Exclusive Interview with Shuttle Pilot Robert Crippen 50% of the First Columbia Shuttle Crew Subscribes to FUSION
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Exclusive Interview with Shuttle Pilot Robert Crippen 50% of the first Columbia shuttle crew subscribes to FUSION If you want to reach him or the other half million FUSION readers who are in command positions in the fields of science, technology, and business, advertise in FUSION magazine. Call Tony Chaitkin at (212) 247-8820. He won't be able to get you space aboard the shuttle, but he can get you space in here. FUSION advertising sales. 5th Floor 304 West 58th Street New York, N.Y. 10019 Advertise In FUSION We're making progress! Literally. Because, as the Fusion Energy Foundation goes, so goes the na tion. Think about it. Our rapid growth in 1980 meant that the McCormack fusion bill became law and made possible America's renewed commitment to scientific progress. But making progress costs money. The FEF and the United States face greater challenges in 1981. And as we grow and expand our activities, we can ensure that the new administration fulfills its mandate for economic growth. In 1979 alone, more than 22 million dollars was given to zero-growth groups by just six foundations. * Our fight requires this kind of funding—and more. You can help by giving generously to the FEF and supporting some of our special activities. • Become a corporate or lifetime member of the FEF ($1,000). • Sign up your friends and colleagues as members. • Sponsor bulk subscriptions to The Young Scientist in your area's schools. • Purchase the FEF slide show on fusion to educate your friends and community. 1980 was a year of progress for the FEF and the nation. With your continued support, we'll both do better in 1981. Contributions to the Fusion Energy Foundation are tax-deductible. For more information, contact Harley Schlanger, FEF Membership Director, 888 Seventh Avenue, Suite 2404, New York, N.Y. 10019, (212) 265-3749. * See Fusion, March-April, 1981, p. 37. Features Japan: Number 1 in Fusion? The secret of Japan's success as an industrial nation is revealed for the first time in this exclusive report. The fusion program proposed in March 1981 by Japan's top scientists is the most aggressive in the world for developing fusion energy: It will put a demonstration power reactor on line by 1993. The Japanese are convinced that fusion is the key to their nation's survival— no matter what is the fate of the U.S. fusion budget. As one Japanese fusion scientist put it, "If the United States won't do it, we will." Japan's Ambitious Fusion Program: 'If the U.S. Won't Do It, We Will' Marsha Freeman Japan's Frontier Industry Strategy: JAtHI japan's JT-60 tokamak is a reactor- An Unbeatable Plan for Economic Growth scale machine designed to achieve Richard Katz breakeven plasma conditions. Here is a mock-up of the JT-60 with some of Japan's Fight for Nuclear Power the project's staff. The huge tokamak is scheduled for operation in October The American Roots of Japan, Inc. 1984. Daniel Sneider News SPECIAL REPORT Will America Take Up the Challenge of the Shuttle? Exclusive—An Interview with Capt. Robert Crippen: Getting the U.S. Back into Space Houston FEF Meeting Celebrates Launch FUSION REPORT FPCC Quarterly Meeting: 'Moving Ahead with Uncertainty' Major Advance in Tokamak Impurities Los Alamos ZT-40 Pinch Enters Tokamak Range NATIONAL Environmentalists Target Watt: 'A Prodevelopment Extremist' Speeding Up the Leasing Process Interior Sec. Watt on the Best Strategic Minerals Policy WASHINGTON Little Progress on Fusion Budget Reagan Nominates Strong Team to NASA MHD Facility Dedicated An Interview with the OTA: 'Hamiltonianism Is Like Nazism' The OTA: For or Against Technology? INTERNATIONAL This issue's exclusive interview with 'Gray Matter'—France's Most Valuable Resource Capt. Crippen will be part of a 24- An Interview with Pierre Aigrain: page Fusion report "Conquering Science for Industrial Growth Space to Develop the World," avail SCIENCE UPDATE/MILITARY able from the FEF at $10 for 10 copies, Nuclear and Thermonuclear Directed Beam Weapons postpaid (minimum order). Dr. Friedwardt Winterberg SCIENCE UPDATE/BIOLOGY 2,4,5-T: More Evidence to Drop the Ban SCIENCE UPDATE/TECHNOLOGY Advance in Mass Spectrometry Will Aid Fusion Development FEF NEWS Anatomy of a Slander: FEF 'Bad' Because It's So Effective? Pa. Meeting Initiates Fight to Open TMI 1 Departments EDITORIAL INSIDE ENERGY THE LIGHTNING ROD FEF NEWS LETTERS SCIENCE PRESS REVIEW NEWS BRIEFS DISPLAY ADS VIEWPOINT Former congressman Mike McCormack addressing the FEF conference on fusion and national security May 13. From the Editor's Desk The presidential victory of French Socialist Party candidate Francois Mitterrand May 10 is an unexpected setback for the supporters of nuclear power and economic growth. Already there are reports that Mitterrand plans to stop construction on five nuclear plants. In