2302 Index Prefixes Such As Α-, Β-, O-, M-, P-, D-, L-, N-, O-, R-, S
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Dextromethorphan Attenuates Sensorineural Hearing Loss in an Animal Model and Population-Based Cohort Study
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Dextromethorphan Attenuates Sensorineural Hearing Loss in an Animal Model and Population-Based Cohort Study Hsin-Chien Chen 1,* , Chih-Hung Wang 1,2 , Wu-Chien Chien 3,4 , Chi-Hsiang Chung 3,4, Cheng-Ping Shih 1, Yi-Chun Lin 1,2, I-Hsun Li 5,6, Yuan-Yung Lin 1,2 and Chao-Yin Kuo 1 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; [email protected] (C.-H.W.); [email protected] (C.-P.S.); [email protected] (Y.-C.L.); [email protected] (Y.-Y.L.); [email protected] (C.-Y.K.) 2 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan 3 School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; [email protected] (W.-C.C.); [email protected] (C.-H.C.) 4 Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan 5 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; [email protected] 6 School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-8792-7192; Fax: +886-2-8792-7193 Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 28 August 2020; Published: 31 August 2020 Abstract: The effect of dextromethorphan (DXM) use in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has not been fully examined. We conducted an animal model and nationwide retrospective matched-cohort study to explore the association between DXM use and SNHL. -
Minnesota Statutes 1979 Supplement
MINNESOTA STATUTES 1979 SUPPLEMENT 152.01 PROHIBITED DRUGS CHAPTER 152. PROHIBITED DRUGS Sec. 152.01 Definitions. 152.02 Schedules of controlled substances; admin istration of chapter. 152.01 Definitions. [For text of subds 1 to 8, see M.S.1978] Subd. 9. Marijuana. "Marijuana" means all parts of the plant of any species of the genus Cannabis, including all agronomical varieties, whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds or resin, but shall not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mix ture, or preparation of such mature stalks, except the resin extracted therefrom, fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination. [For text of subds 10 to 17, see M.S.1978] [ 1979 c 157 s 1 ] 152.02 Schedules of controlled substances; administration of chapter. [For text of subd 1, see M.S.1978) Subd. 2. The following items are listed in Schedule I: (1) Any of the following substances, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the exis tence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical des ignation: Acetylmethadol; Allylprodine; Alphacetylmethadol; Alphameprodine; Alpham- ethadol; Benzethidine; Betacetylmethadol; Betameprodine; Betamethadol; Betaprodine; Clonitazene; Dextromoramide; Dextrorphan; Diampromide; Diethyliambutene; Dime- noxadol; Dimepheptanol; Dimethyliambutene; Dioxaphetyl butyrate; Dipipanone; Ethylmethylthiambutene; Etonitazene; Etoxeridine; Furethidine; Hydroxypethidine; Ke- tobemidone; Levomoramide; Levophenacylmorphan; Morpheridine; Noracymethadol; Norlevorphanol; Normethadone; Norpipanone; Phenadoxone; Phenampromide; Pheno- morphan; Phenoperidine; Piritramide; Proheptazine; Properidine; Racemoramide; Tri meperidine. -
A Review of Synthetic Fentanyl Metabolism and the Metabolism of Select Synthetic Fentanyl Analogues
A review of synthetic fentanyl metabolism and the metabolism of select synthetic fentanyl analogues Gerard Lee A thesis submitted for the completion of a degree in Master of Forensic Science (Professional Practice) in The School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Supervisors: Associate Professor James Speers (Murdoch) Associate Professor Bob Mead (Murdoch) Semester 1, 2019 i Declaration I declare that this thesis does not contain any material submitted previously for the award of any other degree or diploma at any university or other tertiary institution. Furthermore, to the best of my knowledge, it does not contain any material previously published or written by another individual, except where due reference has been made in the text. Finally, I declare that all reported experimentations performed in this research were carried out by myself, except that any contribution by others, with whom I have worked is explicitly acknowledged. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Bob Mead for his time guiding me and providing feedback on this endeavour. He has been a great help providing insights and advice from when I started university at Murdoch until now for which I am extremely grateful. To James Speers, thank you for helping me find a direction for this project when I started out. And finally, to my family and friends for their encouragement and support. iii Table of Contents Title page. ...............................................................................................................................I -
18 December 2020 – to Date)
