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Magyar Afrika Társaság African-Hungarian Union MAGYAR AFRIKA TÁRSASÁG AFRICAN-HUNGARIAN UNION AHU MAGYAR AFRIKA-TUDÁS TÁR AHU HUNGARIAN AFRICA-KNOWLEDGE DATABASE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MEDITERRÁN TANULMÁNYOK Eredeti közlés /Original publication: 2013, Mediterrán Tanulmányok / Etudes su la Region Mediterranennes (Szeged), 22. kötet / Tome 22, pp. 172 old. Elektronikus újraközlés/Electronic republication: AHU MAGYAR AFRIKA-TUDÁS TÁR – 000.002.403 Dátum/Date: 2017. szeptember / September 11. filename: MEDITERRAN_2013_Vol22 Az elektronikus újraközlést előkészítette /The electronic republication prepared by: B. WALLNER, Erika és/and BIERNACZKY, Szilárd Hivatkozás erre a dokumentumra/Cite this document Mediterrán Tanulmányok / Etudes su la Region Mediterranennes (Szeged), 22. kötet / Tome 22, AHU MATT, 2017, pp. 1–176. old., No. 000.002.403, http://afrikatudastar.hu Eredeti forrás megtalálható/The original source is available: Közkönyvtárakban / In public libraries Kulcsszavak/Key words Magyar Afrika-kutatás, lásd a tartalomjegyzéket a továbbiakban African studies in Hungary, see the Contents below ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Magyar Afrika Társaság – Afrikatudástár AZ ELSŐ MAGYAR, SZABAD FELHASZNÁLÁSÚ, ELEKTRONIKUS, ÁGAZATI SZAKMAI KÖNYV-, TANULMÁNY-, CIKK- DOKUMENTUM- és ADAT-TÁR/THE FIRST HUNGARIAN FREE ELECTRONIC SECTORAL PROFESSIONAL DATABASE FOR BOOKS, STUDIES, COMMUNICATIONS, DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATIONS * magyar és idegen – angol, francia, német, orosz, spanyol, olasz és szükség szerint más – nyelveken készült publikációk elektronikus könyvtára/ writings in Hungarian and foreign – English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Italian and other – languages * az adattárban elhelyezett tartalmak szabad megközelítésűek, de olvasásuk vagy letöltésük regisztrációhoz kötött/the materials in the database are free but access or downloading are subject to registration * Az Afrikai Magyar Egyesület non-profit civil szervezet, amely az oktatók, kutatók, diákok és érdeklődők számára hozta létre ezt az elektronikus adattári szolgáltatását, amelynek célja kettős, mindenekelőtt sokoldalú és gazdag anyagú ismeretekkel elősegíteni a magyar afrikanisztikai kutatásokat, illetve ismeret-igényt, másrészt feltárni az afrikai témájú hazai publikációs tevékenységet teljes dimenziójában a kezdetektől máig./The African- Hungarian Union is a non-profit organisation that has created this electronic database for lecturers, researchers, students and for those interested. The purpose of this database is twofold; on the one hand, we want to enrich the research of Hungarian Africa studies with versatile and plentiful information, on the other hand, we are planning to discover Hungarian publications with African themes in its entirety from the beginning until the present day. Mediterrán Tanulmányok – 22. kötet 3 MEDITERRÁN TANULMÁNYOK – 22. kötet ETUDES SUR LA REGION MEDITERRANENNES TARTALOM SOMMAIRE Piero DI GIROLAMO Affarismo e politics nel primo dopoguerra. La Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sulle spese di guerra e il governo Mussolini 5 Oliver FRIGGIERI The political significance of Dun Karm, the national poet of Malta 19 Péter VUKMAN The Balkan Pact, 1953–58. An analysis of Yougoslav–Greek–Turkish Relations based on British Archival Sources 25 Mónika SZENTE-VARGA Gibraltar in the Sixties: British, Spanish and local interests on the Rock 37 Péter KACZIBA The decreasing British influence on Cyprus 1955–1974 45 Gergely KALOTSA The 1974 Turkish invasion in Cyprus 55 Philippe BOUBA Le 1er mai à Oran en 1919 et en 1920: l'étude de la presse coloniale 65 Georgina NAGY Les débuts des relations entre la Hongrie et l'Algérie indépendante 75 Nourredine ABDI La difficile démocratisation du régime en Algérie (1954–2012) 81 4 Magyar Afrika Társaság – Afrikatudástár László GULYÁS K. Reforms in Saudi Arabia in the 1960s 105 Lukács KRAJČIR Czechoslovak arms supplies and weapons in Arab–Israeli conflicts 113 Daha CHÉRIF BA Gaza: entre occupations et résistances de 1967 à 2009 121 János BESENYŐ Hungarian military forces in Africa – past and future. Recovering lost knowledge, exploiting cultural anthropology resources, creating a comprehensive system of training and preparation 145 szeôéb 2013 MEDITERRÁN TANULMÁNYOK ÉTUDES SUR LA RÉGION MÉDITERRANÉENNE XXII. UNIVERSITÉ DE SZEGED DÉPARTEMENT D'HISTOIRE MODERNE ET D'ÉTUDES MÉDITERRANÉENNES SZEGED 2013 Directeur de publication László J. Nagy Comité de rédaction Beáta Varga, Lajos Kövér, Andrea Kökény, Péter Ákos Ferwagner Rédaction, publication Szegedi Tudományegyetem Újkori Egyetemes Történeti és Mediterrán Tanulmányok Tanszék H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2. Tel./Fax.: (36) (62) 544-805, 544-464 e-mail : [email protected] Metteur