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The State of the Left Hard Times TimesHard The State of the Left Issue 103 (1/2019) ISSN 0171-1695 www.hard-times-magazine.org Hard Times founded by Jürgen Enkemann Editors of this issue Sebastian Berg and Luke Martell Hard Times Editorial Team Anke Bartels, Georgia Christinidis, and Dirk Wiemann Hard Times Advisory Board NFO Aileen Behrendt | Sebastian Berg | Dietmar Böhnke | I Stefani Brusberg-Kiermeier | Jürgen Enkemann | Jessica Fischer | Jana Gohrisch | Frauke Hofmeister | Michael Krause | Irmgard Maassen | Luke Martell | Ingrid von Rosenberg | Christian Schmitt-Kilb | Jörg Strehmann | Stephanie Sumner Please address any enquiries to Hard Times Magazine Prof Dr Dirk Wiemann Department of English and American Studies University of Potsdam Am Neuen Palais 10 14469 Potsdam UBLISHING Germany P or [email protected] Layout by Stephanie Sumner Image on front cover by Jon Southcoasting (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Editorial i Sebastian Berg and Luke Martell 1 The Corbyn Project: a View from the UK Grassroots Heather Mendick 10 The State of the Irish Left: Half-Full and Half-Empty David Landy S The Abyss…and the Leap: Expanding Canada’s 17 T ‘Shrivelled’ Political Horizons Lee-Anne Broadhead EN The Essence of Politics is Collective: Interview with 27 T Alia Amir Ali of the Pakistan Awami Workers Party Dirk Wiemann ON La France Insoumise: How New is the French New 36 Left? John Mullen C F French Left-Libertarianism and Benoit Hamon’s 45 Socialist Vision O Charles Masquelier Portuguese Left Tests the Limits of European Social 55 Democracy Eunice Goes ABLE What Is Left of the (Italian) Left? 65 Roberto Pedretti T What’s Left in Hellas? On the Transformation of Social 78 Movements in Greece Gregor Kritidis The Landscape After a Disaster and Even Two: On the 87 Genealogy of the Polish Left Leszek Koczanowicz EDITORIAL The State of the Left fter the financial crisis of 2008 his issue looks at the changing Athe left did not take control of Tfortunes and state of the left, the political agenda when they had especially the rise of the proper left the chance to argue for an alternative and the return of their ideas to the to short term risk-taking in finance, mainstream, after the financial crisis and rewarded by bonuses for the rich and austerity. Why an international remit greedy, and tax avoidance. There could rather than a UK focus for this issue? have been a programme for the people The financial crisis was experienced and for regulating and controlling across Europe and our issue provides capital. In the ensuing austerity period, a synopsis and setting side by side of however, the proper left stepped in on left responses across nation states. This the back of issues raised by anti-austerity can provide evidence on how either movements outside mainstream politics, internationally-related or nationally and provided a firm left path that gained specific the left is today and what popular support: this proper left wants to international solidarity could mean. The terminate neoliberalism and free markets, contents of the issue are shaped in part to redistribute wealth and create a less by who was able to write for us and space ecologically disastrous economy. From limits. However, we aimed to go not just the Indignados to Occupy to Greece a beyond the UK but also beyond Europe, left alternative began to rise from below. although Europe is the main focus. It took party form in Syriza, Podemos, in the work of Sanders and Corbyn, in ost-austerity the proper left has Portugal, and elsewhere. There has not Psurfed the wave of protest, using it been a proper left revival everywhere. to reassert its values. Roberto Pedretti Die Linke, for example, has not taken in this issue says that the crisis of the centre stage (though it increased its left was partly caused by its acceptance membership and share of the vote for a of neoliberal responses to structural short period in 2009/10) as the proper transformations. It was too electorally left has in other places, maybe because timid and ideologically convinced to austerity was less harsh in Germany. reject neoliberalism. A change has come Page i Hard Times 103 (1/2019) Editorial with the rise of the proper left rejecting as migration, Europe, climate emergency, this paradigm. The proper left has made basic income and reducing the working it possible, in some places, to talk about week. These themes have often (if not socialism again 30 years after 1989. always) been shunned by mainstream Privatisation and neo-liberalism are no statist socialists because of the latter’s longer the default benchmark. David emphasis on growth, work and rights in Landy discusses the challenge to this the workplace. But Charles Masquelier in the fight against water privatisation on Hamon in France and Lee-Anne in Ireland. The alternatives – social Broadhead