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August 2013 PPARISARIS AAIRIR SSHOWHOW RREPORTEPORT

FIXED-WING AIR AMBULANCE ANGLO-FRENCH MISSILE TECHNOLOGY

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www.4hp.org.uk Hi-specification lecture theatre which seats No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ up to 250 guests Volume 40 Number 8 August 2013 The 21st Century character of air power Flying for your lives The Sir Sydney Camm The special role of 12 Lecture, as delivered by 18 AirMed’s fi xed-wing air the then Chief of the Air ambulance service. Contents Staff Sir Stephen Dalton.

Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome 20 Awaiting the pilot The latest aviation and shortage tsunami aeronautical intelligence, A report on the second analysis and comment. RAeS/IATA training conference. 9 On the move The latest aerospace job 58 The Entente Aerospatiale Wake-up calls changes and promotions. — time for action Keith Hayward on the future 10 Transmission of Anglo-French defence In the space of a less than a year, two civil airliners land short of a Your letters, emails, tweets co-operation agreements. runway, one in Bali with Lion Air, the latest in San Francisco with an and feedback. Asiana Boeing 777 with the loss of three lives. What connects these two incidents? The answer must be airmanship, pilot monitoring and in manual handling skills. Though Features the NTSB is still investigating the crash at San Francisco, initial reports suggest that the approach was low and far too slow. Though there was no ILS in operation, the weather was clear and. barring an unknown factor such as a double bird strike, a visual landing should have been straightforward. Though the fatalities were thankfully low this time, this is yet another wake-up call that manual handling skills need to be 24 28 re-emphasised and given greater attention. The industry and stakeholders are already working to achieve this with new training Targeting tomorrow Gama — 30 years of Future research projects from progress concepts. However, the surging demand for pilots raises the spectre the Anglo-French Materials A look at the expanding that this level of quality will be diluted to fi ll fl ightdeck seats. and Components for Missiles worldwide business aviation These incidents are a warning. Next time the holes in the ‘swiss Innovation and Technology services provider Gama Partnership programme. Aviation. cheese’ safety model may line up completely to produce a far greater loss of life.

Tim Robinson

[email protected] 30 34

Apprenticeships reach new Age of extremes heights Report from the 2013 Paris NEWS IN BRIEF An overview of the modern Air Show. aero apprentice scene.

Editor-in-Chief AEROSPACE is published by the Royal AEROSPACE subscription rates: Tim Robinson Aeronautical Society (RAeS). Non-members, £140 +44 (0)20 7670 4353 Chief Executive Any member not requiring a print 41 Afterburner [email protected] Simon C Luxmoore version of this magazine, please Deputy Editor Advertising contact: [email protected] Bill Read Emma Bossom Please send your order to: 42 Message from our President/RAeS Golf Day +44 (0)20 7670 4351 +44 (0)20 7670 4342 Dovetail Services Ltd, 800 Guillat Message from our Chief Executive [email protected] [email protected] Avenue, Kent Science Park, 43 Publications Manager Unless specifi cally attributed, no Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8GU, UK. 44 Book Reviews Chris Male AEROSPACE +44 (0)844 848 8426 material in shall be taken Library Additions +44 (0)20 7670 4352 to represent the opinion of the RAeS. +44 (0)844 856 0650 (fax) 47 [email protected] [email protected] Reproduction of material used in this 48 Obituaries Production Editor USA: Periodical postage paid at Online publication is not permitted without the 52 Diary Wayne J Davis written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. Champlain New York and additional Additional features and content +44 (0)20 7670 4354 offi ces. Printed by Buxton Press Limited, 54 Corporate Partners are available to view online on [email protected] Postmaster: Send address changes Palace Road, Buxton, Derbyshire 55 NATS Swanwick www.media.aerosociety.com/ Editorial Offi ce SK17 6AE, UK to IMS of New York, PO Box 1518, aerospace-insight Royal Aeronautical Society Champlain NY 12919-1518, USA. 56 RAeS Elections No.4 Hamilton Place Including: Europe’s civil UAV roadmap released, London W1J 7BQ, UK Distributed by Royal Mail 57 Society News Sweeping up space debris, Five daily blogs live +44 (0)20 7670 4300 ISSN 2052-451X from the 2013 Paris Air Show and [email protected] 58 The Last Word A400M readies for service. www.aerosociety.com

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INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT

Aesthetics External styling and the futuristic look of the demonstrator were developed with help from Italian car design house Stile Bertone.

