DOCSLIB.ORG

Bridging the Equity and Entrepreneurial Gaps in the Finnish Fashion Industry: a Comparative Case Study of the Swedish, Danish & Finnish Fashion Ecosystems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bridging the Equity and Entrepreneurial Gaps in the Finnish Fashion Industry: a Comparative Case Study of the Swedish, Danish & Finnish Fashion Ecosystems Bridging the Equity and Entrepreneurial Gaps in the Finnish Fashion Industry: A Comparative Case Study of the Swedish, Danish & Finnish Fashion Ecosystems International Design Business Management (IDBM) Master's thesis Noora Salonoja 2013 Department of Management and International Business Aalto University School of Business Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Bridging the Equity and Entrepreneurial Gaps in the Finnish Fashion Industry A Comparative Case Study of the Swedish, Danish & Finnish Fashion Ecosystems Master´s Thesis Noora Salonoja May 2013 International Design Business Management Approved by the head of the Department of Management and International Business __.__.20__ and awarded the grade ___________________ AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ABSTRACT International Design Business Management May 2013 Master’s Thesis Noora Salonoja Bridging the Equity and Entrepreneurial Gaps in the Finnish Fashion Industry - A comparative case study of the Swedish, Danish & Finnish Fashion Ecosystems Objectives: The Finnish fashion industry and especially the small and micro sized companies are facing challenges. It seems that there is strong design know-how, rising talents and a seemingly increasing interest for Finnish fashion, yet these companies fail to reach sufficient growth and expand into international markets. A hindrance for this development is the existence of equity and entrepreneurial gaps, which refer to the lack of business know-how and appropriate financing. However, in Sweden and Denmark these gaps have been successfully bridged in more occasions than one. This study is built on the assumption that the fashion industry ecosystem in these nations provides a better environment for emerging fashion companies to develop. The purpose of this study is to explore the current state of the Finnish fashion ecosystem and examine reasons for its underdevelopment from a financer’s approach. The Swedish and Danish fashion ecosystems are studied to explore the determinants of success that enable small fashion companies to prosper and succeed under very similar macro-economic conditions. Methodology: Qualitative case study research was selected as the research method. The empirical part explores three fashion ecosystems: the ecosystem cases of Sweden and Denmark provide a setting and background into the topic, whilst the case study on the Finnish fashion ecosystem is more analytical and from an investor viewpoint. The cases were examined by using the constructed fashion entrepreneurship ecosystem model. Primary data was collected by interviewing private and public investors, business consultants and professionals in Finland, Sweden and Denmark. Secondary data to support the empirical findings was collected from a number of different sources, including government reports and studies, previous research, private analyses, newspapers and websites. Results: The finance, culture, human capital and market domains were identified to have had a relatively higher impact on the development of the fashion ecosystem in Sweden– implying on a relevance of the private sector. In Denmark, the government’s strategic support and public policies have had a significant role in developing the nation’s fashion ecosystem. In Finland, the ecosystem is underdeveloped because there seems to be a lack of business skills and collaboration among the fashion companies and entrepreneurs. This reflects on the finance domain as investors do not perceive the industry as a viable business case, and thus individual companies face challenges in acquiring external capital and smart money into their companies. Furthermore, there is a very limited amount of understanding and prior knowledge about the industry dynamics among potential investors and a lack of public and policy level support. Key words: ecosystems, fashion firms, equity gap, entrepreneurial gap, small business financing AALTO-YLIOPISTON KAUPPAKORKEAKOULU TIIVISTELMÄ International Design Business Management Toukokuu 2013 Pro gradu –tutkielma Noora Salonoja Rahoitus- ja liiketoimintaosaamisen haasteet Suomen muotialalla - Vertaileva tutkimus Ruotsin, Tanskan ja Suomen muotialan ekosysteemeihin Tutkimuksen tavoitteet: Suomen muotiala ja erityisesti siellä toimivat pienet ja mikro -tason yritykset kohtaavat haasteita liiketoiminnan kehittämisessä. Vaikka alalla on vahvaa muotoiluosaamista, nousevia lupauksia ja kansainvälistä kiinnostusta, pienet kotimaiset muotialan yritykset eivät saavuta riittävää kasvua tai kansainvälisiä markkinoita. Nämä vaikeudet pohjautuvat puutteisiin yritysten rahoituksessa ja liiketoimintaosaamisessa. Ruotsissa ja Tanskassa vastaavat haasteet on kuitenkin onnistuttu selättämään useaan otteeseen. Tutkimuksen lähtökohtainen olettamus on, että näiden maiden paikalliset ekosysteemit tarjoavat paremmat kasvuedellytykset pienille ja kehittyville muotialan yrityksille. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää Suomen muotialan ekosysteemin nykytilaa ja syitä sen alikehittymiselle rahoittajan näkökulmasta. Tarkastelemalla Ruotsin ja Tanskan ekosysteemejä tutkimus pyrkii tarkastelemaan niitä tekijöitä ja käytäntöjä, jotka edesauttavat muotialan yrityksiä kehittymään Suomen makrotalouden kaltaisissa olosuhteissa. Tutkimusmenetelmät: Tutkimusmenetelmäksi valittiin laadullinen tapaustutkimus. Empiirinen tutkimusosio tarkastelee kolmea muotialan ekosysteemiä. Ruotsin ja Tanskan mallit toimivat tausta- aineistona aiheeseen, kun taas Suomen ekosysteemiä tarkastellaan analyyttisemmin ja ulkopuolisen rahoittajan näkökulmasta. Ekosysteemien tarkastelussa hyödynnettiin tutkimusta varten kehitettyä muotialan yrittäjyyden ekosysteemimallia. Ensisijaista tutkimusaineistoa varten haastateltiin yksityisiä ja julkisia rahoittajia, yrityskonsultteja ja alan ammattilaisia Suomessa, Ruotsissa ja Tanskassa. Lisäksi tukevaa aineistoa kerättiin useista lähteistä, mm. valtion raportit ja selvitykset, aiempi tutkimusaineisto, toimialan analyysit ja kartoitukset, lehtiartikkelit, nettisivustot. Tulokset ja yhteenveto: Tutkimuksen tuloksien mukaan Ruotsissa rahoitukseen, henkilöstöön ja markkinoihin vaikuttavat tekijät ovat olleet olennaisessa osassa paikallisen muotialan ekosysteemin kehityksessä – näin ollen yksityisen sektorin rooli on ollut merkittävä. Tanskassa valtion tuki ja muotialaa strategisesti tukevat julkiset hankkeet ovat keskeisesti edesauttaneet ekosysteemin kehitykseen. Suomessa muotialan alikehitys johtuu pitkälti yrittäjien liiketoimintaosaamisen puutteesta ja alan pirstaloituneisuudesta. Tämä heijastuu ulkopuolisen rahoituksen saatavuuteen, sillä rahoittajat eivät usko alan potentiaaliin. Näin ollen yksittäisen yrityksen on haastavaa saada ulkoista rahoitusta ja etenkin ”fiksua rahaa” liiketoiminnan kehittämiseen. Potentiaalisilla rahoittajilla on hyvin rajallinen tietämys muodista toimialana ja lisäksi valtion konkreettiset tukitoimet ovat vähäisiä. Avainsanat: ekosysteemit, muotialan yritykset, rahoitusaukko, liiketoimintaosaamisenaukko, pienyritysten rahoitus TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ 1 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research gap .................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Research questions ......................................................................................... 2 1.4 Contribution to existing literature .................................................................. 4 1.5 Definitions ...................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Structure of the study ..................................................................................... 5 2 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Research methods ........................................................................................... 6 2.2 Research construct.......................................................................................... 8 2.3 Validity, generalizability and reliability of the research .............................. 10 2.4 Limitations of the study................................................................................ 11 3 CONTEXTUAL REVIEW ................................................................................. 12 3.1 Business ecosystems .................................................................................... 12 3.2 Characteristics of the fashion industry ......................................................... 15 3.3 Small business financing .............................................................................. 23 3.4 Equity and Entrepreneurial Gaps ................................................................. 28 4 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ................................................................................. 34 5 THE SWEDISH FASHION ECOSYSTEM ...................................................... 35 5.1 Introduction to the Swedish Fashion Industry.............................................. 35 5.2 Development of the Fashion Industry in Sweden ........................................ 35 5.3 The Swedish Fashion Wonder ..................................................................... 36 5.4 The Swedish Fashion Ecosystem - Determining
