6482 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 up. Any amendments to the resolution to move to table the resolution if there lution 8. There is a time agreement on could cloud the issue, and we could have are amendments offered to it. If there that resolution. Following that, I would many problems with a voting time. But are no amendments offered to it, or none hope the Senate could take up the coun here is the opportunity for the Senate to are adopted, I would like to see an up tervailing duties legislation, which is vote up or down, and have a showdown or-down vote on the resolution, on the Calendar Order No. 51, H.R. 1147, an act once and for all. I am going to be clearcut issue of whether or not the Sen to extend temporarily the authority of against it, and intend to try to get a vote ate wants to vitiate the action that it the Secretary of the Treasury to waive on it. took 3 weeks ago. the imposition of countervailing duties. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Due notice was given in the RECORD. So I think in sum, there will be rollcall objection to the request of the Senator Resolutions are often called up here votes tomorrow. Tomorrow is only Wed from West Virginia? Without objection, without giving a day's notice, with the nesday. It could be a long day; no reason it is so ordered. resolutions approved. There were some why it should not be, in order to com Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, will the suggestions at that time that it ought to plete our business. We will be in session Senator yield? be called up and voted on the same day, on Thursday, and in accordance with Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Yes, I yield. but I said "no," to call it up one day and my promise, which I am carefully keep Mr. STEVENS. I thank the Senator vote on it the next. ing, there will be no rollcall votes Friday from West Virginia for his explanation If there are going to be amendments if we are in, unless there be some emer for the record of what transpired here to Senator HART'S resolution, I would gency situation. today, but I am compelled to state for understand that any Senator would want I yield the :floor. the record also that we have a Senator to reserve his rights, one of those rights the right to make a motion to in the morning hour? TOMORROW table the Hart resolution and any amendments to it, and not have a defi Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, if there nite time agreement on the resolution if be no further business to come before it is amended. That would indicate there PROGRAM the Senate, I move, in accordance with would not be the opportunity to have a Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. If the Senator the order previously entered, that the tabling motion otherwise. from Alaska will allow me, I would hope Senate stand in recess until the hour of Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Yes, I can un that otherwise tomorrow the Senate 11 :45 a.m. tomorrow. derstand the Senator. I do not know the could also proceed to the consideration The motion was agreed to, and at 8 identification of that Senator, but I can of the Rhodesian resolution, Calendar p.m., the Senate recessed until Wednes understand that any Senator might wish Order No. 50, Senate Concurrent Reso- day, March 28, 1979, at 11: 45 a.m.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ENERGY PROBLEMS ground, TRW has for some years been vitally son will force continued progress by indus concerned with the following aspects of en try. However, these efforts alone will not pro ergy: vide a solution which will permit a continu HON. ELWOOD HILLIS We have directed great attention to energy ation of our life style. In fact, increased pro in our internal operations so that less units ductivity is the fundamental factor by which OF INDIANA of energy will be utilized in each unit of improvement in living is obtained. Energy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES output. As a result, in 1978 we used 26 per and productivity are closely interrelated. It cent less energy per unit of output for our Tuesday, March 27, 1979 is quite clear that the balance of trade 100 domestic manufacturing operations than impact of oil imports could have been mini • Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I recently we did in 1972. Also important, our total mized if the U.S. had been successful in received a letter from P T. Argell, vice absolute consumption of oil is down 23 per maintaining and increasing certain levels of president of TRW, Inc. The letter out cent. We have a strong corporate policy state manufactured exports. Furthermore, 70 per ment on energy conservation, one of in cent of final U.S. oil consumption is for lines the praiseworthy efforts by TRW dustry's best energy reporting systems, and transportation; this figure includes the to conserve on energy. The attitude and we anticipate continuing improvement. energy required for production of motor approach of TRW needs to be adopted by Our products and services are constantly fuels as well as end use. The American people our entire business community and re reviewed to insure that their efficiencies are must recognize all of these ramifications. flected in the energy policies of the Fed being maximized from an energy standpoint. They must be involved in an active and cre eral Government. Much progress has been made but only two ative effort towards increasing our energy Recent announcements by the OPEC examples need be cited. First, some of our use, efficiency, and productivity if they wish oil ministers of higher prices are cause automotive parts have been reduced by over to maintain and improve their life style. 20 percent in weight to support automotive Our purpose in writing to you may be sum for great concern. Those increases manufacturers in building lighter auto further illustrate the urgency of reduc marized in the belief that normal, free mobiles. Second, the entire product line of market economic forces are the preferred ing our energy demands. TRW's ap our submerged petroleum pumps is under solutions for most economic matters. If it proach and attitude toward energy con going an extensive engineering review with becomes necessary for government to inter servation should be brought to the at the established objective of increasing the vene, this must be done in a cooperative tention of the American people and used operating efficiency by at least 5 percent, fashion involving all persons and institu as an example of how to address the en and preferably by 10 percent where practicable. tions concerned with the issues. We think it ergy problems now facing this Nation. I We are conducting extensive communica is essential to the American public and hope my colleagues will share TRW's let tions with our employees to insure that they industry to address this situation in the ter with their constituents. The letter appreciate fully the importance of energy cooperation and understanding fashion of follows: conservation and its ultimate impact on the which much of our history has shown us to MARCH 21, 1979. American way of life. be superbly capable. The solution rests in Hon. ELWOOD H. HILLIS, We believe that the energy situation is this direction as opposed to finger-pointing House of Representatives, crucial to the United States. The record and attempting to blame difficulties on Russell House Office Building, shows that American industry has done an someone else. Washington, D .C. outstanding job of energy conservation in We stand ready to assist you and members DEAR CONGRESSMAN HILLIS: As you and compliance with the Energy Policy and Con of your staff in any way which will be other members of the 96th Congress address servation Act of 1975. Also, TRW studies beneficial. the energy situation of the U.S. again, we show that U.S. industrial energy efficiency Sincerely, thought it in order to acquaint you with our has increased more rapidly than other indus P. T. ANGELL, views of the situation. In the way of back- trialized nations since 1972. Economic rea- Vice President.e
• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6483 MINORITY RESOURCE CENTER FOR enthusiastic endorsement now of both TVA We must remember the entire past or we chairman S. David Freeman and Richard will be doomed to relive its misery. TVA Freeman, .the other board member. It is an idea that is long overdue. If the goal of the United Nations Hu HON. HAROLD E. FORD Black enterprises have been neglected in man Rights Commission is to adopt the awarding of contracts for such major international measures for preventing a OF TENNESSEE governmental agencies. Last year, as the TVA repetition of the crimes of genocide, then IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . chairman notes, such businesses were . a true account of the brutal treatment Tuesday, March 27, 1979 awarded only a small fraction of 1 per cent of the Armenian people must be in of TVA 's total purchases. cluded in the report. The Commission • Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, The problem has been the result of lack should be a forum of global debate on today I seek the support of my colleagues of proper access to such contracts and lack of infprmation. Black businesses often have human rights. Let us not allow it to on the House Appropriations Committee, not had the resources to bid competitively · escape into silence. For we are the hope Subcommittee on Public Works, in insur even when they were capable of doing the of the persecuted, the imprisoned, and ing that a $3.2 million proposed budget work the .contracts demanded. the tortured. We must not let them for a Minority Resource Center be in Surely the development of minority busi down.• cluded in the Appropriations Commit ness and the creation of job opportunities tee's budget for the Tennessee Valley Au within that part of the region should be just thority (TV A) . The Resource Center as important as the development of agricul FARM SAFETY WEEK would devise approaches for making TVA ture, recreation and electricity. After all those programs and activities more supportive minorities represent 22 per cent of the 27 million population of the seven-state TVA HON. W. HENSON MOORE of minority economic needs and interests region. They should be given first considera throughout the region. tion when contracts representing jobs and OF LOUISIANA Specifically the Resource Center would incomes are being parceled out. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rectify the disparity which has excluded Tuesday, March 27, 1979 minorities from meaningful participation in the economic development programs CONGRATULATIONS TO U.N. AM • Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, rarely in financed with billions of dollars in public BASSADOR SET MONJIAN ON the political arena does a public servant funds over the past 46 years. It would tap PARAGRAPH 30 get a second opportunity to make a gross minority talents in business, the profes error twice-and remain a public ser sions and education, and link these tal vant. However, it is my unpleasant duty ents with TVA projects. To achieve this HON. ADAM BENJAMIN, JR. to inform the House that for the second end satellite TVA offices will be set up OF INDIANA year in a row, President Carter has not throughout the valley. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only issued a proclamation designating The Resource Center would be an on Tuesday, March 27, 1979 "National Farm Safety Week" but has going institutional mechanism. It would also at the same time requested elimina be staffed by competent minority profes e Mr. BENJAMIN. Mr. Speaker, a great tion of funding from the proposed fiscal sionals from throughout the region. This step forward in the cause for human year 1980 budget for the farm safety staff would work directly with TVA per rights was achieved when the United program, administered by USDA's Ex sonnel in design, development, and im Nations Commission on Human Rights tension Service. plementation of programs in the follow agreed to reconsider its Report on Geno In his March 23, 1978 proclamation is ing areas: cide by taking another look at the de sued during the last Congress, the Presi Economic research and analyses; leted reference of the Armenian genocide dent stated: "Anything that diminishes Economic/ business feasibility studies; which occurred during the years 1915-18. the ability of farmers and ranchers to Minority purchasing and business This reference, commonly called Para meet these vital needs (production of developments; graph 30, recognized the crimes perpe food and fiber) is of great concern." I Management and technical assistance trated on the Armenian people by the certainly felt that his action was of great in support of business and economic de Ottoman Empire. Nearly 2 million per concern to us all since zero funding for velopment projects; sons were massacred or deported from an important program can only diminish Sources and support mechanism for their provinces in Turkey. This was the its effectiveness. But, to add insult to in equity and debt financing and bonding; first mass ethnic slaughter in modern jury, he stated in the Monday, March 19, Manpower development and training; history and brought the realization of 1979, proclamation designating July 25 and the horror behind the word "genocide." through July 31, 1979, National Farm Experimental and demonstration proj The world learned that genocide was a Safety Week, the following: ects in the development of alternative violation of the essential human right I also ask those who serve agricultural energy sources and in energy production, from which all others derive: The right producers to support their accident-reducing conversion, and conservation. to life. efforts by providing encouragement and ed If implemented, the Center could begin During the proceedings of the Human ucational aids. Rights Commission, efforts were made by to reverse the conditions of exclusion According to the President's fiscal year which are costly to the entire Nation in a few parties to exclude any reference to these massacres. This would have been a 1980 budget, it will be pretty hard for the terms of waste, human resources, and the Extension Service-the primary educa loss of regional and local technological travesty. An honest study of the crime of genocide would be far from complete tional arm of the U.S. Department of and industrial capabilities. Agriculture-to provide anything except With leadership, and financial support without an inclusion of the atrocities from the Congress for the Center, posi committed on the Armenian people. In a few cheers from the sidelines due to the tive steps could be taken to create new this Commission no virtue can be found fact its capable personnel will not be pro jobs, strengthen the business and indus in silence. vided funding for farm safety work. trial base, and promote long-term eco Through the admirable efforts of the But, Mr. Speaker, all is not lost. The nomic growth and development in minor U.S. delegation, and especially that of House Agriculture Committee, on which ity and poor communities throughout the U.S. Representative to the United Na I had the privilege to serve for 4 years, valley. tions, Mr. Set Monjian, the Commission has recognized the need for continued The largest Midsouth daily newspaper, agreed to delay the final passage of the farm safety education by recommending the Commercial Appeals, ran the follow report and reconsider the Armenian to the Budget and Appropriation Com ing editorial: genocide reference. mittees a $1,500,000 funding level for Ex Inclusion of this reference would be a tension's farm safety €ndeavors for fiscal TVA AIMS To HELP MINORITIES great victory for human rights. Acts of year 1980. This compares with a fiscal The Tennessee Valley Authority direc year 1979 appropriation of $1,020,000. I tors will be meeting in Memphis April 5 to destruction can only be prevented in the vote on a plan to expand job opportunities future if those of the past are recog am sure even the President-once a for minorities by giving them a share in nized. An omission of the crime of the farmer himself-could rationalize a TVA 's $3 billion annual work contracts. magnitude inflicted upon the Armenian $480,000 increase over last year's appro The Tennessee Valley Center for Minority people would defeat the purpose of the priation in order to help avoid future Economic Development, Inc., was proposed by Commission and only serve to provide farm accidents and the resulting costs. Rep. Harold Ford of Memphis and has the collateral support for future massacres. His recent proclamation argued for im- 6484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 proved farm safety stating there were out that the most killings occur as the result and for all who hold dear the principles more than a half-million farmers, em of violent domestic situations. The availabil of national, religious, and human rights, ity of a lethal weapon in such situations, he ployees, and others who suffered from says , can change them from family fights the Byelorussian Day of Independence farm and ranch accidents that totaled that end in a black eye to disasters. serves as a reminder that we should re almost $5 billion in losses. He also added: "In Great Britain (where handguns are dedicate ourselves to support these brave The pain and personal loss to the injured not readily available), if you become enraged people as they continue their fight for and to their families and friends cannot be wit h your wife and feel that you want to kill selfdetermination. We should mark this measured. her, t he only weapon available to you is your occasion by urging those who carry out bare hands." Tanay said. "Homicide then be our own Nation's foreign policy to con What we really need, Mr. Speaker, iS comes a matter of strength and persistence. a measure of accountability on the 'Part "The problem with a gun is that while it tinue to voice the American belief that of the current administration. I feel sure causes a great deal of destruction, it provides basic human rights should never be that the House Committee on Appropria little aggressive gratification. denied.• tions will seriously consider fullfunding " If a person has a rage reaction and has for this program, and will not contradict no weapon other than his bare hands, it THE SAW MILL RUN FLOOD its previous position on farm safety. I takes a little time so that the self can be CONTROL PROJECT reasserted. The aggression is discharged. only hope that one day the administra There is time for the person to become him tion will realize that its commitment to self again. Make up and go on living. HON. DOUGLAS WALGREN U.S. agriculture must be based upon more " If he has a gun, the effort, the discharge OF PENNSYLVANIA than proclamations and should reflect a of aggression-which is the essential part of determination to keep American farmers it-is so minimal and yet the destructive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and ranchers safe, economically stable, effects are so tremendous." Tuesday, March 27, 1979 and productive.• Secondly, he points out the rarity of actual imposition of severe penalties such as life e Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, on imprisonment or the death penalty in deal Wednesday, March 21, I testified before ing with habitual killers. the Subcommittee on Water Resources of "One of the problems with our system of GUN CONTROL the Public Works Committee concerning punishment," he said, "is that the more the Saw Mill Run flood control project. severe the penalty, the less likely it is to be imposed." I made this statement on behalf of the HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN And finally, he said that many killings residents of the West End area of the OF CALIFORNIA could be prevented by confining and treating city of Pittsburgh. The citizens of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the mentally disordered persons who have the West End have worked hard over the pot ential to become killers. last decade to revitalize their neighbor Tuesday, March 27, 1979 "Our whole approach is irrational," he hood and have proven the economic and e Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, said. "We do it only retrospectively. In order social benefits that would flow from the to attract the attention of the criminal jus since I was first elected to Congress, in t ice system, you have to commit the act first. completion of this project. 1962, I have supported stronger gun con "Nobody looks at the people in a rational I would like to bring my statement to trol laws, as have sizable majorities on way. Homicide is not being studied. It's being the attention of my colleagues: most public opinion polls whenever this only condemned. That will not make it go THE SAW MILL RUN FLOOD PROJECT issue is raised. away." e Mr. Chairman and Members of the Sub A willful minority has been able to committee: I am grateful for this opportu block passage of effective legislation. nity to appear before the Subcommittee on Meanwhile, the toll of gunshot slayings Water Resources to present the case for the continues to mount. Many of the killings SIXTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE Saw Mill Run Flood Project in the West End take place only because a firearm is in BYELORUSSIAN DEMOCRATIC RE area of the City of Pittsburgh. stantly available. PUBLIC This is a small project as flood control projects go, requiring an investment of only Dr. Emanuel Tanay, a Detroit psy $5.2 million. But it is the last essential link chiatrist, believes that in a domestic fight HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON in a decades-old effort started by my prede when a gun is not handy, "There is time cessor in the U.S. Congress, Jim Fulton, and for the person to become himself OF CALIFORNIA I feel his spirit urging us on today. again * * * makeup and go on living." IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES This flood project is essential because the With a gun, the first blow is often final, Tuesday, March 27, 1979 existing channel of the Saw Mill Run Creek and there is no chance to make amends. now repeatedly overflows its banks in the The San Diego Evening Tribune cov e Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. West End causing substantial flood damage. Speaker, each year, in the month of But the worst thing is that high water now ered a recent talk by Dr. Tanay to the causes the sanitary sewer line to back up Vista Hill Foundation in San Diego. I March, the Byelorussian people from around the world commemorate a special and overflow. This investment is essential believe the article to be of sufficient in to eliminate once and for all a condition terest to include it at this point as an day of freedom. It was on the 25th day that causes this neighborhood to become an extension of my own remarks. of this month in 1918, that the nation open sewer at high water. GUN CONTROL CALLED WAY TO REDUCE LETHAL of Byelorussia proclaimed its independ The West End community has unfairly VIOLENCE ence from Communist Russia and de borne the brunt of wealthier suburban (By Darla Welles) clared the autonomy of the Byelorus growth on the hills of Saw Mill Run Water sian Democratic Republic. Unfortu shed which reaches far into the South Hills. Cutting this nation's homicide rate, ac With new houses, the run-off of rain water cording to Detroit psychiatrist Dr. Emanuel nately, the Soviet army made the reign of freedom short-lived. Ten months later, has come more rapidly-..,.-and as the waters Tanay, could be as simple as one. two, three. rise, raw sewage from these new communi Tanay, who is a clinical professor of psy Russian military forces overcame the ties overflows the sanitary sewer line. chiatry at Wayne State University and newly declared democratic government. In response to citizen organization in the chairman of the American Psychiatric Asso Throughout the years, the Byelorus West End, the city of Pittsburgh has made a ciation's committee on psychiatry and the sians have persisted in their pursuit of real commitment to a strong residential law, was here yesterday to speak at a seminar freedom. At the end of World War II, industrial future for this community. The on violence sponsored by the Vista Hill City has committed $500,000 to move district Foundat ion. the All-Byelorussian Congress convened to issue a second proclamation of inde police and maintenance centers into the West He listed in an interview three steps for End. The City has already invested $1,200,- limiting the number of killings that occur pendence, but this effort was quickly 000 on construction of a section of new in this country, all three of which he con thwarted by the might of the Russian sanitary sewer line that was designed to fit siders t o be "so simple that no one will pay Army once again. part and parcel with the relocation of the any attention to them. The people of Byelorussia have main channel proposed by this project. In short, "Certainly we could reduce our homicide tained a strong desire to be free of the a great investment has been made already in rate by very simple measures," Tanay said. oppressive rule of the Soviet Govern reliance on approval of this project. "By diminishing the number of guns in cir ment. Their relentless spirit and courage The Saw Mill Run Creek is located entirely culation. By keeping in confinement people has remained unbroken in spite of the in Allegheny County with approximately who are habitual killers. By providing hos fifty percent of the drainage basin within pitals for people who are clearly potential constant violations of human rights that the Pittsburgh city limits. The drainage area killers, because they are sick." they must face each day. is 19.4 miles square, the topography is hilly, In advocating gun control, Tanay points For Americans of Byelorussian origin and the flood plain is narrow except where March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6485 it widens to about 600 feet in the West End poses of chapter 2, and notwithstanding any "(2) any determination of such an issue area. other provision of chapters 21, 23, and 24 of shall be made as if this section had not been The Corps of Engineers investigated many this subtitle, if all of the requirements of enacted." different types of flood control and deter subsection (b) are met with respect to serv (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.-The table of mined that a channel modification, such as ice performed by any individual- sections for such chapter 25 is amended by the Saw Mill Run Project, was economically " ( 1) such service shall be treated as being adding at the end thereof the following new feasible and beneficial. The Saw Mill Run performed by an individual who is not an item: Project would provide protection from flood employee, and SEC. 3508. Alternative Standards !or de ing with an average reoccurrance of fifty "(2) the person for whom such service termining whether individuals are not em years. The amount of flood damage would is performed shall not be treated as an em ployees." ployer with respect to such service. be reduced by at least 92 percent. SEC. 3. SOCIAL SECURITY COVERAGE. We are not asking !or government funds "(b) REQUmEMENTs.-For purposes of sub !or re-development. We only ask to remove section (a), the requirements of this sub Section 210 (a) of the Social Security Act a public nuisance and the community will section are met with respect to service per is amended by striking out "or" at the end develop itself. f orced by any individual i!- of paragraph (19), by striking out the period I urge the committee to approve this proj " (l) CONTROL OF HOURS WORKED.-The in at the end of paragraph (20) and by insert ect and complete a twenty-year effort to dividual controls the aggregate number of ing in lieu thereof"; or'', and by adding after solve this problem once and for an.e hours actually worked and substantially all paragraph (20) the following new paragraph: of the scheduling of the hours worked. "(21) Service which, under section 3508 of "(2) PLACE OF BUSINESS.-The individual the Internal Revenue Oode of 1954, is treated does not maintain a principal place of busi as being performed by an individual who is INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR TAX ness, or, if he does so, his principal place of not an employee." STATUS CLARIFICATION ACT OF business is not provided by the person for SEC. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE. 1979 whom such service is performed, or, if it is The amendments made by this Act shall so provided, the individual pays such person apply to service performed after December rent therefor. For purposes of this paragraph, 31, 1979 .• HON. RICHARD A. GEPHARDT the individual shall be deemed not to have OF MISSOURI a principal place of business if he does not perform substantially all the service at a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES single fixed location. COMMEMORATION OF GREEK Tuesday, March 27, 1979 "(3) INVESTMENT OR INCOME FLUCTUATION. INDEPENDENCE DAY " (A) The individual has a substantial in e Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, today vestment in assets used in connection with I am introducing the b111, H.R. 3245, to the performance of the service, HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG clarify the standards used for determin "(B) The individual risks income fluctua OF FLORIDA ing whether, for Federal income tax tions bec1.use his remuneration with respect withholding, social security, and unem to such service is directly related to sales IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or other output rather than to the number Tuesday, March 27, 1979 ployment tax purposes, an individual is of hours actually worked. an independent contractor or an em "(4) WRITTEN CONTRACT AND NOTICE OF TAX • Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, ployee. RESPONSIBILITIES.