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Be Prepared: Communism and the Politics of Scouting in 1950S Britain
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Loughborough University Institutional Repository This item was submitted to Loughborough’s Institutional Repository (https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/) by the author and is made available under the following Creative Commons Licence conditions. For the full text of this licence, please go to: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ Be Prepared: Communism and the Politics of Scouting in 1950s Britain Sarah Mills To cite this paper: Mills, S. (2011) Be Prepared: Communism and the Politics of Scouting in 1950s Britain, Contemporary British History 25 (3): 429-450 This article examines the exposure, and in some cases dismissal, of Boy Scouts who belonged or sympathised with the Young Communist League in Britain during the early 1950s. A focus on the rationale and repercussions of the organisation’s approach and attitudes towards ‘Red Scouts’ found within their ‘ranks’ extends our understanding of youth movements and their often complex and conflicting ideological foundations. In particular, the post World War Two period presented significant challenges to these spaces of youth work in terms of broader social and political change in Britain. An analysis of the politics of scouting in relation to Red Scouts questions not only the assertion that British McCarthyism was ‘silent’, but also brings young people firmly into focus as part of a more everyday politics of Communism in British society. Key Words: Communism, British McCarthyism, Cultural Cold War, Boy Scouts, Youth Movements INTRODUCTION The imperial sensibilities and gender-based politics of the Scout movement in Britain have been well studied by historians. -
Shirt Movements in Interwar Europe: a Totalitarian Fashion
Ler História | 72 | 2018 | pp. 151-173 SHIRT MOVEMENTS IN INTERWAR EUROPE: A TOTALITARIAN FASHION Juan Francisco Fuentes 151 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain [email protected] The article deals with a typical phenomenon of the interwar period: the proliferation of socio-political movements expressing their “mood” and identity via a paramilitary uniform mainly composed of a coloured shirt. The analysis of 34 European shirt movements reveals some common features in terms of colour, ideology and chronology. Most of them were consistent with the logic and imagery of interwar totalitarianisms, which emerged as an alleged alternative to the decaying bourgeois society and its main political creation: the Parliamentary system. Unlike liBeral pluralism and its institutional expression, shirt move- ments embody the idea of a homogeneous community, based on a racial, social or cultural identity, and defend the streets, not the Ballot Boxes, as a new source of legitimacy. They perfectly mirror the overwhelming presence of the “brutalization of politics” (Mosse) and “senso-propaganda” (Chakhotin) in interwar Europe. Keywords: fascism, Nazism, totalitarianism, shirt movements, interwar period. Resumo (PT) no final do artigo. Résumé (FR) en fin d’article. “Of all items of clothing, shirts are the most important from a politi- cal point of view”, Eugenio Xammar, Berlin correspondent of the Spanish newspaper Ahora, wrote in 1932 (2005b, 74). The ability of the body and clothing to sublimate, to conceal or to express the intentions of a political actor was by no means a discovery of interwar totalitarianisms. Antoine de Baecque studied the political dimension of the body as metaphor in eighteenth-century France, paying special attention to the three specific func- tions that it played in the transition from the Ancien Régime to revolutionary France: embodying the state, narrating history and peopling ceremonies. -
This Is an Author-Produced PDF of an Article Published in the Conversation, May 2016
1 This is an author-produced PDF of an article published in The Conversation, May 2016. The fully formatted and illustrated publication can be accessed at https://theconversation.com/rebel-youth-how-britains-woodcraft-folk-tried-to-change-the- world-55892 Rebel youth: how Britain’s woodcraft folk tried to change the world Annebella Pollen Children with Kibbo Kift leader, John Hargrave, 1928. Courtesy of Tim Turner Are the young people you know more likely to identify a Dalek or a magpie? The National Trust asserts that Daleks come up trumps, complaining that “nature is being exterminated from children’s lives”. Concerns about young people’s increasingly sedentary lifestyles and lack of exposure to nature have led to a number of popular outdoor endeavours including schemes to “rewild the child”. This may seem to be a particularly 21st-century issue, but the urge to counteract the influence of the city on the lives of young people has a long history. 2 Precisely 100 years ago, in the midst of World War I, a family of Quakers in Cambridge set up a youth organisation designed to offer outdoor coeducational experiences without the militarism and imperialism that they perceived in the Boy Scouts. They called the group the Order of Woodcraft Chivalry. This marked the start of a larger movement, spread across a range of organisations emerging during and after the war years. Founded on pacifist ideals and informed by a mystical understanding of the natural world, British youth groups based on what were described as “woodcraft” principles sought radical alternatives to so-called civilisation through camping and ceremony, hiking and handicraft. -