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The HOW, WHERE and WHY for Applying to the University of Lapland
    2007 – 2009 The HOW, WHERE and STUDY IN WHY for Applying to the University LAPLAND of Lapland. 1 STUDY IN LAPLAND 2007 – 2009 2 2007 – 2009 STUDY IN LAPLAND 3 STUDY IN LAPLAND 2007 – 2009 Editor: Pia Seppälä International Office The University of Lapland Photos: University of Lapland; City of Rovaniemi; Jouni Laaksomies, Jussi Leinonen, Arto Liiti, Mauri Pänttäjä and Juha Sarkkinen, Design and Layout: Teemu Matinlauri The University of Lapland reserves the right to change the regulations, programmes and course requirements presented in this publication without prior notice. ISSN 1797-0245 Tornio Kirjapaino Oy, Tornio 2007 4 Contents 1 University of Lapland 8 6 Student Union 47 1.1 General information 8 6.1 General information 47 1.2 Academic year 9 6.2 Student Union membership 47 1.3 International Services 6.3 Student Union activities 49 at the University of Lapland 11 6.4 Clubs and other student associations 51 1.4 Faculties 13 6.5 Student health issues and personal safety 51 1.5 Institutes 19 1.6 University administration 25 7 Finland, Lapland and the Finns 55 1.7 University premises 27 7.1 Finland 55 7.2 Lapland 58 2 Studying at the University of Lapland 28 7.3 The Finns 59 2.1 Universities in Finland 29 7.4 Tips on living in Finland 61 2.2 University degrees 29 2.3 System of study 29 8 Rovaniemi 62 2.4 OODI Student Information System 31 2.5 Studying at other universities – JOO studies 32 8.1 Rovaniemi AD 900 – 2007 63 2.6 Finnish Virtual University 32 8.2 Cultural life and attractions 63 8.3 Social life in Rovaniemi 66 8.4 Daily life
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Diplomacy in the Nordic Countries “Strategies for Regional Development, Cooperation, Good Neighbor Relations” Copenhagen; September 8Th - 9Th, 2014
    www.Cultural-Diplomacy-in-the-Nordics.org Cool North - Cultural Diplomacy in the Nordic Countries “Strategies for Regional Development, Cooperation, Good Neighbor Relations” Copenhagen; September 8th - 9th, 2014 Baltic Development Forum icd institute for cultural diplomacy www.Cultural-Diplomacy-in-the-Nordics.org www.Cultural-Diplomacy-in-the-Nordics.org Speakers & Delegates at Christiansborg Palace, The Parliament of Denmark Cool North - Cultural Diplomacy in the Nordic Countries www.Cultural-Diplomacy-in-the-Nordics.org 16:30 Plenary Session 3: Branding and Cultural Diplomacy, conflicting or Cool North - Cultural Diplomacy in the Nordic Countries complementary? This session will explore the relationship between the concepts of nation branding and cultural diplomacy. It will discuss the different strategies used to influence or change the way in which a Conference Agenda country or region is presented, and thus perceived, abroad. • Bernd Henningsen, Prof., Humboldt University Conference Moderator: Verner Kristiansen • Marcus Andersson, Tendensor Partner Conference venue: Fællessalen, Christiansborg Palace, the Parliament of Denmark • Ole Egberg Mikkelsen, Ambassador, Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Geir Helgesen, Director, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Program 18.00 Evening reception at the restaurant Snapstinget, the Parliament of Denmark September 9th September 8th 12:00 Registration 9:00 Plenary Session 4: The Power of Culture in Regional Cooperation, Nordic-Baltic-Russian Cooperation 12.30 Welcoming addresses This session will explore the significant impact of culture on the strengthening of multilateral rela- tions. It will discuss cultural relations between different regions of the world today, with a special • Halldór Ásgrímsson, Former Prime Minister of Iceland & SG of Nordic Council of Ministers focus on the distinctive Nordic-Baltic-Russian relations and cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • NORDIC COOL 2013 Feb. 19–Mar. 17
    NORDIC COOL 2013 DENMARK FINLAND Feb. 19–MAR. 17 ICELAND NorwAY SWEDEN THE KENNEDY CENTER GREENLAND THE FAroE ISLANDS WASHINGTON, D.C. THE ÅLAND ISLANDS Nordic Cool 2013 is presented in cooperation with the Nordic Council of Ministers and Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Presenting Underwriter HRH Foundation Festival Co-Chairs The Honorable Bonnie McElveen-Hunter, Marilyn Carlson Nelson, and Barbro Osher Major support is provided by the Honorable Bonnie McElveen-Hunter, Mrs. Marilyn Carlson Nelson and Dr. Glen Nelson, the Barbro Osher Pro Suecia Foundation, David M. Rubenstein, and the State Plaza Hotel. International Programming at the Kennedy Center is made possible through the generosity of the Kennedy Center International Committee on the Arts. NORDIC COOL 2013 Perhaps