Beyond hydraulics No hydraulics are used in the demonstrator. Instead the demonstrator's retractable landing gear, nacelle tilting mechanism and elevons are controlled by electromechanical actuators (EMA).

Carbon-fi bre NEWSEntire exterior IN BRIEF surface is carbon graphite — produced by Lola Composities in the UK. Outer ??????wing ???? sections ???? ??? ???can also be ????? ????? ?????? detached for missions primarily ??????fl own ???? in ???? VTOL ??? ??? mode. ????? ????? ??????

?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? Tilting nacelles ????? ????? ?????? Swashplateless blades are contained in tilting ducts for VTOL and ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? conventional forward fl ight. Unlike a ????? ????? ?????? conventional rotor with a swashplate, each blade has its own dedicated ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? electrically powered actuator to ????? ????? control the blade pitch. AgustaWestland

4 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 First fl ights The demonstrator has already fl own in secret in VTOL mode. Its fi rst tethered fl ight was in June 2011. A smaller Battery power sub-scale demonstrator with the The Project Zero demonstrator is same confi guration has also fl own in powered by lithium-ion batteries. horizontal fl ight. An alternative diesel-electric powerplant is planned for longer test fl ights. Windmilling rotors can charge battery storage on ground.

Remote control Despite the appearance of a one-person sized 'cockpit', the Project Zero is unmanned.

AEROSPACE Electric VTOL dreams One of the most eye-catching aircraft on static display at the Paris Air Show was AgustaWestland’s Project Zero electric-powered unmanned technology demonstrator tiltrotor. “The aircraft was Italian, so it had to look sexy,” says James Wang, VP Research and Technology. The aircraft has been secretly in development with a small but international design team and was designed, built and tested in the space of 12 months. The Paris Air Show was its fi rst public appearance. Project Zero is designed to test technology concepts such as propeller blade control and no hydraulics that could be used in future tiltrotor designs. (See Paris Air Show report — Age of Extremes, p 34).

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AEROSPACE GENERAL AVIATION Siberian chopper crash

A Russian Mi-8 transport fi re after crashing in the helicopter crashed on 2 remote Sakha region of July, killing 24 out of 28 Siberia in bad weather. people aboard, including Four survivors (three 11 children. passsengers and one Operated by Polar crew) were rescued in an Airways, the helicopter is operation that involved 400 reported to have caught people and nine aircraft. AIR TRANSPORT Tiger changes its stripes Asian budget carrier Tiger Airways has rebranded itself with a new livery and NTSB the name Tigerair. The Asiana 777 crash in San Francisco change is part of a revamp for customers. as well by the carrier’s Singapore- as drawing a line under leaves three dead based owner Tiger 2011 when Tiger Airways’ Holdings which includes Australian fl ights were US investigators are safely with180 injured. NTSB stated that the 777 more online services grounded for a week. looking into the causes Flight 214 from Incheon was fl ying well below its of the crash landing in South Korea hit the target landing speed. An of an Asiana Airlines seawall at the edge of attempt was made by the Reaction Engines gets Boeing 777 at San the airport after coming in pilots to increase speed Whitehall boost Francisco airport on 6 too low on fi nal approach. and abort the landing The UK Government’s spending review July. The tail of the 777 broke but too late to avoid the has delivered a boost to Reaction Engines Two passengers were off, ejecting two fl ight tail hitting the ground. killed in the crash and a attendants out of the back Asiana said that the pilot with a pledge to back its air-breathing third died later but the of the aircraft, while the landing the aircraft had rocket engine. The SABRE engine was remaining 288 passengers rest of the airframe spun nearly 10,000 hours fl ying picked out by Chancellor George and 16 crew members down the runway before experience but only 43 on Osborne as a technology programme the were able to evacuate catching fi re. The US the 777. Government would support. NEWS IN BRIEF