(18 December 2020 – to date) MEDICINES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES ACT 101 OF 1965 (Gazette No. 1171, Notice No. 1002 dated 7 July 1965. Commencement date: 1 April 1966 [Proc. No. 94, Gazette No. 1413] SCHEDULES Government Notice 935 in Government Gazette 31387 dated 5 September 2008. Commencement date: 5 September 2008. As amended by: Government Notice R1230 in Government Gazette 32838 dated 31 December 2009. Commencement date: 31 December 2009. Government Notice R227 in Government Gazette 35149 dated 15 March 2012. Commencement date: 15 March 2012. Government Notice R674 in Government Gazette 36827 dated 13 September 2013. Commencement date: 13 September 2013. Government Notice R690 in Government Gazette 36850 dated 20 September 2013. Commencement date: 20 September 2013. Government Notice R104 in Government Gazette 37318 dated 11 February 2014. Commencement date: 11 February 2014. Government Notice R352 in Government Gazette 37622 dated 8 May 2014. Commencement date: 8 May 2014. Government Notice R234 in Government Gazette 38586 dated 20 March 2015. Commencement date: 20 March 2015. Government Notice 254 in Government Gazette 39815 dated 15 March 2016. Commencement date: 15 March 2016. Government Notice 620 in Government Gazette 40041 dated 3 June 2016. Commencement date: 3 June 2016. Prepared by: Page 2 of 199 Government Notice 748 in Government Gazette 41009 dated 28 July 2017. Commencement date: 28 July 2017. Government Notice 1261 in Government Gazette 41256 dated 17 November 2017. Commencement date: 17 November 2017. Government Notice R1098 in Government Gazette 41971 dated 12 October 2018. Commencement date: 12 October 2018. Government Notice R1262 in Government Gazette 42052 dated 23 November 2018. -
Educational Commentary – Testing for Amphetamines and Related Compounds
EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY – TESTING FOR AMPHETAMINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this exercise, participants will be able to: • list amphetamine-like compounds that may be detected by immunoassay screening tests for amphetamines. • describe the 3 types of amphetamine immunoassays based on their antibody specificity. • discuss common causes of false-positive results when testing for amphetamines. Correct interpretation of testing results for amphetamines and related compounds is dependent on many factors including an understanding of the nomenclature, structure, and metabolism of these compounds. The class of phenethylamine compounds having varying degrees of sympathomimetic activity include amphetamine, methamphetamine, and many other compounds known by several names including amphetamines (as a group), designer drugs often grouped together as ecstasy [3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4- methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA)], and sympathomimetic amines including ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine found in over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Amphetamine, a primary amine, and methamphetamine, a secondary amine, have a stereogenic center and have enantiomers or optical isomers designated d (or +) for dextrorotatory and l (or -) for levorotatory. In general, the d isomers are the more physiologically active compounds, but pharmaceutical preparations may consist of either isomer or a mixture of both isomers. When the mixture contains equal concentrations of the 2 enantiomers, it is known as a racemic mixture. The existence of enantiomers for amphetamines creates analytical and interpretative problems. Immunoassay Screening The primary screening methods for detecting amphetamines are immunoassays. The structural similarity to amphetamine or methamphetamine of the compounds previously mentioned makes it difficult to produce antibodies specific for amphetamine, methamphetamine, or both. -
Treatment Protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff Et Al
Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al PREVENTION AND REVERSAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: TREATMENT PROTOCOL by Ronald N. Kostoffa, Alan L. Porterb, Henry. A. Buchtelc (a) Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (b) Professor Emeritus, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (c) Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA KEYWORDS Alzheimer's Disease; Dementia; Text Mining; Literature-Based Discovery; Information Technology; Treatments Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al CITATION TO MONOGRAPH Kostoff RN, Porter AL, Buchtel HA. Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2018. PDF. https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/59311 COPYRIGHT AND CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2018 by Ronald N. Kostoff, Alan L. Porter, Henry A. Buchtel Printed in the United States of America; First Printing, 2018 CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE This work can be copied and redistributed in any medium or format provided that credit is given to the original author. For more details on the CC BY license, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>. DISCLAIMERS The views in this monograph are solely those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the Georgia Institute of Technology or the University of Michigan. This monograph is not intended as a substitute for the medical advice of physicians. The reader should regularly consult a physician in matters relating to his/her health and particularly with respect to any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention. -
Mixed Antagonistic Effects of the Ginkgolides at Recombinant Human R1 GABAC Receptors
