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INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY SERIES General Editor INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY SERIES General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and Inter- national Development Studies, and Director of the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Recent titles include: Pradeep Agrawal, Subir V. Gokam, Veena Mishra, Kirit S. Parikh and Kunal Sen ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING IN EAST ASIA AND INDIA: Perspectives on Policy Reform Gavin Cawthra SECURING SOUTH AFRICA'S DEMOCRACY: Defence, Development and Security in Transition Steve Chan (editor) FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN A CHANGING GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY Jennifer Clapp ADJUSTMENT AND AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA: Farmers, the State and the World Bank in Guinea Seamus Cleary THE ROLE OF NGOs UNDER AUTHORITARIAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS Robert W. Cox (editor) THE NEW REALISM: Perspectives on Multilateral ism and World Order Diane Ethier ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT IN NEW DEMOCRACIES: Lessons from Southern Europe Stephen Gill (editor) GLOBALIZATION, DEMOCRATIZATION AND MULTILATERALISM Jacques Hersh and Johannes Dragsbaek Schmidt (editors) THE AFTERMATH OF 'REAL EXISTING SOCIALISM' IN EASTERN EUROPE, Volume I: Between Western Europe and East Asia David Hulme and Michael Edwards (editors) NGOs, STATES AND DONORS: Too Close for Comfort? Staffan Lindberg and Ami Sverrisson (editors) SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN DEVELOPMENT: The Challenge of Globalization and Democratization Anne Lorentzen and Marianne Rostgaard (editors) THE AFfERMATH OF 'REAL EXISTING SOCIALISM' IN EASTERN EUROPE, Volume 2: People and Technology in the Process of Transition Laura Macdonald SUPPORTING CIVIL SOCIETY: The Political Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Central America Stephen D. McDowell GLOBALIZATION, LIBERALIZATION AND POLICY CHANGE: A Political Economy of India's Communications Sector Juan Antonio Morales and Gary McMahon (editors) ECONOMIC POLICY AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY: The Latin American Experience Ted Schrecker (editor) SURVIVING GLOBALISM: The Social and Environmental Challenges Ann Seidman, Robert B. Seidman and Janice Payne (editors) LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING FOR MARKET REFORM: Some Lessons from China Kenneth P. Thomas CAPITAL BEYOND BORDERS: States and Firms in the Auto Industry, 1960-94 Caroline Thomas and Peter Wilkin (editors) GLOBALIZATION AND THE SOUTH Geoffrey R. D. Underhill (editor) THE NEW WORLD ORDER IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras and Steve Vieux NEOLIBERALISM AND CLASS CONFLICT IN LATIN AMERICA: A Comparative Perspective on the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment International Political Economy Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-71110-1 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Institutional Change and the Political Transition in Hong Kong Edited by Ian Scott Professor ofPolitics and Government Murdoch University Western Australia in association with the Palgrave Macmillan First published in Great Britain 1998 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-l-349-26298-4 ISBN 978-1-349-26296-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-l-349-26296-0 First published in the United States of America 1998 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-21076-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Institutional change and the political transition in Hong Kong I edited by Ian Scott. p. em. - (International political economy series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-21076-2 I. Hong Kong (China}-Politics and govemment- 1997- I. Scott, Jan, 1943- II. Series. JQ 1539.5.A58157 1998 306.2'095125~c21 97-18333 CIP Selection, editorial matter, Chapters I and 7 © Jan Scott 1998 Chapter 5 © Peter Wesley-Smith 1998 Chapters 2- 4, 6, 8-10 © Macmillan Press Ltd 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 978-0-333-69245-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Totten ham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 ()() 99 98 Contents List