Copyright Statement This Copy of the Thesis Has Been Supplied On
University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2014 Blackshirts and White Wigs: Reflections on Public Order Law and the Political Activism of the British Union of Fascists Channing, Iain Christopher Edward http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2897 University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. Copyright Statement This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior consent. 1 2 Blackshirts and White Wigs: Reflections on Public Order Law and the Political Activism of the British Union of Fascists by Iain Christopher Edward Channing A thesis submitted to Plymouth University in Partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Plymouth Law School March 2013 3 4 Abstract While domestic fascism within the United Kingdom has never critically challenged Parliamentary sovereignty, it has decisively disrupted public order since its roots were established in the inter-war political scene. The violence provoked by Sir Oswald Mosley’s British Union of Fascists (BUF) was one of the stimulating factors behind the enactment of the Public Order Act 1936. -
THE OTHER SCHOOL Annebella Pollen
This a pre-copy edited version of a 2017 article submitted to the website Alma. The final version appeared in a Spanish language translation as l’Altra Escola https://miradesambanima.org/miradas/laltra-escola/ This 800-word article was a commercial commission by L’Obra Social, an educational project supported by the cultural foundation of the Spanish bank, La Caixa. The article explores histories of outdoor education in the light of current anxieties about children’s lack of contact with nature. It draws on Pollen’s research into the early twentieth century woodcraft movement in order to provide critical context for new educational practices that teach children outdoor skills. THE OTHER SCHOOL Annebella Pollen There’s a powerful current anxiety that urban children are losing touch with nature. The generation so very well connected to the internet and social media are seen to be ever more disconnected from the benefits of the great outdoors. Whether these anxieties cluster around sedentary lifestyles and child obesity, or the loss of knowledge in a world where many urban children find it easier to identify corporate logos than names of plants and animals, many parents and educators have expressed concern that contemporary childhood needs an injection of fresh air and green space. As a consequence, a wide range of recent endeavours have been put in place to promote outdoor opportunities for young people. These include popular cross- European educational programmes such as Forest School, which encourages children to adopt activities that use nature as a classroom, and to develop “bushcraft” skills, including making fires and woodland crafts. -
Law and Order Do Not Always Go Together. Vigilantism As Citizens Attempt to Enforce Order Outside the Law Is Rising
“Law and order do not always go together. Vigilantism as citizens attempt to enforce order outside the law is rising. Comprehensive studies about the phe- nomenon have been lacking. The 17 case studies and the conceptual and com- parative discussion by the editors go a long way to fill the void. A must read in these times of rising populism and xenophobia.” - Prof. em. Alex P. Schmid, Editor-in-Chief of ‘Perspectives on Terrorism’ and former Officer-in-Charge of the Terrorism Prevention Branch of UNODC. “Theoretically astute, empirically sound, this volume is the authoritative source on the growing phenomena of vigilantism around the world. This study is essential reading for anyone who is interested in understanding the changing nature of coercion, and the shifting relations of social and political order in the 21st century.” - James Sheptycki, York University, Canada. “Vigilantism poses a serious threat to democracy. It is therefore an important, yet understudied phenomenon in criminology. This edited volume raises important issues regarding the conditions under which different kinds of vigilantism emerge. Using case studies from different countries, this edited volume provides challenging new insights which are of importance to both academics and policy makers.” - Prof. Lieven Pauwels, Ghent University, Belgium. “This book is richly researched and extremely timely. The spread of vigilantism in our increasingly fractured world should stimulate debate about the nature and significance of state power, whether ‘private’ vigilante actors are in fact detached from their governments, and when right-wing vigilantism becomes a necessary component of state Fascist operations.” - Prof. Martha K. Huggins, Tulane University (emerita), USA. -