state of Uttarakhand On 12 July an empty On 10 July, Northrop Cessna has begun The European Commission crashed on 25 June with Ethiopian Airlines Grumman and the US delivering the fi rst (EC) has announced the loss of 20 onboard. Boeing 787 on a stand Navy made history when production versions of plans to cut state aid to Five of these were IAF at Heathrow airport was the X-47B UCAS made its all-composite single- airports that have over 5m crew members. involved in a fi re incident the fi rst jet UAV arrested engine Cessna TTx light passengers a year, as well which briefl y closed the landing on an aircraft aircraft. as removing subsidies for On 27 June NASA airport. At this point it is carrier, the USS George H low-cost carriers opening launched the Interface not thought to be battery- W Bush (CVN 77). BAE Systems has sold new routes. The EC claims Region Imaging related. off its US unmanned air that such subsidies are Spectograph (IRIS) space SpaceX has completed division which it bought costing around €3bn per probe — designed to Scandinavian carrier SAS two more stages towards in 2009 under the name year. measure the surface of the has signed a memorandum certifying its spacecraft of Advanced Ceramics Sun. It was air-launched of understanding (MoU) for human missions. Research. The new An Indian Air Force from Vandenberg AFB for eight Airbus A350- These included the human independent company will Mi-17V5 helicopter using Orbital Sciences 900s and four A330-300 certifi cation plan and the now operate under the undertaking rescue Pegasus XL rocket using a widebodies.. pad abort test review. same of Sensintel. operations in the fl ooded converted L-1011 airliner.

6 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 AEROSPACE AIR TRANSPORT SPACEFLIGHT CSeries Germanwings reborn as First Italian spacewalk maiden fl ight slips budget carrier ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano became the Lufthansa has travellers and will take over fi rst Italian to walk in As AEROSPACE re-launched its most of Lufthansa’s short- space during his mission goes to press short-haul subsidiary haul routes in Europe. to the International Space Bombardier has Germanwings, six Around 30 Lufthansa Station. Parmitano spent ESA announced a months after closing the aircraft and 800 cabin six hours outside the ISS delay to its fi rst airline because it could crew will be transferred to on 9 July working with grapple bars delivered by fl ight of the new not compete with low- Germanwings. Meanwhile, fellow Expedition 36 NASA the unmanned SpaceX cost operators. CSeries airliner a new wage deal astronaut Chris Cassidy Dragon spacecraft and Germanwings has been agreement for staff has retrieving two materials replacing a failed space- to before the end rebranded as a low-cost averted the threat of costly science experiments, to-ground communications of July, citing more carrier for business summer strikes. installing two radiator control unit. time needed for software DEFENCE readiness. Ground vibration tests have already BAE to upgrade RAAF Hawks been completed on the fi rst CSeries Flight Test Vehicle 1 FTV1). The delay is the second slippage for the CSeries fi rst fl ight, with the original date for the maiden fl ight having been already shifted BAE Systems has won a £90m contract from the Australian DoD to perform a mid life upgrade (MLU) on the RAAF’s from November fl eet of 33 Mk127 Hawk jet trainers. The Project AIR5438 upgrades comprise new primary and secondary mission 2012 to June 2013. computers, OC2 software, datalinks and collision-avoidance systems as well as simulators and training. BAE will fi t the modifi cations to two RAAF Hawks which will bring them up to the standard of the Hawk 128s used by the RAF. RAAF

control multiple types of the incident was caused by Five people, including unmanned aerial systems The Royal Navy has chosen Florida-based fractional oil feed pipe components the pilot were rescued (UAS) at the same time. Boeing’s Insitu ScanEagle ownership company which did not conform to from the Hudson River The demonstration was UAV for its contractor- Avantair has grounded design specifi cations. in Manhattan after a carried out as part of the operated Maritime its fl eet of Avanti P-180 sightseeing helicopter US Navy’s Unmanned Unmanned Air System turboprops and furloughed Statistics published by made an emergency Carrier Launched Airborne (MUAS) requirement. pilots and employees. IATA reports that the air ditching on 30 June. Surveillance and Strike freight market only grew by No injuries were reported System (UCLASS). China’s Shenzhou 10 The Australian Transport 0·1% in May compared to from the incident which manned spacecraft Safety Board (ATSB) has April and was 0·8% down involved a Bell 206. Emirates has opened a returned to Earth on 26 issued a fi nal accident from May 2012. new Aviation Experience June. The spacecraft investigation report on Lockheed Martin has public attraction in central spent 15 days in orbit, the Qantas QF32 A380 Lockheed Martin fl ew demonstrated an London, with four fl ight during which it docked with fl ight in November 2010 in the fi rst MH-60R Romeo integrated command simulators (2 x A380s the Tiangong 1 orbiting which a Rolls-Royce Trent shipborne helicopter and control system and 2 x 777s) and other laboratory and also carried 900 engine exploded in ordered by the Australian which can monitor and educational exhibits. out a manual redocking. fl ight. The ATSB states that Navy on 26 June.