this issue (page 51) Pierre Aigrain, former French secretary for research, presents the view of French science that prevailed under Valery Giscard d'Estaing, Mitterrand's predecessor. Fusion will continue to cover the energy and science issues in France, and we are expanding the French-language newsletter, La Lettre de Fusion, as well as organizing activities in France. Other items of note: Don't miss the report on the DOE's Fusion Power Coordinating Committee (page 11); Interior Secretary Watt's testimony on strategic minerals (page 15); a Fusion interview with the not-so- impartial Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (page 50), Friedwardt Winterberg's latest comments on the X-ray laser (page 54), and a new column, Inside Energy, by William Engdahl (page 47). Coming up in September is a cover story on why the world needs more people—10 billion, according to Fusion editor-in-chief Dr. Steven Bardwell. Also, a full report on the FEF conference on fusion and national security May 13. Marjorie Mazel Hecht Managing Editor Editorial Development and Extremism In the mid-1970s, when most governments were discussing energy conser vation as a way of dealing with the oil embargo, Japan's scientists, business leaders, and politicians decided that fusion was the "energy of the 21st century" and, therefore, that Japan should develop it. Just as Japan in the 1960s and 1970s had pioneered in textiles, shipbuilding, automobiles, steel, and electronics, and had termed the 1980s "the decade of technology," concentrating on computers and industrial robots, so Japan saw the 1990s as the fusion technology decade. This March, based on their evaluations of fusion research worldwide, leading Japanese scientists proposed a program to develop fusion as quickly as possible, putting an Experimental Power Reactor on line as early as 1993. It is a proposal the Japanese government is certain to adopt, according to Japanese scientific sources; and it is equally certain to leave the United States trailing behind in fusion. An American Tradition The Japanese have taken the American tradition of progress seriously. Although few Americans today know it, the leaders of the Meiji revolution in the late 1800s built the foundations of modern Japan on the economic model of Alexander Hamilton and Henry Carey. Unlike today's nonsensical "free enterprise" philosophy, the American System adopted by the Japanese was dirigist—the government stimulated the establishment of industry and infra structure that were too big for individual companies to handle at the pace necessary for national development. Today's Japanese leaders continue to build on that foundation, moving the economy forward with "frontier industries" as the cutting edge. And unlike their American counterparts who have become obsessed with the fraudulent cost-accountant mentality of cutting today's budget—no matter what happens tomorrow—the Japanese are thinking now of what must be done to ensure growth and prosperity in the 21st century. Japan, for example, spends 50 percent more per capita on fusion research than the United States. August 1981 gan). But when I reached for my com power be replaced by wood-burn pass, a sepulchral voice at my shoul ing," my guide pointed out. "See der intoned, what a jolly time they're having." "Abandon all things artificial, ye "But who are those opposing them who enter here." with their weeping and wailing," I Who, then, should I see beside me inquired. as I peered through the drear light, "Ah," said the pinch-cheeked par but the gaunt form of old Parson son with a sigh of satisfaction, "those M , who informed me that he are the legions of the Save the Green was to be my guide through this Pure woods Society, whose tears fall con Wilderness. stantly on the trees and twigs so that Not long after setting out, as the the others may not start their fires." My dear friends, wood deepened, we encountered Soon thereafter we came to the A most strange tale has reached me, two groups of shades, one hissing and banks of a great marsh, clogged and of a bizarre journey undertaken by an spitting at the other, which answered swollen with a pale sludge and reek acquaintance of mine, who, until his with a horrid weeping and groaning. ing with the foulest odor imaginable. recent trip, proclaimed himself a de As I drew closer, I noted that the Here we observed another band of vout conservationist and argued a hissing noises were caused as the first shades slogging their way through the constant opposition to human inter shades rapidly rubbed two sticks to peculiar whitish ooze. Blades of tall ference with nature. Here is his ac gether in a vain attempt to start a fire, grass stabbed and slashed at their bare count. for no sooner did the wood begin to legs with the searing agony of a thou I believe I was dreaming when I catch and smoke than the spark sand razors, so that it seemed the suddenly awoke to find myself in the would sputter and die.