more so than any other international the Faroe Islands… whether attending a performance festival we’ve created, Nordic Cool 2013 manifests at Sweden’s Royal Dramatic Theatre (where Ingmar the intersection of life and nature, art and culture. Bergman once presided), marveling at the exhibitions in Appreciation of and respect for the natural environment the Nobel Prize Museum, or touring the National Design are reflected throughout the Nordic countries—and Museum in Helsinki (and being excited and surprised at they’re deeply rooted in the arts there, too. seeing objects from my personal collection on exhibit there)… I began to form ideas and a picture of the The impact of the region’s long, dark, and cold winters remarkable cultural wealth these countries all possess. (sometimes brightened by the amazing light of the , photo by Sören Vilks Sören , photo by aurora borealis).
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Fashion: from Trend to Paradigm?
    Sustainable Fashion: from Trend to Paradigm? CAROLINA OBREGÓN Master of Arts in Design at The Department of Fashion and Clothing Design Aalto University School of Arts, Design & Architecture Helsinki, Finland September 2012 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis is the result of a long process of learning and writing for which I am grateful to several people: first, my sister Liliana, my greatest supporter and most adamant advisor and motivator who always encouraged me to continue and to overcome the many hurdles along the road. I am also thankful to Grace Schutte, who contributed her expertise as graphic designer in helping me do the layout of the thesis. She was also a great friend who gave me her positive attitude and good energy through this process. Anderson Allen contributed with his revisions of my English writing and his academic expertise was helpful in making sense of my non-sense. I also appreciate Juan Hinestroza’s generous remarks, encouragement and interest in my work which gave me the extra push to the finish line, an invaluable contribution that he may not be aware of. And last -but not least- this thesis would not have reached its final form without the expert comments and helpful suggestions of Cindy Kohtala. To all of the above, I am most grateful, but I also wish to acknowledge the friends and family who indirectly have supported this thesis by believing in me and being there to support me through the good times and the bad. Graphic Designer: Grace Schutte ABSTRACT Sustainable Fashion Design: from Trend to Paradigm? The fashion industry is one of today’s most unsustainable global businesses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Finnish Venture Capital Market Performance and Development
    Aalto University School of Science Master’s Programme in Industrial Engineering and Management Julia Jutila The Finnish venture capital market performance and development Master’s Thesis Helsinki, April 5, 2021 Supervisor: Markku Maula, Professor Thesis advisor: Matias Kaila, M.Sc., Suomen Teollisuussijoitus Oy (Tesi) AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT Author: ABSTRACT OF MASTER’S THESIS Julia Jutila Title of the thesis: The Finnish venture capital market performance and development Number of pages: Language: 90 English Major: Major code: Strategy and Venturing SCI3050 Supervisor and instructor: Prof. Markku Maula Thesis advisors: Matias Kaila, Director of Fund Investments at Tesi The Finnish venture capital (VC) market and startup ecosystem are booming. 2019 was a record year in terms of the amount of funding Finnish startups attracted and the amount fundraised by Finnish VC funds. However, research on the financial performance and development of the Finnish venture capital market is scarce. For limited partners (LPs) and general partners (GPs) the lack of data can cause inefficient capital allocation. This study focuses on assessing the development and the financial performance of the Finnish venture capital market. The financial performance of the market is studied in terms of returns and their distribution, value development of companies after the initial investment and the effect of staging an investment on returns. The literature review provides background to the development of the Nordic VC market and benchmarks the Finnish VC market against other venture capital markets. The empirical analysis is done employing the Finnish Industry Investment (Tesi) database, with annual data from 2005 to 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Translating Fashion Into Danish
