail [email protected]. Review begins November 1, 2000 and will continue until 3-year, multi-investigator, multi-disciplinary project that related to his/her area of specialization in subsequent includes socioeconomic as well as physical and biological years. The appointee will direct graduate students in the an appointment is made. The College is an EEO/AA uni- versity. components, and as such, provides an excellent broad Soil & Water Sciences and Environmental Sciences grad- framework for detailed graduate research studies. More uate programs. information about the PULSES project and the above fac- QUALIFICATIONS: Candidates must have a Ph.D. Services & Supplies ulty is available at: http://its2.ocs.lsu.edu/ with strong training in soil science, particularly soil-land- guests/ceiweb, & http://lsu.edu/guests/wwwcei/pulses. scape relations, soil morphology, and soil conservation/ OLD STOCK & BOND CERTIFICATES WANTED! Interested students should complete a pre-application on land use. S/he should have interest in, and experience Buy & sell all topics, especially Mining. Contact Norrico, the LSU Department of Oceanography website with, methodologies applicable to landscape and regional Box 660077, Flushing, NY 11366, 718-380-4009, (http://www.oceanography.lsu.edu/) using MS Internet scale studies, such as the use of soil survey databases, [email protected]. Explorer). Students can qualify for graduate assistantships GIS, remote sensing, and geostatistical analysis. Candi- up to $16,000/yr, with competitive GRE scores (>1200). dates must possess a strong commitment to teaching RECENT, RARE, AND OUT-OF-PRINT BOOKS. Find our Minimum acceptance requirements for the LSU Depart- excellence at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. on-line catalog at http://home.earthlink.net/~msbooks for ment of Oceanography include an 1100 GRE score. Prior teaching experience is highly desirable. books on Geology, Mining History, USGS, and Western Inquiries and applications should be directed to the above- APPLICATION PROCEDURES: Candidates for this Americana; e-mail: [email protected]. For free listed individual faculty or to Ms. Jeanne Johnson at 225- position are requested to submit a curriculum vitae, a printed catalogs send your request and area(s) of interest 388-6308. LSU is an equal-opportunity employer. ■ statement of teaching/research interests, transcripts, the to MS Book and Mineral Company, P.O. Box 6774, Lake names and addresses of at least three references, and Charles, LA 70606-6774. any other supporting documentation to Dr. Marylynn

GSA TODAY, September 2000 31 GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition

You can beat the odds in Reno, with • great science For housing details, technical program • great hotel rates listing, and information on Reno and • great times Lake Tahoe area attractions, visit www.geosociety.org.

(303) 447-2020 • (800) 472-1988 Brought to you through the generosity of Subaru of America, Inc. e-mail [email protected] Reno, Nevada November 9–18, 2000

If not, then you need to exhibit at the Geological Society of America’s Annual Meeting and Exposition at the Reno/Sparks Convention Center in Reno, Nevada, November 12–15, 2000.

The GSA Annual Meeting is the meeting of choice of geoscience professionals whose interests are the Earth, education, science, research, and the environment. Take advantage of this high-traffic exposure to develop new customers, increase sales, and educate current customers about your organization's benefits. The Exhibitor Prospectus is available online at: www.geosociety.org/meetings/2000. For more information, contact GSA Exhibit Sales Coordinator Brenda Martinez at (303) 447-2020, ext. 138, or [email protected].