DOCSLIB.ORG

“Je Suis Charlie” As Mass Protest

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Je Suis Charlie” As Mass Protest “Je suis Charlie” as mass protest: analytical reconstruction of emerging publics in France and in global level Panel : T04P03 - Mass protests of new millennia as a challenge to social theory Author : Shota Kakabadze Co-author : Katerina Uzoikina Following the Islamist attacks on the French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris on 7th of January, crowds waved French flags and sang France's national anthem La Marseillaise from Paris to Washington and from Jerusalem to Beirut. All over the world, on every continent the message created by “Charlie Public” has found a response. The Charlie Hebdo shooting stimulated the creation of global public, which has included not only mass assemblies all over the world, but also strong international movement in social media, uniting not only civil society and global NGO's, but also heads of states and international intergovernmental organizations. Thus, this global consolidation is seen both on street and virtual level, which are interconnected with each other. Consolidation on a virtual level Following Mahoni ideas, the new reality totally transforms the features of communication in the modern society - the quality, quantity and speed of information flows, as well as its impact on political communication. New media and information technologies are opening up a range of innovative possibilities for public summoning. And the case of Charlie Hebdo only proves this fact. The Charlie Hebdo shooting received an outstanding reaction in social media. The message of solidarity with France has united millions of people in the virtual space. Twitter became the main virtual tool of public consolidation and addressing the issue. Martin Grandjean in his article “Les millions de tweets #CharlieHebdo et #JeSuisCharlie”1 tried to visualize the reaction of Twitter users. The first graph shows the most used hash-tags at the period from 6th of January to 15th of January, the period when the Charlie Hebdo shooting happened and was the item of the world agenda. According to the graph, top-hastags were #CharlieHebdo, #JeSuisCharlie, Charlie Hebdo without hash-tag and #RespectforMuslims. The most popular one was #CharlieHebdo which was used 3 559 000 times by Twitter users on 7th of January and 7 057 100 times in the whole period of analysis (from 6th to 15th of January 2015). The next widespread hash-tag was #JeSuisCharlie, which was used 2 048 000 times at the day of shooting and 5 272 000 times during these 10 days. Source: http://www.martingrandjean.ch/graphique-charliehebdo-jesuischarlie/ Apart from these main key hashtags there were also some other messages used by the Twitter users at that time. Among them we can find #NousSommesCharlie (which means “We are Charlie”), #JesuisAhmed (in english “I am Ahmed”, the tribute to a Muslim police officer killed during the attack on 7th of January), #JesuisJuif (In English “I am a Jew”, hashtag expressing solidarity for the Jewish people living in France after the attacks on a Jewish Supermarket in Paris in the following days after Charlie Hebdo attack), #LaFranceEstCharlie (in English “France is Charlie”, the hash tag to show French unity) and #NousSommesEnsemble (in English “we are together”, this hashtag was used to show the worldwide unity and solidarity with France), #VoyageAvecMoi (in English “travel with me” to support muslims in fear of travelling after the attack), #TousALaMarcheDu11Janvier (In English “All on the March on 11th of January” which aimed to attract more people to join mass march of solidarity), #JeSuisFlic or #JeSuisPolicier(In English “I am a Police officer” for commemoration of another policeman killed during the terrorist attack), #Killallmuslims (the hashtag has been used in the social network since 2013 and was given a boost by the Charlie Hebdo attack, still its popularity is controversial, as it was also used by people, who criticized this approach. For example, “People have no heart who really want to #KillAllMuslims”), #JesuisKouachi (the opposite campaign used by Islamists to support two brothers Kouachi that were suspected of the attack on Charlie Hebdo magazine and then killed by the police), #AnnulezLaMarcheDu11Janvier (In English “Cancel the march on 11th of January” which was used by the users who were afraid of the repeat of