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The Struggle to Redevelop a Jim Crow State, 1960–2000
Educating for a New Economy: The Struggle to Redevelop a Jim Crow State, 1960–2000 by William D. Goldsmith Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Edward J. Balleisen ___________________________ Adriane Lentz-Smith ___________________________ Gary Gereffi ___________________________ Helen Ladd Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in The Graduate School of Duke University 2018 ABSTRACT Educating for a New Economy: The Struggle to Redevelop a Jim Crow State, 1960–2000 by William D. Goldsmith Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Edward J. Balleisen ___________________________ Adriane Lentz-Smith ___________________________ Gary Gereffi ___________________________ Helen Ladd An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2018 Copyright by William D. Goldsmith 2018 Abstract This dissertation shows how an array of policymakers, invested in uprooting an unequal political economy descended from the plantation system and Jim Crow, gravitated to education as a centerpiece of development strategy, and why so many are still disappointed in its outcomes. By looking at state-wide policymaking in North Carolina and policy effects in the state’s black belt counties, this study shows why the civil rights movement was vital for shifting state policy in former Jim Crow states towards greater investment in human resources. By breaking down employment barriers to African Americans and opening up the South to new people and ideas, the civil rights movement fostered a new climate for economic policymaking, and a new ecosystem of organizations flourished to promote equitable growth. -
Dissenter in the Baptist Southland : Fifty Years in the Career of William
DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/dissenterinbaptiOObrya DISSENTER IN THE BAPTIST SOUTHLAND ) William Wallace Finlator in action, chairing a public hearing of the North Car- olina Advisory Committee to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission in August 1977. (Photo by Images Unlimited, from the collection of G. McLeod Bryan. DISSENTER IN THE BAPTIST SOUTHLAND Fifty Years in the Career of William Wallace Finlator BY G. McLeod Bryan MERCER UNIVERSITY PRESS MP — ISBN D-flbSSM-17b-D Dissenter in the Baptist Southland Copyright © 1985 Mercer University Press, Macon GA 31207 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America All books published by Mercer University Press are produced on acid-free paper that exceeds the minimum standards set by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Bryan, G. McLeod. Dissenter in the Baptist southland. "Essays and articles by William Wallace Finlator": p. 185. Includes bibliographies and indexes. 1. Finlator, William Wallace, 1913- 2. Baptists—North Carolina—Clergy—Biography. 3. Southern Baptist Convention—North Carolina Clergy—Biography. 4. North Carolina—Biography. 5. Church and social problems—United States. I. Title. BX6495.F46B78 1985 286'.132'0924 [B] 85-13752 ISBN 0-86554-176-0 (alk. paper) 1 4*5 CONTENTS A FINLATOR CHRONOLOGY ix FOREWORD xiii PREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix Chapter One DEVELOPING A POLITICAL THEOLOGY 1 Chapter Two ENJOYING CONTROVERSY 33 Chapter Three CULTIVATING THE PRESS AND LABOR 65 Chapter Four FIGHTING RACISM 93 Chapter Five MAKING PEACE 123 Chapter Six SEPARATING CHURCH AND STATE 149 vi G. -
Alexander B. Stohler Modern American Hategroups: Lndoctrination Through Bigotry, Music, Yiolence & the Internet
Alexander B. Stohler Modern American Hategroups: lndoctrination Through Bigotry, Music, Yiolence & the Internet Alexander B. Stohler FacultyAdviser: Dr, Dennis Klein r'^dw May 13,2020 )ol, Masters of Arts in Holocaust & Genocide Studies Kean University In partialfulfillumt of the rcquirementfar the degee of Moster of A* Abstract: I focused my research on modern, American hate groups. I found some criteria for early- warning signs of antisemitic, bigoted and genocidal activities. I included a summary of neo-Nazi and white supremacy groups in modern American and then moved to a more specific focus on contemporary and prominent groups like Atomwaffen Division, the Proud Boys, the Vinlanders Social Club, the Base, Rise Against Movement, the Hammerskins, and other prominent antisemitic and hate-driven groups. Trends of hate-speech, acts of vandalism and acts of violence within the past fifty years were examined. Also, how law enforcement and the legal system has responded to these activities has been included as well. The different methods these groups use for indoctrination of younger generations has been an important aspect of my research: the consistent use of hate-rock and how hate-groups have co-opted punk and hardcore music to further their ideology. Live-music concerts and festivals surrounding these types of bands and how hate-groups have used music as a means to fund their more violent activities have been crucial components of my research as well. The use of other forms of music and the reactions of non-hate-based artists are also included. The use of the internet, social media and other digital means has also be a primary point of discussion. -
Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa╎s
Journal of Dispute Resolution Volume 2019 Issue 1 Article 16 2019 Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Benjamin Zinkel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/jdr Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons Recommended Citation Benjamin Zinkel, Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation, 2019 J. Disp. Resol. (2019) Available at: https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/jdr/vol2019/iss1/16 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at University of Missouri School of Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Dispute Resolution by an authorized editor of University of Missouri School of Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Zinkel: Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa’s Truth Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Benjamin Zinkel* I. INTRODUCTION South Africa and the United States are separated geographically, ethnically, and culturally. On the surface, these two nations appear very different. Both na- tions are separated by nearly 9,000 miles1, South Africa is a new democracy, while the United States was established over two hundred years2 ago, the two nations have very different climates, and the United States is much larger both in population and geography.3 However, South Africa and the United States share similar origins and histories. Both nations have culturally and ethnically diverse populations. Both South Africa and the United States were founded by colonists, and both nations instituted slavery.4 In the twentieth century, both nations discriminated against non- white citizens. -
North Carolina's Energy Future? N.C
e North Carolina's Energy Future? N.C. Center for Public Policy Research Board of Directors Thad L. Beyle, Chairman The North Carolina Center is an independent research and Patricia H. Wagner, Vice Chairman educational institution formed to study state government policies Grace Rohrer, Secretary and practices without partisan bias or political intent. Its purpose V.B. (Hawk) Johnson, Treasurer Thomas L. Barringer is to enrich the dialogue between private citizens and public Daniel T. Blue, Jr. officials, and its constituency is the people of this state. The William L. Bondurant Center's broad institutional goal is the stimulation of greater Betty Chafin interest in public affairs and a better understanding of the Fred Corriher, Jr. profound impact state government has each day on everyone in Walter DeVries James S. Ferguson North Carolina. Charles Z. Flack, Jr. A non-profit, non-partisan organization, the Center was Joel L. Fleishman formed in 1977 by a diverse group of private citizens "for the Virginia Ann Foxx purposes of gathering, analyzing and disseminating information Karen E. Gottovi R. Darrell Hancock concerning North Carolina's institutions of government." It is William G. Hancock, Jr. guided by a self-electing Board of Directors, and has some 600 James E. Harrington individual and corporate members across the state. The Center's Watts Hill, Jr. staff of associate directors, fellows, and interns includes various Wilbur Hobby Mary Hopper scholars, students, journalists, and professionals from around the Sandra L. Johnson state. Several advisory boards provide members of the staff with Walter T. Johnson, Jr. expert guidance in specific fields such as education, publications, Betty Ann Knudsen and fund raising. -
Testimony of Lecia Brooks Chief of Staff, Southern Poverty Law Center Before the Armed Services Committee United States House of Representatives
Testimony of Lecia Brooks Chief of Staff, Southern Poverty Law Center before the Armed Services Committee United States House of Representatives Extremism in the Armed Forces March 24, 2021 My name is Lecia Brooks. I am chief of staff of the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). Thank you for the opportunity to present testimony on extremism in the U.S. Armed Forces and what we can do to address this challenge. Now in our 50th year, the SPLC is a catalyst for racial justice in the South and beyond, working in partnership with communities to dismantle white supremacy, strengthen intersectional movements, and advance the human rights of all people. SPLC lawyers have worked to shut down some of the nation’s most violent white supremacist groups by winning crushing, multimillion-dollar jury verdicts on behalf of their victims. We have helped dismantle vestiges of Jim Crow, reformed juvenile justice practices, shattered barriers to equality for women, children, the LGBTQ+ community, and the disabled, and worked to protect low-wage immigrant workers from exploitation. The SPLC began tracking white supremacist activity in the 1980s, during a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan and other organized extremist hate groups. Today, the SPLC is the premier U.S. nonprofit organization monitoring the activities of domestic hate groups and other extremists. Each year since 1990, we have conducted a census of hate groups operating across America, a list that is used extensively by journalists, law enforcement agencies, and scholars, among others. The SPLC Action Fund is dedicated to fighting for racial justice alongside impacted communities in pursuit of equity and opportunity for all. -