of Tables vii List of Figures ix List of Abbreviations X Notes on the Contributors Xll Outline Map xiv Preface XV 1 Introduction Ian Scott Part I Public Opinion, Political Culture and Perceptions of Hong Kong's Institutions 2 Public Opinion on Hong Kong's Transition Michael E. DeGolyer 29 3 Political Culture and the Prospects of Democratization Rowena Kwok and Elaine Chan 64 4 Political Parties: Public Perceptions and Implications for Change Joan Y H. Leung 85 Part II The Legal, Political and Bureaucratic Framework 5 Legal Institutions and the Law Peter Wesley-Smith 123 6 Executive-Legislative Relations Norman Miners 139 7 The Bureaucratic Transition Ian Scott 158 v VI Contents Part III The Chinese Government and the Future of Hong ,Kong's Institutions 8 The Chinese Government's Post-1997 Strategies Willy Wo-Lap Lam 183 9 China: The Dialectics of Autonomy and Integration Donald Hugh McMillen 210 10 'One Country' or 'Two Systems' Integration and Autonomy in Perspective Ian Thynne 234 Index 249 List of Tables 2.1 Annual formal political participation index 34 2.2 Influence of public opinion on government 38 2.3 Influence of groups on government 39 2.4 Influence of groups on government on livelihood issues 39 2.5 Preferences for the future of Hong Kong 43 2.6 Identity 44 2.7 Identity and political preference for the future 44 2.8 Gender and fundamental preferences 45 2.9 Education and fundamental preferences 46 2.10 Satisfaction with life in Hong Kong 48 2.11 Performance of Hong Kong government 48 2.12 Performance of the PRC government 49 2.13 Performance of the Hong Kong government in dealing with China 50 2.14 Performance of the PRC government in dealing with Hong Kong 50 2.15 Apprehension about the standard of living 51 2.16 Apprehension about personal freedom 52 2.17 Apprehension about political stability 53 2.18 Apprehension about the Hong Kong government's efficiency 53 2.19 Aspects of post-1997 Hong Kong creating the most apprehension 54 2.20 Preferences for Chief Executive 56 2.21 Preference to leave or remain in Hong Kong 58 2.22 Most important change causing emigration 58 3.1 Respondents' understanding of the meaning of a democratic government 68 3.2 Perceptions of a democratic system 69 3.3 Political activities of respondents in the past three years 70 3.4 Political knowledge about the 1995 Legislative Council elections 72 3.5 Levels of political efficacy 72 3.6 Perceptions of political liberty 74 3.7 Perceptions of social liberty 75 vii viii List of Tables 3.8 Perceptions of political equality 76 3.9 Correlation coefficients of previous scales 77 4.1 The emergence of political groups, 1982-84 87 4.2 Political orientations of major political groups in the transitional years (1985-95) 88 4.3 Public attitudes towards political freedoms 96 4.4 Satisfaction with the present political freedoms 97 4.5 Public expectation of political freedoms after 1997 98 4.6 Public confidence in the Chinese government 98 4.7 Public perceptions of political efficacy 99 4.8 Political participation of registered voters 100 4.9 Public trust in leaders and governments 101 4.10 Public perceptions of the policy orientation of political parties 104 4.11 Party identifiers' attitude towards political and judicial freedoms after 1997 107 4.12 Party identifiers' attitude towards accepting China's opinion 108 4.13 Party identifiers' attitude towards democratization 109 4.14 Public perceptions of parties' impact on Hong Kong society 110 4.15 Party identifiers' perception of the impact of parties on Hong Kong society 111 4.16 Party identifiers' perception of the impact of parties on democratization 111 4.17 Party identifiers' perception of parties' impact on China-Hong Kong relations 112 7.1 Bureaucratic values: change and continuity 160 List of Figures 2.1 Structure of Hong Kong political culture in the 1970s 35 2.2 Structure of Hong Kong political culture 1980s-90s 36 10.1 Integration and autonomy: positive and negative possibilities 235 ix List of Abbreviations BL Basic Law BORO Bill of Rights Ordinance, 1991 BPF Business and Professional Federation CCP Chinese Communist Party CE Chief Executive (of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region) CFA Court of Final Appeal CHKA China Hong Kong Airlines CMC Central Military Commission (Chinese government) CNAC China National
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