the terrorist attack during the march), #JeSuisCharlieMartel (hashtag which remind of Charles Martel, French military leader of the 8th century who went down in history as the savior of Europe from the Arabs at Poitiers), #JeNeSuisPasCharlie (hashtag opposite to “jesuischarlie” and used for different reason by people who did not agree to express solidarity with France) and the last but not the least is #JeSuisNico that was made to make fun of former French president Nicolas Sarkozy who pushed his way to the front during the march of solidarity. These variety of messages, their distribution is shown in the following table and graph. Message Number of tweets from 6th to 15th of January #NousSommesCharlie 203 050 #JesuisAhmed 207 800 #JesuisJuif 62 700 #LaFranceEstCharlie 30 040 #NousSommesEnsemble 4 130 #VoyageAvecMoi 7 530 #TousALaMarcheDu11Janvier 10 230 #JeSuisFlic 13 530 #JeSuisPolicier 19 070 #Killallmuslims 107 400 #JesuisKouachi 46 510 #AnnulezLaMarcheDu11Janvier 104 100 #JeSuisCharlieMartel 4 190 #JeNeSuisPasCharlie 75 200 #JeSuisNico 56 750 Source: http://www.martingrandjean.ch/graphique-charliehebdo-jesuischarlie/ Thus, the analysis of data shows that the most popular messages, that were pushed the process of summoning the virtual public, were “CharlieHebdo” and “JeSuisCharlie”. Now it is also interesting to look, how these key messages were distributed worldwide. For this purpose we will follow Matthew Zook’s article “Mapping the Twitter Reaction to the Charlie Hedbo Attack”2, where the author collected 73,000 geotagged tweets with the hashtags: #charliehebdo or #jesuischarlie that were posted in social network from 7th of January to noon of 8th of January. Zook aggregated these tweets to the country level and normalized by a random sample of tweets in each country during the same time period. This procedure helped to compare the reaction in countries with differences in population and access to the Internet. The author calculated a location quotient for each of the country. The location quotient that is more than 1 shows the higher level of tweets about Charlie Hebdo in comparison with usual amount of tweets in this country. A quotient less 2 http://www.floatingsheep.org/2015/01/mapping-twitter-reaction-to-charlie.html than 1 shows the lower level of tweeting. The results of this analysis are presented in the following table: This table can be supplemented by the map, created by Rich Donohue, a post-doc at the University of Kentucky Department of Geography. This map shows the widespread reaction on the Charlie Hebdo shooting all around the world. “Red” countries (France, Belgium and French Guyana) have the highest relative number of tweets on Charlie Hebdo. The “orange” countries (Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Austria, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Cameroon, Lebanon, India and Pakistan) show a greater level of tweets related to Charlie Hebdo than one would expect when taking into account typical level of tweeting in this country. The countries shaded in blue have a lower level of tweets related to Charlie Hebdo than usually and those shaded in grey failed to meet the minimum threshold of tweeting activity (15 tweets) to be included in the analysis. The reaction in France and closest Belgium is comprehensible, as well as great level of tweeting in other neighboring European countries. What is more interesting is the support outside of Europe by the former French colonies: Canada, Algeria, Tunisia and some others that do not have such historical ties: Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan. Source: http://www.floatingsheep.org/2015/01/mapping-twitter-reaction-to-charlie.html This global reaction to the Charlie Hebdo shooting caused the translation of the key messages “Je suis Charlie” into other languages. Thus, in an official website of Charlie Hebdo appeared the translated versions of a rallying cry against the gunmen attack on 7th of June. We can find there translations into 7 languages: German, Farsi, Spanish, Arabic, Slovakian, Russian and Czech. Moreover, Charlie public got a special tool for its consolidation. There was created a special phone application “Je suis Charlie” intended to help users around the world to show their solidarity. The application is provided with the description in the official stores, that state “Because "Je suis Charlie" has become the symbol of freedom of speech whatever