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SPACEFLIGHT AEROSPACE DEFENCE Proton-M launcher Whistleblower hunt Saab begins explodes on take-off diverts VIP jet assembly of fi rst Gripen An unmanned Russian three GLONASS-M The President of Bolivia’s Edward Snowden was Proton-M launcher navigation satellites. An VIP aircraft, a Dassault onboard. The Bolivian E caught fi re and exploded accident investigation Falcon 900EX, was President Evo Morales was shortly after take-off is now underway on the diverted to Vienna, Austria, on his way back to Bolivia Saab has on 1 July from the causes of the crash, with on 2 July after several when the Presidential announced it has Baikonur Cosmodrome one Russian news report European countries aircraft was diverted. It was begun assembly in Kazakhstan, crashing pointing to angular velocity allegedly refused held there for 13 hours of the fi rst pre- 2·5km away from the sensors that had been permission for it to enter while authorities searched production launch site. installed the wrong way their airspace amid rumours the aircraft for the US Gripen E fi ghter. The launcher was carrying round. that NSA whistleblower fugitive. The fi rst component for AIR TRANSPORT the Gripen E test aircraft, 39-8, was Double delivery delight for BA the front fuselage. Meanwhile, at the end of June, a Gripen fi red the fi rst production standard example of MBDA’s Meteor BVRAAM air-to-air missile in a trial in conjunction with Sweden's FMV.

British Airways has taken delivery of the fi rst examples of two new aircraft types to add to its fl eet – the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787. The airline’s fi rst Boeing 787 Dreamliner arrived in the UK at Heathrow on 27 June after a transatlantic fl ight from Paine Field in Washington State, US, followed by the fi rst A380 on 4 July. BA plans to begin operating both new aircraft types from September. The airline has ordered 12 A380s and 42 787s, as well as six 777-300ERs and 18 A350s. Swedish FMV British Airways NEWS IN BRIEF

system in the NASA of Typhoon with Raytheon’s Impulse has completed North America to Thailand. The Russian Kondor E-1 Low-speed Wind Tunnel. Paveway IV precision the last leg of its coast- If the sale is approved, military radar satellite was It was conducted as part guided bomb. to-coast trans-US fl ight, the $77m contract would launched on 27 June from of NASA’s Environmentally landing in New York on include aircraft, parts, the Baikonur Cosmodrome Responsible Aviation ESA member states have 7 July. training and logistical in Kazakstan. (ERA) project. approved the design for support. Europe's next heavylift Easyjet founder Stelios The Terrafugia Transition Thai Airways will now delay rocket — the Ariane 6. Haji-Ioannou is to protest After seven months near ‘fl ying car’ is to fl y at the its planned Bangkok- the airlines’ recent decision its touchdown point, Oshkosh air show in London Airbus A380 Eurocopter has delivered to exercise options on 33 NASA's Curiosity Rover Wisconsin at the end of service until October 2014, two EC225 Super Puma Airbus A320s, as well as has been ordered to drive July. a slip of 11 months. helicopters to offshore ordering 100 of the new to its mission objective, operators in Vietnam and A320neos. Mount Sharp, some 8km Pratt & Whitney has BAE Systems has reported Malaysia. away. completed 275 hours of that it has completed a The US is considering Geared TurboFan testing series of trials to enhance Solar-powered selling six UH-72A Lakota The US NTSB is of the ultra-high bypass the air-to-surface capability demonstrator Solar helicopters from EADS investigating after ten

8 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 GENERAL AVIATION DEFENCE France to buy Reapers in $1·5bn deal

The US Congress has The package also includes been informed of a spares, ground stations, potential purchase by engines and radars with France of up to 16 MQ-9 the fi rst deployment of the Reaper UAVs, in a FMS fi rst two Reapers set to be deal worth some $1·5bn. in Mali.