Neuropharmacology 63 (2012) 1127e1139 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Neuropharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropharm Mixed antagonistic effects of the ginkgolides at recombinant human r1 GABAC receptors Shelley H. Huang a, Trevor M. Lewis b, Sarah C.R. Lummis c, Andrew J. Thompson c, Mary Chebib d, Graham A.R. Johnston a, Rujee K. Duke a,* a Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia b School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia c Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom d Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Australia article info abstract Article history: The diterpene lactones of Ginkgo biloba, ginkgolides A, B and C are antagonists at a range of Cys-loop Received 11 July 2011 receptors. This study examined the effects of the ginkgolides at recombinant human r1 GABAC recep- Received in revised form tors expressed in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp. The ginkgolides were moderately 18 June 2012 potent antagonists with IC sinthemM range. At 10 mM, 30 mM and 100 mM, the ginkgolides caused Accepted 24 June 2012 50 rightward shifts of GABA doseeresponse curves and reduced maximal GABA responses, characteristic of noncompetitive antagonists, while the potencies showed a clear dependence on GABA concentration, Keywords: indicating apparent competitive antagonism. This suggests that the ginkgolides exert a mixed-type Ginkgolide Bilobalide antagonism at the r1 GABAC receptors. The ginkgolides did not exhibit any obvious use-dependent Mixed-antagonism inhibition. Fitting of the data to a number of kinetic schemes suggests an allosteric inhibition as Use-dependent a possible mechanism of action of the ginkgolides which accounts for their inhibition of the responses GABAr receptor without channel block or use-dependent inhibition. -
Drug Formulary Medi-Cal/Healthy Families Drug Formulary • 2014
2014 Drug Formulary Medi-Cal/Healthy Families Drug Formulary • 2014 Medi-Cal/Healthy Families Drug Formulary • 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS MOLINA HEALTHCARE MEDI-CAL/HEALTHY FAMILIES DRUG FORMULARY ....................................................................................4 PRESCRIPTION CLAIMS PROCESSOR .........................................................5 USING THE MOLINA MEDI-CAL/HEALTHY FAMILIES DRUG FORMULARY ....................................................................................6 CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS .........................................................................6 INDIVIDUAL PRESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................6 GENERIC MEDICATIONS .................................................................................7 PRIOR AUTHORIZATION REQUEST PROCEDURE ......................................7 STEP THERAPY PROCEDURE .......................................................................7 PRESCRIPTION QUANTITY .............................................................................7 URGENT AND AFTER-HOURS MEDICATION POLICY ..................................8 TELEPHONE PRESCRIPTIONS.......................................................................8 DRUG FORMULARY .........................................................................................9 Chapter 1 ANALGESICS ..............................................................................9 Chapter 2 ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS ..........................................................12 Chapter -
Multi-Class Determination of 64 Illicit Compounds in Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
molecules Article Multi-Class Determination of 64 Illicit Compounds in Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Dasom Shin, Hui-Seung Kang *, Hyungsoo Kim and Guiim Moon New Hazardous Substances Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Korea; [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (H.K.); [email protected] (G.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 August 2020; Accepted: 17 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: In this work, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for screening and confirmation of 64 illicit compounds in dietary supplements. The target compounds were illegally used pharmaceutical drugs, prohibited compounds, and not authorized ingredients for different therapeutics (sexual enhancement, weight loss, muscular strengthening, and relaxing products). The validation procedure was performed to evaluate selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists guidelines. The linearity was >0.98 in the range of 1 1 0.5–200 µg L− . The LOQs were in the range 1–10 µg kg− for all target compounds. The accuracy (expressed as recovery) was 78.5–114%. The precision (expressed as the relative standard deviation) was below 9.15%. The developed method was applied for the determination of illicit compounds in dietary supplements collected from websites. As a result, the total detection rate was 13.5% (27 samples detected in 200 samples). The concentrations of detected samples ranged from 0.51 1 to 226 mg g− . -
Réglementation De La Pharmacie