British Fascism from a Transnational Perspective, 1923 to 1939
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive Breaking Boundaries: British Fascism from a Transnational Perspective, 1923 to 1939 MAY, Rob Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/26108/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version MAY, Rob (2019). Breaking Boundaries: British Fascism from a Transnational Perspective, 1923 to 1939. Doctoral, Sheffield Hallam University. Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk Breaking Boundaries: British Fascism from a Transnational Perspective, 1923 to 1939 Robert May A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Sheffield Hallam University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2019 I hereby declare that: 1. I have been enrolled for another award of the University, or other academic or professional organisation, whilst undertaking my research degree. I was an enrolled student for the following award: Postgraduate Certificate in Arts and Humanities Research University of Hull 2. None of the material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award. 3. I am aware of and understand the University's policy on plagiarism and certify that this thesis is my own work. The use of all published or other sources of material consulted have been properly and fully acknowledged. 4. The work undertaken towards the thesis has been conducted in accordance with the SHU Principles of Integrity in Research and the SHU Research Ethics Policy. -
The Boy Scouts, Class and Militarism in Relation to British Youth Movements 1908-1930*
/. 0. SPRINGHALL THE BOY SCOUTS, CLASS AND MILITARISM IN RELATION TO BRITISH YOUTH MOVEMENTS 1908-1930* In the 1960's academic attention became increasingly focused, in many cases of necessity, on the forms taken by student protest and, possibly in conjunction with this, there appeared almost simultaneously a corresponding upsurge of interest in the history of organized inter- national youth movements, many of them with their origins in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries.1 Such a development in historiography would seem to contradict the statement once made by an English youth leader, Leslie Paul, that "because the apologetics of youth movements are callow, their arguments crude, and their prac- tices puerile, they are dismissed or ignored by scholars."2 It is certainly refreshing to see discussion of the Boy Scout movement rise above easy humour at the expense of Baden-Powell's more ec- centric views on adolescent sex education.3 Yet despite the change in historical perspective, very little has been done until comparatively recently to place Scouting, as this article cautiously attempts to do, * I would like to thank my colleagues - past and present - at the Lanchester Polytechnic, Coventry, and the New University of Ulster who commented on and made suggestions with regards to earlier drafts of this article. The faults and omissions are, of course, all my own. 1 Cf. A series of essays on "Generations in Conflict" published in: The Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 4, No 2 (1969), and Vol. 5, No 1 (1970); Walter Z. Laqueur, Young Germany: A history of the German Youth Movement (London, 1962); Robert Hervet, Les Compagnons de France (Paris, 1965); Radomir Luza, History of the International Socialist Youth Movement (Leiden, 1970). -
Brave New World: Imperial and Democratic Nation-Building in Britain Between the Wars
Image Brave New World: Imperial and Democratic Nation-Building in Britain between the Wars Edited by Laura Beers and Geraint Thomas Brave New World Imperial and Democratic Nation- Building in Britain between the Wars Brave New World Imperial and Democratic Nation- Building in Britain between the Wars Edited by Laura Beers and Geraint Thomas LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU First published in print in 2011. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY- NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN 978 1 909646 45 2 (PDF edition) ISBN 978 1 905165 58 2 (hardback edition) Contents List of contributors vii Preface by Ross McKibbin ix Acknowledgements xiii Introduction 1 1. Political modernity and ‘government’ in the construction of inter-war democracy: local and national encounters Geraint Thomas 39 2. Whig lessons, Conservative answers: the literary adventures of Sir J. A. R. Marriott Gary Love 67 3. The ‘Will to Work’: industrial management and the question of conduct in inter-war Britain Daniel Ussishkin 91 4. Representing the people? The Daily Mirror, class and political culture in inter-war Britain Adrian Bingham 109 5. ‘A timid disbelief in the equality to which lip-service is constantly paid’: gender, politics and the press between the wars Laura Beers 129 6. Conservative values, Anglicans and the gender order in inter-war Britain Lucy Delap 149 7. -