AIR TRANSPORT Ruling awaited on

Embraer passenger electronic 400 not out for Phenom devices Brazilian manufacturer Embraer has delivered its 400th Phenom light jet. The Phenom 300 business jet was handed over at São José dos Campos on 9 July to the German The US Association of current ban on using such Hansgrohe Group. Flight Attendants (AFA) devices during take-off is awaiting the results and landing. The AFA has AEROSPACE of an investigation by stated that it is committed the Aviation Rulemaking to ensuring the use of Committee (ARC) into PEDs will not adversely EC releases UAV roadmap RAeS the increased use of affected fl ight safety. Conference: personal electronic the integration of civil Annual UAV Conference The European Unmanned Aviation: devices (PEDs) by Commission (EC) Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Challenges for Growth passengers during has published a new Systems into the European 16-17 September —London fl ights. document outlining the Aviation Systems puts The ARC recently More details: roadmap for integration forward a staged approach asked for a two-month +44 (0)20 7670 4345 of UAVs into European to the sharing of skies conference@aerosociety. extension to complete controlled airspace. between manned aircraft com its report which may The Roadmap for and civil UAS. propose a relaxation on the Emirates ON THE MOVE people were killed in a Saad Hammand, formerly become the new VP Eurocopter China. has been in charge for the DHC-3T Turbo Otter crash of Air Berlin and easyJet, Technical Services for BBA past 42 years. in Alaska on 7 July. is the new Chief Executive Aviation Flight Support Northrop Grumman has of Flybe, replacing Jim division. appointed Nimish Doshi as Adel Al Redha has been India's Government has French. French becomes VP Business Development named Executive VP approved a strategic non-executive chairman. Xavier Tardy has been and CFO for its Technical and CEO for Emirates’ national plan to develop a appointed new CFO of Services sector. Engineering, Flight 70-100 passenger aircraft Air Chief Marshal Sir Airbus Military. Operations, Service for the civil market. Andrew Pulford is now Colin Lewis has been Delivery and Airport Chief of the Air Staff, RAF. Ryanair CFO Michael appointed as the new Services while Thierry Nepal Airlines has fi rmed Cawley has announced Director of Marketing for Antinori becomes VP up an order for two Airbus Jack Wiegand, aged 21, that he will be stepping bmi regional. and CEO responsible for A320 airliners equipped has become the youngest down next year. Commercial Operations, with fuel-saving Sharklet pilot to fl y solo around the Tim Prince, Chief Executive Revenue Optimisation, wingtip devices. The world. Eurocopter has named of the Royal International Skywards, Destination & original order was placed Norbert Durcrot as Air Tattoo is to step down Leisure Management and in April. Todd Hattaway is to President and CEO of in September 2014. He Emirates SkyCargo.

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LETTERS AND ONLINE

to be used as a fl ying (and others) to adopt that laboratory for the Ministry consensus (whatever it of Technology would then might be) so as to avoid be released to another any resumption of the UK aircraft museum. As trade war which had the only survivor of 15 C2 started in response to the aircraft built and as the EU Emissions Trading only genuine Royal Air System (now ‘on hold’ Force C2 aircraft having internationally to see seen service from 1957 if ICAO can achieve a to 1967 my view is that global consensus). As a XK699 Sagittarius is of member of the 17-nation crucial importance within High Level Group, the the overall context of UK is playing a leading our air power heritage. I role in these efforts and now urge all of you to do already benefi ts from the whatever you can to assist impartial GbD output. UK saving RAF Comet C2 endeavours could also be XK699. reinforced by an equally Howard Wheeldon impartial input from the Air de Havilland DH106 Comet C2, XK669 (initially G-AMXB), of RAF Transport Command. RAeS (NAL). Law Group to demonstrate Global ETS the primacy of ICAO versus Save Sagittarius fi rst occupants are to be had been that XK699 The topic of aviation and EU obligations. Moreover In the year that the Royal the Army Corp of Royal was to be moved to RAF the environment was the Society has already Air Force celebrates its Electrical and Mechanical Shawbury for storage mentioned recently in the been granted ‘observer 95th anniversary I bring Engineers (REME). They ahead of fi nal restoration April issue by Professor status’ in ICAO. Thus potentially tragic news are due to move in some and a probable eventual Hayward(1) — something there is an unprecedented that unless a new home time during 2015. move to the RAF Museum with which the Society’s opportunity, if not a need, can be found for Comet The condition of the at Cosford. It was thought Greener by Design team for collaboration between C2 XK699 Sagittarius by Sagittarius is clearly likely that on completion (GbD) are very familiar. It GbD and the Air Law the end of the summer very poor and she now of XK699 restoration is now critical that there Group (ALG) to provide she will be broken up needs to be moved to the existing Comet C1 should be suffi cient a co-ordinated impartial, and scrapped at the now a place of undercover aircraft housed at the consensus on aviation rational foundation in closed RAF Lyneham air storage while plans for RAF Museum that had emissions at the next support of the elusive base in Wiltshire. Urgent long-term restoration and originally been built for International Civil Aviation global consensus. The action is now required to a permanent home are Air France and registered Organization (ICAO) stakes have never been prevent this. XK699 is the discussed. For the past F-BGNZ before later Assembly in September higher. sole representative Comet year my understanding returning to the UK for EU member States Harold Caplan C2 in existence and the only one left that spent Cockpit confusion her whole life in Royal Air Just been browsing the latest AEROSPACE magazine — still loving the new publication. The picture on p 26 of the July Force service. I have been issue credited as ‘A Hawker Siddeley Trident cockpit of the 1960s(2) is not that of a Trident. I’ve attached a couple of informed that, as owners photos for comparison (a Trident is on the left). The picture published in the magazine is very similar to the Yak 40 cockpit of the Lyneham site, MoD on the right (note the side-mounted yokes). property services provider Graeme Catnach the Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO), are now seeking that XK699 is now removed. My information is that if she is not removed by the end of the summer she will be broken up and scrapped. The former air base is scheduled to become the Defence College of Technical Training and the