- on May 29, 1453, Constantinople fell into In order to provide taxpayers with " (A) The individual performs the service the hands of the Ottoman Turks, and some direction and guidance in dealing pursuant to a written contract between the with contradictory, and often oppressive, individual and the person for whom such more than 1,000 years of Byzantine his IRS administrative actions last year, the service is performed- tory came to an end. Soon after, Greece Congress enacted a section in the Rev " (i) which was entered into before the per was also placed in a servitude which enue Act of 1978 that provided relief formance of the service, and lasted almost four centuries. As a result, "(11) which provides that the individual what was left of the Hellenic culture was from inequitable retroactive assessments wlll not be treated as an employee with re for small businesses, the self-employed, spect to such service !or purposes of the forced to be buried in the monasteries and other independent contractors. That Federal Insurance Contributions Act, the or to be passed from one generation to temporary relief expires on December 31, Social Security Act, the Federal Unemploy another by secret gatherings of worship 1979, at which time we must set forth ment Tax Act, and income tax withholding pers and children seeking a knowledge of specific guidelines for those taxpayers at source; and their historic past. In this way, the Hel "(B) The individual is provided written who are not within the "safe harbor" of notice, in such contract or at the time such lenic traditions were maintained, and the the common law. This is a bill that will contract is executed, of his responsibility desire for a liberated Greece was always achieve that goal and, thus, has the sup with respect to the payment of self-employ present. port of many independent contractors ment and Federal income taxes. On March 25, 1821, Archbishop Ger within affected industries, including real " ( 5) FILING OF REQUmED RETURNS.-The per. manos and his fellow churchmen of Agia estate, insurance, and direct sales to. son for whom such service ls performed files Lavra raised their banner of rebellion name a few. any information returns required in respect I recommend this proposal for your re of such service under section 6041 (a) . the sign of the cross-and the Greek war view and possible cosponsorship: " ( C) SPECIAL RULES.- of independence had begun. Although R.R. 3245 " ( 1) SECTION NOT TO APPLY TO CERTAIN IN· the Ottoman Turks were ruthless in their DIVIDUALS FOR PURPOSES OF SOCIAL SECURITY massacre of Greeks, even to the extent A blll to amend the Internal Revenue Code of TAXES.-For purposes of chapters 2 and 21, 1954 to clarify the standards used !or de of executing the ecumenical patriarch of this section shall not apply to an individual the Orthodox Church, Greece was deter termining whether individuals are not em described in section 3121 ( d) (3) (relating to ployees !or purposes of the employment certain agent-drivers, commission-drivers, mined to overthrow the yoke of bondage. taxes full-time life insurance salesmen, home By 1830, she was guaranteed her inde Be it enacted by the Senate and House workers, and traveling or city salesmen). pendence, and the world witnessed the of Representatives of the United. States of " ( 2) SPECIAL RULE FOR CONTRACTS ENTERED rebirth of the Greek nation. America in Congress assembled, INTO BEFORE 1981.-With respect to contracts entered into before January 1, 1981, subpara Yesterday, throughout the Sixth Con SHORT TITLE gre3Sional District of Florida, Greek SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the In graph (b) (4) of this section shall be deemed dependent Contractor Tax Status Clarifica to be satisfied if such contract clearly indi Americans celebrated the 158th anniver tion Act of 1979". cates that the individual is not an employee sary of Greek Independence Day, as well (either by specifying that the individual is as the religious commemoration of the STANDARDS an independent contractor or otherwise), SEC. 2. (a) IN GENERAL .-Chapter 25 of the provided that the notice required by sub Feast Day of the Annunciation. The Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to paragraph (b) (4) (B) is given be!ore Jan United States shall always be indebted general provisions relating to employment uary 1, 1981." to Greece and her people for the prin taxes) is amended by adding at the end "(d) No INFERENCE.-!! all the require ciples of government handed down to us, thereof the following new section: ments of subsection (b) are not met with and as the ethnic programs of yesterday "SEC. 3508. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS FOR DE respect to any service- TERMINING WHETHER INDIVID pointed out, the celebration of Greek " ( 1) Nothing in this section shall be con independence reminds us all of that ideal UALS ARE NOT EMPLOYEES. st>rued to infer that the service is performed "(a) GENERAL RULE.-P-or purposes of this by an employee or that the person for whom bequeathed to the world by the ancient subtitle other than chapter 22 and !or pur- the service is performed is an employer, and Greeks-freedom.• 6486 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 HOW I WOULD HAVE VOTED Resolution 134, amended, to provide for Soviet team that had toppled a number the expenses of investigations and of national collegiate powerhouses. studies to be conducted by the Commit The Sycamores of Indiana State Uni HON. GERALDINE A. FERRARO tee on Science and Technology. OF NEW YORK versity were finally rated No. 1 in the "Yea" on Roll No. 54, a vote on House Nation during the final few weeks of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Resolution 139, amended, to provide season, but many still did not believe Tuesday, March 27, 1979 funds for the expenses of studies and they could carry their success into the e Ms. FERRARO. Mr. Speaker, the fol investigations to be conducted by the tournament, where they would face lowing is a list of recorded votes taken by Committee on Interior and Insular "tougher" opponents. But they did, and the House of Representatives since the affairs. they reached the national finals. 96th Congress convened for which I was "Yea" on Roll No. 55, a vote on House I want to congratulate Michigan State unavoidably absent. Because my con Resolution 140, amended, to provide for for their great victory last night. They stituents have a right to know my posi the expenses of investigations, studies, are deserving national champions. tion on matters coming before the House, and oversight functions to be completed I also want to offer my congratulations I have indi: ated how I would have voted by the Committee on Government to Indiana State, who have a record to had I been present. Operations. be proud of, and whom I am proud to FEBRUARY 27, 1979 "Yea" on Roll No. 56, a vote on House represent in the House.• "Yea" on Roll No. 14, a vote on S. 37 Resolution 123, amended, to provide for to repeal a section of Public Law 95-630 the expenses of investigations and dealing with financial privacy so as to studies to be conducted by the Commit THE TAIWAN ISSUE AND THE SEEK remove a paperwork burden from all tee on Post Office and Civil Service.• ING OF A NO-FORCE PLEDGE financial institutions. FROM THE PRC MARCH 6, 1979 "Yea" on Roll No. 22, an amendment THE AGONY O'F DEFEAT HON. LEE H. HAMILTON to H.R. 2439 that rescinds $37 million in OF INDIANA appropriations for construction of new facilities for the National Institute of HON. JOHN T. MYERS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Child Health and Human Development. OF INDIANA Tuesday, March 27, 1979 MARCH 20, 1979 IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, during "Yea" on Roll No. 42, a vote on final Tuesday, March 27, 1979 the recent debate over Taiwan legisla passage of H.R. 1301 dealing with the tion, there was considerable discussion sale of lottery materials outside the • Mr. MYERS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, over the degree to which the United United States. "the thrill of victory and the agony of States, in its negotiations with the Peo defeat" is a cliche that has been grossly "Yea" on Roll No. 43, a vote on House ple's Republic of China, sought to obtain overused, but it is certainly an appropri a Peking no-force pledge against Taiwan. Resolution 118, to establish a Select ate explanation of the feelings of the Committee on Committees. . members of the Indiana State Univer I had correspondence with the State "Yea" on Roll No. 44, a vote on House sity basketball team, and their fans, as Department on this subject which indi Resolution 156, the rule for the consid the Sycamores suffered their first defeat cates that, in fact, during the last rounds eration of H.R. 2283, legislation to of the season last night in the national of talks with the PRC, such a pledge was amend and extend the Council on Wage championship game played in Salt Lake not a focus of negotiations although the and Price Stability Act. City, utah. United States felt that it obtained a method to insure that Taiwan could "Yea" on Roll No. 45, an amendment After finishing their regular season maintain its own security in the future. to H.R. 2283 that sought to direct the with a perfect undefeated record, the Council on Wage and Price Stability to I attach for the interest of my col Sycamores won their Missouri Valley leagues a copy of a Washington Posted hold regional hearings on matters Conference tournament and entered the affecting general consumer interests and itorial of February 12, 1979, and my ex NCAA playoff with an unblemished 29-0 change of letters with the Department of to enlist public participation to monitor record. They proceeded to defeat such anti-inflationary programs. State. powerhouses as Virginia Tech, Okla FEBRUARY 12, 1979. "Yea" on Roll No. 46, an amendment homa, Arkansas, and DePaul to earn a Hon. CYRUS VANCE, to H.R. 2283 that extends the Council spot in last night's national champion Secretary of State, Department of State, on Wage and Price Stability for 1 year ship game. After experiencing the thrill Washington, D .C. rather than the 2 years proposed in the of victory 33 consecutive times, the DEAR MR . SECRETARY: There has been con bill. Sycamores realized the agony of defeat siderable press reporting recently concerning MARCH 21, 1979 for the first time last night when they what occurred during the negotiations with lost to Michigan State 75-64. the People's Republic of China on the nor "Yea" on Roll No. 47, final passage of malization of relations regarding the Taiwan H.R. 2283, to amend the Council on Indiana State was truly the "cinder issue. Wage and Price Stability Act to extend ella team" of this year's NCAA tourna I would like to know: (a) whether or not the authority granted by such Act to ment. They were cast into that role on a no-force pledge against Taiwan was soug-h.t September 30, 1981. July 26 of last year when head coach during negotiations and discussions with the "Yea" on Roll No. 48, a vote on House Bob King suffered a heart attack and Peking government; (b) if it was, what form Resolution 13 providing for the estab was forced to step down as coach. On it took and what was the Chinese reply; and lishment of the Select Committee on October 11, just 6 weeks before the (c) if it wasn't, why wasn't it? Narcotics Abuse and Control. Sycamores' first game, assistant coach I appreciate your consideration of these Bill Hodges was elevated to acting head questions and look forward to an early reply "Yea" on Roll No. 49, a vote on House With best regards. Resolution 83, to establish a Select Com coach. Although ISU had been selected Sincerely yours, mittee on Population. for the National Invitation Tourna LEE H. HAMILTON, MARCH 22, 1979 ment the preceding 2 years, most "ex Chairman, Subcommittee "Yea" on Roll No. 51, passage of H.R. perts" did not rate the Sycamores as on Europe and the Middle East one of the top teams in the Nation. Al 2774, to authorize appropriations for DEPARTMENT OF STATE, fiscal years 1980 and 1981 under the though Coach Hodges' team began to roll Washington, D.C., March 23, 1979. Arms Control and Disarmament Act. up victory after victory, there were DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Secretary and "Yea" on Roll No. 52, a vote on House still skeptics who would not give ISU the Dr. Brzezinski have asked me to reply to your Resolution 36, amended, to provide for credit they deserved. The charge often letters of February 12 on the non-use of heard was that ISU does not play a tough force question in negotiations with the the expenses of investigations and People's Republic of China (PRC). studies to be condu: ted by the Commit schedule and that they were still un We believe that the discussions on this tee on the Judiciary. tested. These charges came despite the issue have too often ignored the history of - "Yea" on Roll No. 53, a vote on House fact that the Sycamores defeated the our negotiations with the Chinese. I would March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6487 like to review the record on this issue. In the gress' determination to write language as versary of the Proclamation of Inde 1955-513 period, the United States sought to serting the American interest in the security pendence of the Byelorussian Democratic obtain a non-use of force pledge from the of Taiwan. Mr. Carter himself, playing catch Republic. Many Byelorussian-American Chinese. Beijing (Peking) argued repeatedly up, now asserts that the United States might that our formulations on this issue consti even go to war to protect the ,island. But to communities across the country com tuted open interference in their internal be afraid to ask . ... What must the Chi memorated the event on that day. affairs and if accepted would undermine nese have thought when they saw the Car I would like to join in a tribute to these their sovereignty. The United States, for its ter administration tiptoeing so? brave people and to acknowledge their part, would not accept the vague Chinese That question, it seems to us, is relevant fight for freedom from Soviet domina formulations, because they avoided an explic to the way Mr. Teng conducted himself when tion. it pledge the PRC would renounce its right he left. The very next day he attacked the Despite repression, the Byelorussian to attempt to take Taiwan by force. With the United States for bungling in Iran and "for failure to agree, this issue became a sterile allowing the Soviet Union to place a lot of people have succeeded in maintaining and bitter subject between the two countries pawns on the world's chessboard." It is hard their national identity and their desire with both sides accusing the other of using to know what to make of this. Either Mr. for freedom. They have fought at every it for their own propaganda purposes. Teng was deeply disappointed in his talks opportunity for liberation. They are a One of the premises behind the talks in here, in which case the administration's people with a well-developed culture and the early seventies was to find areas of claim to have made history with him is ab a strong sense of nationalism. agreement and to avoid propaganda debates. surd. Or he was led to believe that such at We should continue our support for It was clear in these discussions that the tacks would serve the useful purpose of spur the Byelorussian cause and I would urge Chinese would not agree to a renunciation ring the United States to greater anti-Soviet of the use of force on Taiwan. For the Amer exertions-one wonders in this connection my colleagues to take a moment to re icans' part, we spoke often of the importance how he interpreted being received for his member those still suffering and fighting or a peaceful settlement of the issue; but first American meal in Zbigniew Brzezinski's for the cause of human dignity.• there was no point in insisting on a specific home. Chinese non-use of force pledge as part of The question is not academic. Mr. Teng our new relationship. The Chinese had every is obsessed by neighboring Vietnam's march reason to asume that the U.S. side-if it seri rtnto Cambodia. This may well be the reason ously wanted a normal relationship-was he suddenly accelerated China's drive toward RURAL CAUCUS OPPOSES WEAK not going to resurrect this old dispute. nonnalization last fall. Having massed forces ENED AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT Hon. LEE H. HAMILTON. on Vietnam's border, he is threatening un 'I'hus, given the negotiating record on tohis specified "prudent ... sanctions." Unques issuo from preceding Administrations, it tionably, China has a problem. But so does HON. WES WATKINS would have been useless to make this a con the United States. For Mr. Teng, by coming OF OKLAHOMA dition for United States agreement to nor to Washington as this crisis flowered, did a lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES malization and would have doomed our very clever thing. efforts at the outset. What the Administra If the United States, notwithstanding its Tuesday, March 27, 1979 tion did instead was to get the substantive last-minute warnings, essentially stands stlll • Mr. WATKINS. Mr. Speaker, House equivalent of a verbal pledge on non-use of while China moves against Vietnam, this force by putting a unilateral statement on country will appear as a co-conspirator to the Resolution 173 is a unanimous expres the record with Chinese agreement not to Soviet Union-at a moment when the over sion of the members of the executive contradict it and then, more importantly, to whelming American interest lies in moving committee of the Congressional Rural ensuro Taiwan could continue to defend toward a SALT agreement. Alternatively, 1f Caucus. itself indefinitely by establishing that we the United States steps back, it will appear The resolution declares the sense of would continue arms sales. In this way, we to many, in Washington as well as Peking, the House of Representatives opposing were able to find a way around the semantic as unreliable a.nd weak. Either way, Peking the weakening of the Department of impasse while taking concrete steps to ensure becomes the arbiter of American policy to Taiwan could maintain its own security. Agriculture through the transfer of the an unacceptable degree. Forest Service and the business and in We believe this approach, coupled with Underneath these considerations lies a the political, economic, and military context deeper reason for queasiness. It 1s the im dustry programs of the Farmers Home of normalization, effectively provides as pression that Jimmy Carter has sttll not Administration. meaningful an assurance as possible that gotten on top of the baste ideological split Mr. Speaker, attached is the resolu· force will not be used to settle the Taiwan between Secretary of State Vance, with his tion which fully related why we find the issue. first-things-first emphasis on SALT, and Na administration's reorganization proposal I hope you will find this useful. tional Security Adviser Brzezinski, whose unacceptable : Sincerely, readiness to challenge the Kremlin can take DOUGLAS J . BENNET, Jr., on a gratuitCYUs edge . In the China case, HOUSE RESOLUTION 173 Assistant Secretary Mr. Carter's advisers took different ap Whereas a strong and effective Depart for Congressional Relations. proaches. Demonstrably, he did not demand ment of Agriculture ls essential to the eco from them a fully thought-out and worked nomic and social well-being of the Nation Two WASHINGTON TRIANGLES out policy before proceeding. and the world; What is this new China connection? Is In brief, the capital's liberals, presumably Whereas on March 1, 1979, President Carter it as substantial and help!ul as the admin including Mr. Vance, are scared by how close announced his plans to transfer the Forest istration was proclaiming while Vice Pre the United States has gotten to a regime Service from the Department of Agriculture mier Teng Hsiao-ping was here? Several new with, it seems, only anti-Sovietism on its to a new Department of Natural Resources developments impel us to ask. One ls the mind-although Mr. Brzezinski appears to and to transfer the Business and Industry revelation that Jimmy Carter never asked revel in it. Many conservatives are troubled Programs of the Farmers Home Administra Peking for a pledge not to use force to re by the looseness evident in the treatment of tion from the Department of Agriculture to gain Taiwan. The other ls the performance Taiwan. Jimmy Carter looks foolish for the the Economic Development Administration; of Mr. Teng. questionable management of two critical Whereas the Forest Service and other agen Why was a no-force pledge not sought? Washington triangles, Moscow-Peking-Wash cies within the Department of Agriculture The administration seems to have felt that ington and Carter-Va.nee-Brzezinski. He have done an outstanding job of enhancing since a request was certain to be refused leaves a lot of anxious Americans and for and protecting the Nation's renewable nat and since Taiwan's security did not depend eigners alike right back where they were in ural resources on both public and private on it anyway-it would only make trouble mid-1978, wondering just who's in charge.e lands; to ask. There was evidently a disposition on Whereas the Business and Industry Pro the part of both the m111tant Brzezinski wing grams of the Farmers Home Administration and the moderate Vance wing not to jostle a.re critical to the ab1Uty of the Department normalization, which both wanted for their of Agriculture to operate a broad and com own foreign-policy reasons and which Jimmy BYELORUSSIAN INDEPENDENCE prehensive program for the economic devel Carter wanted for political considerations as DAY opment of rural America; well. And whereas these two provisions of the But surely Taiwan was owed at least the President's reorganization proposals would Americans' best effort to extract the strong HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN severely weaken the Department of Agricul est guarantee. The lapse suggests an almost OF NEW JERSEY ture and lessen its ab111ty to be the overall indecent yearning, if not an irresponsible service agency for rural America: Now there haste. How revealing that Jimmy Carter, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fore, be it. when queried about it at a news conference, Tuesday, March 27, 1979 Resolved, That it is hereby declared to be dissembled. We do not say Taiwan's security the sense o! the House o! Representatives is the worse off as a result. On the contrary, • Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, Sunday, that the transfer of the Forest Service and the disclosure ls sure to strengthen Con- March 25, 1979, marked the 6lst anni- the Farmers Home Administraticn Business 6488 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 and Industry Programs from the Department visibility as a Cabinet agency will make always result in victory for Bobby, but, of Agriculture is unacceptable and, that any the Federal education effort more ac nevertheless he is just as proud just reorganization proposal which would dimin countable and responsive to the Con . having been a participant. ish the Department's resources is unaccept- gress, the public, and the "education Bobby is recognized by his club for able. · SEC. 2. The Clerk of the House o! Repre establishment," none of which wants or his asset by the love and concern he sentatives shall transmit copies of this reso would permit Federal interference in the shows to the club as well as his peers. lution to the President .and the Secretary of schools or Federal intrusion into State .His peers often mention that Bobby has Agriculture." and local decisions. Moreover, by remov maintained above average grades at his Sponsored by the Executive Committee of ing education from health and welfare, junior high school level which has helped the Congressional Rural Caucus: also removed would be the mindset which them and his friends in the right direc Wes Watkins, Chairman; Ed Jones, Vice must properly be brought to bear by offi tion. Chairman; James T . Broyhill, Vice Chairman; Bill Alexander, Gunn Mc cials fulfilling the uniquely Federal re No one better than this young man can Kay, Les Aucoin , John Paul Hammer sponsibilities toward health and welfare. maintain such stature and still find time schmidt, Gillis Long, Richard Nolan.e The current Federal educational struc to show his respect for his parents, who ture -is scattered in over 40 Federal de he brags so much about. partments and agencies and leads to a Bobby Powell is a young man who is A DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION lack of coordination of the Federal edu highly recommended and in our opinion cation effort. A Department of Educa very much entitled to this award.• tion will put in place an effective man HON. CARL D. PERKINS agement structure, conducive to more OF KENTUCKY · efficient delivery of services to States, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES local government agencies, and public EXPRESSION OF REGRET AT THE Tuesday, March 27, 1979 and nonpublic institutions. It would also RESIGNATION OF GSA ADMINIS provide the opportunity to reduce mas TRATOR SOLOMON e Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, 78 Mem sive paperwork requirements and dupli bers of the House of Repr~sentatives cative regulations which have evolved in have joined in cosponsoring H.R. 2444 the past from low-level Federal educa HON. WILLIAM HILL BONER which establishes a separate Cabinet tion officials each operating separately OF TENNESSEE level Department of Education. and independently with no accountabil IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I take this opportunity to briefly de ity to one education official. Tuesday, March 27, 1979 scribe for my colleagues what H.R. 2444 Not only will H.R. 2444 improve the would do and why its enactment is so management and efficiency of the Fed • Mr. BONER of Tennessee. Mr. desperately needed. eral Government's limited but necessary Speaker, I rise this morning to express The proposed Department of Educa role in education, but it will also go far my regret and sense of loss for our Na tion would include more than 150 pro toward improving the management of tion at the resignation of an honest, effi grams currently housed in HEW and six health and welfare programs. Taking the cient, and dedicated public servant, Jay other Federal agencies and approxi "E" out of HEW will enable the Secre Solomon, Administrator of the GSA. mately 16,000 employees. The new De tary of the Nation's largest department In less than 2 years, Administrator partment's budget of over $13 billion CHEW) to devote more scrutiny, over Solomon has attained national recogni would be larger than five other existing sight, and attention to the growing prob tion for his leadership in the self-investi departments-Energy, Justice, Com lems of welfare and health. gation and internal housekeeping relat merce, Interior, and State. However, H.R. New challenges and demands created ing to the recent troubles experienced by 2444 provides for no new program au by declining enrollments, shifting popu his agency. thority. It would simply consolidate lation patterns, local property tax re Typical of the acclaim his efforts have existing programs, personnel, and funds. volts, failing confidence in public educa inspired are the comments of the chair Maj or components of the new depart tion, and high dropout rates will require man of the House Committee on Govern ment would include: Office of Education, the Federal Government to more effec mental Operations, the Honorable JACK National Institute of Education, and tively manage existing resources and BROOKS: Office of Assistant Secretary for Educa existing programs if education is to ful I have had occasion to work closely with tion, all currently comprising the Edu fill the fundamental role in personal and a number of GSA Administrators, and I can cation Division of HEW; the education technological advancement it has played say without hesitation that Jay Solomon ls related activities of the Office for Civil traditionally. . one of the very best we have had. Rights in HEW; the college housing loan While a Department of Education can Jay Solomon has drawn upon the program in HUD; the overseas depend not in and of itself solve all our educa strength of the private sector to reform ents' schools in the Department of De tional problems, it would be a giant step GSA's administrative management prac fense; the nursing and health profes toward improving the education of all tices and assure more efficiency and sions student loan programs in HEW; citizens of this Nation by enabling the economy in Government. Blue ribbon the law enforcement student loan pro Federal Government to assist more effec panels, with members from the leader grams in the Department of Justice; the tively State and local agencies to meet ship of the Nation's institutions, univer migrant education programs in the De their needs.