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SIPAS Thematic Vol 8, 2019 Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 i ii Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 iii STUDIES IN POLITICS AND SOCIETY A Journal of the Nigerian Political Science Association SIPAS THEMATIC Volume 8, Number 1&2, December, 2019 Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, December, 2019 www.npsang.org iv Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 Editor-in-Chief Professor Aloysius-Michaels Okolie University of Nigeria, Nsukka Editor Dr. Gafar Idowu Ayodeji Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun Associate Editor – Robert O. Dode, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Associate Editor – Olajumoke Yacob-Haliso, Babcock University, Ogun State Associate Editor – Jacob Audu, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Associate Editor - C. Jaja Nwanegbo, Federal University, Wukari, Taraba State Business Editor Dr. Gerald Ezirim, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Consulting Editors Professor Warisu O. Alli, University of Jos Professor Hassan Saliu, University of Ilorin Professor O.B.C. Nwolise, University of Ibadan Professor Celestine Bassey, University of Calabar Professor Solomon Akinboye, University of Lagos Professor Marietu Tenuche, Kogi State University Advisory Editorial Group Professor Okwudiba Nnoli, PACREP, Enugu Professor Adele Jinadu, University of Lagos Professor Assisi Asobie, Nasarawa State University, Keffi Professor R. Ayo Dunmoye, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Professor Abdullahi Sule, Bayero University Kano Professor Makodi Biereenu-Nnabugwu, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Professor Godwin Onu, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Professor Habu Mohammed, Bayero University, Kano Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 v NIGERIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION (NPSA) Executive Committee, 2018-2021 President Professor Aloysius-Michaels Okolie Vice President Professor Hassan A. Saliu Secretary Dr. Gerald Ekene Ezirim Assistant Secretary Dr. Jacob Audu Treasurer Mrs. Rebecca Ginikanwa Nnamani Internal Auditor Professor C. Jaja Nwanegbo Director of Research Professor Gafar Ayodeji Ex-Officio Member 1 Professor Shuaibu Ibrahim Ex-Officio Member 2 Professor Robert O. Dode vi Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 Studies in Politics and Society (SIPAS) is a peer reviewed journal of the Nigerian Political Science Association. It serves as a platform for the development and exchange of ideas on political issues within and outside Nigeria. Scholarly articles are invited on any issue or field of Political Science and the Social Sciences. Areas of focus include but not limited to political theory, state and governmental institutions, public policy, public development, political economy, development and underdevelopment, gender studies, social change, conflict and peace studies, security and strategic studies, international politics and diplomacy. It also accepts scholarly reviews of relevant books. SIPAS is an annual publication which features in May/June, with special (that is thematic) editions on specific themes in December/January. Papers for consideration in either of the editions should not be under assessment or published elsewhere. SIPAS accords priority to analytical and empirical studies. Guideline for Submission 1. Articles should be typed 12 point font size and 1.5 line spacing, Times New Roman; and should not exceed 18 pages of A4 size paper - including references. 2. Articles should conform to APA citation style. The in-text citation should be restricted to author’s name, date and page, for example Udenka (2014, p.3). This should be complemented in the out-text by the authors’ surnames and initials followed by the year of publication, title, place of publication and name of publishers. For example: Zakari, O.V. (2012). Nigeria political system. Lokoja: Confluence Publishers. 3. Articles should be divided into introduction, main body and conclusion, and should be preceded by an abstract of not more than 180 words and 5 or 6 key words. 4. Pages should be numbered consecutively throughout. The title page (that is, p.1) should contain the title of the article, authors’ full name(s), address (es) and status of the author(s). Page 2 should contain only the title, abstract, key words and part of the introduction to enhance blind peer review. 