Stories of the Greensboro Massacre
QUAYE, TIFFANY GEORGE BUTLER, Ph.D. Stories of the Greensboro Massacre. (2012) Directed by Dr. Thomas F. Jackson. 166 pp. The dawn of the 1980s proved to be a troubling period in many southern cities in America because of racial conflict, class inequities, and frayed politics. These tensions often overlapped and, at times, were fatal. One of the most tragic examples of extreme racial violence occurred in Greensboro, North Carolina, on November 3, 1979, when the multi-racial Communist Workers Party (CWP) attended a demonstration to protest against the notorious Ku Klux Klan (KKK). The procession, referred to as a “Death to Klan” march, was scheduled to begin in a public housing, predominately black working- class community called Morningside Homes. As the marchers were gathering, a group of Nazis and Klansmen drove through the protest site in a nine-car caravan and unloaded eighty-eight seconds of gunfire. 1 As a result, five people were killed including one African American woman, three Caucasian men, and a Cuban American male, all of whom were a part of the CWP. This event, which was dubbed the 1979 Greensboro Massacre, has remained a contentious topic over the past thirty years. However, while the story appears to be straightforward, it will be demonstrated through this study that it is more complex than it appears. This work will present this one event through the lens of the personal stories of those who were directly involved in the tragedy. There were four main groups: the Communist Workers Party, the Ku Klux Klan, the Greensboro Police Department, and 1 Institute for Southern Studies, “The Third of November,” Southern Exposure 9 (1981): 62. -
A Letter from the Four Survivors of the 1979 Greensboro Massacre Currently Residing in Greensboro to the City Council of Greensboro
A Letter from the Four Survivors of the 1979 Greensboro Massacre Currently Residing in Greensboro to the City Council of Greensboro PO Box 875, Greensboro NC 27401 October 17, 2017 Dear Mayor and Councilpersons: As Greensboro residents who survived the deadly assault of November 3, 1979 and remained active in the struggle for racial, social, and economic justice in Greensboro, we applaud the Greensboro City Council for the significant step it took on August 15, 2017, in apologizing for the Greensboro Massacre. Thank you. We appreciate you for taking an action that no City Council before you saw fit to take. Your near- unanimous vote to apologize for the Greensboro Massacre opens a door to healing our city, putting us on a path to become a model city that acknowledges and takes responsibility for the wrongs in its past so as to move forward to a better future for all its residents; Greensboro needs that, and we think you will agree that our nation needs that. We are writing this letter on behalf of ourselves, non-Greensboro based survivors of that tragic day, the former residents of Morningside Homes, and the justice loving residents of Greensboro. We write not merely to take note of your apology and thank you for it, but also to help you in putting that apology in a clearer context. In that spirit, we ask you to read the seven specific apology recommendations listed below. Then please read carefully and slowly the complete document that backs up the apology recommendations. Police and City Foreknowledge of Violence along with Failure to Warn Potential Victims Having foreknowledge about a planned confrontation by violence-prone groups from many sources, including from a Klansman who was a paid police informant, but never sharing the known threat in the weeks leading up to the parade with those who stood to be harmed. -
E Cnronicie Weather
Special Primary Preview Weather May rain toda y—temp- eiature should he in the 70's. Goodbye/ Tonight will be coc 50's—and tomorrow e cnronicie with more 70 degree n • Volume 67, Number 135 Durham, North Carolina Wednesday, May 3, 1972 Sanford, Wallace meet in'Dixie Classic' battle By Rick Melcher sales and property taxes Wallace would reduce taxes Staff Writer employed by Wallace as for the lower and middle The battle between George governor of Alabama. classes while increasing taxes Wallace and Terry Sanford It is his progressivism on the wealthy and for North Carolina's 64 which Sanford hopes to corporations. delegate votes is considered convey to voters to erase the Tax reform by many to be a "Dixie notion that the South is a Although Wallace recently classic." bastion of regressivism, as said that he had been in the A more apt classification represented by Wallace. "The vanguard of the tax reform would be a confrontation South can take the lead in movement while the other between "alternatives." solving national problems," Democratic candidates "have Wallace contends that he is a Sanford says. only recently" come out for Southern "populist" who is Wallace is leading the (Continued on Page 2) George Wallace most capable of the support protest of those " 'federal up' of the disenchanted working with taxes-breaks for the fat classes, unlike the remainder cats, with welfare cheaters, of his Democratic opposition. On the other hand, Sanford Peace Vigil here set for tomorrow says that his campaign A news analysis provides an alternative to the In conjunction with a order to "accomplish true that they support the The call for national regressive populism of 'pointy-headed' bureaucrats, National Moritorium against Vietnamization in which the Gravel-Mondale-Drinan bill." demonstrations tomorrow Wallace. -