    Translating Fashion into Danish Melchior, Marie Riegels; Skov, Lise; Csaba, Fabian Faurholt Document Version Final published version Publication date: 2009 License CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Melchior, M. R., Skov, L., & Csaba, F. F. (2009). Translating Fashion into Danish. Department of Intercultural Communication and Management, Copenhagen Business School. Link to publication in CBS Research Portal General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us ([email protected]) providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Creativity at Work: Translating Fashion into Danish By Marie Riegels Melchior, Lise Skov and Fabian Faurholt Csaba December 2009 Page 1 / 37 Creative Encounters Working Paper #38 Translating Fashion into Danish Introduction This paper presents an analysis of the approximation of government and fashion industry in Denmark from the 1990s to the first decade of the 21st century. The analysis follows three dimensions: 1) the industry development from manufacturing to designer-dominated creative industry, 2) the way in which the fashion industry and fashion has been written into cultural industries policies and come to play a leading role in what is now called the “culture and experience economy” policy, and 3) the institutionalization of the fashion industry and fashion through the establishment of the network organization Danish Fashion Institute in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Finland Fact Book Focus Areas of Finnish Business
    FINLAND FACT BOOK FOCUS AREAS OF FINNISH BUSINESS BIOECONOMY CLEANTECH R&D AND INNOVATION World-class Finnish First-class cleantech Finland at the top of expertise in future competence from R&D spending per CONTENTS growth areas. Finland. capita. Why Finland? ....................................................................... 1 An incentive destination for business travel ..........2 Facts about Finland ......................................................... 4 Political system ................................................................. 6 Geography, natural resources and climate .............7 HEALTHCARE ICT TRAVEL AND Better life in Finland ........................................................ 8 AND TOURISM Economy and business outlook ...............................10 WELLBEING Great ICT market Finland’s dynamic Government policy in a knowledge-based Excellent research potential with R&D business climate and economy .............................................................................12 opportunities in Finland. expertise. unique environment Foreign direct investments (FDI) ...............................16 Research, development & innovation .................. 20 Principal industrial and business sectors .............24 Business environment ................................................. 30 Investment incentives ..................................................36 MANU­ RETAIL MINING Setting up a business in Finland ...............................38 Employment and the labour market ......................44 FACTURING
    [Show full text]
  • Uniting the Nordic Startup Ecosystem: Rising North Impact Fund 2016–2018
    The Nordics Together UNITING THE NORDIC STARTUP ECOSYSTEM: RISING NORTH IMPACT FUND 2016–2018 The Nordics Together UNITING THE NORDIC STARTUP ECOSYSTEM: RISING NORTH IMPACT FUND 2016–2018 Photo: taPio auvinen / aamumehu in bringing ecosystem players players ecosystem very successful successful very together across across together the Nordics.” “Rising North was was North “Rising UNITING THE NORDIC STARTUP ECOSYSTEM Startup Foundation was awarded the Rising North priority project for 2016–2018 by the Nordic Council of Ministers to support the internationalisation and overall development of the Nordic startup ecosystem. The project was something entirely new: an impact fund that awarded grants to support the hands-on collaboration of startup ecosystem participants, with each initiative having representatives from three different Nordic countries. Rising North was very successful in bringing ecosystem players together across the Nordics. The connections between organisations and individual people grew stronger through diverse subprojects, which in turn facilitated the inception of new openings and follow-up ideas. This resulted in a strong cross-border agenda of continuing the Nordic startup ecosystem collaboration within the #NordicMade brand. Startup Foundation would like to extend its sincere gratitude to the Nordic Council of Ministers for its support in empowering the Nordic startup ecosystem. Furthermore, the project would not have been possible without the help and support of the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment. Startup Foundation also wishes to thank all the members of the project steering board for their invaluable work in evaluating the funding applications, which over the years resulted in a portfolio of exciting and impactful subprojects.