• sities, and businesses, were convened partment of Labor; the telecommunica under his leadership to examine GSA's tions nonbroadcast programs in HEW; practices and advise the Administrator certain science education programs in on such things as construction rules, the National Science Foundation; the ROBERT POWELL, BUENA PARK leasing practices, architect-engineer se USDA Graduate School; and special in BOYS' CLUB BOY OF THE YEAR lection, management of the stockpile and stitutions for which HEW exercises strategic materials, disposal of surplus budgetary oversight, including Howard property, financial management, and re University, Galla.udet College, the Amer HON. JERRY M. PATTERSON organization. ican Printing House for the Blind, and OF CALIFORNIA The Administrator has brought the the National Technical Institute for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agency to the forefront in President Deaf. Tuesday, March 27, 1979 Carter's urban policy program, made The Department of Education will not GSA a leader in historic preservation increase the bureaucracy or increase the e Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Speaker, no and energy conservation. Federal presence in the classroom. In matter how many things that Bobby During his tenure, Federal buildings deed, the new· department will be an Powell has to do during his busy sched throughout the country have been made additional deterrent to Federal control ule, he somehow finds the time to make accessible to handicapped persons; public of education. H.R. 2444 specifically pro his daily contribution to the boys' club. buildings have been made available to the tects the rights of States and local gov Words such as courtesy, understand citizens for use after normal office hours ernments to determine their own edu ing, and ambition can only begin to de by civic and community activities; and cation needs and policies and specifically scribe this energetic young man. excellence in design and landscaping prohibits Federal intrusion in those Playing in tournaments against other have become a way of life in the Federal areas. In addition, the Department's very members and other boys' clubs may not Government. March 2·1, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6489 W.olf Von Eckart of the Washington Let there be peace on Earth. California in 1976 turned up an alarm Post wrote of Solomon's efforts: And let it Begin with Sadat.e ing fact. Rand reported that some area Now we have a G.S.A. Administrator, Jay physicians were responding to escalating Solomon, who is enthusiastically devoted to malpractice insurance costs by going good art and architecture. Solomon believes bare, that is practicing without any in that integrity and quality in government MEDICAL AND LEGAL PROFES surance. In some parts of California the buildings can do much to restore integrity SIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE study found that up to 25 percent of and quality in American life. TAX EQUITY ACT the physicians had no commercial cover This, I believe, characterizes the tenure age. The national average is believed to of Administrator Solomon. be between 10 and 15 percent. Prior to becoming GSA Administrator, HON. DONALD J. PEASE It is our feeling that our legislation, Jay Solomon was chairman of the board OF OHIO which we have nicknamed "Malplite," of Arlen Shopping Centers Co., vice pres IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES would be of direct assistance to physi ident of Arlen Realty & Development Tuesday, March 27, 1979 cians who are struggling to cope with Corp., and also a member of the board rising malpractice insurance rates. By of Arlen Realty, Inc. •Mr. PEASE. Mr. Speaker, I am today setting up a mechanism that helps doc . Following his graduation from Van introducing the Medical and Legal Pro tors to establish and maintain reserve derbilt University in Nashville, Tenn., fessional Liability Insurance Tax Equity funds we give them a tool to help con Solomon joined in the operation and Act, H.R. 3259. The gentleman from trol rising insurance costs. As physicians management of the theater chain his Washington MILLICENT FENWICK. I urge you and all through" (approximately five million dol advance. In America, freedom of speech has our colleagues to read it. lars inherited from her motht>r who died 6496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 in the sinking of the Lusitania when Milli "That's what I thought of men," Fenwick pen or a plaque, cutting a ribbon or shaking cent was 5), Fenwick left Vogue determined shot back. "And I hope for your sake, you hands. What little news there is seems pre to do nothing more than gardening, needle haven't been disappointed as many times selected by computer to pat the sender on work and, perhaps, in time, some writing. as I've been." the back and not alarm the natives. But lt was not to be. Politics had always When, shortly after her arrival in Wash Then there is the newsletter which Fen been a consuming interest; she had served ington in January 1975, she repeated that wick writes herself every other week-simple, as a Republican State Committeewoman, story at a Washington Press Club dinner, the informative, personal reports that approach been active in local affairs, and-as an ar "pipe-smoking grandmother" (as she had mini-essays-on global issues such as dent Willkie supporter-had taken time off come to be called) became an overnight sen human rights and energy, but also reflections from Vogue to attend the 1940 Republican sation. (Fenwick switched from cigarettes in on volunteerism; about a stimulating uni National Convention. 1965. Four years later, preparing for her first versity debate she attended or provocative "At a meeting of the National Conference Assembly race, the county chairman informed testimony (unreported elsewhere) given be of Christians and Jews, Judge Proskauer had her that such an eccentricity would have to fore a subcommittee on which she serves. Or told a story about crossing the plains with go-"! was holding my pipe by my side and about a book she's just read. The style is Al Smith in the 1928 Presidential campaign. I thought he was pointing to my shoes. serious but straightforward, peppered with There is a string of hills that surrounds 'These fiats,' the fledgling asked wickedly, 'my quotes from Whitman .and Yeats, urban Oklahoma City and as the train went dear, you don't like them?' "-The pipe planner Jane Jacobs and philosopher William through a gap in the hills, on every one there stayed. The shoes too.) James, Woodrow Wilson ("The business of was a fiery cross. And when they got to the If tout Washington expected Fenwick's bon government is justice.") and Mark Twain station, there was just one person waiting mots to spice their breakfast reading they ("Congress is the only clearly defined Ameri to receive Al Smith-a young lawyer named were set for disappointment. A confessed can criminal class.") Wendell Willkie." workaholic who rises at 5 :30 a.m. (she rents "a four-room dump of a house half a block On this morning-speaking extemporane Fenwick-with patrician accents, with ously as .always-Fenwick shared her frustra flawless timing, with a voice as rich and sa from the office") she is at her desk by 6:30. vory as plum pudding-serves up the anec Her business day runs to about midnight and tion over a problem that had come to her dote with the grace of a master storyteller. she attends evening functions only when con in the mail. A man in her district, whose vinced they're relevant to her work. mother is a Medicaid patient in a nursing After a knowing pause to allow the drama to home, was distraught after learning that her if It was working the day shift in the House sink in, she smiles as the story was but a visits home every Sunday would have to stop. joke on herself, "So I was for Wendell which next brought her to national atten wm According to federal regulations, no patient kie!" tion. When Wayne Hays, then the powerful Back home in Bernardsville, Fenwick and feared chairman of the Administration could be absent from facilities more than 18 worked diligently for civil rights, for legal committee sought to feather the members' days a year--even if their health permitted. aid and prison reform, and held a variety of nests via increased expense funds. Fenwick's "Perfectly ridiculous! I couldn't believe state and local posts. In 1969, she was asked moral feathers were ruffled. She called for that a program designed to help people was to run for the State Assembly, and was public debate. acting in such a cruel and arbitrary way. elected. Hayes unleashed his thunder. "If the Re Who does it hiarm if grandparents can get It was an invitation she had been waiting publicans think their expense allowance is out to church or to see their grandchildren for for 12 years. too large,'' he shouted at her, "I can reduce or to visit their friends? No one! The family "In 1957, a young man was brought to see it for them. I can strip them of their staffs." benefits. So does the nursing home; they me to find out what I thought of him as a can rotate their staff. And it isn't going to "Mr. Chairman," the newcomer replied cost the taxpayers a dime. candidate. I thought how I'd love to be in his coolly. "I did not expect to hear threats ... shoes. But it never occurred to me to say so. when an amendment is offered . . . in the "The agencies are out of control," Fenwick I never thought it appropriate. I was just hope that it will provide good government. said, her voice rising. "They are becoming too shy." I think we have heard something today for the enemies of the people .... Please, if you She was less shy 10 years later when she which we are all going to be sorry and have parents in nursing homes, write t o me. asked her mayor to submit her name for the ashamed." Write to me, it will strengthen my hand." Assembly seat. He did but she was not even Hayes stripped his remarks from the rec Fenwick had heard from her constituent considered. ord but his provision passed. .at the end of February. The following week "It was just dropped right in front of ma." HEW Secretary Joseph Califano heard from Fenwick recalls, still stung, "and I was too Though columnist Mary McGrory wrote her. When we talked in April in her district timid, too ridiculously taking-the-back of Fenwick's "genuine courage," some House and n.gain in July in Washington, she still seat-as women have automatically done for colleagues snickered and still think of her as had received no answer. She had been in too long-to do anything about it. I did that naive. Once, appearing on "Meet the Press," touch with others in the department and was over and over." Fenwick, who introduced the legislwtion that searching for new contracts, asking reguliarly But she learned. And in 1974, eager to run provides for the monitoring of the 1975 Hel of sympathetic sources, "Isn't there anybody for Congress, she entered the Republican sinki Accords, was interrupted by the mod in HEW with a heart?"-and springing into primary and won-by 84 votes. (Fenwick erator who commented that she had twice action with each new name. had been re-elected to the Assembly in 1971 used "a word that we don't hear very often Finally on a Wednesday morning in Sep but resigned the following year to become on this show." The five-letter word that tember, her patience at an end, she called director of New Jersey's Division of Consumer startled Bill Monroe was "honor." one of Califano's top aides and announced Affairs, a position she held for 15 months It wasn't the word but the intensity with she was going to the press. On Friday, the until she set her sights on Congress.) which Fenwick said it. Fair words dribble 18-day regulation was lifted. In what The New York Times hailed as a from politicians' lips like so many frogs mas It is typical of Millicent Fenwick, who "geriatric triumph" (a phrase she takes wry querading as princes. But when Fenwick wears her own good heart on her sleeve, that delight in repeating) , Fenwick defeated her speaks of honor and of justice (and she does while pleased with the final result of her ac 37-year-old Democratic opponent with 55 % often) one knows she means it; she is tion, she resented having to issue a threat. of the vote. Since then her popularity has credible. "I hate people throwing their weight soared. In 1976, she captured over two-thirds I first met Millicent Fenwick at 8 a.m. on around," she says sternly. But she brightens of the vote and won re-election to her third a spring morning at Sears in Livingston, N.J., quickly, claps her hands like a schoolgirl, term this past November receiving 73 % of where she had been invited to speak to the and tears into a description of a new bill the votes cast. employes and answer their questions. she's introduced that would provide an al Though not identified as strongly with She is tall and lean with a natural ternative for the 400,000 persons now in feminist concerns as some of her contempo tendency to stride. Her gray hair is worn nursing homes (under Medicare or Medicaid) raries (Bella Abzug, Elizabeth Holtzman). gently pulled back in a roll that would be who don't need round-the-clock supervision she has been a dedicated campaigner for the dowdy on a less elegant woman: on Fenwick or nursing care of any kind. Equal Rights Amendment and was a major it translates as classic. She has a splendid "They simply have no other pl9.ce to live. figure in the successful fight to prevent the laugh and keen gray-blue eyes that never And the expense to the public ls consider Republican leadership from chipping ERA entirely lose a certain sadness. able: in New Jersey, it runs between $900 out of the party's 1976 platform. A member Meeting the citizens is an activity she and $1,200 a month for each person in an of the Congressional Women's Caucus, and relishes. (On a previous visit here, the man institution. one of the cosponsors of the bill extending ager tells me, she held her audience spell- "Suppose we took half and, holding to the the deadline for ratification, her on-the-spot bound.) Many of those gathered in the same requirements, gave it directly to the lobbying helped push it through the House lunchroom are her constituents; they know people themselves as a. tax-free stipend. With Judiciary Committee. their Congresswoman from her biweekly an extra income of $6,000 a year, they might The ERA also triggered a particularly newsletter. be able to live with family and a social work choice Fenwick retort in the New Jersey As Congressional newsletters are, as a rule, as er could visit monthly to make sure all is sembly. As tempers and temperatures rose distinctive as ap.:utment leases. And make well. For those with no relatives, I have a during debate, so did an exasperated male a~ good reading. Cranked out by staffers once picture of two wonderful old girls in a two colleague who declared, "I always thought or twice a year (more often when an election bedroom apartment and a wonderful old women were meant to be kissable, cuddly, looms), they are heavily laced with pictures boy living together with a combined tax-free and sweet-smelling.'' of the senator or representative receiving a income of $18,000 a year. March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6497 "My only worry is those who want the gov is a. sin"-will again happily limit her cam myself felt as a Representative. Lacey's so ernment to use the money to hire home paign budget to fueling up her light-blue candid and frank and so nice a.bout giving makers. It's all wrong! If we're going to talk Chevy and driving off to every meeting in a job to the woman (Joanie Cacus) who about the dignity and independence of old sight. worked for her opponent. God. I like that age, J.et's give that money directly to the peo woman but I don't dare call him up." ple who need it--and not fuel one more A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLER group of what Herman Badillo calls "poveri On Congressional opposition to abortion: ticians." I respect right-to-lifers but the Hyde Fenwick feels confident that demonstra amendment (which strictly limits the use of A MATTER OF CONSCIENCE tion projects will eventually prove her case. Medicaid funds for abortion) is not respect But another pet bill-which would clip able. Nor is Mr. Califano's jaunty contemptu House members of their cut-rate barbershop ousness of the needs of poor women. . . . I HON. DON YOUNG and beauty salon, turning the establishments think it's a. psychological thing. Men have over to private contractors-may not fare so little to do with pregnancy after all and OF ALASKA. as well. they can't bear to have their plans frustrated. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Can you imagine," she says, her voice On women and politics: Tuesday, March 27, 1979 trembling with indigation, "25 hairdressers I detest group judgments-women do this, for 18 women? And the women voted for it. men do that; Jews do this, black do that. It •Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, a Every single darn one of them. It broke my offends me. But I've observed that women in number of my colleagues have taken the heart. political office have more common sense than :floor in the past to denounce trapping. In " 'This is not Buckingham Palace,' I told men do. They a.re not crazy about filling them. 'We should not have resident hair organizational charts with expensive direc addition, on at least two occasions, an dressers.' tors and sub-directors and assistant direc editorial entitled "Trapped" which was "(Rep. Morris) Udall said as long as the tors, each with an office, secretary, tele printed in the New York Times last men have barbers, he didn't see why I was phones, pension and health benefits, etc. month has been inserted in the RECORD. so excited. And besides the best lobbyist in They care less a.bout a. huge program with I take the :floor today to offer a different the world told him to vote for it--meaning their names on it than a. program that will point of view and one which looks at the his wife. I'm fed up with that kind of patron work.... I remember when President Ken izing! facts, rather than the emotions, of the nedy said we must go to the moon. Well, if trapping issue. "Someone added that the public comes in a. woman had been President, we might now too. What of it? Why shouldn't they pay have garbage recycling in every county in I am formerly a trapper myself, so I what everyone in Washington pays? We this nation. We still don't know what to do am personally familiar with what is in should see that the workers have decent with waste.... Maybe when women get into volved in running a trapline. It is not health coverage and wages and charge the seats of power, when we have a. long something that is done for fun, or to pre enough to cover them. theoretical past, and are accustomed to be serve an image of masculinity, or to de "One Congresswoman testified that men ing the head of MIT, that will change. May were having permanent waves in the beauty liberately inflict harm on animals. Trap be we won't b~ so damned practical. salon so it wasn't just for women. God Al ping is a valid game management tool On privacy: that is recognized by wild life managers mighty! You poor public!" I wrote about my pacemaker (the opera New Yorkers who witnessed Rep. W1lliam tion was performed in 1975) and it was the throughout the Nation. In my State of Green and Democratic challenger Carter most popular newsletter I'd written. I sup Alaska, where we have many full-time Burden spend $1.5 million between them in trappers, furs are sold in order to earn a a. fight to represent the 18th C.D. (Man pose I should talk more about such things hattan) or read of W1lliam Woodward's un but I have a sense of privacy. When I was living; without them, there would be no successful race for the State Senate (esti young, you didn't even say someone was money for clothing, heating oil, tools, et mated cost $500,000) may grow restless as yet having a. baby. Sex was a. word that I had to cetera. When traps are used and set another millionaire cries out for public train myself to say. properly, they catch animals without financing of campaigns. But M1llicent Fen On male poll ticians: harming the pelt; death is inflicted in wick can point proudly to a. record of I said to a man once, "You should never have put that man above that woman; she's the most humane way possible by the frugality. trapper. Under proper State regulation "I never spent a. dime until I ran for Con far more able and has worked much harder." gress-except for gas. When I was running He said, "Oh, he's had business reverses; I traplines must be checked frequently for the Assembly, I simply went around to had to help for psychological reasons." "What enough so that the horror stories we every meeting in sight. I'd always contributed a.bout her psychology?" I said, "How do hear of animals chewing off the trapped to my local county party; so when my name you know she hasn't had a terrible divorce leg do not occur. Frankly, trapping is as was added to the slate, I was in all the bro or her husband beats her?" It doesn't occur humane, if not more so, than the daily chures they sent out. I do no mailings of to them. They think men's problems are real slaughter of cattle and hogs, which we my own." and women's problems simply don't exist. On youth and age: all depend upon for our meat. Planning to run for a. third Assembly Finally, let me answer a final criticism term, Fenwick lost all sense of proportion I see photographs of myself, I don't feel and forked over $37.50 for several hundred very attractive, but I don't care. When you that is frequently made that trapping ball point pens marked "Millicent Fenwick, get to your 60s, the most glorious thing hap will harm endangered species. The En Assemblyman.'' She became Consumer Di pens-you don't give a damn. People keep dangered Species Scientific Authority rector instead and still has the pens. telling poor tortured teenagers that that's which was established by the Federal "The biggest ill we still tolerate is large the happiest time of their lives. It's the Government to monitor U.S. actions un campaign contributions from special inter meanest thing you can say. It's the most der the Convention on International ests. I once asked a. colleague, 'What are you wretched time-you haven't found yourself; you don't know where you're going; you feel Trade in Endangered Species, has found going to do on the veto override tomorrow?' that lynx, a commonly trapped species 'What do you think I'm going to do?' he everything is an opportunity you'll miss. But replied. 'I took $58,000 from such and such a now I go anywhere I want, I come home when in Western States, is being subject to in group; they want it' That's terrible!" And I feel like it, I don't need an escort. It's creasingly less trapping pressure and the Congresswoman's low voice takes on the the most marvelous freedom and nobody may in fact be increasing in numbers. rising rumble of a kettle drum. ever talks enough about it. The following editorial, published in Fenwick's rules for her own Congressional On Doonesbury: Ever since Rep. Lacey Davenport (R-Calif.) Tempo, the official magazine of the Fur, campaigns are simple. "I will not accept gifts Leather, and Machine Workers Union, from business or professional or occupational began appearing in Garry Trudeau's Pulitzer groups of any kind. Whatever personal money Prize-winning strip "Doonesbury," Fenwick serves as an excellent rebuttal to the my opponent spends, I will feel free to match has been taping key episodes to the office New York Times article. I ask that it be with my own money. If my opponent accepts walls. inserted in the RECORD. money from special interest groups, I am Hollis McLaughlin, her administrative aide, finds the Fenwick-Davenport resem The text follows: free to match that too from my own money A MATTER OF CONSCIENCE but I won't go beyond it." (Fenwick does blance "hilarious," and reports staffers enjoy accept contributions from individuals.) "being connected to a folk hero." The leaders of the fur union are contin Her first Congressional race cost $130,000; Fenwick herself paid little attention at ually confronted by the challenge as to the second time she was determined she'd first. "I was told she had a hat and an ador whether they can justify their attachment spend half, and did. ing husband;" I said, "It must be Bella." to an industry that depends for its existence Later, when reporters pointed out that both on the consumption of the skins of furbear After she won nearly three-fourths of the she and Davenport serve on the House Ethics ing animals-particularly when t!hey are ob vote last November, one local poll observed, Committee, Fenwick took a. closer look. tained by trapping. After all, the fur union "Who'd want to run against her?" "I'm crazy about her. I see some of my has a long tradition of concern for human Which could mean that 1n 1980, Mill1cent comic side-he (Trudeau) must have heard ity-whether in the form of the' struggle for Fenwick-who believes fervently that "Waste me talk-and my unexpected ab111ty to make full equality or the fight for peace. How, CXXV--409-Part 5 6498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March .~7, .1979 then, can such a union and its leaders be as the elderly might lead an observer to to perceive themselves as helpless, worth sociated with inhumanity toward animals? believe that Congress had in its files a less, nonproductive, and dependent on The la.test example of this challenge comes in a.n article on the Op-Ed page of the New series of studies showing that although society. These self-perceptions are rein York Times of February 13 by John B. Oakes, it sounds good, counseling is not neces forced by their concerns over health, fear the former Senior Editor of that paper. The sary. But research reveals that precisely of crime, fear of loneliness, finances, article is entitled "Trapped," and it paints the opposite is the case: Counseling can boredom, lack of independence, and be a vivid picture of the suffering endured by and does make a significant ditference in ing rejected by the young. animals caught in the steel leg-hold trap the life of the older person. Depression is a major problem among the target of legislation in a score of states As chairman of the House Select Com aging Americans and the suicide rate of and Congress. Now, Mr. Oakes, is a fine, well-meaning, mittee on Aging, I have come to learn those over 65 is substantially higher than liberal individual. And yet, having said this, that the loss of income, status, com for other age groups. we must add that in this case, he has ac panionship, mobility, and physical well It is important that we realize that cepted a.t face value the unsupported claims being that occur as part of the aging these problems will continue to become of t hose who seek to eliminate the fur indus experience requires numerous adjust more and more widespread in the years try. ments if emotional and physical health to come as the percentage of the popula Does this sound exaggerated? Not at all! is to be promoted and maintained. Loss tion that is over 65 increases and as The anti-fur forces make no bones about the is a predominant theme in later life. Un changing social and economic patterns fact that even if a substitute for the steel leghold trap could be found, they have no fortunately, a rapid succession of losses result in earlier retirement, thus acceler intention of allowing the fur industry to live can leave older individuals with unre ating the point at which Americans con on happily ever after. They feel that it has no solved grie-f, and a sense of emptiness or front these problems. place in our society and that its thousands helplessness. For this reason, it should The solution to many of these problems of workers had better be retrained (we almost come as no surprise to learn that mental is to provide older persons with profes said recycled) for other pursuits. Nor is this illness is more prevalent among the el sional counselors and support personnel blanket condemnation limited to trapped derly than among younger populations. who are trained in human relationships furs. They complain of the crueli ties infiicted Research reveals that 15 to 25 percent and who have the skills and abilities to on ranched animals as well. And when it comes to promoting the sale of "fake furs," of older persons have significant mental help older persons to see that they still they make no distinction between leopard, health problems. Despite these astound do count and that they are capable of mink, racoon, or muskrat. ing statistics, experts agree that 80 per leading rich full lives. Here are a few additional facts for Mr. cent of the elderly requiring mental Therefore, Mr. Speaker, on March 1 Oakes to consider: health services do not have their needs I introduced H.R. 2565 which can be re Every responsible wildlife manager in this met through existing resources. Further ferred to as the Older Persons Compre country affirms that trapping is an essential more, although the over-65 comprise hensive Counseling Assistance Act of tool for proper wildlife management and that about 11 percent of the population, at 1979. This legislation would make badly at the present time, there is no workable best only 4 percent of patients seen in needed counseling more available to older substitute for the steel leghold trap. community mental health clinics and Americans by authorizing an appropria The fur industry is one of the few insti only 2 percent seen in private clinics are tion ()If $45 million to provide grants to tutions in our society that has provided in this age group. funds for research into the possibility of de the States for counseling assistance for veloping a. substitute for the steel leghold Although the need for etfective action the fiscal year 1981 and each of the suc trap-so far to no avail. seems compelling, it is the sad truth that ceeding four fiscal years. These grants None of the furbea.ring animals that a.re older persons