your beliefs, your country and your opinions, download the "I am Charlie" app and simply state where you stand on today's world map”. The number of “Charlies”, people who downloaded and used this application is 264 891. Thus, “je suis Charlie” became a powerful message of public consolidation. One of the reasons for the popularity of the slogan “je suis Charlie” is rooted in the national culture of protest in France. It reminds the similar slogan of the French revolution of May 1968, which was “Nous sommes tous des Juifs allemands” (We are all German Jews). The slogan "We are all - German Jews" was the response of French students on the attempt of the French authorities to deport one of the leaders of the protest movement in May 1968 - Daniel Cohn-Bendit, a German student of Jewish descent, who studied in the country. According to A. Oleynic3, the slogan of the past and the new one appeared in 2015 looks quite similar, still have the difference, as that from 1968 expresses the collective solidarity, while the new one “je suis charlie” is personalized and became more than “nous sommes charlie”, which also appeared in social media, but did not become the key slogan. Consolidation of public on the streets Undoubtedly, mass public actions in solidarity with journalists shot at their job places at magazine Charlie Hedbo united millions of people.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “State of Civil Society Report: 2015
    the year in review State of Civil Society report 2015: THE YEAR IN REVIEW ...these stories tell us that only civil introduction society, in its broadest sense, is taking a It has been another year of hard work and high achievement for civil society. The story of the year since the stance against the 2014 State of Civil Society Report was published has partly been one of a continuing series of attacks on civil concentration of society in the many countries where, when civil society asks difficult questions about power, the powerful seek to silence it. But is has also been a story of impressive and sustained civil society response, in a world that has power in the hands of become more turbulent and contested. a tiny, global, super- rich elite, and against As we show below, civil society faces challenges - of lack of space, under-resourcing and limited access to the attempts of many decision-makers. Civil society also needs continually to prove its connection with and relevance to citizens, political leaders and and it needs to demonstrate its ability to stay ahead of trends and innovate. When civil society groups do not corporate interests do these, they fail. But so often, we see civil society leading the response to crisis, taking on difficult issues, contributing to change, and winning arguments for social justice. to undermine human rights and This year in review section of the 2015 CIVICUS State of Civil Society Report is complemented by our report’s the value of people’s special thematic section on the resourcing for civil society, and the 27 guest contributions, from civil society participation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bowl Round 10 Bowl Round 10 First Quarter
    NHBB B-Set Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 10 Bowl Round 10 First Quarter (1) This country was the birthplace of the starting shortstop and first baseman for the 2015 Chicago White Sox, Alexei Ramirez and Jose Abreu. The names of players like Yunel Escobar and Yoenis Cespedes, begin with \Y," as inspired by this country's former ties with diplomats like Yuri Pavlov. For ten points, name this country from which Aroldis Chapman and Yasiel Puig defected, leaving behind the only Communist government in Latin America. ANSWER: Cuba (2) Potential violations of this law are considered using the \rule of reason" doctrine. The Danbury Hatters court case applied this law to labor unions, but it did not apply to manufacturing after the government failed in their suit against the E.C. Knight Company. The Standard Oil Company was broken up using, for ten points, what 1890 antitrust law, named for an Ohio senator and later modified by the Clayton Antitrust Act? ANSWER: Sherman Antitrust Act (3) This party engaged in frequent violent clashes against the Inkatha Freedom Party, and one leader defected from this party to form the Economic Freedom Fighters. This party's armed division, Umkhonto we Sizwe, was established in response to the Sharpeville massacre. This party first rose to power in 1994, defeating F.W. De Klerk's National Party. Jacob Zuma is the current leader of, for ten points, what anti-apartheid party in South Africa? ANSWER: African National Congress (accept Umkhonto we Sizwe before mentioned) (4) This artistic style dominates Frederick the Great's summer palace at Sanssouci.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorist Tactics and Strategies Compiled and Selected by Judith Tinnes
    PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 12, Issue 5 Bibliography: Terrorist Tactics and Strategies Compiled and selected by Judith Tinnes [Bibliographic Series of Perspectives on Terrorism - BSPT-JT-2018-6] Abstract This bibliography contains journal articles, book chapters, books, edited volumes, theses, grey literature, bibliographies and other resources on terrorist tactics and strategies (such as the planning of attacks, targeting, decision making, and successful or failed plots). Though focusing on recent literature, the bibliography is not restricted to a particular time period and covers publications up to September 2018. The literature has been retrieved by manually browsing more than 200 core and periphery sources in the field of Terrorism Studies. Additionally, full-text and reference retrieval systems have been employed to broaden the search. Keywords: bibliography; resources; literature; terrorism; tactics, strategies, planning, plots, attacks, targeting, decision making NB: All websites were last visited on 16.09.2018. - See also Note for the Reader at the end of this literature list. Bibliographies and other Resources Al-Khalidi, Ashraf; Renahan, Thomas (Eds.) (2015, May-): Daesh Daily: An Update On ISIS Activities. URL: http://www.daeshdaily.com Atkins, Stephen E. (2011): Annotated Bibliography. In: Stephen E. Atkins (Ed.): The 9/11 Encyclopedia. (Vol. 1). (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 481-508. Bergen, Peter et al. (2016-): Terrorism in America after 9/11. (New America In-Depth Report). URL: https:// www.newamerica.org/in-depth/terrorism-in-america Bowie, Neil G. (2017, August): Terrorism Events Data: An Inventory of Databases and Data Sets, 1968-2017. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(4), 50-72. URL: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/content/assets/ customsites/perspectives-on-terrorism/2017/issue-4/0620174-terrorism-events-data-an-inventory-of- databases-and-data-sets-1968-2017-by-neil-g.-bowie.pdf Bowie, Neil G.; Schmid, Alex P.
    [Show full text]
  • April 11, 2021 Under Attack: Terrorism and International Trade in France
    April 11, 2021 Under Attack: Terrorism and International Trade in France, 2014-16* Volker Nitsch Isabelle Rabaud Technische Universität Darmstadt Université d’Orléans, LEO, Abstract Terrorist events typically vary along many dimensions, making it difficult to identify their economic effects. This paper analyzes the impact of terrorism on international trade by examining a series of three large-scale terrorist incidents in France over the period from January 2015 to July 2016. Using firm-level data at monthly frequency, we document an immediate and lasting decline in cross-border trade after a mass terrorist attack. According to our estimates, France’s trade in goods, which accounts for about 70 percent of the country’s trade in goods and services, is reduced by more than 6 billion euros in the first six months after an attack. The reduction in trade mainly takes place along the intensive margin, with particularly strong effects for partner countries with low border barriers to France, for firms with less frequent trade activities and for homogeneous products. A possible explanation for these patterns is an increase in trade costs due to stricter security measures. JEL Classification Codes: F14; F52 Keywords: shock; insecurity; uncertainty; terrorism; international trade; France * We thank Béatrice Boulu-Reshef, Stefan Goldbach, Jérôme Héricourt, Laura Hering, Christophe Hurlin, Miren Lafourcade, Laura Lebastard, Daniel Mirza, Serge Pajak, Felipe Starosta de Waldemar, Patrick Villieu, three anonymous referees, and participants at presentations in Bern (European Trade Study Group), Darmstadt, Köln (Verein für Socialpolitik), Orléans (Association Française de Science Economique), Paris (Université Paris-Saclay, RITM, and Université Paris-Est, ERUDITE), and Poitiers for helpful comments.