Broadcast Bulletin Issue Number
O fcom Broadcast Bulletin Issue number 121 10 November 2008 1 Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin, Issue 121 10 November 2008 Contents Introduction 3 Standards cases Notice of Sanction DM Digital Television Limited Health is Wealth, DM Digital, 8 March 2007, 07:45 4 In Breach Premium rate services promoted in programme content DM Digital, various dates in 2007 5 Good Morning Manchester DM Digital, 11 & 12 February 2008, 08:00 6 “Shine a Light” competition The Morning After, Kerrang! Radio (West Midlands), 2 April 2008, 08:20 8 Dickinson’s Real Deal STV, 27 June 2008, 14:00 10 Ayurvedic Nature Cure Sponsorship Maru Gujarat, MATV, 20 August 2008, 19:00 11 Scott Mills Radio 1, 12 August 2008, 16:00 13 Resolved After You’ve Gone BBC1, 28 July 2008, 19:30 15 Out of Remit Aalim Online Geo UK/Geo TV 17 Fairness & Privacy cases Upheld and Partly Upheld Complaint by Mr Nicholas Beardshaw and Mrs Michaela Beardshaw Weekend Nazis, BBC1, 27 August 2007 19 Complaint by Mr Glenn Swallow Weekend Nazis, BBC1, 27 August 2007 35 Other programmes not in breach/resolved 47 2 Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin, Issue 121 10 November 2008 Introduction The Broadcast Bulletin reports on the outcome of investigations into alleged breaches of those Ofcom codes which broadcasting licensees are required to comply. These include: a) Ofcom’s Broadcasting Code (“the Code”) which took effect on 25 July 2005 (with the exception of Rule 10.17 which came into effect on 1 July 2005). This Code is used to assess the compliance of all programmes broadcast on or after 25 July 2005. -
The Discourse of the British Union of Fascists, 1932-1940
BATTLING THE STATUS QUO: THE DISCOURSE OF THE BRITISH UNION OF FASCISTS, 1932-1940 By SEAN RYAN WEBB Bachelor of Arts in History Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 2007 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTERS OF THE ARTS December, 2012 BATTLING THE STATUS QUO: THE DISCOURSE OF THE BRITISH UNION OF FASCISTS, 1932-1940 Thesis Approved: Dr. Joseph Byrnes Dissertation Adviser Dr. Lesley Rimmel Committee Member Dr. Yongtao Du Committee Member Dr. Sheryl A. Tucker Dean of the Graduate College ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. CHAPTER 1 ...............................................................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 British Fascism's Historical and Intellectual Origins ...............................................7 Style and Structure .................................................................................................19 II. CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................27 The "Old Gang" .....................................................................................................27 The Peaceful Warmonger ......................................................................................33 III. CHAPTER 3 .........................................................................................................37 -
A History of Girl Groups
Inside: A History of Girl Groups Why do youth groups Why do youth groups exist? exist? Female Pioneers Who pioneered girls’ scouting groups? Origins of Scouting Why do many scouting groups remain single-gender? Founders No Boys Allowed? What is their purpose today? Mixing It Up! How is gender equality changing the scouting movement? The answers and more in this curatorial essay by Jocelyn Anderson-Wood for our Better Together: Girl Groups exhibit. Why do youth groups exist? The history of girl groups begins with boy groups, and they have been around for a long time. The first boy groups were religious. Sunday Schools associated with churches and chapels developed in the last few years of the eighteenth century. Sunday School groups were the prototype for the youth groups that we know today. In the 1860s Rev Arthur Sweatman founded many boys’ clubs, beginning with the Islington Youths’ Institute. He described the clubs as involving “evening recreation, companionship, an entertaining but healthy literature, useful instruction, and a strong guiding influence to lead young people onward and upward socially and morally”. In 1863 he wrote a paper on the value of youth groups, first read at the Social Science Association in Edinburgh, which stated that young men needed general cultural improvement, and a new type of organisation was needed to help boys to reach it. In the 1880s and 1890s there was a marked growth in club provision for young people. Of particular note here was the pioneering of lads’ clubs by many Catholic and Anglican priests. There was a parallel growth in girls’ clubs and groups.