I the ECOLOGY of NIGERIA's PUBLIC
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THE ECOLOGY OF NIGERIA’S PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN THE PLATEAU STATE CIVIL SERVICE (2004-2014). UMOH, NANJI RIMDAN 215078173 NOVEMBER, 2016. i THE ECOLOGY OF NIGERIA’S PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN THE PLATEAU STATE CIVIL SERVICE (2004-2014) UMOH, NANJI RIMDAN 215078173 Being a Research Thesis Submitted to the College of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of aDoctor of Philosophy Degree in Policy and Development Studies. SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR BHEKITHEMBA R. MNGOMEZULU. NOVEMBER, 2016. ii DECLARATION I, UMOH, NanjiRimdan declare that: 1. The research reported in this thesis, except where otherwise indicated, is my original research. 2. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. 3. This thesis does not contain other persons’ data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons. 4. This thesis does not contain other persons' writing, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then: a. Their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced b. Where their exact words have been used, then their writing has been placed in italics and inside quotation marks, and referenced. 5. This thesis does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the Internet, unless specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the thesis and in the References sections. _____ ______ Umoh, NanjiRimdan 215078173 25th August, 2016 Date Prof. Bhekithemba Richard Mngomezulu Name of Supervisor Signature 25th August, 2016 Date iii CERTIFICATION ______________________ _____________________ Prof. Bhekithemba R. Mngomezulu Date Dissertation Supervisor ______________________ ______________________ Prof. Mahesh Naidu Date Academic Leader, Research iv DEDICATION To God Almighty, for His awesome goodness and His never-ending faithfulness. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Indeed a tree cannot make a forest. My beloved husband, I love you for always. I greatly appreciate my children - Emem-obong, Edidiong, Enobong, Ekikere-obong and Akwamfon- for their understanding and support. Emem and Edidiong, thank you because you always say, ‘Mummy Na, you can’. My mother and my siblings - Nanpon, Nanle and Nanre for their ‘cover’, I thank you for filling in the blank spaces and for going the extra mile especially when I had to be away from home even at short notice. My mother in-law, thank you for your ‘word in season’ and to my sisters and brother in-law, I appreciate your support. Pastor and Pastor Mrs Taiwo Dina and their able assistants, Pastor and Pastor Mrs Segun Love, I thank you very much for your prayers and kind support. Lynda Pam, you are the proverbial friend that sticks closer than a brother. God bless you for me. Dr. Tony Agwuele, Pastor Callistus Akobundu and Oye Olaoye, I thank you for your encouragement and for checking up on me and the progress of my work. Emma Shaibu, thank you for your support, encouragement to develop my potential and for always reminding me that there is no shaking. The Abraham Okpanachis and the Yusuf Ibn Alis, thank you for your love, support and for checking up on us constantly. God bless you and grant you more grace always! I thank God for Room 349 (New Arts Building), because it has given me good friends for life. Simeon, you are really my ‘Ezigbo Nwanne’. How can I thank you for always rising to the occasion and for all your help with my work, with my accommodation, with my registration and other official things, with the insights and details, with virtually everything even at short notice? God bless you for being so selfless! Bro. Osas, thank you for all your prayers, and for keeping me posted and in touch. Tope, Sisters Faith, Tonye and Teju, thank you for your guidance and encouragement. Ms Nancy Mudau, Ms Belinda Davis, Ms Pricilla Gouws and Mark Rieker, thank you for your patience, guidance and willingness to put me through always. vi Pastor Abiola, Victor and Blessing, your willingness to work excruciatingly long hours, sometimes late nights in the business centre and your efforts at ensuring that I met every deadline are highly appreciated. I also acknowledge Nimicit, Nehemiah, Grace and Daniel whose commitment to their responsibilities and to the ground work helped me stay focused. The Staff Officers (SOs), Directors and the civil servants in all the Ministries, Departments and Agencies MDAs) that constitute the Plateau State Civil Service, I appreciate your cooperation during the data collection process despite your workloads, tight schedules and other responsibilities. Your contribution to the success of this research is immeasurable, God bless you all. Prof. Bonaventure N. Haruna, my Head of Department at the time, thank you for allowing me take this opportunity despite the burden on the department. God bless you, Sir. My great aunt, Dr. Juliana Mafwil, I appreciate your encouragement. My elder brother, Oga Adeyi, I appreciate you for always watching out for me, putting me through, for your kind prayers, admonitions and words of encouragement. My senior colleagues, Prof. Sam Egwu, Prof. Dimis Mailafia, Prof. Pam Sha and Dr. Adakai, my friends, Dr. Lohna, Dr. Plangsat, Dr. Mary Mailafia, my colleagues in PhD candidature Mr. Yilkur Dashe, Sarah Adelabu, Kwopnan Bulus and other colleagues (academic and non-academic staff of the department), thank you for your support and encouragement. Prof. Dauda Abubakar, thank you Sir, for your willing support even at such short notice. Prof. Christie O. Okoye, my mentor, friend, mother-figure, senior colleague and internal supervisor, where do I begin? I appreciate you, Ma. Thank you for your kind patience every time I had cause to call or knock on your door and for always being there for me. Thank you for being so thorough and insisting on quality, due diligence and hardwork. My wonderful supervisor, Prof. Bhekithemba Richard Mngomezulu, I bless God for you. Your overwhelming support and exemplary leadership buoyed me on to the completion of this project. I daresay that your understanding, patient, considerate posture and dedication to duty are unequalled. Thank you for your encouragement, infectious optimism and the belief that “it is doable!” Overall, I give God all the glory and all the praise because except He builds a house, they labour in vain that build it. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Cover Page i Title Page ii Declaration iii Certification iv Dedication v Acknowledgement vi Table of Contents viii List of Tables ix List of Figures xi Chapter Outline xiv Abstract xix viii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 3.1 Large Scale Communal Clashes in and Around Jos...............................................105-106 5.1 Respondents Bio-Data Information (Questionnaire)...............................................167-169 5.2 Respondents Socio-Demographic Information (Questionnaire).................................170 5.3 Local Government Area of Origin...........................................................................172-173 5.4 Ethnic Group............................................................................................................173-174 5.5 Ministry.......................................................................................................................175 5.6 Comparison between Motivators and Employee Performance...................................179 5.6.1 One Sample Statistics..............................................................................................179 5.6.2 One-Sample Test......................................................................................................180 5.6.3 Correlations between Administrative Criteria and Employee Motivation...............180 5.6.4 Descriptive Correlation Statistical Analysis for Hypothesis One............................180 5.6.5 Descriptive Statistics for Hypothesis One................................................................180 5.6.6 Correlations...............................................................................................................181 5.6.7 Non-Parametric Correlations....................................................................................181 5.7 Correlation between the Non-Administrative Criteria and Employee Motivation.....182 5.7.1 Descriptive Statistics (Listwise)...............................................................................183 5.7.2 Descriptive Statistics for Hypothesis Two...............................................................183 5.7.3 Correlations..............................................................................................................183 5.7.4 Non-Parametric Correlations...................................................................................184 5.8 Correlations between Insecurity and Motivation........................................................185 5.8.1 Descriptive Statistics for Hypothesis Three.............................................................185 5.8.2 Correlations..............................................................................................................186 5.8.3 Non-Parametric Correlations...................................................................................186 5.9 Correlation between Motivators Predicted by the Administrative and Non-Administrative Criteria.......................................................................................188