    [Show full text]
  • 394Ff57e71b60eca7e10344e37c4c9fc.Pdf
    global history of the present Series editor | Nicholas Guyatt In the Global History of the Present series, historians address the upheavals in world history since 1989, as we have lurched from the Cold War to the War on Terror. Each book considers the unique story of an individual country or region, refuting grandiose claims of ‘the end of history’, and linking local narratives to international developments. Lively and accessible, these books are ideal introductions to the contemporary politics and history of a diverse range of countries. By bringing a historical perspective to recent debates and events, from democracy and terrorism to nationalism and globalization, the series challenges assumptions about the past and the present. Published Thabit A. J. Abdullah, Dictatorship, Imperialism and Chaos: Iraq since 1989 Timothy Cheek, Living with Reform: China since 1989 Alexander Dawson, First World Dreams: Mexico since 1989 Padraic Kenney, The Burdens of Freedom: Eastern Europe since 1989 Stephen Lovell, Destination in Doubt: Russia since 1989 Alejandra Bronfman, On the Move: The Caribbean since 1989 Nivedita Menon and Aditya Nigam, Power and Contestation: India since 1989 Hyung Gu Lynn, Bipolar Orders: The Two Koreas since 1989 Bryan McCann, The Throes of Democracy: Brazil since 1989 Mark LeVine, Impossible Peace: Israel/Palestine since 1989 James D. Le Sueur, Algeria since 1989: Between Terror and Democracy Kerem Öktem, Turkey since 1989: Angry Nation Nicholas Guyatt is assistant professor of history at Simon Fraser University in Canada. About the author Kerem Öktem is research fellow at the European Studies Centre, St Antony’s College, and teaches the politics of the Middle East at the Oriental Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Blasphemy, Charlie Hebdo, and the Freedom of Belief and Expression
    Blasphemy, Charlie Hebdo, and the Freedom of Belief and Expression The Paris attacks and the reactions rashad ali The horrific events in Paris, with the killing of a group of Other reactions highlight and emphasise the fact journalists, a Police officer, and members of the Jewish that Muslims are also victims of terrorism – often the community in France have shocked and horrified most main victims – a point which Charlie Hebdo made in commentators. These atrocities, which the Yemen branch an editorial of the first issue of the magazine published of the global terrorist group al-Qaeda have claimed the following the attack on its staff. Still others highlight responsibility for,1 have led to condemnations from that Jews were targeted merely because they were Jews.2 across the political spectrum and across religious divides. This was even more relevant given how a BBC journalist Some ubiquitous slogans that have arisen, whether appeared to suggest that there was a connection between Je suis Charlie, Ahmed, or Juif, have been used to show how “Jews” treated Palestinians in Israel and the killing of empathy with various victims of these horrid events. Jews in France in a kosher shop.3 These different responses illustrate some of the divides in The most notorious response arguably has not come public reaction, with solidarity shown to various camps. from Islamist circles but from the French neo-fascist For example, some have wished to show support and comedian Dieudonne for stating on his Facebook solidarity with the victims but have not wished to imply account “je me sens Charlie Coulibaly” (“I feel like Charlie or show support to Charlie Hebdo as a publication, Coulibaly”).
    [Show full text]
  • The Geopolitics of Laïcité in a Multicultural Age: French Secularism, Educational Policy and the Spatial Management of Difference
    The Geopolitics of Laïcité in a Multicultural Age: French Secularism, Educational Policy and the Spatial Management of Difference Christopher A. Lizotte A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Katharyne Mitchell, Chair Victoria Lawson Michael Brown Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Geography ©Copyright 2017 Christopher A. Lizotte University of Washington Abstract The Geopolitics of Laïcité in a Multicultural Age: French Secularism, Educational Policy and the Spatial Management of Difference Christopher A. Lizotte Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Katharyne Mitchell Geography I examine a package of educational reforms enacted following the January 2015 attacks in and around Paris, most notably directed at the offices of the satirical publication Charlie Hebdo. These interventions, known collectively as the “Great Mobilization for the Republic’s Values”, represent the latest in a string of educational attempts meant to reinvigorate a sense of national pride among immigrant-descended youth – especially Muslim – in France’s unique form of state secularism, laïcité. While ostensibly meant to apply equally across the nationalized French school system, in practice La Grande Mobilisation has been largely enacted in schools located in urban spaces of racialized difference thought to be “at risk” of anti-republican behavior. Through my work, I show that practitioners exercise their own power by subverting and adapting geopolitical discourses running through educational laïcité – notably global security, women’s rights, and communalism – are nuanced by school-based practitioners, who interpret state directives in the light of their institutional knowledge and responsiveness to the social and economic profiles of their student populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom of Expression and Morality in the West
    Online-ISSN 2411-2933, Print-ISSN 2411-3123 June 2015 Freedom Of Expression And Morality In The West Dr. Yusuf Dalhat (07067377531) Federal College of Education (FCE), Zaria Islamic Studies Department Email address: [email protected] Abstract This paper discusses the Freedom of Expression and Morality in the West with special reference to Charlie Hebdo attack and its implications. It highlights some of the reactions to the attack, with many western Scholars calling on Muslims to apologize. The paper has rather drawn their attention to the root cause of the attack which seems to have been ignored by them, being the attitude of the western society to Islam. Solution has been suggested for the attention of the Western Powers and other International Human Rights Organizations to set out Standards of respect for people’s faith for which one may be indicted for violating the moral laws. Introduction It was on Wednesday morning, 7th January 2015; two brothers from a Muslim Algerian family in France forced their way into the office of the French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris killing about twelve people (Wilsher, 2015). Charlie Hebdo is a satirical magazine which features cartoons, reports, polemics and jokes. It is a secularist anti-religious newspaper, publishing articles which mock religions including the three major religions of the world, Islam, Judaism and Christianity. The newspaper also mocks various groups, whether in political arena or something of that nature. Such publications once appeared from 1962 to 1981,
    [Show full text]
  • Je Suis Charlie?