historically have not re would be made by the Commissioner of trapped in the U.S. are in any danger of ex ceived and still do not receive the coun the Administration on Aging, for dis tinction. On the contrary, experience has seling services they require. According tribution to State and area agencies on shown that the comm~rcial acceptability of a. to "Counseling the Aged," the first train aging for support of agency counseling fur skin is the best guarantee that the specie ing syllabus for counseling professionals assistance to the elderly. bearing it will be nurtured and developed. Before red foxes were economically desirable, released recently by the American Per These programs would include initia the species in New York State were a.t a. low sonnel & Guidance Association, coun tion and development of counseling as point, both in numbe:s and in health, and selors in the past have typically not de sistance outreach programs for the el trappers had to be hired by the state to har voted much etfort to working with older derly; preretirement counseling pro vest the population. Today, now that long persons. Obstacles which likely contribute grams and job placement services; coun ha.ired furs are popular, red foxes are in to the counselors lack of involvement seling programs for elderly per.sons pre abundance and the strain is healthier and with the elderly include the culturally paring for a change, or second career: sounder. In short, furs, like grown foods and conditioned belief that working with the counseling programs for elderly persons others of nature's bounties, a.re a. renewable resource and the heal th of their bearers de elderly is an inefficient use of time be seeking postretirement employment or pend upon sound harvesting procedures. cause they are destined to "senility," they opportunities for volunteer services: re We humans have altered nature by paving are resistant or unable to change, or they ferral services, including psychological, the animals' habitat for airports, stadiums, are likely to die soon and time is better health, educational, cultural, social, and housing developments. We cannot now, spent on younger people who can make transportation, nutrition, and retirement as the animal protectionists would have us more substantial contributions to society. and social security services: providi.ng do, "let nature take its course" and permit Sadly, a reluctance to work with older professional, trained counselors. skilled the animals to fend for themselves. Nature persons is also reflected in our Nation's in problems of the aging and aged for has far crueler remedies than the leghold curriculum of counselor education pro program coordination and leadership trap-hunger, disease, and the incursions of predators. We would remind Mr. Oakes and grams, until recently, few counselor edu functions in local, State, and Federal all like-minded, well-intentioned individ cation programs addressed the needs and agencies implementing the provisions of uals that unobserved animal death is no more life experiences of the elderly. A 1975 na this Act: providing for counseling for humane than that which we see, and that we tional survey revealed that only 18 out families of sick or disabled elderly per know of no case of a wildlife inhabitant dy of 304, or 6 percent, of counselor educa sons, with emphasis on the families of ing of old age.e tion training programs even otfered elec persons who are entering, residing in, or tive courses in counseling the elderly. leaving skilled or intermediate care nurs The reluctance on the part of the coun ing or convalescent homes; activities de selor and the educator to deal with older signed to bring the needs and problems H.R. 2565-A CALL FOR COUNSELING persons is an endemic aspect of life in of elderly persons to the attention of the ASSISTANCE FOR OLDER AMERI which elderly are relegated to a second communities in which they reside and the CANS ary or i,nferior status with respect to their public as a whole; and the activities of health care, unemployment, social, recre area agencies in the development of HON. CLAUDE PEPPER ational, education and cultural needs. In State plans. OF FLORIDA fact, many of the problems faced by older The bill authorizes an additional $20 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES persons are directly or indirectly related million tfor fiscal year 1981 and each of to the attitudes and behaviors of the rest the succeeding 4 fiscal years for the Tuesday, March 27, 1979 of the Nation's population. purpose of providing preservice and in- •Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, the lack of Frequently, as a result of these atti service training of professional counsel Government support for counseling of tudes and behaviors, older persons come ing and support personnel. These funds March 27, .1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6499 will be granted to postsecondary educa foreword and introduction to "Counsel workers have spent their energies on the tion institutions, area agencies on aging, ing the Aged," prepared respectively by young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and Robert N. Butler, director, National In successful; a. rather elite group that by de and appropriate State agencies for the sign excludes the older person. Most counsel training programs. stitute on Aging, and Mary L. Ganikos, ors have traditionally offered their services Finally, the bill would authorize an editor of the syllabus and director of in the school setting-the population of appropriation of $15 million for the_ 1981 the special training project on Coun which seldom includes the older person. fiscal year and each of the succeeding ~ seling the Aged. I ask that these be in Despite more recent and deliberate efforts fiscal years to provide for a program of serted in their entirety at this point in of counselors to extend services to increas the RECORD: ingly diverse subgroups within the popula demonstration and evaluation to be car tion, including the incarcerated, the handi ried out by the Commissioner of the Ad "COUNSELING THE AGED"-A TRAINING SYLLABUS FOR EDUCATORS capped, minorities, and women, and to train ministration on Aging. These funds for and secure employment in nontraditional would be granted to identify existing ef FOREWORD settings, counselors still have a. dispropor fective practices in counseling older per (By Robert N. Butler, M.D., Director, tionately low number of older people among sons by a thorough examination of the National Institute on Aging) the clientele. To use terms from Module I, state of the art in counseling older per The American Personnel and Guidance As whether this situation arises from "benign sons· identify where further develop sociation has made a significant advance in neglect" or "overt discrimination" (p. 3), the ment is needed in providing effective the field of counseling by providing training result ls the same: the counseling services materhls for working with the aged. Until available to the elderly are in no way as counseling services for older persons; recently, most counselor education training great as their needs. promote demonstration activities in programs did not address the needs of the The practitioner's lack of involvement with counseling older persons through the elderly. The development and dissemination the elderly has been attributed to various encouragement of pilot projects and the of these training materials will do much to obstacles, many of which reflect the basic publication of developmei;ts in multi overcome this deficiency and more itnpor values of society. Among these obstacles is purpose facilities and dehver! systems tan t, provide a model for improving the the belief that working with the elderly is and counseling approaches designed spe quality of training of counselors who work an inefficient use of time because they a.re cifically for the elderly; provide _for the with the aged. destined to "senility," they are resistant or communication of proven effective and Old age ls a period o! many changes in unable to change, or they are likely to die physiological, behavioral, and social status. soon and time is better spent on younger efficient counseling programs for coun These changes often occur rapidly and may people who can make more substantial con seling older persons especi~lly in_ the have profound immediate as well as long tributions to society. areas of continued education, leisure term effects upon children and grandchil Further, many professionals may be per time activities, paid or unpaid employ dren. The complexity and profundity of aging sonally uncomfortable with older people. ment, and vocational retraining; insure ls one of the reasons th9.t gerontology is Counseling the elderly may constantly re that older persons are aware of and can such an exciting and challenging area. for mnd the helping agent that s/ he, too, ls make use of the services available to research. Our lack of understanding of the aging and will someday die. A counselor who them in the community; and develop aging process and society's la.ck of prepara has not resolved his/ her own fears about the tion for the growing numbers of elderly has aging process obviously will not be able to model training programs at the preserv led many service providers, including coun ice and inservice level for professional provide the quality of services and atmos selors, to avoid working with the aged be phere necessary for client growth to take counselors and support personnel. The cause their problems appear so overwhelm place. When counselors' attitudes and fears money would also be used for such p:o ing. This sense of fut1llty ls augmented by a.bout aging even partially impede the older grams as identifying more eff~ct.ive ageism, a.n individual and societal fear o! person's realization of his/ her capacity for methods for the training and retraining growing older that ls expressed in stereo growth, the irony is that the facilitators of counseling personnel working with types and prejudice against the elderly in themselves become obstacles. Counselors older persons; innovative techniques for, many areas, including employment and the need to examine their own feelings, identify ava.ihb111ty of services. The APGA's effort their biases, and come to terms with their and approaches to counseling older per to confront the issues of aging augurs well sons· identifying effective methods for fears a.bout aging. As Module VII stresses, for a.n improvement in the elderly's self an initial and crucial step for anyone pre com~unicating information on how to image and in society's attitudes toward the paring to be a counselor of older people is develop programs for counseling older old. to "know thyself." persons that meet the ne~ds of the ~er The Model Training Syllabus ls compre Contributing to the practicing counselor's sons served and the staff m the setting; hensive and recognizes the need for special lack of involvement with the elderly is the identifying more effective methods for attention to the postretirement period. Pre retirement counseling has value, but it must almost total absence of gerontology in the integrating counseling services into al be supplemented by retirement counseling curriculum of counselor education programs. ready existing services for the elde.rly services for those who have already retired. Until very recently, few preservice training such as legal services, health and nursing Special consideration is also given in the programs in counselor education offered stu care agencies, retirement and social se syllabus to the unique problems of minor dents classroom or practical experience in ities, to group as well as individual counsel counseling the elderly: A 1975 national sur curity service, employment services, vol vey (Salisbury 1975) revealed that only 18 unteer services, and recreation facilities; ing, and to various social and health policies that affect older people. out of 304 (about 6 % ) counselor education and development of multimedia mate training programs even offered elective rials which provide information on such The contributors to this project include courses in counseling the elderly. SimUa.r de areas as availability of work options for some o! the most experienced people in the ficiencien are apparent in the National field of counseling. I am delighted to see the Directory of Educational Programs in Geron older persons, location of community APGA take leadership in focusing this col services availability of and function of tology (Association for Gerontology in High lective expertise on the needs and problems er Education 1976). A practitioner whose counselfng services, and coping with of the aged. This effort should point up the academic training included little or no expe problems common to many older persons. facts that the aged need to h9.ve counseling rience with older people is unlikely to direct In addition to these authorizations, the services available to them, that one can ben his/ her professional efforts toward this pop efit from counseling regardless of age, and ulation. The dearth of aging-related instruc bill also requires that the Commissioner that more qualified counselors are needed t~ of the Administration on Aging, through tion conveys to students a subtle but more work with older people. detrimental message: that the period of old the National Information Resource er adulthood is of little importance. This Clearing House for the Aging, collect, continued exclusion mirrors and perpetuates analyze, and disseminate information re INTRODUCTION (By Mary L. Ganikos, Ph.D.) society's values that relegate the older popu lated to the provisions of counseling serv lation to an ignoble status. ices for older persons. Older people historically have not received Paralleling the reluctance of the practi and still do not receive their fair share of tioner and the educator to deal with the In order that we might now begin to counseling, mental health, and social serv serve those that will otherwise not be elderly ls the reluctance of the older client. ices. For example, only 4 percent of people Most of today's older people do not actively served, I urge my colleagues to join me in seen in community mental health clinics a.re seek counseling and mental health services. sponsoring this important legislation. 65 and over (Cohen 1977). The term "reluc A number of reasons may explain this. tant therapist" coined by psychologist Rob During the formative years, individuals de Last, Mr. Speaker, I would like to ac ert Kastenbaum in 1964 continues to portray knowledge the very special contributions velop a. basic value system, internalizing the most service providers in that they have de values of the society. When the values of made by the American Personnel and voted little attention to the psychological, today's elderly were being formed, engaging Guidance Association in guiding the di social, and basic life-coping needs of the el in counseling or therapy was viewed by so rection of this legislation. Also, I would derly. Opera.ting under the "YAVIS syn ciety with disapproval in contrast to more like to share with all those interested the drome" (Schofield 1974). mental health recent times when obtaining such profes- 6500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 slona.l assistance ls viewed more fa.vora.bly as example, live below the poverty level (DHEW training, and practice, exceptions must be a normal response to a. problem. From this 1977) ; 30 percent live in substandard hous made to accommodate individual differences historical perspective, it is not surprising ing (Dovell & Va.n Horenbeck 1978), a.nd less and societal and cohort changes. The trend that few older people seek professional assist than 28 percent of the elderly who are eli toward early retirement, for example, may ance for personal or interpersonal concerns. gible for food stamps are receiving them lower this figure while the recently passed Older people may also hold the culturally (Butler 1975). A person who is hungry, no legislation banning most mandatory retire conditioned belief that they should be ma doubt, has little immediate concern for self ment might have reverse effects. Further ture enough to handle their own problems actualization. No counselor, no matter how more, because of poor health and socioeco without counseling; that they would be con skilled, can hope to eliminate depression or nomic conditions, many minority elderly do sidered by others a.s less capable or inde anxiety without also helping to resolve some not reach their 60th birthday, and may ex pendent 1f they engage in counseling; and of these debilitating conditions that may perience "old age" at a. much younger chron that by accepting counseling assistance, they contribute to or cause depression or anxiety. ological age. Any definition of the elderly is might be taking the initial step on the road Counseling with the elderly, however, only useful for the aggregate, not for any one to institutionalization. Additional and more must not be limited to crisis- or problem individual. concrete deterrents include the cost of oriented interventions, but should empha The modules: An overview therapy and the lack of access via inexpensive size preventive and developmental strategies The knowledge and skills counselors ac and convenient transportation. Furthermore, as well. The opportunities for counselors to quire to work with the general population older people may be unaware of the exist assist older people to make positive goal apply to the older population. The counselor ence and array of available psychosocial oriented plans for the future are great, par of the older adult first needs general train services, particularly counseling. Since the ticularly in view of the increasing life ex ing in the basics of counseling including but early 1900s, the counseling profession ha.s pectancy and earlier retirement trends. not limited to training in principles of grown from providing primarily academic and Within a. developmental and preventive guidance and counseling, theories of person vocational services to providing a. variety of counseling context older people and future ality and development, counseling tech therapeutic services of a more psychosocial generations of older people can more real niques, consultation procedures, group coun nature in a variety of nonschool settings. If istically look forward to rich and fulfilling seling, tests and measurements, career de older persons are not aware of these develop later years. velopment, research, and so on. These and ments, they cannot be expected to seek the The potential for all counselors, even similar courses representing the core of assistance of a counselor for personal and those who work with the very young, to di counseling are already part of counselor edu interpersonal concerns. rectly or indirectly assist older people should cation programs and are not the focus of Given this triad of the "reluctant thera not be overlooked nor underemphasized. this syllabus. The materials provided here pist" (Kastenbaum 1964), the reluctant edu Promoting positive attitudes about aging, are not a substitute for but a complement cator, and the reluctant client, it is not sur introducing gerontology in public school to the core curriculum and provide informa prising that older people do not receive their curricula, encouraging lifetime planning, tion and guidelines for the educational ex fair share of counseling and mental health helping people to establish healthy coping periences of those training to become coun services. At the same time, older people are skills and to adjust to change are among the selors of older people. subjected to far more than their fair share many ways counselors who work with peo When preparing to be counselor of the of life challenges that threaten their sense of ple of any age can meet their challenge of elderly, the student needs a cognitive under well-being and adaptation. Throughout this promoting the development of today's and standing of the demography and dynamics syllabus the reader is reminded that old age, tomorrow's elderly. that make old age different from other de like other periods, is a. developmental stage Who are the elderly? velopmental periods. Modules I through V of life with tasks to master, skills to acquire, To design training materials directed at a provide an overview of this kind of informa and transitions to make. In this sense little tion: demographic characteristics of the difference exists between old age and any particular subgroup, the parameters of that subgroup need to be identified. Recently, older population that have particular rele other age as all involve development and vance to counselors are covered in Module I, adjustment. In sharp contrast with earlier there ha.s been much controversy among specialists in aging as they attempt to ade and the developmental transitions of old age life periods, however, the latter stages of life are introduced in Module II and addressed in involve numerous adjustments to losses. quately identify the elderly. Even in Federal legislation, old age is not clearly defined and detail in Modules V-B and V-C. Although people of all ages experience has begun at 55 (CETA), 60 (the Older Interplay between physical and mental losses, during the last stage of the life cycle, Americans Act), and 65 (Social Security, and health is significant, and older adults ex losses are ubiquitous and become particularly Medicare). Of late, gerontologists have been perience numerous physical changes that re dUficult when experienced simultaneously or rejecting a strictly chronological definition quire important adjustments. The counselor in rapid succession. "Losses in every aspect of of old age, arguing that factors other than of older people, in contrast to the counselor late life compel the elderly to expend enor birthdays are more salient in the determina of younger people, needs a greater under mous amounts of physical and emotional tion of an individual as old. Such factors standing of the normal and abnormal physio energy in grieving and resolving grief, adapt include but are not limited to measures of logical changes of his/her client (Module ing to the changes that result from loss, and physical functioning, employment status, III). recovering from the stresses inherent in life tasks or adjustments, and self-percep Few theories of counseling or personality these processes." (Butler & Lewis 1973, p. tion, as well as the interaction of these and address the older person. Yet, effective coun 29) . An older individual may be forced to other variables. Increasingly prevalent In the seling must be guided by a theoretical frame adjust to loss of work, income, status, choice, vocabulary of gerontologists are the terms work that permits mediated and orderly designated and valued roles, social contacts, young-old, middle-old, and old-old, used to intervention and precludes trial and error participation in society, home, physical make finer delineations within the older or random counselor responses. Module IV health, mobility, spouse, loved ones, and population. presents an overview of the psychosocial friends. Any of these losses experienced in Despite the variety of opinions and the theories of aging. dividually are difti.cult; encountered in multi minimal consensus on the definition of the Because old age is chara.cteriezd by mul ples as they frequently are, they stress one's term aged, some mention needs to be made tiple transitions, a theoretical perspective of abllity to adapt and compound the normal regarding the people about whom this syl the nature of transitions is provided in difficulties of daily living. labus is written as it would be clearly inap Module V-A. This model should enable the Given this array of real and potential losses propriate to develop training materials reader to better understand the transitions and crises, the need for the counselor with about an unidentified population. Although which a.re frequently encountered in old specialized training in working with the it is impossible that any one definition of age subsequently discussed in Modules V-B elderly ls clear. Contrary to stereotypical the elderly will be acceptable to all coun and V-C. belief, research indicates that the older selors, no less persons in other disciplines It is important for the counselor to under people do benefit from effective, timely, and or the elderly themselves, the following con stand the unique cultural differences of el even modest counseling and psychotherapy, cepts should help to identify the population derly minorities and become sensitive to the that they have an enormous capacity for a.bout whom this syllabus ls written and compounded difficulties an older minority change, a.nd that the presence of a confidant provide a backdrop for the use of these member may experience. Four minority in the life of an older person helps mitigate training materials. The interaction of the groups have been represented in Module VI. against the negative effects of transitions concepts of developmental transitions and Clearly, other groups warrant particular at such as retirement or widowhood (Lowen chronological age seems to present one vi tention as well. Depending on the geographic thal & Haven 1968). able paradigm that counselors can employ to region or the composition of the community, Many of the roles a "gerocounselor" identify the elderly. Accordingly, the popu the professor and student may want to select (Module X) will need to assume and many lation representing the focus of these train other groups for study. of the functions s/ he will need to perform ing materials are those who are experiencing, The first six modules provide information may seem a.t variance with those tra.dl in large part, the development transitions about later life that a student needs when tiona.lly characteristic of the counselor. But that a.re more cha.ra.cterlstic of old age than preparing to be a. counselor of older people. many of the older people the counselor will of any other period, and are over 60 years Once mastered, the student must be able t.o see are suffering not from "intra-psychic" old. translate this information into action. Mod difficulties, but from real problems of daily Although it seems worthwhile to identify ule VII suggests how basic counseling skills living. Sixteen percent of the elderly, for para.meters that lend direction to study, can be delivered in a manner consonant with March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6501 the particular needs and values of the older Whereas conservation, despite government greatest sense of security since her es population. policies encouraging and mandating such tablishment as a modern state in 1948. Older people them.selves can be invalu action, has not been able to keep pace with able in the delivery of counseling services. expanding energy needs and reduce our un The enforcement of the peace will take Module VIII provides suggestions for the acceptably high, from the standpoint of our time and a determined effort by all sides. development of counseling programs using national security and economy, requirements Yet, with yesterday's signing ceremony, peer and paraprofessional counselors. Spe for imported petroleum; a significant first step has been achieved cific guidelines are included for selection, Whereas other basic sources of energy are The courage of the three men who lent training, and evaluation of peer counselors. available domestically which could be uti their names to the accord must be re Because most older people a.re unlikely lized in place of a significant portion of our warded by the peace being a durable one. to seek counseling assistance and because present use of the various petroleum fuels; Monday, March 26, will be remembered many counseling settings are inaccessible Whereas there are two such basic energy to the older person, counselors must ex resources which possess all of the character as a day of peace in Washington and the tend their services to nontraditional settings. istics-magnitude of potential contribution, world. The ceremony yesterday ushered Module IX proposes such environments for developed and demonstrated technology and in a new and unprecedented commitment the provision of counseling services. Guide the industrial capab111ty-needed to increase to peace in the Middle East. Let us pray lines for supervised practical experiences, their utilization without delay, except for that the hopes of Prime Minister Begin a must for all counselors, are provided in bureaucratic interference and confilcting that there be "no more war, no more Module X. policies; An important aspect of good counseling bloodshed, no more bereavement" do in for the elderly is being aware of and de Whereas those two sources are coal and deed come to pass and that this and all veloping an expertise in the procurement nuclear-fueled energy systems: Now, there future generations of Israelis can live in of available social services that can have a fore, be it peace.• positive impact on stress-producing life Resolved by the House of Representatives problems. Further, as an advocate, the coun and Senate of the United States of America selor must try to eliminate, through legisla in Congress assembled, That the President of LIMITS ON GOVERNMENT tive means, some of the oppressive external the United States of America is hereby en GROWTH conditions impinging on the lives of older couraged to adopt and aggressively carry out people. Module XI provides an expanse of a policy for the accelerated utilization of information regarding policy, issues, and coal and nuclear energy on the basis of the the network in aging. highest national priority in order to obtain HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON References the maximum contribution to our national OF ILLINOIS security and economy.e Association for Gerontology in Higher IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Education. National directory of educational Tuesday, March 27, 1979 programs in gerontology. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976. e Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. Butler, R. N. Why survive: Being old in BIAGGI CONGRATULATES PRESI Speaker, I am introducing today the America. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. DENT CARTER FOR CONSUM Limits to Government Act of 1979. The Butler, R. N., & Lewis, M. Aging and MATE MIDDLE EAST ACIITEVE bill, as its title suggests, is designed to mental health: Positive psychological ap MENT set limits on the growth of Government. proaches. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1973. Cohen, G. D. Mental health and the There is no future in believing that elderly. Unpublished issues paper, NIMH HON. MARIO BIAGGI we can allow Federal expenditures to rise Center for Studies of Mental Health and indefinitely as a percent of national out the Aging, Rockvme, Md., 1977. OF NEW YORK put. There is still less future in permit Department of Health, Education, and IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES ting deficit financing to become a legisla Welfare. Income and poverty among the Tuesday, March 27, 1979 tive norm. elderly: 1975. Statistical Reports on older In view of the enormous popular sup Americans. Washington, D.C.: Author, 1977 • Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I was proud port for economy in Government, it is (No.) HD77-20286. to be among those who attended yester the responsibility of this Congress to Dovell, S., & Van Horenbeck, S. The impact day's historic signing of the first Israel of federal housing programs on the elderly. undertake measured, deliberate steps Egypt peace treaty on the front lawn aimed at imposing a stricter discipline Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1978 of the White House. At this time I wish (78-66E). on the budget process. Without such dis Kastenbaum, R. The reluctant therapist. to extend to the President of the United cipline, our spending decisions will con In R. Kastenbaum (Ed.), New thoughts on States my warmest personal congratula tinue to be made in vacuo, without prop old age. New York: Springer, 1964. tions for an unparalleled achievement erly addressing the broader budget con Lowenthal, M., & Haven, C. Interaction and ~nd contribution to the cause of world cerns represented by the aggregates. peace. adaptation: Intimacy as a critical variable. The Budget and Accounting Act of American Sociological Review, 1968, 33, Risk taking is inherent to peacemak 1921 and the Congressional Budget Act 20-30. ers. President carter subjected himself of 1974 were both intended to focus Salisbury, H. Counseling the elderly: A to considerable political and personal greater .attention on the budget aggre neglected area in counselor education. Coun risks in his various trips to the Middle selor Education and Supervision, 1975, 14, East in pursuit of peace. The potential gates and thereby limit the growth of 237-238. Government. But both have failed. As for failure was quite strong. Yet President before, economy in Government remains Shofield, W. Psychotherapy: Purchase of Carter exhibited a combination of cou friendship. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice more afterthought than forethought. Hall, 1974.e rageous leadership and personal convic tio,n which led to the treaty signed yes If this shortfall is to be corrected it is terday. Nothing less than the personal imperative that attention be directed to commitment of the President of the Unit the aggregates at the very outset of the ed States could have achieved this. budget's formulation. At the same time, NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY it is important that we set up institu The dedication to peace was also char tional safeguards against unwarranted HON. MELVIN PRICE acteristic of the leaders of Israel and deficit spending or increases in Govern Egypt. President Sadat and Prime Min ment outlays. The Limits to Govern OF ILLINOIS ister Begin exposed themselves to politi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cal risks in working for this agreement, ment Act provides such a framework. First, the bill amends the Budget and Tuesday, March 27, 1979 and unfortunately the signing of the treaty does not signal the end of their Accounting Act to require the President •Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, under leave ordeal. Yet the simple fact is-the inter to submit a balanced budget that limits to extend my remarks in the Record, I est of peace on all sides prevailed over outlays to 20 percent of the estimated include the following: the risks and consequently peace has been fiscal year GNP. Consistent with his con CONCURRENT RESOLUTION: NATIONAL ENERGY established between Egypt and Israel and stitutional authority to do so, the Presi POLICY peace in the Middle East is closer today dent can later recommend additional Whereas five years after the Arab 011 Em than at any time in recent memory. outlays. ~ut first, the President must bargo, the United States has increased its Obviously, the security of Israel is a submit a balanced budget to the Con dependence on the importation of foreign gress. petroleum to the detriment of both national major concern to the United States. The security and the nation's economy; Middle East treaty promises Israel her Second, the bill overhauls the Con- 6502 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 gressional Budget Act. Concurrent budg new budget authority; 2) the surplus Oil' deficit (if a.ny); 3) the recommended level A former member of this group who et resolutions are divided into separate now describes himself as a "democratic resolutions: A spending resolution and a of revenues; 4) the a.propriate level of public debt; and 5) the a.mount if any by which socialist," Gregory Rose, has published budget resolution. The spending resolu outlays or revenues exceed 20 percent of the an article in the March 30 issue of Na tion, which is acted upon approximately estimated gross na.tiona.l product. tional Review which raises a variety of 1 month in advance of the budget res The Budget Resolution sets forth (consist points that demand further and in olution, sets overall spending and rev ent with the ce111ngs established by the depth investigation. Unfortunately the enue targets. The level of outlays spec Spending Resolution) an estimate of budget FBI has closed its case on the U.S. Labor ified in the spending resolutions estab outlays and an appropriate level of new budg Party, and we no longer have a House lishes a spending ceiling for the subse et authority for ea.ch major functional cate Internal Security Committee to under quent budget resolution. A three-fifths gory, for contingencies, and for undistrib take the necessary investigation. majority is required for the adoption of uted lntragovernmenta.l transactions. the first concurrent spending resolution A three-fifths vote is required for the While I recommend that my colleagues if outlays exceed either recommended adoption of the first concurrent spending read this article, I must suggest that resolution if the aggregate level of outlays revenues or 20 percent of the estimated they consider the bias of the author. exceeds either recommended revenues or While some of the information detailed fiscal year GNP. Subsequent spending 20 percent of the estimated gross national resolutions could later increase the ag product. Subsequent adoption of any spend by Mr. Rose is consistent with evidence gregate level of outlays as specified in the ing resolution that increases the aggregate that I have obtained independently, only first concurrent spending resolution, but level of outlays specified in the first concur a full investigation could document all only by a three-fifths vote of both rent spending resolution must be approved of the material that he presents. Houses. by a. three-fifths vote. The article follows: The following timetable is established for THE SWARMY LIFE AND TIMES OF THE NCLC The budget resolution, which cannot the consideration of budget and spending be acted upon until the adoption of the resolutions: (By Gregory Rose) spending resolution, sets forth spending February 15.-Committees and joint com You meet them at a Republican club meet targets for each of the functional cate mittees submit reports to Budget Commit ing, or a Chamber of Commerce luncheon, or gories as does the present budget res tees for purposes of first concurrent resolu a scientific conference. They are young (mld olution. tion on spending. to late twenties), well-dressed, well-groomed, Because the Limits to Government Act March 1.-Congresslonal Budget Office sub well-spoken. They present themselves a.s is a statutory provision, rather than a mits report to Budget Committees for pur being in favor of economic growth. They· constitutional limitation, it is subject to poses of first concurrent resolution on spend speak of energy produced by controlled ther ing. monuclear fushlon a.s "an absolute necessity review and modification by a subsequent March 15.-Budget Committees report first Congress. I think it is appropriate to if the human race ls to survive the next concurrent resolution on spending to their quarter-century." They say that they repre allow Congress to discover by careful ex Houses. sent the Fusion Energy Foundation and perimentation the most efficacious means March 15.-Commlttees and joint commit need contributions from conservative busi of imposing fiscal discipline on the budg tees submit reports to Budget Committees nessmen who understand the need to oppose et process. The Limits to Government for purposes of first concurrent resolution on the budget. Ralph Nader and the "eco-freaks who threat Act provides such an opportunity. I hope en the grow.th of U.S. industry." They sound April 1.-Congresslona.l Budget Office sub good. You give them a check. my colleagues will give it careful review. mits reports to Budget Committees for pur I insert at this point in the RECORD a poses of first concurrent resolution on the What they do not tell you ls that the Fu brief summary of the bill : budget. sion Energy Foundation (FEF), recently and THE LIMITS TO GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1979 April 10.-Congress completes action on incredibly granted tax-exempt status, is a SUMMARY first concurrent resolution on spending. front for the National Caucus of Labor Com mittees (NCLC ) and its electoral arm, the Declarations of congressional ']>Oltcy April 15.-Budget Committees report first United States Labor Par.ty (USLP) , a self The bill states tha.t it is the responsibilLty concurrent resolution on the budget to their Houses. styled Marxist organization with intimate of the Federal government to: ties to groups as disparate as the Soviet Mis (1) limit Federal outlays to no more tha.n September 15.-Congress completes action sion to the United Nations, the Palestinian 20 percent of the estimated gross national on second required concurrent resolution on spending. terrorist movement, and W1111s Carto's Lib product, except in war or other n.a.tional erty Lobby. emergency, a.nd to seek further reductions September 20.-Congress completes action They a.lso do not tell you thait your contri in spending levels whenever appropriate; on second required concurrent resolution on (2) a.nnua.lly review the ta.x code to deter the budget. bution w111 fund NCLC/ USLP propaganda., mine whether Federal tax rates or la.ws a.re as well as some of the group's other, equally The effective date of the above provisions dubious, undert akings. Nor do they tell you unduly restricting the supply of savings, ls December 31, 1980.e investment, and labor; a.nd to enact such that, not long ago, the NCLC undertook a reduotlons a.s a.re needed to promote the major campaign to penetrate and Influence optimum employment of the nation's human conservative organizations nationwide. a.nd material resources; and Emerging originally as a faction of Stu (3) bale.nee the budget by fisca.l yea.r 1982, THE U.S. LABOR PARTY dents for a. Democratic Society (SDS) during and thereafter to promote a. balanced budget the 1968 Columbia University student strike, a.s a. matter of national policy, subject only the NCLC has grown into an international to war or other na.tlona.l emergency. HON. LARRY McDONALD organization with 1,500 to 2,000 members Provisions OF GEORGIA in the U.S., Canada, Western Europe, and Latin America. Another 1,000 to 1,500 NCLC Title I a.meinds the Budget a.nd Accounting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Act of 1921 to require the President (effec supporters (called "periphery" by the organi tive December 31, 1981) to submit r1n his or Tuesday, March 27, 1979 zation) are grouped around various front or her a.nnua.l budget message: ganizations, including the U.S. Labor Party e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the (and parallel organizations in other coun ( 1) an estimate of the gross national prod controversial U.S. Labor Party, that is uct for the fiscal year; tries-the North American LP, European LP, (2) recommended outlays, not exceeding sometimes known by its original name, and Latin American LP). the FEF, the Na 20 percent of the estimated gross n.a.tion.a.l the National Caucus of Labor Commit tional Unemployed and Welfare Rights Or product or the estimated revenues for th&t tees, continues to attract the attention ganization (NUWRO), the International fiscal year; of people from a wide political spectrum. Worklngmen's Association (IWMA) , the La (3) a. ranking of the President's budget The question most often asked is, "Who bor Organizer's Defense Fund (LODF). the priori ties; a.nd does the U.S. Labor Party really work International Press Service (IPS). and the (4) a. separate repol't identifying those ta.x for?" Committee for Fair Elections (CFE). Its reductions, 1f a.ny, that a.re needed to reduce There are no definitive answers. newspaper is called New Solidarity. The eSltim.ated revenues to 20 percent of the NCLC, along with its fronts, is under the es111ma.ted gross na.tiona.l product for that \Ve know of the U.S. Labor Party's tight control of its chairman, Lyndon H. fisca.l yea.r. colloboration with the intelligence serv LaRouche Jr. (also known by his party name, Title IT a.mends the Oongression.a.l Budget ices of the Soviet Union and of East "Lyn Marcus") , a former Trotskyite who has, Act of 1974 to divide concurrent budget Germany, as well as their more recent in his more modest moments, described him resolutions into separate resolutions: a united front with Liberty Lobby. Never self as "the American Lenin." spending resolution a.nd a. budget resolutlon. theless, this bizarre and enigmatic group Discipline in the organization is strict, and The Spending Resolution sets forth: 1) continue to operate behind a cloak of dissenters from LaRouche's particular brand the aggregate level of budget outlays and mystery. of orthodoxy a.re dealt with severely. Several March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6503 NCLC members were arrested in New York in an effort to prove itself more left than Jones was brought to New York to meet with in January 1974 for allegedly kidnapping a. the Left. In the summer of 1973, the NCLC members of the NCLC Security Staff, and a dissident member and holding her against began organizing the now-defunct Revo plan was hatched whereby Jones became the her wlll. (The woman later dropped the lutionary Youth Movement (RYM) among USLP candidate for governor of Delaware and a source of entree into right-wing circles. charges.) The personal lives of members ghetto youth-gangs, primarily in New York, are extensively regulated by the organiza Newark, and Detroit. In 1974-75 the violence In the June 16, 1975 issue of New Solidarity, tion. Ties with family and former friends are was extended to attacks on trade unionists. Jones' call to "his former comrades in the discouraged. "Unau thorlzed" personal rela Local leaders of the United Auto Workers, American Party and other right-wing organi tions a.re forbidden. Activities a.s varied a.s United Steelworkers, United Mine Workers, zations to join with the Labor Party in its marijuana-smoking and masturbation are and United Farm Workers, to name a few, drive to impeach Vice President Nelson Rock expulsion offenses. Any activity that does not were harassed and beaten. efeller and to endorse the Labor Party's re serve the NCLC's interest wlll generally re In the summer of 1974 the NCLC held a construction program" was published. It read sult in the attention of the NCLC's equiva military training school for selected mem in part: lent of the GPU, the Security Staff. bers at a farm near the vlllages of Argyle and "I ca.me into the U.S. Labor Party for ac In recent years the NCLC has distinguished Salem in upstate New York. Among the sub tion. The Right is divided. It has no national itself from the legitimate Left in the U.S. by jects covered were explosives and demoli program. All I did while a member of the its ascriptions of all secular evils to the tion, small arms, small unit tactics, and mil American Party was go from meeting to machinations of the Rockefeller family, its itary history. The explosives and demolition meeting. There was never discussion of what periodic predictions of imminent apocalypse classes were taught by an NCLC technical really had to be done . . .. We must take our (usually in the form of thermonuclear war), expert who had been a member of the foreign and military policy out of the hands and its perfervld invective. Here ls a small Puerto Rican terrorist organization MIRA. of the insane Rockefeller cabal and put it sample of the NCLC's rhetoric, from the edi Also beginning in 1974, the NCLC cul back in the hands of the people and their torial pages of its theoretical journal, The tivated contacts with Palestinian terrorist elected representatives. Rockefeller has al Campaigner (July 1975): organizations, particularly the Popular Front ready bankrupted the capitalist system. Now, "The world stands on the threshold of the for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) . A he is bringing us to the brink of nuclear war greatest dangers and the greatest promise it close liaison with the Iraqi Mission to the with the Soviet Union. We must follow the has faced in decades. Rockefeller wlll use a.ny United Nations culminated in LaRouche's USLP's programmatic lead . ..." political loophole to try to clamp down his trip to Baghdad in the spring of 1975 at the Jones' appeal met with limited success. police terror regime. His vision ls 1946: ter invitation of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party (IBP) Mary Kangas, identified in the article as the ror bombing of mllllons in Japan, massive to meet with IBP and PFLP officials. Oregon state chairwoman of the Women's European Communist Parties doomed to im In the spring of 1975 the NCLC's focus Federation of the American Party, joined in potence, wllole populations starved into sub began to shift from terrorist contacts to an his call. interest in extremist right-wing organiza Contacts with Roy Frankhouser, an officer mission. Again he alms to be lord of the rub tions and, eventually, in responsible con of the Pennsylvania Ku Klux Klan and an ble-the rubble of Brazil, Western Europe, activist in the Minutemen and the American and the United States." servative organizations. As early as September 1974 the NCLC was Nazi Party, were initially fruitful. However, Or from the December 1975 issue: in contact with Ken Duggan, publisher of disclosure of Frankhouser's role as an FBI "At this moment, the human race stands The Illuminator and head of a radical right informant temporarily took the NCLC a.back. closer to destruction than at any time in its ist organization in New York known as the Regrouping, the organization proceeded to history. The remaining loyal elements of the Provisional National Government. An NCLC give extensive publicity to the Frankhouser Rockefeller political-financial machlne "Security Memorandum" from the spring case, claiming it as evidence of the alleged which once bestrode the world like a colos of 1975 sets out the rationale for this turn: "FBI-CIA-Rockefeller-Buckley" control of sus but now rages in the [sic] mortal ter "Our success in beating back the Fang's the extremist Right. ror of its impending extinction as a spe [i.e., Nelson Rockefeller's] Endgame Scenario Vastly more useful to the NCLC, in any cies-are determined to salvage what they [another NCLC prediction of thermonuclear case, was a series of contacts provided by can by bringing the world to the brink of war] shows the potential impact we can have Ken Duggan. Duggan introduced the NCLC's nuclear war. Under present m1lltary-strate among previously unpenetrated strata. Oper Scott Thompson to Willis Carta of the Lib glc circumstances, such desperate folly means ations reports from our organizers in the field erty Lobby. Thompson met regularly with the total thermonuclear destruction of North indicate growing sympathy for our "Impeach Carto through 1975 and 1976. Sources close America and major destruction in Europe Rocky" campaign among right-wing circles. to the NCLC report that these meetings cen and the Soviet Union." We must move to take advantage of this tered on joint anti-Rockefeller actions and Among the allegations which have situation. Carto's use of his connections to procure sprinkled the pages of New Solidarity are pre "Right-wing organizations offer four op funding for these operations. These sources dictions of imminent worldwide famine and portunities: 1) sources for fund-raising furt her report that Carto's Liberty Lobby epidemics, all courtesy of the alleged Rocke (especially related to our organizing); 2) po was a conduit for extremist right-wing con feller "cabal." The means by which this im litical contacts to circulate our perspective tributions to LaRouche's USLP campaign for pending doom may be averted have changed in anti-Rocky political-financial-military the Presidency, including part of the more with the NCLC's line over the years; what has circles; 3) opportunity to expose and dis than $90,000 used to purchase a half-hour never changed is the necessity that the NCLC credit Rocky's Buckley-FBI-CIA penetration prime-time commercial on NBC on the eve "seize state power within five years." of the Right; 4) potential USLP members of the 1978 election. These allegations are Those who publicly dissent from this and periphery. under investigation by the Federal Election world-view may find themselves, at some "Cadres should be firmly fixed on the poli Commission. point, targets of the NCLC. An NCLC leaflet tics underlying this move : the real enemy ls Other NCLC/ Liberty Lobby cooperation dated April 4, 1974 attacks various members Rocky's fascism with a democratic face, the included Carto's selling of NCLC literature of the New York AFL-CIO Central Labor liberals, and social fascists. We can cooperate through his radical rightist network, and Council as "homosexuals," "perverts," and with the Right to defeat this common enemy. prominently displayed endorsements of the "criminals." These unionists and their fam- Once we have won this battle, eleminating NCLC program in the Liberty Lobby news 111es were subjected to a campaign of obscene our right-wing opposition will be compara pape:', Spotlight. Similar entree was provided and threatening phone calls by NCLC cadres, tively easy. by Duggan into Carto's National Youth Alli orchestrated by the NCLC Security Staff in "Thls project wlll be given top priority. ance and c. B. Baker's Youth Action. New York. Another NCLC leaflet referred to No one can be permitted to block on it. Duggan also facilitated an NCLC opera the president of a UAW local in Toledo in Locals and regions with existing right-wing tion undertaken at the behest of the Ira.qi terms the mildest of which was "Woodcock contacts should TWX names to Security Staff Mission to the United Nations, which asked ---." He and his family were also sub as soon as possible, unless threat of harass the NCLC Security Staff in May 1975 to in jected to obscene and harassing phcne calls. ment is too great. Scott [Thompson, an NCLC vestigate the National Renaissance Party The father of an NCLC member, who ls at security officer] wlll coordinate this opera (NRP). Some time earlier the NRP had pub tempting to persuade his daughter to leave tion." lished an antisemitic and pro-Ira.qi tract, the organization, was greeted one morning Thompson moved quickly to implement and the Iraqis, who could not afford the by a hearse whose driver and attendant had this "Security Memorandum." NCLC orga potential embarrassment of an open contact been told "to pick up the body," an unmis nizers in Delaware had made contact with with the NRP, were interested in the group takable threat. I have been repeatedly at Leroy Jones, an American Party leader who as a possible conduit for propaganda. After tacked in the pages of New Solidarity and had run on that ticket for state senator in some investigation, the NCLC reported back have received threatening phone calls from 1972 and state representative in 1974. While to the Iraqis that the NRP was too small and NCLC members. an article in the June 2, 1975 issue of New unstable to be of any real use. Solidarity emphasized Jones' alleged con A corollary interest of the NCLC's in this This world-view did not spring into being nections with the Socialist Party in the 1940s, full-blown at the moment when the NCLC period was, as suggested above, the Buckley it failed to mention his current (as of 1975) family, National Review, and responsible split from SDS. The NCLC was originally a affiliation with the John Birch Society.