5. Authors should avoid making statements that would link them to the article. Example, “Like I earlier said”, “as we have earlier asserted” etc. Submission • Forward electronic or soft copy to: [email protected]; VISIT - NPSA WEBSITE: h1p://www.npsang.org Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 vii Chronology of Past Presidents Nigerian Political Science Association (NPSA) Professor Billy Dudley 1973-1974 Professor Babs William 1974-1975 Professor Michael S. O. Olisa 1975-1977 Professor Ali D. Yahaya 1977-1979 Professor Omo Omoruyi 1979-1980 Professor Claude Ake 1980-1982 Professor Okwudiba Nnoli 1982-1984 Professor Sam Oyovbaire 1984-1986 Professor J. Moyibi Amoda 1986-1988 Professor John A.A. Ayoade 1988-1990 Professor Aaron T. Gana 1990-1992 Professor Leo Dare 1992-1998 Dr. Paul Izah 1998-2003 Professor I. Adele Jinadu 2003-2005 Professor Humphrey Assisi Asobie 2005-2007 Professor Sam Gabriel Egwu 2007-2012 Professor Abdullahi Sule 2012-2015 Professor Shuaibu A. Ibrahim 2015-2018 Professor Aloysius-Michaels Okolie NPSA President, 2018-2021 viii Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 In this Issue Whole of Government Approach to Election Security Management in Nigeria: Conceptual And Contextual Reflections Onuoha, Freedom Chukwudi & Akogwu, Joseph Chukwunonso 1 Reviewing Nigeria’s Stake and the Strategic Implication of Morocco’s Proposed Membership of the ECOWAS Ibrahim O. Salawu - - - - - - - 32 Organized Crime and Migration Crisis: A Vicious Cycle of Violence And Ungoverned Spaces in Nigeria Idris Saminu - - - - - - - - 53 Electoral Process and Security Threats in Nigeria: Lessons from 2019 General Elections Nwosu, Ikechukwu Jude Donald - - - - - 61 Mapping Dominant Issues in Restructuring Debate in Nigeria Nachana’a Alahira David - - - - - - 76 Internal Democracy in Nigerian Political Parties and the 2019 General Elections Robert O. Dode & Ogedi Jacob - - - - - 103 Governance and the Proliferation of Violent Extremism in Nigeria: Implications for National Security Philip T. Vande - - - - - - - 114 Counter Terrorism Strategy of the Buhari Administration: Challenges and Implications for National Security Sikiru Lanre Nurudeen - - - - - - 134 Security Operatives and Oil Theft in the Niger Delta Region Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 ix Epoweide Isaiah Koko - - - - - - 157 The Phenomenon of Identity Politics in Nigeria: Interrogating its Centrifugal and Centripetal Implications Maina Williams Apikins - - - - - - 169 Peace Initiatives and Electoral Violence in Nigeria: Lessons From the 2015 And 2019 General Elections Sharkdam Wapmuk - - - - - - - 190 Nigeria’s Foreign Policy and Democratic Ethos: Emerging Trends between Dogma and Dynamics Franc Ter Abagen - - - - - - - 213 Vote Selling, Electoral Outcomes and Governance Quality in Nigeria, 2015-2019 Elem, Emmanuel Obona - - - - - - 227 Empirical Reflections on Electoral Violence and Democratic Process in Two Nigerian States: Rivers and Oyo States (2011-2019) Hassan Saliu Tunde Agara & Kunle Ajisebiyawo - - - 245 The North Korea-United States of America Nuclear Debacle: Some Lessons for African Security Franklins A. Sanubi & Nneka O. Ilochi - - - - 274 The Politics of Electoral (Amendment) Bill, 2018 and the 2019 General Elections in Nigeria: Matters Arising Umaru Ibrahim Yakubu & Hassan Muritala Babatunde - 298 The Nigerian State and the Management of Nigerian Sea Ports: Interrogating the Issues and Prospects as Imperatives for National Development Offor, E. Ogbonnaya, Nwobashi Humphrey N. & Abidde Victoria Kilegha - - - - - - 319 x Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 African Migrants to Europe and its Socio-Economic and Political Effects on Africa’s Leadership Fidelis Ikaade Ochim - - - - - - 338 Influence of Good Governance on Citizen’s Participation in the Sustenance of Electoral Process in Nigeria Ndukwe Onyinyechi Kelechi - - - - - 352 Security Agencies And 2019 General Elections In Nigeria: A Critical Analysis Nwaigwe Hope Chinenyenwa - - - - - 372 Post-2019 Election Violence and Its Implications for National Security in Nigeria Nwaorgu, Humphrey Chinedu - - - - - 386 Assessment of the Performance of Election Administration in Nigeria: 2011 And 2015 Elections Experience Adekola, Abdulazeez Alao - - - - - - 405 Nigeria’s Election Tribunal and the Sustenance of Democracy Ndubuisi, Uchechukwu & Emma-Onyero, Chioma Chiti - - 431 Nigeria and Ecowas: Problems and Prospects in Contemporary Times Ibrahim Baba Shatambaya - - - - - - 446 Cost of Conducting General Elections and the Credibility of Elections in Nigeria: The 2019 General Elections in Focus Abdulkadir Ahmed - - - - - - - 456 Early Voting in Nigeria: The Privilege of the Underprivileged Emmanuel Adeniran Alebiosu - - - - - 471 Studies in Politics and Society; Volume 8, Number 1&2, Dec., 2019 xi Intra-Party Conflicts and Political Instability in Nigeria: An Examination of the Fourth Republic Hope A. Ikedinma - - - - - - - 477 Zoning Of Elective Positions as Power Sharing Strategy in the Nigerian Federation, 1998-2018 Usman Salisu Ogbo & Odiji Okpanachi
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