    Je Suis Charlie? Why Positive Integration of Muslims in France Reinforces the Republican Ideal By Emmanuel Todd e can now say, with the benefit of hindsight, that in January 2015 France succumbed to an attack of hysteria. The massacre of the editorial board Wof the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, as well as of several police officers and the customers of a Jewish shop, triggered a collective reaction unprec - edented in our country’s history. It would have been impossible to discuss it in the heat of the moment. The media joined hands to denounce terrorism, to celebrate the admirable character of the French people, and to sacralize liberty and the French Republic. Charlie Hebdo and its caricatures of Mohammed were enshrined. The government announced that it was giving a grant to the weekly so that it could get back on its feet. Crowds of people followed the government’s appeal to march in protest throughout the land: they held pencils to symbolize press freedom and applauded the state security police and the marksmen posted on the rooftops. The logo “Je suis Charlie” (“I am Charlie”), written in white letters against a black background, could be seen everywhere: on our screens, in the streets, on restaurant menus. Children came home from school with a letter C written on their hands. Kids aged 7 and 8 were interviewed at the school gates and asked for their thoughts on the horror of the events and the importance of one’s freedom to draw caricatures. The government decreed that anyone who failed to toe the line would be punished.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coverage of the Terrorist Attack on Charlie Hebdo O Repórter Ea
    DOI 10.11606/issn.2316-7114.sig.2019.147446 The reporter and the news story on TV: the coverage of the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo O repórter e a reportagem na // TV: a cobertura do atentado contra o Charlie Hebdo //////////////// Ana Paula Goulart Ribeiro1 Igor Sacramento2 1 PhD in Communication and Culture from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and Professor of the Graduate Program in Communication and Culture at UFRJ. E-mail: [email protected] 2 PhD in Communication and Culture from UFRJ. Professor of the Graduate Program in Communication and Culture at UFRJ and the Graduate Program in Health Information and Communication at Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz). E-mail: [email protected] Significação, São Paulo, v. 46, n. 51, p. 59-77, jan-jun. 2019 | 59 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// The reporter and the news story on TV | Ana Paula Goulart.Ribeiro e Igor Sacramento Abstract: this article compares Jornal Nacional (TV Globo) and Le 20 Heures (TF1) in their coverages of the terrorist attack on the French newspaper Charlie Hebdo on January 7, 2015, from the different forms of reporter performance in two different television cultures: the Brazilian culture, marked by subjectivation, and the French culture, marked by disembodiment. Keywords: television; journalism; culture; Brazil; France. Resumo: este artigo compara as coberturas dos programas Jornal Nacional (da TV Globo) e Le 20 Heures (do canal TF1) sobre o atentado terrorista ao jornal francês Charlie Hebdo em 7 de janeiro de 2015, a partir das diferentes formas de performance dos repórteres em duas culturas televisivas distintas: a brasileira, marcada pela subjetivação, e a francesa, pela descorporalização.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 Charlie Hebdo Case Study