    [Show full text]
  • NIBS Henrikki Digital Book.Pdf
    1 HENRIKKI TIKKANEN HENRIKKI TIKKANEN 50 1 HENRIKKI TIKKANEN – 50 ENSIMMÄINEN PAINOS / 1ST EDITION KUSTANTAJA / PUBLISHER: Nordic Institute of Business & Society Osuuskunta, Helsinki TOIMITTAJAT / EDITORS: Juho-Petteri Huhtala & Joel Hietanen SUUNNITTELIJA / DESIGNER: Krista Kärki PAINO / PRINT: Painotalo Trinket Oy COPYRIGHT © 2020 Nordic Institute of Business & Society Osuuskunta ISBN 978-952-94-3901-0 ISBN 978-952-94-3902-7 2 3 HENRIKKI TIKKANEN – 50 HENRIKKI TIKKANEN 50 4 5 HENRIKKI TIKKANEN – 50 140 149 KUVAT / IMAGES SISÄLLYS ↓ 152 155 9 HENRIKISTÄ KERTOVIA LAUSAHDUKSIA – JA FILOSOFIAA NIIDEN TAKANA P. Par v i nen 8 13 TO INNUMERABLE SHADES: 156 161 10 MONIPUOLINEN TIETEELLINEN DIMENSIONS OF PROFESSOR TUOTANTO SYSTEMAATTISENA LEIKKINÄ TIKKANEN AND HENKKA KIRJALLISUUSGENREILLÄ J. Hietanen & J-P. Huhtala J. Luoma 14 17 1 YSTÄVÄN MUOTOKUVA 162 175 11 LIVING PARALLEL LIVES:KARIN, I. Ambrosius & T. Kietäväinen HENRIKKI, ME AND THE OTHERS B. Cova 18 35 2 SPIRITUALITY, MANAGEMENT AND WISDOM – THE RELEVANCE OF PLATO 176 189 12 PROFESSOR TIKKANEN FLEW T. Peltonen OVER THE CUCKOO’S NEST: SWEDISH FÖRETAGSEKONOMI ON 36 59 3 RESEARCH TRADITIONS IN MARKETING: THE COUCH THEORETICAL NOTES J. Ostberg K. Möller 190 197 13 TEACHER, SUPERVISOR, MENTOR, 60 81 4 ROUGHING OUT A SOBERING (?) BOSS AND FRIEND – PROFESSOR RESEARCH PARADIGMATIC SCHEMA HENRIKKI TIKKANEN FOR MARKETING AND OTHER SOCIAL J. Salo PHENOMENA STUDIES R. Olkkonen & H. Makkonen 198 211 14 THE EMERGING SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT IN BRAND MANAGEMENT 82 91 5 SCHOLARLY VIRTUES AS P. Tuominen PERFORMATIVE ROLES J-A. Lamberg 212 225 15 WHAT AILS CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS SCHOOLS? 92 117 6 YRITYSTASON STRATEGINEN K. Alajoutsijärvi, K. Juusola & K.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki Microneurosurgery Basics and Tricks
    t of Neu en r os tm u r r a g p e e r y D U n d i n v Est. 1932 la er n si Fi ty of Helsinki Lehecka | Laakso Hernesniemi t of Neu en r os tm u r r a g p e e r y D U n d i n v Est. 1932 la er n si Fi ty of Helsinki t of Neu en r os tm u r r a g p e e r y D U n d i n v Est. 1932 la er n si Fi ty of Helsinki Department of Neurosurgery at Helsinki University, Finland, led by its chairman Juha Hernesniemi, has become one of the most frequently visited neurosurgical units in the Helsinki Microneurosurgery world. Every year hundreds of neurosurgeons come to Helsinki to observe and learn t of Neu en r os microneurosuergery from Professor Juha Hernesniemi and his team. tm u r r a g Basics and Tricks p e e r y D In this book we want to share the Helsinki experience on conceptual thinking behind U n d i n v Est. 1932 la er n what we consider modern microneurosurgery. We want to present an up-to-date si Fi ty of Helsinki manual of basic microneurosurgical principles and techniques in a cook book fashion. Martin Lehecka, Aki Laakso It is our experience that usually the small details determine whether a particular and Juha Hernesniemi surgery is going to be successful or not. To operate in a simple, clean, and fast way while preserving normal anatomy has become our principle in Helsinki.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of the Finnish Edible Insect Arena the Dynamics of An