en pages Péter A kos Ferwagner ISSN : 02388308 Les opinions émises dans les articles n 'engagent que la responsabilité de leurs auteurs. SOMMAIRE PLERO DI GLROLAMO Affarismo e politics nel primo dopoguerra. La Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sulle spese di guerra e il governo Mussolini 5 OLIVER FRIGGIERI The political significance of Dun Karm, the national poet of Malta 19 PÉTER VUKMAN The Balkan Pact, 1953-58. An analysis of Yougoslav-Greek-Turkish Relations based on British Archival Sources 25 MÓNIKA SZENTE-VARGA Gibraltar in the Sixties: British, Spanish and local interests on the Rock 37 PÉTER KACZIBA The decreasing British influence on Cyprus 1955-1974 45 GERGELY KALOTSA The 1974 Turkish invasion in Cyprus 55 PHILIPPE BOUBA Le 1er mai à Oran en 1919 et en 1920 : l'étude de la presse coloniale 65 GEORGINA NAGY Les débuts des relations entre la Hongrie et l'Algérie indépendante 75 NOURREDINE ABDI La difficile démocratisation du régime en Algérie (1954-2012) 81 LÁSZLÓ GULYÁS K. Reforms in Saudi Arabia in the 1960s 105 LUKÁCS KRAJCIR Czechoslovak arms supplies and weapons in Arab-Israeli conflicts 113 DAHA CHÉRIF BA Gaza : entre occupations et résistances de 1967 à 2009 121 JÁNOS BESENYŐ Hungarian military forces in Africa - past and future. Recovering lost knowledge, exploiting cultural anthropology resources, creating a comprehensive system of training and preparation 145 Affarismo e política nelprimo dopoguerra. La Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sulle spese di guerra e il governo Mussolini PLERO DL GLROLAMO UNIVERSITÀ DI TERAMO La centralità del legame tra affarismo e política nel primo dopoguerra come condizione essenziale per l'affermazione e il consolidamento del fascismo, soprattutto nella fase definita "legalitaria"1, era stata ampiamente messa in luce in primo luogo dal lavoro di Renzo De Felice nel volume délia biografía di Mussolini dedicato alla conquista del potere2. Nelle pagine che dedicava alla complessa quanto decisiva, ai fini délia instaurazione del regime mussoliniano, vicenda Matteotti - il rapimento e l'assassinio del segretario del PSU awenuti nel giugno 1924 dopo il famoso discorso alla Camera del 30 maggio in cui, in un clima drammatico, aveva denunciato i brogli, l'intolleranza e la violenza che avevano caratterizzato le elezioni politiche del 6 aprile precedente3 - De 1 Viene correntemente definito "fascismo legalitario" o anche "fase liberale del fascismo" il periodo compreso tra la marcia su Roma - ottobre 1922 - e il discorso del 3 gennaio 1925 - che poneva fine alia crisi seguita al delitto Matteotti - periodo durante il quale il partito di Mussolini governó insieme con altre forze politiche e con il Parlamento funzionante. In realta si trattó di una fase estremamente dinamica in cui il fascismo in coalizione cercava di dotarsi di un sostegno molto piú vasto di quello che esprimeva e in cui la dialettica política, parlamentare e istituzionale si mossero su binari di ben alta complessitá e in un clima di, per usare la definizione di S. Lupo, "confuso pluralismo". Cfr. S. Lupo, II Fascismo. La política in un regime totalitario, Roma, Donzelli, 2000, p. 26. II problema in questa sede puó solo essere accennato ed il rinvio é alia bibliografía di riferimento. Non possiamo pero non richiamare per un primo parziale inquadramento del problema, oltre al giá citato lavoro di S. Lupo, i volumi di R. De Felice, Mussolini il fascista. La conquista del potere ¡921-1925, Torino, Einaudi, 1966; Id., Mussolini il fascista. L'organizzazione dello stato fascista, Torino, Einaudi, 1968; inoltre A. De Bernardi, Una dittatura moderna. II fascismo come problema storico, Milano, Bruno Mondadori, 2001; importanti le osservazioni di G. Sorensen, II doppio stato e il fascismo, in «Studi Storici», a. 42 (2001), n. 1, pp. 142 e sg. Infine come esempio di interpretazioni radicalmente divergenti sul periodo considerato, N. Tranfaglia, La prima guerra mondiale e il fascismo, Torino, UTET, 1995, pp. 309 e sg. e F. Perfetti, Lo stato fascista. Le basi sindacali e corporative, Firenze, Le Lettere, 2010, pp. 5-47. 2 R. De Felice, Mussolini il fascista. La conquista del potere cit. 3 "II discorso di svolse in un clima infernale, come si ricava dagli atti parlamentan, con i deputati fascisti scesi nell'emiciclo che urlavano la loro rabbia quasi in faccia all'oratore, tanto che il Presidente dovette far sgomberare lo spazio antistante i banchi dei deputati. In questa bolgia, l'intervento di Matteotti non fu un ragionamento concatenato ma una serie di affermazioni, di denunce di frasi non pórtate a termine perché continuamente interrotte dalle invettive degli awersari." G. Romanato, Un italiano diverso. Giacomo Matteotti, Milano, Longanesi, 2011, p. 258. 6 Piero Di GIROLAMO Felice invitava ad approfondire tutti quegli indizi
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