on Canada, for example, talk ownership and egalitarianism - are about engagement with such issues. Lee- part of the mainstream agenda again. Anne adds decolonisation, an important concern that could get more attention he discussion can be less now about than it has done in this volume. Twhether socialism is dead and more how to link the traditional left agenda he new proper left has built on that has come back in with disarming Tbottom-up popular participation. the far right, mobilising support Mélenchon‘s proposed assembly and his across social strata and demographic and Corbyn’s popular inputs into policy groups, engaging with questions are discussed in this issue. Heather raised in this issue not traditionally Mendick’s article focuses on conflict associated with left/right binaries, and between grassroots Corbyn supporters how to implement left programmes in the UK and the more centrist party and confront fierce opposition. elite. In the heavily privatised UK there has been a return to social ownership as s the proper left just the old left something to be rolled forward, rather Iresurging? The articles on France, than privatisation and the market as amongst others, discuss the left in the assumed approach. This includes relation to its traditional concerns but old-style public ownership but also also ones newer for socialists to take co-ops and local and regional social on. Sectarianism is being overcome, the ownership. So, there is a devolved plural left combining, as discussed in participatory element. Hamon’s interest the articles on Portugal and Pakistan. in co-ops is discussed by Charles Dogmatism has shifted too. Responses Masquelier. These approaches are about in recent years have raised issues less popular rather than private control. central for the left in the past, for instance rethinking the forms social ownership he proper left has risen out of social could take and responding to new social Tmovements, Podemos in Spain an formations like precarity and issues such obvious example, or there has been a Page ii Hard Times 103 (1/2019) Editorial movement basis within political parties. Portugal raise the question of how much Heather Mendick discusses Momentum socialist or social democratic policies in the UK and our issue has articles on can be followed within the European France, Canada and Greece that flag Union. Corbyn’s position may have to up the movement aspect within left do with political balancing but also his parties. All of this is beyond just the lifelong belief that membership of the party or state delivering socialism from EU is an obstruction to a democratic above and beyond social ownership socialist government pursuing aims as just national state ownership. such as nationalisation and reversing privatisation. But which aspects of on-economic issues are important the EU are limiting for the left varies. Nfor many of the parties, religion For Eunice, in Portugal it is monetary (in Pakistan, Poland and Ireland, for union. Other constraints, she says, can instance), gender, and migration have be worked around. Eunice also raises the become a central issue for many left issue of inequalities in power between parties. Cultural and ‘identity’ issues have poorer and richer members of the EU. become added to left/right economic and social ones. Some of the left have tried he proper left, on the fringes just a to counter the threat of the far right by Tfew years ago, now has real electoral riding the anti-immigration bandwagon, promise. Mélenchon’s performance in playing their part in whipping up the 2017 French election and Corbyn’s racism and hatred: Mélenchon in in party leadership contests and the UK France, some voices in Poland, and general election command attention. Aufstehen in Germany (the latter not Podemos was leading in the polls soon covered in our issue but relevant here). after they were founded and have the possibility of being part of a Spanish he role of Europe features in left government at the time of writing. TCorbyn‘s ambivalence on the Brexit The anti-austerity Portuguese left is process, the coup d’etat by the Troika in in power and Syriza won on an anti- Greece and Mélenchon’s willingness to austerity platform, although they pull out of the EU. There is antagonism have since compromised and lost towards the EU on the left, for left as power in the 2019 general election. well as other reasons, as well as a more prevalent approach geared towards n demographic terms the rise of the working within the EU. Europe is a Iprecariat means that the left cannot neoliberal capitalist club, but is it to be be just about the working class. This changed from within or to be exited? The insecure cross-class group is open case of Syriza and Eunice Goes’ article on to appeals from the firm left and far Page iii Hard Times 103 (1/2019) Editorial right.
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