    Geoforum 108 (2020) 227–236 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geoforum journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum The emergence of the Finnish edible insect arena: The dynamics of an T ‘Active Obstacle’ ⁎ Tiina Arppea,b, , Mari Nivab, Piia Jallinojaa a Tampere University, Finland b University of Helsinki, Finland ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In the current debates on sustainability of food edible insects have been suggested as one alternative source Edible insects of protein that could respond to the urgent need to decrease global meat consumption. However, in many Novel food countries rearing of insects for human food has been restrained by regulatory measures, such as the EU Novel Sustainability Foods Regulation. This paper analyses the emergence of the edible insect arena in Finland. In spite of the Arena of development official compliance to the existing EU regulations, a lively startup scene has grown around edibleinsect Strategies of normalization production since 2014. The analysis is based on interviews of the central actors of the insect scene and media Active obstacle data. The performances of actors, such as producers, retailers, authorities, researchers, newspaper articles, insects, regulations, and technologies, constituted a network connecting different geographical locations on a common arena of development. The emergence of an innovative arena is shown to be a result of conflicts and negotiations, resumed in three strategies used by the network-builders in order to normalize a forbidden product: media promotion, trials, and consumption. These strategies gathered actors and networks around an ‘active obstacle’, formed by the authorities’ interpretation of the EU law, which, as we argue, has in- fluenced the dynamics of the arena in its formative stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues Female Startup Founders Face While Applying for External Funding in Finland
    ISSUES FEMALE STARTUP FOUNDERS FACE WHILE APPLYING FOR EXTERNAL FUNDING IN FINLAND Annie Talvasto International Business Bachelor's Thesis Supervisor: Tamar Almor Date of approval: 13 April 2017 Aalto University School of Business Bachelor´s Program in International Business Mikkeli Campus AALTO UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT OF SCHOOL OF BUSINESS BACHELOR’S THESIS Mikkeli Campus Author: Annie Talvasto Title of thesis: Issues female startup founders in technological fields face while applying for external funding in Finland Date: 20 March 2017 Degree: Bachelor of Science in Economics and Business Administration Supervisor: Tamar Almor Objectives The main objectives of this study Was to investigate What kind of issues female startup founders face in Finland, and Whether the fact that Finland is perceived to be very equal society affect the issues. Summary Altogether eleven semi-structured intervieWs Were conducted. Four intervieWs Were conducted With female startup founders, three With male founders and four With representatives of different venture capital firms. Multiple patterns could be identified from the intervieWs. The main patterns include: female founders do not feel they experience discrimination, female founders often receive positive discrimination in the form of press or event coverage, female founders are considered more focused and determined than male founders on average and underlying issues very likely affect female founders in the technological startup industry. Conclusions The hypothesis proved to be quite correct, but still multiple surprising factors surfaced. This makes the findings important and contributes to the research of the field. It would be recommended to research the subject in greater detail. Quantitate research in particular, on female startup founders would be needed.
    [Show full text]