• New Left-dilettante study group; it first conservative organizations, which were seen adopted violent tactics in the spring of 1973 by the NCLC a.s instruments of the Rocke with a series of physical attacks on the Com *The John Birch Society has since strongly feller-CIA conspiracy. Agreements were made munist Party U.S.A. and other left groups repudiated the NCLC. with Carto and Baker to exchange informa- 6504 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 tion on the Buckleys, YAF, the ACU, NR, completed, the challengers to Carter's elec 1. The NCLC has a. pecuniary interest in and others. tion have been dismissed. cultivating funding sources on the Right. The offices of National Review and Buckley In connection with the CFE lawsuits, the Contributions to the CFE and FEF, for ex residences in New York City, Stamford, NCLC mounted a major fund-raising drive ample, help considerably to reduce the Conn., and Sharon, Conn. were placed under among conservative and Repubican organi NCLC's opera.ting deficit. periodic surveillance by the NCLC Security zations and congressmen. A staff member of 2. The NCLC has an obvious iJane Fonda and Jack THE PRODUCT AND PROFESSIONAL Lemmon struggled against reckless business LIABILITY INSURANCE TAX EQUI men to prevent a devastating accident TY ACT DEEP SEABED MINING known as "The China Syndrome." And in Washington, D.C., regulators ordered five nuclear plants shut down to avert a virtu HON. THOMAS A. LUKEN a.rt HON. BOB WILSON ally identical accident. How well did OF OHIO mirror life? OF CALIFORNIA The movie deals with the "worst-case ac IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES cident"-a loss of cooling liquid that would Tuesday, March 27, 1979 allow the nuclear core to melt down, burn Tuesday, March 27, 1979 its way through containment wwlls (though • Mr. LUKEN. Mr. Speaker, today I am e Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, for not all the way to China) and endanger sur introducing the Product and Professional too long we have held tight to the reins rounding areas. The movie suggests that the Liability Insurance Tax Equity Act of radioactive cloud might kill everyone in on our domestic mining interests who 1979, along with 25 of my colleagues. propose to mine the deep seabed for the southern California or render an area the This bill would provide the most immedi size of Pennsylvania. forever uninhabitable; wealth of minerals it contains. We have but even a hydrogen bomb dropped on Los ate form of relief Congress can offer to done so out of good faith, believing that Angeles or Pittsburgh would not do that. the many businesses and professionals our neighbors in the world would work Still, the consequences could be horrible who are burdened with exorbitant prod out a mutual agreement on deep seabed enough: thousands of immediate deaths acid uct and professional liability costs. mining activities to the benefit of us all. tens of thousands of delayed deaths from The costs of liability insurance for But even today, as the law of the sea cancer and other ailments. many businesses and professionals has negotiations go forward in Geneva, there The film's villains are the nuclear industry skyrocketed in recent years. The Sub and lax regulators. A construction firm does seems to be little hope of a resolution of a poor welding job, falsifies reports and at committee on Capital, Investment, and the issue, either in the immediate, or far tempts murder. A utllity restarts its reactor Business Opportunity, on which I served distant future. In the meantime, our without adequate testing. The Nuclear Regu last Congress, issued a report concluding domestic mining interests stand idle. latory Commission perfunctorily gives the that in many cases annual product lia Just as we have to depend on foreign plant a clean blll of health. bility premium increases have exceeded countries for petroleum, so too must we Cut now to real life. Here we find the 200 percent. Over the past 8 years premi depend on foreign countries for minerals Nuclear Regulatory Commission shutting um increases in excess of 1,000 percent essential to our survival as a nation. We down five plants because of doubts that their are not uncommon. import all of our cobalt and over 70 per pipe systems are strong enough to withstand For many manufacturers and profes cent of our nickel, minerals basic to the an earthquake. If the pipes should rupture, coolant would be lost and the "China syn sionals, such as physicians, engineers, production of metal alloys. We import all drome" meltdown might occur. and architects, who have not been able to of our manganese, without which we can How responsibly did the real-life players obtain liability insurance coverage at not produce steel. The seabed contains behave? The industry deserves credit reasonable cost, self-insurance should be these minerals in the trillions of tons, thought not rave reviews-for discovering an alternative. However, the law now and we have the technology-right now that a. problem existed. The details are still puts those who choose self-insurance at to become self-sufficient in these areas. murky, but here is what seems to have hap a disadvantage. The Internal Revenue American interests are ready to move pened: Code makes the payment of liability in forward in domestic recovery as soon as Duquesne Light Co., a Pennsylvania utility, surance premiums a tax-deductible ex we give the go-ahead, with the possibility bought some new valves for its nuclear plant pense, but if funds are set aside in a self- of being at a state of full production by nnd asked the firm that designed its pipe 1nsurance trust, there is no deduction al system, Stone & Webster Engineering Corp., the mid-1980's. whether they could be installed safely. Stone lowed. I believe that we must proceed at once & Webster checked and found errors in some The bill I am introducing would cor along these lines, but at the same time of its original calculations of the stress that rect this inequity by providing for the es keep a careful eye on developments dur an earthquake would impose. The utmty tablishment of tax-exempt self-insur ing the Law of the Sea Conference, and pressed for better explanations, and Stone & ance trusts. The money put in this trust to that end, I am introducing legislation Webster kept revising its account of which could be used only for liability costs to promote our domestic mining activity, calculations had gone a.stray. claims and expenses-unless and until while taking into consideration the cur All of this was duly reported to the regu rent law of the sea negotiations. latory agency. Eventually, the two com the business is disbanded. This bill is es panies concluded that minor adjustments had sentially the same bill which our former This legislation is truly an interim solved the problem at Duquesne's reactor. colleague Chuck Whalen sponsored last measure, as it allows the United States to That did not sa tlsfy a Federal inspector, year, which had broad support in the go ahead with a much-needed industry who kept badgering the companies to ex- last Congress. while remaining :flexible to any future in- 6510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 ternational agreements when and if the agency, volunteers, and leaders in the Center for Alcohol Education, Former Deputy progress is made and it is in the interests development field. Their message is clear; Director of Evaluation/ Peace Corps. of the United States to participate. the Peace Corps is a fragile and vitally Cleveland, Harlan (Professor) , University important agency to the people of the of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Af The bill is a measure that balances fairs, Author of Aspen Institute Study of many competing interests and will estab United States, and we must preserve it Peace Corps Under ACTION. lish a sound and rational program for by granting it its freedom. Dawson, William L., President, Program De our domestic needs while carefully ful COMMITTEE FOR AN INDEPENDiENT PEACE CORPS velopment Corporation, Former PCV Da filling our international obligations. I Dear Chairman Zablocki a.n,cL Chairman homey and African Regional Staff. firmly believe that the legislation I am Church: It has come to our attention that Delaney, Kevin, Director of News Opera introducing is the way for us to proceed both the Senate Committee on Foreign Rela tions, ABC TV, Former PC Director and Dep at this time with regard to both an indi tions and the House Committee on Foreign uty Director of Ea.st Africa, Thailand and Affairs will soon take up the Peace Corps Pacific Region. cation of our concern to the Law of the authorization for next year. We also under Dellenback, John, President, Christian Col Sea Conference and a realization of our stand that you intend to consider at that lege Consortium, Former Associate Director responsibility to the future economic time alter~tives for separating the Peace for International Operations/ ACTION. health of our country.• Corps from ACTION. Edwards, Michael W., Senior Editor, Na We would like to add our voices to those tional Geographic Magazine, Former Deputy who are strongly urging the Congress to Country Director Jamaica and Afghanistan create an independent Peace Corps. (1962-1968). PEACE CORPS Prior to incorporation into ACTION, the Inglish, Joseph T., M.D., Director of Psy Peace Corps was one of the most effective chiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical and popular programs our country ever Center, Former Director Medical Programs, HON. DON BONKER launched overseas. We believe that this was Peace Corps. because the Peace Corps volunteers sym Farrell, Joseph, Vice President, Govern OF WASHINGTON bolized our desire to help others on a ment Affairs, Pullman, Inc., Former PC Direc IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "people to people" basis. tor Honduras. Tuesday, March 27, 1979 The Peace Corps could never have achieved Gale, Robert L., President, Association of this degree of effectiveness were it npt able Governing Boards of Universities and Col • Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, there is to conduct its affairs during the early years leges, Former Director of Recruiting and Di growing awareness in the Congress that in an independent fashion, free of bureau rector of Public Affairs. the Peace Corps should be taken out of cratic constraints or the dictates of foreign Harding, Deborah A., Member, Board of Di ACTION, and established as a Govern policy considerations. rectors Peace Corps Volunteer Fund, Former Since the Peace Corps was merged into Director Office of Volunteer Placement/ Peace ment foundation. ACTION, it has lost its visibility and its Corps. In testimony last week before the indepenpence. ACTION assumed total con Hartle, Dr. Janet, Director of Academic Af House Foreign Affairs Committee, former trol over Peace Corps' budget, external rela fairs, Antioch University, Former Chief of Peace Corps Directors Sargent Shriver tions, recruitment, selection and training of Programming and Training Latin America and John Dellenback inspired committee volunteers-in short, over every basic man Region/ Peace Corps. members to take action to preserve this agement function. The position of Peace Lisnow, Harmon, Associate Deputy Comp Corps Director was even abolished. For five troller/ Texas, Former PCV Liberia/Former PC one-of-a-kind program. They presented years, the Peace Corps was not even allowed Training Sta.ff. many convincing arguments for the to prin:t the words "Peace Corps" on a piece Lucas, C. Payne, Executive Director, AFRI Government foundation alternative to of stationery by the new ACTION Agency. CARE, Former Dire~tor Africa. Region/Peace achieve this independence. In recent years, the Peace Corps had been Corps. Among those presented were: plagued with additional problems within O'Donnel, Kevin, President, CIFCO Indus The creation of ACTION, with the ACTION. We believe these problems are tries, Inc., Former Associate Director for inclusion of the Peace Corps, was a delib derived from the fact that the Peace Corps International Operations/ ACTION. should never have been placed within CARE, Former Director Africa. Region/ Peace erate attempt by the Nixon administra ACTION in the first place. Corps. tion to permanently lay to rest the ACTION is essentially a domestic volun Perez, Alfredo, PML Associates Ltd., Former Kennedy legacy which created the Peace teer effort. It was created by the Domestic Acting Associate Director for International Corps in 1961. They maintained that the Volunteer Act of 1973. Its original goals did Operations of ACTION. merger should have never happened. not even refer to the basic international Peters, Charles, Editor-in-Chief, Washing That removal of the Peace Corp.:; from mission of the Peace Corps. ton Monthly, Former Director of Evaluation ACTION, and placement of it within the The Peace Corps' mandate is international, and Research/ Peace Corps. designed to serve the needs of over a. billion Quinbey, Thomas H.E., Former Africa Re new superagency, International Devel gional Director. opment Cooperation Administration, now persons who are desperately impoverished in the developing world. Saxe, Ruth M., Former Deputy Director, on the administration's drawing board, Peace Corps. would be a worse form of subservience. To stress the international character of the Scanlon, Thomas J ., President, Bench Sargent Shriver emphasized that the Peace Corps, however, is not to say that it marks. Inc .. Former Peace Corps Volunteer. same arguments advanced now for "con should become part of any other super Scheyer, Stanley C., M.D., Chairman, Fam agency, least of all one which would make ily Health Care Inc., Former Director Of solidation" were advanced in the early the Peace Corps part of U.S. foreign and 1960's and rejected. Shriver says that fice of Peace Corps Medical Operations. development policy. This would be tanta Steedman, Charles, Assistant Director, Cen any such merger, would, by definition, mount to replacing one form of bureaucratic ter for Research on Economic Development, "kill the Peace Corps." He stressed that subservience with a worse form. Under such Univ. of Michigan, Former PC Country Di the reason the Peace Corp.s works is that an arrangement, the Peace Corps would be rector / Chad & Chief of Programming and it is not like any other Government pro perceived in the developing coun:tries as an Training/ Africa. Region. gram we have, and by merging it with integral part of the foreign policy establish Williams, Franklin, President, Phelps other programs, we regularize it and de ment of the U.S. government. Stokes Fund, Former Director Africa Region/ prive it of its lifeblood-independence. Based on our experience with the Peace Peace Corps. The Government foundation idea. on Corps and our love for it, and convinced Williams, Lawrence E., Secretary-Treasurer, that it can be as important to the American Family Health Care Inc., Former Peace Corps the other hand, presents several distinct people in the future as it has been i?li the Country Director/ Cameroon. advantages. As a foundation, funded past, we urge you to give the Peace Corps Yaffe, Ellen, Former Director Office of through the appropriations process of a fresh start. Peace Corps Management. the Congress, the Peace Corps would be In our view, the most effective ways of ac Yonkers, Charles E., Partner, Sellers, Con able to: attract and keep much needed complishing this would be to create the Peace ner & Cuneo, Former PC Country Director/ strong leadership, maintain its separa Corps as a public corporation with a Board Dahomey. tion from the foreign and development of Directors, and an International Advisory SUPPLEMENTAL LIST Council, as favored by several members of policy establishment, weather the storms the House Foreign Affairs Com.IJlittee. Thomas P . Corcoran, Director of Utilities, of unknown Presidential attitudes to City of Camden (N.J.) , Former Peace Corps ward it. COMMITTEE FOR AN INDEPENDENT PEACE CORPS Director/ Benin, and Former Peace Corps Vol Carrington, Walter, Executive Vice Presi unteer/ Chad. The letter which I am inserting for dent, African-American Institute, Former Di William Dyal, President, Inter-American your consideration today is signed by rector of Africa, Region/Peace Corps. Foundation, Former Peace Corps Director/ over 40 prominent people in Peace Corps' Carroll, Maureen, Vice President, Univer Columbia, Regional Director (North Africa., history. They include former directors of sity Research Corp., and Director, National Near East, South Asia). March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6511 ,Robert Gardner, Professor, Lincoln Uni materialize. On the contrary, gas producers analysts doubt that the lifting of controls versity, Former Director of Peace Corps cashing in on the. hlgher... prices are stash on domestic oil would stimulate production, Training. ing their profits away and showing little particularly if producers are encouraged to Gene Gordon, M.D., Sr. Attending Physi inclination to reinvest their money in explo plow back some of their increased ptofits into sian · Ch1ldren's National Medical Center, ration for new supplies. exploration. Board Member Public Committee for Men For years we have been warning that de One mechanism being discussed tn Wash tal Health, Former Consulting Psychiatrist regulation would help neither prices nor sup ington would impose a tax on so-called to Peace Corps ( 1962-70). ply, that the rosy promises of the industry "windfall" decontrol profits, with a provision Delano Lewfs, Asst. Vice President, C & P were largely propaganda. We were roundly exempting from .tax profits funneled back Telephone Co., Former Peace Corps Direc denounced by the oil and gas moguls, who into exploration for new oil and gas. tor/Uganda, convinced Congress that deregulation was Just before the Arab oil embargo of 1973- Frank Mankiewicz, President, National the key to plentiful supplies of fuel and 74 began, the federally controlled price of Public Radio, Former Regional Director for eventual price stab111ty. newly discovered domestic oil was set at Latin America/Peace Corps. Well, their promises have now been shown $3.40 a barrel. At that price, many producers Nan Tucker McEvoy, Former Director Peace to be as hollow as we said they were: The found it uneconomical to drill and demand Corps Talent Search and Deputy Director of number of wells drilled has actually de was modest, given a cheap, plentiful supply Africa Region. . clined since passage of the gas act. of foreign crude. Melvin J. Mlrkin, Member of Board of SHARP RISE IN FEDERAL PRICE [From the New York Times, Mar ..25, 1979} Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals After the Arab embargo, the Federal price (Dept. of Interior), Former · country Direc U.S. OIL DRILLING FOUND LAGGING--UNCER• rose dramatically, reaching $12.43 last octo tor/Korea. TAINTY OVER DECONTROL OF PRICES CITED ber. This had the effect of touching otf a Joseph Murphy, President, Bennington (By William K. Stevens) drilling boom, as producers went after ex College (Vt.), Former Peace Corps Director/ HousToN, March 25.-The search for new pensive-to-find oil that would have not been Ethiopia. supplies of oil and gas in the United States economical before. Samuel N. Stokes, Director Mid-Atlantic appears to be !altering despite the cutoff of Now, however, according to Fred Mills, an Field Office, National Trust for Historic Pres Iranian oil, which has re-emphasized the na oil analyst in the Dallas office of Rotan Mosle ervation, Former Peace Corps Director/Benin tion's dependence on Imports. Inc., intlation has depressed the "real" price and Former Peace Corps Volunteer/Ivory According to the Hughes Tool Company, of new oil to the point where many produc Coast. the petroleum industry's record keeper . _in ers are aga.in finding it unprofitable to dr!ll such matters, drllling activity has declined new wells. According to Mr. Mills's calcula for nine weeks In succession and is running tions, the real· price of new oil has eroded OIL about 8 percent behind the vigorous pace of from $7.40 in 1974 (in constant 1973 dollars) a year earlier. In Canada, meanwhile, 20 per to about $5.70 now. cent more oil and gas wells are being drilled Some analysts fear that decontrol could be HON. HAROLD E. FORD than a year ago and the pace is accelerating. accompanied by inhibiting features · if the OF TENNESSEE Some of the domestic decline can be at President's forthcoming energy proposa,ls tributed to normal seasonal fluctuations and hinge too much on Congressional action. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to unusually wet weather, industry spokes Tha~. it is believed, would cause further Tuesday, March 27, 1979 men, observers and analysts say. But most delay and uncertainty, thereby discouraging of it, they believe, is caused by contusion new drilling. ·' •Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, over Government pricing policy on natural As evidence for this view, they cite indus it is becoming increasingly urgent for the gas and uncertainty as to whether domestic try confusion over the new Natural Gas Pol Members of Congress to do something oil prices wm be decontrolled. icy Act. The act, which gradually decontrolA about the rising costs of natural gas. I RELUCTANCE TO COMMIT CAPITAL the price of natural ga~ between now and recently introduced a bill to address this ilndependent producers, who drill 70 to 80 1985. was expected to spur drilling for gas. Instead, virtually everyone connected .with concern al:ld solicit your support. percent of ~ll wells in the country, and their investors apparently are reluctant to coin the situation says, so much confusion exists The Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 is over the many gas-price categories that pro not achieving one of its fundamental ob mtt new capital to drilling operations until the questions are resolved in their favor. ducers are reluctaht to dr111. The reason most jectives: increasing the supply of natural "Our biggest problem is capital accumula often cited is that if a producer charges the gas by encouraging producers to drill tion to expand our ab111ty to drill and pro wrong price by mistake, he is liable for eco more wells through deregulation. The duce," Chester Upham, president of the nomic penalties. only thing which is increasing rapidly Texas Independent Producers and Royalty Many observers believe that it is only a is the cost; and supply has only increased Owners Association, said in a recent inter matter 'of time· before the confusion clears as a result of the merging supplies of view. up, but in the meantime the hoped-for surge intra/inter state natural gas. The next few weeks should furnish impor in gas exploration has not materialized. tant clues as to whether the pace·of explora At the same time, surplus gas that had It is an absolute shame that gas prices tion and production will turn upward later been bottled up in the producing states has are eroding the purchasing power of the this year or whether it will continue ·to not begun to move into other areas of the American consumer. While I virtually falter. country in the quantities that had ·been never share the same philosophical per Ordinarily, .the rate of drilling would begin expected. spective of news columnist Jack Ander picking up around April 1. And by May 1, Some such movement took place earlier son, his column entitled, "Cozy Ties of most producers and dr1llers must have their this year, but there has not been much budgets set for the remainder ot the year. since. Again, confusion over the new law is Oil Firms, Regulators,'' which appeared most often cited as the reason. One result is in the March 23, 1979, Washington Post, That is why the next month, and particu larly this week, could turn out to be crucial. that producers who had been counting on did have some valid points we all should On Thursday, President Carter is expected revenues from the surplus gas are not getting review. to make his recommendations on oil-price them. This further discourages new drilling Another article, "U.S. Oil Drilling decontrol. Under present law, he could end according to analysts.e Found Lagging," which appeared in the price controls on domestic oil altogether or March 26, 1979, New York Times, high in phases. Oilmen are banking on full decontrol for lights these same points. Both articles AFTER-USE OF THE OLYMPIC HOUS· follow: at least some categories of on such as newly dr1lled wells and deep "stripper" wells. A ING FACILITY SHOULD NOT BE A [From the Washington Post, Friday, Mar. 23, 1979} . "stripper" well is defined as one that pro FEDERAL PRISON duces 10 barrels or less a day. Mr. Upham, Cozy TIES OF OIL FIRMS, REGULATORS for one, favors raising .the definition of some (By Jack Anderson) stripper wells above 10 barrels. HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Congress has been hornswoggled by the It effective decontrol comes, Mr. Upham OF MASSACHUSETTS oil and gas industry again, and as usual, predicts, "within 12 months we would be able IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it's the American consumer who pays. to increase our daily oil flow by nearly a Natural gas prices, which have already million barrels a day." At present rates of Tuesday, March 27, 1979 soared out of orbit, are expected to go even consumption, that would more than make • Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I recently higher as a result of the partial deregula up for the deficiency-estimated at 500,000 tion passed by Congress late last year. .to 800,000 barrels a day--caused by the cut submitted a statement to the House Ju And the supposed "benefit" of deregula off of Iranian oil. diciary Subcommittee on Courts, Civil tion-increased supplies by encouraging Some other observers believe that 1\-Ir. Up Liberties and the Administration of Jus producers to drill more wells-has failed to ham's forecast ls a little optimistic, but few tice expressing my opposition to the 6512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 after-use of the 1980 Olympics athletes be more successful with Lake Placid. Also, it ls unlikely that minorities will seek em Mr. Speaker, this is bad legislation, housing facility as a Federal youth and I cannot understand how the House prison. Following is my statement: ployment at this fac111ty. Work and study release programs will only exist to the extent Administration Committee majority can STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN RoBERT F. the Bureau can contract with fac111ties in seriously propose it to this House.• DRINAN the area. Social services such as counseling When the House Appropriations Committee will only be available to the extent they al was considering expenditures for the 1980 ready exist in this community. Olympic Ga.mes at La.ke Placid, New York, It makes no sense to proceed with this WINNING SPEECH much concern was expressed over the need plan. Using Lake Placid for a federal youth to find an after-use !or the fac111ty which prison runs counter to everything we have would be constructed to house the athletes. learned about corrections. Further effort HON. MARILYN LLOYD BOUQUARD In February of 1977, without any review by must be given to alternative uses for the the House Judiciary Committee, a supple facility. OF TENNESSEE mental appropriation o! $22 million was re A likely use could be a permanent housing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quested for the Federal Bureau of Prisons to facility for athletes. Lake Placid has been Tuesday, March 27, 1979 construct the athletes housing facility which designated as a training site for winter ath would be converted to a federal youth prison letics by the U.S. Olympic Committee. In e Mrs. BOUQUARD. Mr. Speaker, it is following the 1980 Olympic Games. the closing days of the 95th Congress we with great pleasure that I submit for in Since the tragic slaying of the Israeli ath passed the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 and in clusion in today's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, letes at the 1972 Olympics In Munich, it has separate action provided $16 million for the a copy of the winning Voice of Democracy become necessary to provide secure housing purposes of the Act which include construc for our Olympic athletes. However, It does tion of facilities. The U.S. Olympic Commis ,speech !or the State of Tennessee. This not follow from that situation, that the best sion should be consulted a.bout taking over year's wi.nner is Miss Fawnia Rae Taylor after-use ls a prison. Moreover this decision this fa.cm ty. of Cleveland. was made without the benefit of public dis I commend the Subcommittee for atten I am proud to represent such outstand cussion or a search !or alternative uses. tion to this situation and I hope that some ing young people who are not only genu I served on this Subcommittee, which has alternative can be found.e inely interested in the future and welfare oversight responsib111ties for the Bureau of of our country, but who are also able to Prisons, for eight years. I have long had a special interest in the need for a national express their feelings for the benefit of policy on prison construction. During the others. hearings which this Subcommittee held in CONGRESSIONAL WELFARE I extend my CQngratulations to Fawnia 1975 on prison construction a. number of upon receipt of this distinct honor. prestigious groups urged that we halt fur HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT 1978-1989 V.F.W. VOICE OF DEMOCRACY ther construction until a policy was estab OF MARYLAND SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM lished. We know that our penal institutions America. A name. A place on a map. Free don't work in that many offenders especially IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dom and opportunity. young adults leave them more hardened to Tuesday, March 27, 1979 I have little concern for just a name, Just a life of crime than when they were first a place on a map, or a. few isolated freedoms incarcerated. We also know that it now costs • Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, here is an and opportunities. They are inanimate and us over $9,000 per prisoner per year and that other piece of legislation that would are of little importance in practical concern. does not take into account indirect costs plunder the taxpayers in the name of What ls a name if there ls no one to bear such as health and pension benefits for "reform." We have seen it so often it? What ls a. map if there ls no one to read prison employees and the welfare costs for around here, this reaching into the tax it? What are freedom and opportunity 1! the fam111es of those incarcerated. there ls no one to enjoy them? Who Cares? A central issue in any discussion about payers' pockets to the accompaniment of We are a free land. We are a great nation. prison construction ls the location of such sermons. Most importantly, we are a people who care. facilities. In 1975 the Director of the Bureau But this bill is worse than most, be We have proven it in foreign affairs, in trage of Prisons, Mr. Norman Carlson, told us that cause it could use the Public Treasury to dies in other nations, and in charitable orga "new Institutions should be as close as we finance the election campaigns of con nizations. can humanly get them to where the offenders gressional candidates. Here is a situa Because of our forefathers' vision for a are from and where we can find staff and great nation and because of the continuance other resources". The Subcommittee was tion in which Members of the House are of that vision, we are an outstanding nation mindful at that time of the Bureau's Interest being asked to vote more benefits for in the world today. in building a youth faclllty in the Northeast themselves. I dearly love my country. Not just for its and I assumed efforts would focus on metro It is true that the pie would be sliced strength in comparison to other countries, politan areas. to serve opposing candidates as well as but for the fervor that bUJilt that strength. It was most disturbing to learn that Lake incumbents, and perhaps some of us can Not just for the freedom we have today, but Placid was selected to serve the need for a soothe our consciences with that argu for the courage that was volunteered to set facility in the northeast region. The youth us free. I love and care for my country be offenders who will be incarcerated at this ment. I am not among them. cause the zeal and tenacity that helped to fac111ty wm come from the metropolitan The idea of using tax dollars to finance establish this nation still live 1n the heart areas of New York which is 300 miles a.way the personal ambitions of politicians is of every true American. as well as Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia. repugnant to me. I believe that the pub "We the people" still have the goals of and Washington, D.C. which are of an even lic's money should be used only to pro our ancestors: To live freely, justly, honestly, greater distance. vide for essential public needs. to attain high goals and maintain high Those sent to Lake Placid wlll have little standards. opportunity to see their fam111es and friends. Let me reduce this to the simplest pos Everything of importance must have pur Their surroundings will have no identifica sible terms. How can anybody suggest pose. tion