Corruption' Committee, Together with a at This Year's Democratic Recognizing the Progress Convention, Said Last Nig
the DUKE'S DAILY NEWSPAPER chronicle Volume 68, Number 37 Durham, North Carolina Friday, October 20, 1972 Grad student loses post on committee By Martha Elson position was made by the ' 'I believe that my Bill Yeager, president of new chairman of the ex p e r i ence on this the Graduate Student committee, Clifford Perry, committee is a unique Association, has not been and approved by Alex qualification that no other reappointed to the Business McMahon, chairman of the student can match and and Finance Committee of Board of Trustees. would allow me to make a the Board of Trustees. In a Sanford's second letter greater contribution to the confusing sequence of was in response to a letter committee this year than I decisions, it appears that from Yeager protesting the have before." graduate school decision not to reappoint He added "there was no representation on the him. In his letter, Yeager mention of a policy of committee has been said he "expected to be at rotation of membership on eliminated for the present as Duke two more years and this committee" when the well. had planned to continue his (Continued on Page A-5) Yeager claimed earlier work on the committee." this week that his ideological differences with other members of the committee was largely Carolina host responsible for his exclusion from the committee for this Pulitzer Prize winner Arthur Schlesinger speaking on the prospects of the ^^VletIn a lettei r last spring, to McG rally McGovern campaign yesterday at Duke. (Photo by Mary Tietz) President Terry Sanford requested that Yeager By Bill White Arthur M. -
University of Florida Dissertation
WHITE HOODS AND KEYBOARDS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE KLAN AND KU KLUX KLAN WEB SITES By ANDREW G. SELEPAK A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Andrew G. Selepak 2 To my grandfathers, George Kanala and George Selepak, who spent their lives providing for their families and inspired me to achieve. Also to my parents, Ronald and Josephine, who have supported me in all my decisions, and without their love and guidance, I would never have been able realize the honor of receiving a doctorate. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank Dr. Debbie Treise who has been my academic advisor, dissertation chair, mentor, friend, motivator, guide, and the person most responsible for me being able to achieve earning a doctorate. Second, I would like to thank Dr. Belio Martinez, Jr., who has worked with me on numerous projects, been a friend and colleague, and shown me a job is not who a person is but what they do. I would also like to thank Dr. Johanna Cleary who provided personal insight for this study and imparted me with invaluable knowledge of the field of Journalism and Communications. In addition, I would also like to thank Dr. Connie Shehan who has encouraged my diverse areas of research and always been enthusiastic about my topics of study. Finally, I would like to thank Jody Hedge, Kim Holloway, and Sarah Lee for providing untold assistance in helping me graduate. -
Truth and Reconciliation in Greensboro, North Carolina: a Paradigm for Social Transformation by Marty Nathan & Signe Waller
Poverty & Race PRRAC POVERTY & RACE RESEARCH ACTION COUNCIL January/February 2006 Volume 15: Number 1 Truth and Reconciliation in Greensboro, North Carolina: A Paradigm for Social Transformation by Marty Nathan & Signe Waller Race and class oppression form the window of opportunity for wholesale ciliation process. All who are dedicated backdrop of everyday reality in the social transformation. Such a precious to overcoming poverty and racism United States. Popular culture is blind gift signifies no less than a way to- need to reflect on what is happening to the endemic and systemic nature of ward truth and wholeness, a possibil- in Greensboro and its relevance to your racism in our political and economic ity for healing, an opening to resist own city, to our nation and to the institutions. Mostly, we tell ourselves oppression, to liberate ourselves and world. After all, similar histories of comforting stories about who we are to discover new forms of authentic de- race and class conflict and similar so- and what we have done. Told most mocracy. cial structures to those in Greensboro often from the point of view of those The city of Greensboro, North Car- are found in all regions of the coun- whose power and fortunes depend on olina, is witnessing what may happen try. institutionalizing disunity and frag- when the veil is removed, as a three- mentation, these stories rarely lay bare year-old truth and reconciliation pro- the social structures of domination that cess unfolds, flying a banner of truth, The History continue to perpetuate oppression for civic accountability, restorative justice, the vast majority.