    Putri, et.al., Charlie Hebdo Case Study: Public Order as a Limit… 9 CHARLIE HEBDO CASE STUDY: PUBLIC ORDER AS LIMIT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION* Devita Kartika Putri** and Agam Subarkah*** Abstract Intisari The freedom of expression is not an Kebebasan berekspresi bukan merupakan absolute right. It comes with limited hak mutlak. Terdapat keterbatasan dari limitations set out in the ICCPR and ECHR— ICCPR dan ECHR— yang berlaku kepada applicable to France, taking into account Prancis, dengan mempertimbangkan public order, ensuring the rights of others, ketertiban umum, menjamin hak-hak orang and it needs to be prescribed by law. A lain, dan perlu ditentukan oleh hukum. state may give its full support to the Sebuah negara dapat memberikan dukungan freedom of expression, but when its penuh terhadap kebebasan berekspresi, exercise is no longer harmless, one must tetapi ketika implementasinya tidak lagi question the extent of such freedom; how it berbahaya, harus dipertanyakan sejauh must be compatible and in respect with mana kebebasan tersebut; bagaimana other rights that are as important as the kebebasannya kompatibel dan sehubungan freedom of expression. This article seeks to dengan hak-hak lain yang sama pentingnya see how the limitation to freedom of dengan kebebasan berekspresi. Naskah ini expression can be applied in relation to berusaha untuk melihat bagaimana post Charlie Hebdo event. pembatasan kebebasan berekspresi dapat diterapkan dalam kaitannya dengan kasus Charlie Hebdo. Keywords: Charlie Hebdo, freedom of expression, public order, respect for religion, responsibility to protect, human rights. Kata Kunci: Charlie Hebdo, kebebasan berekspresi, ketertiban umum, menghormati agama, tanggung jawab untuk melindungi, hak asasi manusia.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Armenian Studies 31 No
    SPECIAL ISSUE: Centenary of the Armenian Resettlement REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics and International Relations 31no: 2015 Sina AKŞİN Uluç GÜRKAN Tal BUENOS Birsen KARACA Sadi ÇAYCI Jean-Louis MATTEI Sevtap DEMİRCİ Armand SAĞ Maxime GAUIN Turgut Kerem TUNCEL Christopher GUNN BOOK REVIEW Michael M. GUNTER Jeremy SALT REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics and International Relations 2015, No: 31 EDITOR Ömer Engin LÜTEM MANAGING EDITOR Aslan Yavuz ŞİR EDITORIAL BOARD In Alphabetical Order Prof. Dr. Seçil KARAL AKGÜN Ömer E. LÜTEM (Ret. Ambassador) Prof. Dr. Hüseyin BAĞCI (Middle East Technical University) Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI (Marmara University) Prof. Dr. Nedret KURAN BURÇOĞLU (Boğaziçi University) Prof. Dr. Nesib NESSİBLİ (Khazar University) Prof. Dr. Sadi ÇAYCI (Başkent University) Prof. Dr. Hikmet ÖZDEMİR (Political Scientist) Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇİÇEK (İpek University) Prof. Dr. Hüseyin PAZARCI Dr. Şükrü ELEKDAĞ Prof. Dr. Mehmet SARAY (Ret. Ambassador) (Historian) Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN Dr. Bilal N. ŞİMŞİR (Institute of History of Turkish Revolution) (Ret. Ambassador, Historian) Dr. Erdal İLTER Dr. Pulat TACAR (Historian) (Ret. Ambassador) Alev KILIÇ (Ret. Ambassador, Director of the Center for Eurasian Studies) ADVISORY BOARD In Alphabetical Order Ertuğrul APAKAN Dr. Ayten MUSTAFAYEVA (Ret. Ambassador) (Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) Prof. Dr. Edward ERICKSON Jeremy SALT (Historian) Prof. Dr. Norman STONE Prof. Dr. Michael M. GUNTER (Bilkent University) (Tennessee Technological University) Prof. Dr. Ömer TURAN Prof. Dr. Enver KONUKÇU (Middle East Technical University) Prof. Dr. Jean-Louis MATTEI Prof. Dr. Hakan YAVUZ (Historian) (Utah University) Prof. Dr. Justin MCCARTHY (University of Louisville) PUBLISHER Ali Kenan ERBULAN Review of Armenian Studies is published biannually Review of Armenian Studies is a refereed journal.
    [Show full text]