R E C U E I L D E T E X T E S S U R L A P H A R M A C I E Mis à jour le 13 février 2017 par l’Inspection de la pharmacie P R É A M B U L E La réglementation relative à la pharmacie en vigueur en Nouvelle-Calédonie résulte de la coexistence des dispositions adoptées par la Nouvelle-Calédonie au titre de ses compétences en matières d’hygiène publique, de santé et de professions de la pharmacie1, et de celles adoptées par l’Etat au titre de ses compétences en matières de garanties des libertés publiques, de droit civil et de droit commercial2. Sur le contenu du recueil En 1954, la Nouvelle-Calédonie s’est vue étendre les articles L. 511 à L. 520 et L. 549 à L. 665 de l’ancien Livre V relatif à la Pharmacie du code de la santé publique métropolitain par la loi n° 54-418 du 15 avril 1954 étendant aux territoires d'outre-mer, au Togo et au Cameroun certaines dispositions du Code de la santé publique relatives à l'exercice de la pharmacie3, dont les modalités d’application ont été fixées par le décret modifié n° 55-1122 du 16 août 1955 fixant les modalités d'application de la loi n° 54-418 du 15 avril 1954 étendant aux territoires d'outre-mer, au Togo et au Cameroun certaines dispositions du code de la santé publique relatives à l'exercice de la pharmacie4. Depuis sont intervenues la loi- cadre Defferre5, la loi référendaire de 19886 et la loi organique n° 99-209 du 19 mars 1999 dont les apports ont eu pour résultat le transfert de ces articles de la compétence de l’Etat à la compétence de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, permettant à celle-ci de s’en approprier et de les modifier à sa guise par des délibérations du congrès de la Nouvelle-Calédonie7. -
Seminar on Drug Chirality
Drug chirality: Stereoselectivity in the action and disposition of anaesthetic agents Isomerism Isomers: Drugs with the same chemical composition and molecular formula. Isomers Structural Stereoisomers isomers •Constitutional / Structural isomerism: Same molecular formula but different chemical structure as the arrangement of atoms is different. Stereoisomerism: Same molecular formula and chemical structure but a different configuration (i.e. different three dimensional spatial arrangement of their atoms) Two types: 1. Optical isomers 2. Geometrical isomers Optical isomerism Enantiomers: A pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Cause of enantiomerism: presence of a chiral centre. Physiochemical properties ( solubility, melting and boiling points, ionization constant) are identical. Separation is difficult. Diastereomers: Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other and are not enantiomeric. Physiochemical properties are different. Separation is easy. What is chirality? Chiral - derived from a Greek word chiros, meaning handedness. A molecule or object that is not superimposable on its mirror image is said to be chiral. Chiral centre / asymmetric carbon / stereogenic centre – A carbon atom attached to four different substituents. • Achiral molecules usually contain a plane of symmetry but chiral molecules do not. • A plane of symmetry is a mirror plane that cuts the molecule in half, so that one half of the molecule is a reflection of the other half. • With chiral compounds, the plane of the polarized light is rotated through an angle . A compound that rotates polarized light is said to be optically active. •With achiral compounds, the light that passes through the compound remains unchanged. A compound that does not change the plane of polarized light is said to be optically inactive. -
Changing Pattern of Epidemic Dropsy in North India
Epidemic Dropsy in North India N. Sharma et al. ORIGINAL ARTICLE Changing Pattern of Epidemic Dropsy in North India NAVNEET SHARMA1,*, NAINA MOHAN 2, ASHISH BHALLA1, AMAN SHARMA1, SURJIT SINGH 1 1 The Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India 2 King's College London, Strand, London, United Kingdom Abstract Background: Epidemic dropsy occurs due to ingestion of mustard oil contaminated with oil from Argemone mexicana, leading to edema and tenderness of the abdomen, upper and lower limbs. In this study, clinical profiles of patients presented with epidemic dropsy in north India are described. Methods: This was a prospective study of patients presented with epidemic dropsy to the emergency department of Nehru Hospital, during the period from March 2004 to December 2011. Inclusion criteria were patients presenting with tender bilateral pitting leg edema and dermal telangiectasia. Clinical and laboratory data of patients were entered into case record forms at the time of presentation until discharge from the hospital. Results: Leg edema was the principal symptom in our series, and was in concurrence with current literature. Erythema has only been reported in 35-82% of published series, though it was present in all of our patients. Similarly, features such as diarrhea, hepatomegaly and anemia were more frequent in our cases compared to the literature. Furthermore, pancytopenia which was documented on peripheral blood counts in 54% of our cases has never been reported before. Conclusion: Epidemic dropsy should be considered in patients presenting with progressive erythema, edema, and tenderness of the limbs who had a history of consumption of mustard oil and confirmation of Argemone oil contamination according to laboratory tests.