with the communities they left and to that tax dollars should be used for bump A person with no adm feels useless, unim which they will return. Once a.gain urban er stickers, brochures, signs, balloons, portant and has no hope. minorities will be guarded by rural whites A nation with no aim grows apathetic and and the other baubles and trinkets of an destroys itself from the inside out. creating a potential for violent disruption, election campaign? Outrageous, isn't it? such as what occurred a.t Attica., New York. America still offers freedom. Freedom for This runs counter to all penology which But that is what is being proposed in this people to make their own decisions, to live stresses the usefulness of maintaining and legislation. a.nd to enjoy life. This freedom bears the strengthening familla.l and community ties I am also extremely disturbed by an seed of purpose. For with this seed one may especially for young offenders. As Director other feature of this legislation. It would plant the opportunities and the freedoms Carlson said "We feel the younger offender force taxpayers to finance the cam of this nation into one's life to be nurtured is the one in whom we ought to invest the paigns of candidates they would other a.nd raised, harvested and utilized for what maximum opportunities for change. If we wise oppose. ever one desires. This gives direction. can somehow intervene at the earlier age, When one has meaningful purpose there and help bring a.bout a change in behavior, .The person who voluntarily con is a. reason to care. we can save the taxpayers and the criminal tributes to the campaign of one candi In caring for America., there is no possible Justice system a great deal of expense In the date would be forced through the tax way for any one person to care for every years ahead". system to contribute to the opposing can other person by tending and helping ea.ch individual. However, one can care for Amer In the past the Bureau of Prisons has had didate. ica by taking the responsib111ty of having difficulty recruiting professional staff for re I believe this violates a citizen's basic concern for the well-being of all classes, races, mote fa.cllities. It is unlikely that they will right to freedom of expression. religions, nationalities, and all groups that March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 61513 are willing to stand for what is right in this dence from the Soviet Union, and shar through the legislative process, "Miss nation. ing their hope that the Byelorussian Jenny" raised money from area busi I can best care for America by using my Democratic Republic will once again join nesses to secure transportation for the strength to help this nation to defend the morality for which America stands. the ranks of the nations of the free world. entire class to make the 150-mile trip to America. is people. With people there can Nashville the day the bill was scheduled be freedom. With freedom there can be pur for fioor action. pose. With purpose there is meaning. With The big day finally came and the stu meaning I ca.re.e TENNESSEE'S STATE ROCK dents left for Nashville to culminate their lobbying effort. The day of the HON. ED JONES vote found these young Tennesseans in the halls of the general assembly at an BYELORUSSIAN ANNIVERSARY OF TENNESSEE early hour. They readily assisted their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES area legislators with ample persuasion on HON'. WILLIAM J. HUGHES Tuesday, March 27, 1979 any unconvinced member. Their efforts were successful. First OF NEW JERSEY •Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay special tribute to Senator Hamilton secured passage in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES senate; Speaker McWherter and Repre Tuesday, March 27, 1979 students in the 6th grade, Tennessee his tory class at Martin Junior High School sentative Tanner were not far behind •Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, on March in Martin, Tenn., and to their dedicated and the house acted with swift compe 25, 1979, the Byelorussian-American teacher, Mrs. Jenny Vaughn. "Miss tence. Limestone is now Tennessee's community commemorated the 61st an Jenny," as her students affectionately State rock. niversary of the creation of the Bye call her, and this history class have ac Governor Lamar Alexander signed the lorussian Democratic Republic. Al complished a: feat which exemplifies law proclaiming limestone as Tennes though this Byelorussian independence what America and our democratic proc see's State rock, March 13, 1979. was only experienced for a few brief ess is all about. Mr. Speaker, on many occasions you months, the memories of freedom from Earlier in the school year when the have heard me attest to the patriotic persecution and foreign domination are students were learning the particulars heritage and aggressive civic pride which clearly ingrained in the hearts of the of our government in Tennessee they prevails in the Volunteer State of Ten people of Byelorussia forever. were surprised to find our State had nessee. I believe this experience further The Byelorussian struggle for inde failed to designate any rock as the State's exemplifies the public spirit and political pendence began when Kastus Kalinou rock. Tennessee had a State bird, a: State tenacity our people have. sk.i led the anti-Russian uprising of 1863, fiower, a State tree, a State fiag-but no Mr. Speaker, I want to congratulate and the national revolution continued such honor had been bestowed on the these students and their teacher, Mrs. with the creation of the Byelorussian solid mineral matter that makes up Vaughn. I have known Jenny more years national revival movement. The quest much of the Earth's crust we commonly than we care to admit. Her husband, for independence culminated when the refer to as rock. Wilbur and I worked together side by first All-Byelorussian Congress convened The sixth grade Tennessee history side for 25 years. I am proud to call in December 1917. The act of March 25, class in Martin decided to make an ef Jenny and Wilbur Vaughn my friends. 1918 proclaimed Byelorussia to be an au fort to rectify this situation. With "Miss In closing, Mr. Speaker, I would like tonomous nation, free of the Soviet yoke Jenny's" guidance their research re to suggest that the next time this august of oppression, and bestowed the citizens vealed that any attempt to add to the list body gets endlessly bogged down in the of the Byelorussian Democratic Repub of people, places, and things honored by legislative process we might do well to lic with their individual liberty. our State government would have to be tap the legislative acumen of the sixth With the onset of the Bolskevik Octo initiated in the legislature. grade class at the Martin Junior High ber Revolution, the Byelorussians were The students began their lobbying ef School.• once again returned to their state of po fort. They took their case to area mem litical subjugation and oppression. Al bers of the State house of representa though the Byelorussians resisted their tives and the State senate. Fortunately, ALASKA: WHO IS TELLING attackers with all their might, the forces their representatives were Tennessee THE TRUTH of the newly created Republic could not House Speaker Ned R. Mcwherter and a compete with the Bolshevik army. The distinguished leader in the house, Rep Russians' hold over the people of Byelo resentative John Tanner. Their State HON. DON YOUNG russia became stronger than ever. senator was the able senate majority OF ALASKA But, the people of Byelorussia would leader, Senator Milton Hamilton, Jr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not forget their brief encounter with lib As in all successful lobbying efforts Tuesday, March 27, 1979 erty. The memories of freedom have en these young lobbyists had gathered the abled the Byelorussians to withstand the (geological) facts. They presented a con • Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, Russi.fl.cation process. Although the Rus vincing argument. It was pointed out how on March 1, the Committee on Interior sians have tried to force a unification of remiss Tennessee would be not to honor and Insular Affairs ordered reported an its captive peoples by stifling culture and a mineral which means so much to our Alaska lands bill that sets aside 120 creativity, eliminating diversity of lan State. Not only does Tennessee proudly million acres of land in Alaska under guage, and obliterating national heri display majestic boulders but a great various Federal protection and man tages, these efforts have been unsuccess deal of industry is associated with stone agement systems. This bill could easily ful in the Byelorussian nation. and stone products. be characterized as the conserva The people of Byelorussia have refused Should their legislators agree with tion measure of a lifetime. to succumb to Soviet effort.5 at intellec them, the students suggested an appro Unfortunately, certain environmental tual enslavement, and continue to main priate State rock would be limestone. groups appear to be getting greedy. tain their dignity even though they have Limestone is the only rock found in all Rather than supporting this carefully been denied their basic human rights and three grand divisions of our State. crafted measure, which meets both the refused their right to self-determination. Senator Hamilton, Speaker McWher national interest and the needs of the The history of the Byelorussian strug ter, and Representative Tanner were residents of my State, they seem intent gle for independence should be remem readily convinced and they jointly in in going after even more land. This in bered by individuals of all nationalities troduced a bill to designate limestone as spite of the fact that the failure of the and ethnic origins. It is truly an inspira the State rock. same bill last year was characterized tion for any who suffer under the yoke After the bills were introduced, the as "throwing Alaska to the bulldozers." of oppression. I pay tribute today to these students corresponded with every mem The enclosed editorial from the Fair determined people, by joining the Byelo- ber of the Tennessee General Assembly banks Daily News-Miner speaks of this russian-American community in cele urging them to support the "State Rock constantly changing point of view. I brating the anniversary of their indepen- Legislation." As the bill treaded its way commend it to my colleagues and sug- CXXV--41(}-Par.t 5 6514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 gest that they think very carefully about dent Carter's description of the budget as It's essential, therefore, that thoughtful who is telling the truth. "lean and austere" is utterly without validity. citizens understand the real character of [From the Fairbanks (Alaska) Daily News lVIr. Carter has sent another welfare state, this budget and reject l\/Ir. Carter's false lVIiner, lVIar. 19, 1979) big-spending budget to Congress. He proposes characterization of the budget as "lean and that Congress spend $29 billion more than austere." This is the type of budget that has OUCHI he anticipates in revenues-a surefire pre driven the U.S. public close to a tax re The Sierra Club was understanda.bly out scription for galloping inflation. bellion.e raged when its champion, House Interior lVIr. Carter isn't interested in reducing the Secretary l\/Iorris Udall, got his Alaska. lands cost of government. He wants to spend more bill rammed down his throat by his own on dozens of federal programs. SMALL CLAIMS COURTS committee two weeks ago. It's interesting to Consider these proposals in the new Car see how the rhetoric heats up when the ter budget: tables are turned. lVIr. Carter wants to expand foreign aid. HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL "In a. series of very close votes on Feb. 28 According to the Budget, he proposes to the House Interior Committe a.pproved and spend a staggering $8.2 billion, "an increase OF NORTH CAROLINA reported to the full House a drastically of $900 million over 1979." All this at the time IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES weakened Alaska. lands b111," says the club's the U.S. has the largest trade deficit in its Tuesday, March 27, 1979 "National News Report." It added that the history. substitute bill "has become a. vehicle to ex Outlays for the World Bank and similar • Mr. BROYHILL. Mr. Speaker, in the ploit, rather than preserve, the national in institutions are to rise from $900 million to last Congress I introduced legislation to terest lands." $1 billion. The Sierra. Club calls the Huckaby substi protect consumers by establishing small The Agency For International Development claims courts, arbitration programs, and tute, "Sen. Ted Stevens' version of the in is scheduled to receive another $100 million. complete negotiations that were held in the Outlays for solar energy research, which other mechanisms to help resolve con final hours of the 95th Congress." The club has virtually no chance of solving America's sumer disputes in the marketplace. This then lists how many fewer million acres energy problems in this century, will be legislation, known as the Dispute Reso there were in parks and wildlife refuges in hiked 40 per cent. Solar energy is favored lution Act, was designed to provide the new bill. by the anti-technology idealogues who op States, localities, and nonprofit organiza This is the same bill, mind you, tha.t pose nuclear power and fossil fuel plants. tions with financial assistance to develop Alaska Sen. l\/Iike Gravel killed la.st year, and "Spending for energy information, policy it's the same Sierra Club that castigated inexpensive, fair and easy-to-use mecha and regulation" (read PR and red tape) will nisms for resolving consumer disputes Sen. Gravel then for throwing Alaska to the be increased from $798 million to $969 bulldozers. How times change. million. and other minor civil disputes. Although From reading the club bulletin its readers Non-productive outlays for pollution con approved by the Senate last year, the would never imagine that the Huckaby sub trol will rise 14 per cent from $4.1 billion measure, S. 957, narrowly failed in the stitute withdraws almost 100 million acres to $4.7 billion. House under suspension of the rules on of Ala.ska into federal parks and preserves, Housing loans and grant assistance under October 12, 1978. including about 30 million a.cres of land the Farmers Home Administration will be I intend to introduce similar legislation with oil and gas potential. One would never hiked $144 million. guess, to listen to the Sierra. Club, that it in the weeks ahead, and hope that my The new National Consumer Cooperative to closes 20 m1llion acres to sport hunting and Bank, which is authorized to make loans to colleagues will take the time acquaint imposes federal policies over the rest of cooperative foo:i stores, pharmacies, garages, themselves with what I believe is an ef Alaska's fish and game management. etc., are estimated to cost $90 million. fective and feasible approach to address From listening to the Sierra. Club one cer Another $200 million will go to the Na ing consumer complaints in the market tainly wouldn't get the idea. that the Huck tional Credit Union Administration. place. Accordingly, at this time I would aby bill requires an act of Congress to drill Requested budget authority for "commu like to have submitted in the RECORD a for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Range, nity and regional development" will rise copy of an article which appeared in the or that it closes 115 million acres to mining from $8.1 billion to $11.3 billion. January 1979 issue of the American Bar claims. The Dept. of Housing and Urban Develop The Sierra Club members certainly ment programs for public housing will get Association Journal. I believe this article wouldn't think this is the same bill whi6h an additional $400 million. clearly points out the benefits which can had its death widely cheered throughout Outlays for federal aid to education will be realized through the enactment of the Alaska. last year, despite the heavy lobbying be increased from $12.7 billion to $13.3 Dispute Resolution Act. I hope that this for it from most state political leaders. billion. article will be of benefit to my colleagues. The House Interior Committee has just Federal youth job training programs will PRESIDENT'S PAGE passed the greatest parks and wildlife refuge cost $2.1 billion in 1980. Summer programs (By S. Shepherd Tate) bill in history, and the Sierra Club tells its alone will cost $545 million. members that it's opened Alaska up to mas A total of $6.7 billion will go for the much MINOR DISPUTE RESOLUTION sive development. Its lobbyists learned long abused Aid to Families with Dependent Chil Last month I visited the Venice/lVIar Vista a.go that if you tell a. big enough lie, people dren program. Neighborhood Justice Center in Los Angeles. will pay you so they can listen.e Finally, the food stamp program, accord This pilot program is a. public service activity ing to the Budget, will "assist 17.4 million of the Los Angeles County Bar Association recipients" at a cost of $6.9 billion. This is an and is funded by the United States Depart income transfer program that strikes directly ment of Justice. The Justice Department THE CARTER BUDGE'!' at the self-reliant middle class. supports two similar experimental centers !or If this is what President Carter regards as minor dispute resolution in Atlanta. and an "austere, tight" budget, the taxpayers Kansas City. These projects are an important HON. LARRY McDONALD better hope that he never presents what he part of the search for fairer, faster, and less would regard as a "generous" budget. It costly ways of resolving minor disputes. OF GEORGIA would break their backs. The American Bar Association is firmly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The figures stated above give only part of committed to this search. In 1976 we cospon Tuesday, March 27, 1979 the overall spending picture. For example, sored the Conference on the Causes of Popu the administration also proposes to fund, lar Diss:i.tisfaction with the Administration 0 Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the the National Development Bank. This giant of Justice (Pound Conference). Specific rec Carter budget, in spite of protestations boondoggle proposal, which would make ommendations a.rising from that conference to the contrary, is not an austerity budg loans to the organizations that are poor and the work of the Pound Conference Fol et. The fat in the budget is oozing out credit risks, would receive $3.5 billion under low-Up Task Force, which was chaired by the Carter budget. Griffin Bell, included the establishment of the sides as Anthony H. Harrigan de Clearly, if one ignores the self-serving neighborhood justice centers and the ex scribed in a recent editorial that ap austerity talk of the President and his as panded use of small claims courts and arbi peared in the U.S. Industrial Council sistants, the proposed federal budget will be tration. In 1977 further attention was de Bulletin for March 15, 1979. The income seen for what it is, namely another welfare voted to these and other proposals at a Na transfer and vote buying programs are budget completely in line with the spender tional Conference on lVIinor Disputes Res bloated and undamaged. The editorial proposals of the Kennedy and Johnson ad olution funded by the American Bar En follows: ministrations. dowment and the American Bar Association. THE CARTER BUDGET The Carter budget is more of the same Much of the Association's nationally rec more of what has caused the tragic weaken ognized work in this area is now carried on by (By Anthony H. Harrigan, Executive Vice ing of the American economy. the Special Committee on Resolution of President) The Carter budget represents another at Minor Disputes. This committee, which is Anyone who reads that dreary federal docu tempt at public expropriation of the na ably chaired by Talbot (Sandy) D'Alemberte ment entitled "The United States Budget In tional income-more wealth transfers to the of lVIia.mi, was created by the Board of Gov Br!e!-Fisca.l Year 1980" realizes that Presi- handout-hungry elements in our society. ernors in 1976. March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6515 During its brief life this special committee Byelorussians; the convening of the First ation of strategy in both countries, each at has provided valuable leadership in evaluat All-Byelorussian Congress and the crea tempting to understand how strategic nu ing and implementing various proposals. For tion of the Byelorussian Democratic Re clear weapons relate to other aspects of example, it has worked closely with the three military and diplomatic power and to for neighborhood justice centers. Assistance to public. For the first time in their history, eign policy objectives. On balance, not only these projects has included the promulgation Byelorussians were a free and independ did t he U.S. reach different conclusions of standards and guidelines and the training ent people. It is important therefore that about the nature of nuclear war than did the of staff. In addition, the special committee we join Americans of Byelorussian de Soviet Union, but it departed from long has worked directly with local bar associa scent in reaffirming the pursuit of free standing and more historically grounded ap tions and other g,roups in developing alterna dom and human rights. proaches to strategy in general. tives to litigation and has served as a. na As was the case with other peoples and DETERRENCE VIA ASSURED DESTRUCTION tional clearinghouse for information on The essence of U.S. military policy over the minor dispute resolution. republics, Byelorussia's independence was short-lived. Although there were past 20 years has not changed: it is the de One of the top priori.ties of the special terrence of aggression, both nuclear and non committee, and of the Association as a whole, numerous anti-Bolshevik uprisings nuclear. In more specific terms, this has in is enactment of federal legislation to pro throughout Byelorussia, it ultimately cluded a nuclear attack against the U.S. and/ vide much needed "seed" money to states succumbed to Soviet d-0mination at the or its allies; a conventional attack by the to improve existing and to experiment with end of the Russian Civil War. Their brief WARSAW PACT against NATO; or lesser re new dispute resolution forums. The Di&pute period of freedom is the foundation of gional confiicts that might lead to confiict, Resolution Act (S. 957 in the 95th Con the continuing outcry against Soviet re or the threat of conflict, between the U.S. gress) passed the Senate last year but nar and USSR. rowly missed approval in the House of pression of the Byelorussian people. In light of the Helsinki agreement and The U.S. concluded early on that nuclear Represen tati ves. war was something to be avoided at all cost. This act was introduced last year by Sena our own advocacy of human rights In the 1960s, in part as a response to this tors Kennedy and Ford and Representatives around the world, it is important that general tendency, a concept known as "As Kastenmeier, Eckhardt, and Broyhill. It was those of us in the Congress concerned sured Destruction" was developed which supported by President Carter and Attorney about Soviet human rights violations stated that nuclear war could best be avoided General Bell, by a bipartisan congressional maintain our support and call for free by assuring that the consequences would be coalition, and by the United States Cham dom of Byelorussians and other captive unacceptable for the potential attacker. Un ber of Commerce and the Consumer Federa der this concept, strategic forces are needed tion of America. I have urged the adminis nations.• only to infiict a certain level of punitive tration to support similar legislation vigor damage, measurable in industrial destruc ously in the 96th Congress. tion and population deaths, on Soviet There can be no doubt that we must find UNITED STATES-U.S.S.R.: CON- society. ways to improve the settlement of small per TRASTING VIEWS OF NUCLEAR Assured Destruction has had ramifications sonal or monetary disputes without the for WAR for the design and production of U.S. strate malities or prohibitive costs of court action. gic weapons systems since, to a significant Many aggrieved parties, regardless of socio degree, it placed an upper limit on strategic economic status, do not now have effective HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS force requirements. Types of weapons sys access to any forum for the resolution of OF IDAHO tems can be generically characterized in disputes because the loss involved is generally three days: those that are hard-target ca far less than the time, money, and trouble IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pable; those that are time-urgent capable; required to recover it. And, in some con Tuesday, March 27, 1979 and, finally, those that are both hard-target sumer and other disputes, the traditional and time-urgent capable. To the first cate adversary system may not be the best ap e Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, I recently gory belong ICBMs, gravity bombs delivered proach. For example, litigation in the courts received in my office the March 1979 by manned aircraft, and potentially cruise between people with a continuing relation issue of the National Security Record missiles; to the second category ICBMs and ship, such as members of the same family or published by the Heritage Foundation SLBMs; and to the third category only neighbors, often solves one problem while here in Washington. This particular IOBMs. creating others. Negotiated settlements are issue discusses the asymmetries in stra To hold an Assured Destruction capability more likely to lead to a restoration of good does not require emphasis in the third cate relationships. In these cases, society has a tegic nuclear doctrine between the gory. (Thus, those individuals more or less stake not only in a final disposition of a per United States and the Soviet Union. sympathetic to a strategy of "minimum de sonal controversy but also in an amicable one. I would like to take this opportunity terrence" would not necessarily be concerned If we are to ensure all of our citizens access to recognize Mike Donley of the Heritage with the potential loss of U.S. fixed land to justice, we must invest resources in pro Foundation staff for his fine work in the based ICBMs.) As a result of an Assured De grams that will facmtate negotiated compro preparation of this discussion. Mr. Don struction emphasis, the "backbone" of the mises in nonadversary settings. These forums ley received his master's degree in inter U.S. retaliatory capability is found in do not replace courts, nor do they render SLBMs-missiles of relatively low yield and national relations from the University of debatable accuracy, but supposedly sufficient the assistance of counsel obsolete. Instead, Southern California in 1978 specializing they foster faith in and reliance on the abil to inflict unacceptable damage on the Soviet ity of the justice system to help resolve all in national security studies. urban/ industrial complex. legal problems, no matter how small. Mr. Speaker, I believe that this report OVERKll.L The A.B.A. wlll continue its efforts to assist is especially valuable since it clearly ex The concept of overkill represents the programs such as the Venice/ Mar Vista plains the fallacies of the argument that somewhat illogical extension of a strategy of Neighborhood Justice Center. In addition, we new or additional Soviet weapon systems Assured Destruction. If a finite level of stra plan to continue our work to secure passage cannot threaten U.S. security since both tegic capabilities can ensure a certain level of of the Dispute Resolution Act or similar leg nations already have enough nuclear punitive destruction on Soviet society, then islation. With the help of federal funds, I any additional strategic capabillty becomes believe that state and local governments, and weapons to destroy each other several not only superfluous but extravagant. The such private groups as bar associations, can times over. It also points out that, unlike popularity of the overkill thesis grew in par develop means by which minor disputes can U.S. strategy, the Soviet doctrine em ticular as a result of Secretary of Defense be resolved more effectively. The organized phasizes war fighting and war survival McNamara's address at San Francisco in Sep bar stands ready to help in this important as its key elements. I commend this tember 1967 (and has since been reinforced endeavor.e Heritage Foundation report to my col by President Carter in his recent State of leagues in Congress, and I urge its care the Union address) . Mr. McNamara then revealed that an ability to successfully de ful consideration as we approach con liver 1600 warheads would destroy virtually BYELORUESIAN DEMOCRATIC sideration of the SALT II treaty. REPUBLIC all of the Soviet urban population and the (From the National Security Record, March largest percentage of Soviet industry. Presi 1979] dent Carter has made a similar analogy. Any HON. FRANK HORTON UNITED STATES-U.S.S.R.: CONTRASTING VIEWS additional capability, it would appear, would OF NUCLEAR WAR OF NEW YORK only rearrange the rubble. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union possess The overkill argument is fl.awed in a great IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a substantial arsenal of strategic nuclear many respects, most of all in the sense of Tuesday, March 27, 1979 weapons-weapons of great destructive considering only the static warhead inven power which can be delivered over long dis tory of the U.S., rather than the number of • Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, tances in a relatively short pe11od of time. warheads that would survive a pre-emptive March 25, 1979, marked the 6lst anni This qualitative and quantita"tive leap in Soviet strike and then successfully arrive on versary of two important events for all war-making power brought about a reevalu- target. 6516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 27, 1979 The U.S. openly prefers a second-strike DEFENSE AND DAMAGE LIMITATION has merely required an adjustment in con posture. Conceptually, this is revealed in an The concept of Assured Destruction has cepts of distance, time, and destructive po Assured Destruction doctrine which is based had a negative impact on the U.S. approach tential. From the Soviet point of view nuclear on retaliation. Operationally, the TRIAD o! to defense and damage limitation. weaponry posed new problems, but at the ICBMs, SLBMs, and bombers ls designed to From the basic assumption that there can same time presented new opportunities. compllcate a first-strike such that, in the be no winner in a nuclear war, the U.S. ap event deterrence !alls, the U.S. could main SOVIET DOCTRINE proach has been that nothing should be done Soviet military doctrine is a reflection of tain a sumclent retallatory capab111ty. Thus, to make nuclear war possible at any time and the primary reduction, or "draw down,'' in the basic political principles that guide the at any level. The primary objective, then, government in all of its activities. Military forces available to the U.S. wm occur in the would be to make sure that-if deterrence opening phase o! confilct. U.S. losses at this policy is defined by the leadership of the were to fail-both sides would lose. In es CPSU and is based on the need to defend point in time wm be largely determined by sence, this led to the concept of Mutual As their readiness posture. Fixed ICBMs the USSR's accomplishments against all ad sured Destruction (MAD) . Succumbing to a versaries. Nevertheless, war is not desirable regardless of readiness-are supposedly pre "mirror image" approach, the U.S. rational pared to ride out a Soviet attack.1 About half from the Soviet point of view. A long-stand ized that the Soviet Union was in agreement ing historical guideline remains central: it is of the U.S. SLBM force ls in port at any regarding the "new realities" of the nuclear given time; only 30 percent o! the B-52 preferable to subdue the adversary without era. resorting to the use of force. force ls operational, on station, or on alert MAD dovetailed neatly with other emerg at any given time. In sum, the survivab111ty ing issues of arms control. What MAD really From the historical perspective of Marx of ICBMs is directly determined by the kill meant was that both sides-for the sake of ism-Leninism, confiict between the two op ing power of the attacking missiles, while stabillty-should remain mutually vulner posing systems is the norm. War (though not the survlvabllity of SLBMs and bombers ls able. To avoid upsetting mutual deterrence, desirable) is therefore a distinct possibility. highly dependent upon advance warning. the unwritten rules of the MAD "logic" state The use of force, however, does not represent After pre-launch survivabillty, the effec that neither side should threaten the survlv a failure or breakdown in foreign policy but tiveness o! remaining forces will be influenced rather (in Clausewitzian terms) a continua a.b1lity of the other's retaliatory forces. tion of policy by other means. War is not con by other factors includin g: systems reliabillty In offensive forces, this means that large (which is usually placed at about 85 per sidered an accidental, spontaneous, or spuri t hrowweight, high-yield, high-accuracy mis ous event. Instead, it is viewed as a purpose cent)-t hat ls, how many missiles will ac siles were characterized as especially desta tually launch; ln-fiight survlvability--or ful undertaking integrally related to higher b1lizing to the strategic balance since they policy objectives. The use of nuclear weapons what percentage of the bombers, for example, lend themselves to a "counter-force" strat will reach their release point and t hen suc in war is to be subordinated to policy and egy. In defensive forces, the implication ls nuclear weapons are intended to be used to cessfully penetrate Soviet defenses, or how that neither side should try to defend itself many warheads will be neutralized by the accomplish political objectives. Thus, the (after all, a nuclear war cannot be won-so Soviets appreciate the value of deterrence residual anti-ballistic missile (ABM) ca why bother?) nor should either side chal pability of the Soviet air defense system? An within the context of overall strategy, but lenge the effectiveness of the other's deter not as an ultimate objective. other consideration is defense suppression rent by developing an ABM capability. In what percentage of weapons will be used to this context one can better understand why This conceptual approach contrasts sharp thwart Soviet defensive (rather than offen arms control enthusiasts are so adamantly ly with a "theory of limitation" which at sive) forces? against ABM no matter how effective it may tempts to answer the question how much is Next: of those weapons available on tar be. enough. The Soviet approach says that the get, how many will be required to destroy a MAD inexorably leads one to the conclu military power of a state is relative and must single target with the desired degree of con sion that missiles which kill missiles are bad, be compared with other states or coalitions. fidence? The answers here will be determined and missiles which kill people are good. If The achievement of political or foreign policy by the priority of the target, its hardness, the defensive forces were prohibited, it was pos objectives is directly dependent on a. "cor yield of the warhead, and its accuracy. To in tulated, then offensive force requirements relation of forces." It is only military su crease the probability of k111, improvements would remain modest and strategy simpli premacy that makes victory in war possible. in accuracy are relatively more important fied. Within the MAD framework this rela However, military supremacy does not guar than increases in yield; but higher yields can tionship between offensive and defensive antee victory; but only provides the essential compensate for practical degradations in ac forces would supposedly produce stable and ingredient for its attainment. curacy and are less affected by wide variations mutual deterrence, and would lower the Soviet military dootrine states that the in hardness among different types of targets. cost of the "arms race" by theoretically elim course of milit.a.ry operations in modern wa.r Finally, there is the driving question of inating the need for strategic defense of any will be decisively influenced by the use of strategy. An appropriate response to the ques kind. nuclear weapons. Because of their unique tion how much is enough is the question combination of tremendous power and speed, what do you want your forces to do? Deter As Lt applies to the control of confiict esca lation, the MAD concept dictates that how strategic forces are seen as the fulcrum rence is inherently a psychological term and upon which all other forms of m1litary will depend on the perceptions of the military ever desirable control of a nuclear war may be, it is nevertheless unoontrollable. Once power rest. Superiority ls therefore highly balance by real and supposed adversaries. desirable and resources should be allocated nuclear weapons Of e.ny kind are used-in Deterrence, however, has two distinct aspects: so as to attain it. If an evident supertority capability and credib1lity-the equating of whatever numbers at whatever level Of con fiict-escalation to an "all-out" nuclear ex ls achieved over an adversary, then it ca.n ends with means. The notion of simple and be translated into specific means to achieve automatic retaliation does not in itself con change ls "!nevi.table." This dictate is de signed to reinforce the idea that nuclear war desired objectives. The method Olf combat stitute a strategy. It provides a degree of de operations is seen as the choice of the terrence against some kinds of attacks, but ls "unthinkable." In sum, damage limitation of any kind is anathema to MAD since it superior force. The relationship of forces at does not address the desirabillty of such a the strategic nuclear level will ultimately response under various circumstances. would call into question this basic and fun damental assumption. predetermine the transition from low levels A Soviet strike at U.S. mmtary targets (not of confiict to higher ones. Ideally, from the limited to Minuteman ICBM silos), avoiding MAD ls a. comprehensive set of mutually Soviet view, deterrence is thus a one way population centers, may result in less than relnforcing arguments designed to remove street imposed by the stronger power upon 10 million fatalities-'8. stupendous figure to the use, or threatened use, of nuclear weap the weaker. be sure. However, with 95 percent of U.S. ons as a viable option in the application of DAMAGE LIMITATION population surviving and upwards of 98 per diploma.tic or military power. It serves as a cent of American industry still intact, any sophisticated explanation of how and why While the U.S. placed its conceptual efforts president would be hard pressed to choose a deterrence cannot fail, but it ignores the behind deterrence of nuclear war, the SoVliet simplified urban/ industrial ( countervalue) strategic issues and policy options which Union ooncentrates its stra.tegy a.round the response, especially when the 'bulk of Soviet would necessarily be addressed should de proposition that deterrence may eventually strategic forces still remain in reserve. The terrence fail. fall. By developing a nuclear war-fighting strategy and capa.b111ty, the Soviets appaa- issue surrounding an Assured Destruction THE SOVIET APPROACH strategy ls, therefore, not one of capability ently believe tha.t the credib111ty of their but credibility. If there is one single all-consuming prob capacity to deter U.S. strategic forces is en lem with the concept of Mutual Assured De hanced. Moreover, should deterrence fa.11, struction it is that MAD is not "mutual." they would be in a relatively better position 1 A pollcy of "launch on warning" has in The CIA has noted that "MAD, as a desirable to fight and win a nuclear war. The Soviets the past been consistently rejected by the and la.sting basis for a stable strategic rela clearly reject the notion that both sides U.S. as the least desirable survivab111ty option tionship between superpowers, has never would lose--dndeed should (under MAD) due to its inherent instability. The problems been accepted in the USSR." lose-a. nuclear war. associated with such a policy have been In its effort to explain the role of nuclear On the offensive side, Soviet appreciation summed up in the following manner: the weapons in foreign Mld military policy the of strategic nuclear power has led to a. well U.S. would have to decide within a very Soviet Union concluded that the develop defined approoa.ch to targeting. In the most short period of time how many of what ment of these weapons, and ·their modern elemental terms, Soviet strategy is to strike forces to launch against how many of what me::i.ns of delivery, constituted a revolution an enemy's weapons at their source. Of kinds o! targets in response to what level in military affairs. Yet instead of making particular importance is to destroy e.n ene and what kind of Soviet attack. general war "unthinkable," the nuclear era my's means of nu.clear attack. This "pre- March 27, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6517 emptive defense" contains two interrelated Christian Socialist Union Parliamentary This is particularly true for the Federal Re componelllts of a modern military strategy Party, recently offered some interesting public of Germany, which, following her based on the advent of nuclear weaponry: comments on the prospective SALT II 1954 NATO-wide renunciation of nuclear one emphasizes the element of surprise; and weapons, signed the nuclear non-prolifera the other is the need to preempt, strike first, agreement. tion treaty of 1974 at the urging of the and be decisive. By taking the initiatiive to Dr. Mertes concisely identifies the United States. Thus, the Federal Republic reduce the enemy's means of attack or re primary SALT n issues of concern to our has also a.greed to total renunciation of nu taliation the Soviet Union thereby reduces German and NATO allies, issues which clear weapons vis-a-vis the Soviet Union and, the damage to itself or its interests. Thus, must also be of fundamental concern to therefore, is much more dependent on credi the so-called ha.rd target killers character us. The comments made by Dr. Mertes ble security guarantees by the United States ized by MAD as "destabilizing" (very large eloquently speak on their own behalf. than are England and France. These security guarantees should be such that neither the and acc\ll'8/te ICBMs) a.re precisely those I would only add that as we consider missiles prefened by the Soviet Union. Federal Republic nor the Soviet Union could In active defensive forces, the Soviets have the SALT II agreement in the near fu seriously doubt them.e made substantial investments in a compre ture, the points raised by Dr. Mertes will hensive air defense system. The Soviets also play a major role in the important and maintain a vigorous ABM research and de necessary public debate which will ac velopment program; and despite notions company SALT II. GUESS WHAT? WE ALREADY HAVE prevalent at the signing of the ABM Treaty Mr. Speaker, I insert Dr. Mertes' re A LAW TO BALANCE THE BUDGET thwt the Soviets had recognized the "de marks in the RECORD at this time, and stab111zing" character of ABM, many ques I recommend them highly to my col tions about Soviet SALT violations involve HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. the use of upgrading of air defense capab111- leagues for consideration: OF CALIFORNIA DR. ALOIS MERTES STATEMENT ON SALT Il ties for ABM purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES To the Soviet Union, however, civil de SALT-II would really stabilize the inter fense in particular is seen as essential to national balance a.nd strengthen world peace Tuesday, March 27, 1979 deterring an attack upon the USSR. It is if its contents are balanced, clear and veri the further contention of the Soviet leader fiable. It is not yet known whether these pre e Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. ship that civil defense is fundamental to requisites will be fulfilled; the final text of Speaker, an article from yesterday's Los the survival of the Soviet state in the event the treaty has not been drawn up yet. Ger Angeles Times documents the rapid of war. This stems from the fact that the man politicians therefore should abstain progress the Congress has made in its Soviets believe nuclear war will not end with from prematurely praising or criticizing efforts to legislate a balanced Federal the initia.l strategic exchange; remaining in SALT-II. Out of a sense of responsibility for budget. We have moved so rapidly that dustrial and economic assets will therefore the conduct of foreign policy and respect for few in Congress know that beginning fis be decisive. the U.S. Senate, we Germans must not oe cal year 1981 the law already requires As a. result, every effort should be taken to come the chief witnesses of the domestic reduce the vulnerability of industry and American advocates or adversaries of the a balanced budget. This remarkable feat communications, and measures taken to re present SALT-II treaty. We should con was accomplished at the end of the last store industrial production after the strategic fidently and clearly outline our problems session of Congress with a nongermane aittack. The basic purposes of civil defense, and questions to the United States resulting Senate rider to a rather obscure bill therefore, are two-fold: to reduce population from our singular situation, for this treaty which is now law. deaths and to retain the integrity of the between geographically remote America and Mr. Speaker, while there are some society and the authority of the state. In nearby Soviet Union touches the core of our flaws in this budget-balancing law, which short, the means ta.ken by the Soviet Union common security. are explained in the following article, I to protect its industry and population, they In this context German policy is con believe, may help to predetermine the out fronted primarily with three questions : do not wish to detract from this accom come of a nuclear exchange in the Soviet 1. How can it be unequivocally guaran plishment. The Congress and the Presi favor. teed that the so-called "now-circumvention dent are to be commended for acting In the Soviet view, then, damage limita clause" of the SALT-II treaty, running for with all the rhetoric at their disposal. tion is a single process that includes both eight years, touching upon the relationship Now all we have to do is adjust taxes offense and defense. The Soviet civil defense between the two superpowers and their and expenditures to meet the legislative apparatus, for example, is not intended to a.Hies, henceforth does not impede close co intent. withstand an a.ll-out U.S. attack directed a.t operation in the Western Alliance? In view The article follows: urban/industrial centers. Its purpose, rather of the growing Soviet threat, SALT-II must is to minimize, to the extent physically and not burden Western Europe with the handi [From the Los Angeles Times, Mar. 26, 1979] economically feasible, the potential damage cap of political or military doubts resulting GUESS WHAT? A BALANCED-BUDGET LAW Is which would result from significantly im from Soviet-American antagonisms regard ALREADY ON THE BOOKS paired U.S. strategic forces-forces "drawn ing its correct interpretation and applica (By David Weil) down" in a. first strike, a.nd then a.gain by tion. As voters flock to the call for a. balanced active defenses. 2. How can it be unequivocally guaranteed federal budget, politicians are positioning A summary of U.S. and Soviet approaches that the 3-year SALT-protocol does not fore themselves accordingly. By one count, 99 to nuclear strategy would undoubtedly con close, legally or politically, options for West separate proposals to constitutionally or clude that the Soviet approach is profoundly ern Europe for weapons necessary for its statutorily mandate a balanced budget have different from that of the U.S. Rather than security and that, once the protocol has ex surfaced in the 96th Congress. Concerned attempting to expunge nuclear warfare as pired, all the options for those weapons sys congressmen formed a Balanced Budget a viable political/military option by creat tems indispensable for the security of West Caucus last week to deal with the issue. ing a. more or less artificial "strategy" to limit ern Europe, indeed remain open? (The pro Lost in the shume somehow is the little strategic nuclear forces, the Soviet Union tocol, for instance, prohibits the deployment known fact that legislation requiring a bal has sought to incorporate these modern of land- and sea-based cruise missiles with a anced budget was passed by Congress la.st weapons into a coherent strategic doctrine. range of over 600 km, which could possibly September and signed into law by the Presi Some may belittle or reject the Soviet ap become most important some day for the dent on Oct. 10, 1978. Section 7 of Public Law proach, but a strategist would fail to ap deterrence of Soviet gray area weapons.) 95-435 says: "Beginning with fiscal year 1981, preciate these differences only at his peril.e 3. How will it be reliably guaranteed, with the total budget outlays of the federal gov a view to the multilateral effects of bi ernment shall not exceed its receipts." lateral American-Soviet arms control policy The great anonymity achieved by this stat SALT II: A EUROPEAN and West European security prior to rati ute may be the result of its strange voyage PERSPECTIVE fication, that the gigantic and incessantly through Congress and the enormous confu growing Soviet superiority in medium-range sion concerning its legal effect. nuclear launching vehicles-which is not a. Last winter the House of Representatives HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST subject of SALT-II-will be either mitigated passed a bill authorizing the United States OF vmGINIA with a view to parity, or offset by respec to contribute about $2 billion to a special facility of the International Monetary Fund IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive western nuclear defense measures? (While Soviet nuclear gray area system can (IMF). Five months later the bill reached Tuesday, March 27, 1979 not reach the United States, they could com the Senate floor, where legislation may be pletely destroy Western Europe and there amended to include provisions that have e Mr. WIDTEHURST. Mr. Speaker, Dr. fore become a vehicle for political pressure nothing to do with the legislation itself. Alois Mertes, in his capacity as a mem and blackmail.) The IMF bill was amended to include ber of the German Bundestag, and as a Disarmament and a.rms control contribute (among other things) a trade embargo spokesman for disarmament and arms to the preservation and stabilization of against Uganda-and a balanced federal control for the Christian Democrat- peace, provided they also strengthen security. budget in 1981. 6518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 28, 1979
Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr. (Ind.-Va.), who Wis.), pointing out that committee hearings et. Of course, if the President impounds offered the balanced-budget amendment, ex had never been held on the proposal, con appropriated funds (even to balance the plained in a two-minute statement that he fessed: "The truth of the matter is that we budget) he may violate the Congressional was simply fulfilling one of President Car do not know beans about the niceties of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (passed in ter's campaign promises. His brief remarks budget." The House then voted overwhelming reaction to the Nixon administration's refusal made up the entire debate; not one other approval of the balanced-budget require to spend funds that Congress had senator commented on the proposal. The ment. Many of those voting in favor said that appropriated) . amendment passed, 58 to 28, with Sens. Alan they wanted to go on record in support of a In addition to confusion over who is sup Cranston (D-Calif.), Edward M. Kennedy balanced budget without actually requiring posed to do what under the balanced-budget (D-Mass.) and George McGovern (D-S.D.) one. The amendment, they said, could easily law, there is puzzlement over how it is to be among the liberals in opposition. The bill be superseded by the action of a later Con enforced. Since the law declares simply that itself then sailed through, 69 to 16. gress. And so, within a month the IMF bill outlays shall not exceed receipts, without Next, when the House appointed conferees was signed into law, amendment in tow. making anyone in particular responsible, who to meet with their Senate counterparts to Now, five months later, people are begin could be named as a defendant in a lawsuit if reconcile the different versions of the IMF ning to ask what the law means. According the budget weren't balanced? And who would bill, Rep. Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa) to Byrd, it means that the President "will have standing to bring suit? How would any moved that the House conferees be in have an obligation to submit a balanced one know at what point during fiscal 1981 structed to accept the balanced-budget budget to the Congress for 1981." It could that outlays exceeded receipts? Would the amendment. The House debate was more ex also mean that regardless of what the Presi courts even consider the balanced-budget tensive than the Senate monologue, but few dent submits, Congress is obligated to turn requirement a justiciable issue? Most likely speakers discussed the merits of the idea, down appropriations that exceed receipts for the judiciary would find the law to be hor and no one explained how the amendment 1981. A Congressional Research Service memo tatory, without any binding effect at all. was supposed to work. on the amendment's legal et!ect suggests a At least one statement made in Congress Several congressmen feared that they were t hird possibility: The President may have to about the balanced-budget requirement voting on a balanced budget in 1981 without spend less than Congress appropriates, if seems accurate: ". . . many efforts will be having studied it. Rep. Henry S. Reuss (D- that's what is necessary to balance the budg- made to set aside, ignore or evade" it.e
SENATE~-Wednesday, March 28, 1979 The Senate met at 11: 45 a.m., on the U.S. SENATE, peace treaty signed in Washington on expiration of the recess, and was called PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Monday. to order by Hon. MAx BAucus, a Senator Washington, D.C., March 28, 1979. To the Senate: This treaty has been cause for consid from the State of Montana. Under the provisions of rule I, section 3, erable celebration this week, and I have of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby been among those commending the prin PRAYER appoint the Honorable MAx BAucus, a Senator cipals in these negotiations for their ini The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward from the State of Montana, to perform the tiative and commitment. L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following duties of the Chair. The vast majority of my colleagues in prayer: WARREN G. MAGNUSON, the Senate, I believe, wish to be faithful President pro tempore. partners in the continuing Middle East Let us pray: Mr. BAUCUS thereupon assumed the peace process. Almighty God, Crom whom all holy de chair as Acting President pro tempore. The security and success of that part sires and all just works do proceed, we nership rests heavily on the willingness beseech Thee to remove from this Earth of the administration to take the Con every vestige of hate and hostility, rancor RECOGNITION OF LEADERSHIP gress and its leadership into the admin and vindictiveness which contaminate The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem istration's confidence, to solicit our coun the climate for peace and obstruct the sel as well as our consent, to let us know coming of Thy higher kingdom. Let not pore. Under the previous order, the ma jority leader is recognized. precisely the nature and extent of the the glowing achievement of one accord agreements being made with our friends conceal the unfinished task of creating a in Israel and in Egypt. just order for peoples still ravaged by THE JOURNAL President Carter gave us a brief sum disorder, injustice, and violence. Guide mary of the proposed U.S. economic as by Thy Holy Spirit the leaders of the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Journal sistance package associated with this world in the work which remains to be treaty in a briefing at the White House done. of the proceedings be approved to date. on Monday following the signing cere Look upon us in this place that we The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem mony. may obey Thy commandments a1.d pos pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. But the pJedges of military assistance sess that peace which the world cannot Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, outlined in the Post this morning, includ give nor take away, that peace which I have no requests for my time, so if the ing the possibility of direct U.S. naval passeth all understanding and endures distinguished minority leader wishes to action to break a sea blockade and other eternally. proceed, I shall reserve my time for the such military interventions, were news moment. "Whom shall we trust but Thee, O Lord? to me. Where rest but on Thy faithful word? We are taking steps into the unknown None ever called on Thee in vain: RECOGNITION OF LEADERSIDP in these momentous days, Mr. President, Give peace, O God, give peace again." The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem and we all want to play as constructive -HENRY BAKER, 1854. pore. Under the previous order, the mi a role as possible within the limits of Amen. prudent policy. nority leader is recognized. I simply urge the administration to be APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI very sure it gives the Congress the oppor DENT PRO TEMPORE A PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE tunity we genuinely seek to be a full and fully informed-ally in the waging The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, the banner of peace. will please read a communication to the story in this morning's Washington Post Senate from the President pro tempore reported that the United States has made JAY SOLOMON (Mr. MAGNUSON) . certain pledges of economic, political, The assistant legislative clerk read the and military assistance to Israel in the Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I am de following letter: event Egypt violates the terms of the lighted to join my distinguished fellow
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