10 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Mess high jinks @BarnettDaniella Had Firstly, congratulations on a wonderful evening a great read — the new and met some brilliant people yesterday at the @ style July magazine is AeroSociety Amy Johnson excellent quality, and full of Named Lecture. #Aero interest. Secondly, on p 48, #engineering #women Christian Busby reviewing I Mackersey’s book(3) was @SimoneRoche Delight- interested to learn that [the ed to present Jenny Body boisterous mess game] @4tis [on Satellite Debris OBE @Jeffi nerB with @ (6) ‘High Cockalorum was removal ] The trick is women1st #Shineawards banned in the 1950s’. So doing it without creating The European nEUROn UAV on display inside a protective Lifetime Achievement am I. As a young pilot/ more debris. I worry about bubble at the 2013 Paris Air Show. award @AeroSociety with fl ying offi cer in the early things like the harpoon. @clarewalkerWAAC 1970s, I can remember Response to Where next for Europe’s defence playing, certainly at RAFC aerospace industry?(5) Cranwell in 1973 and David Gardner says: But we are buying major platforms, @CrispinBurke I miss @TonyGarnerBAE maybe after! And it’s not e.g. F-35, at a price which is unaffordable, a project we the golden years of fl ight [On latest issue of old age playing tricks with will not control and is at the expense of our indigenous simulators (Started with AEROSPACE] looking good. really impressed with my memory — I wasn’t born capability and future exports. We have a very capable F-19 Stealth Fighter, alternative in Typhoon which we are contracted to buy and the design and layout of until 1950! ended with Falcon 4.0) which still has major development potential, leaving open the mag. Graham Evans the option of a united European project for the future instead of reliance on the USA (or others) forever more if Too good to be true we lose our design capability. @nessysilva Everybody @MrCellaneous [on a First, let me say that I follow @RAeSTimR for story of a German F-104G really appreciate the new #PAS13 updates! My visit Starfi ghter that skipped the format and content of Careers call also be aimed at younger to Le Bourget was far too water on a target strafi ng AEROSPACE. However, I After a while of looking members, I think this would short but Tim’s tweets keep run] A German (sub) notice that a gremlin has at the AEROSPACE be a good thing to add. me posted. Marine F-104G. crept into the June feature magazine I just want to say Joseph Ho-wing on the AGA-33 future fuel- that it’s fantastic. Looking Cheung effi cent design(4), relating to at the design, it is laid out the aircraft’s performance. very cleanly and many of Never too early Apart from the grace of the articles and sections I just thought I would share God, things that seem too clearly shows its heritage this photo (right) with you. good to be true, generally to the past. I like the use My one-year old fi nds are. This relates to the fuel of images and colour in your latest edition of the consumption shown as particular and would say magazine very interesting. 93mpg. Would not that be that photos say more than It’s never too early too great if it were true! If we words. One of my real entice their interest in take the fuel burn as being favourite features of the aerospace :) 4,500lb per hour, and the magazine is in p 12 which And keeps him quiet in specifi c gravity of Jet A1 shows instant statistics the car! as 0·79, the consumption of a particular topic or Sara Krauss expressed in Imperial subject. I also like the use gallons would be: fuel burn of the font and the font

= 4,500lb/2·20462 = size. With the reduction 1. The Last Word, So what has Brussels done for you, Aerospace International, April 2013, p 34. 2,041kg/hr = 2,041kg/ of the word count on the 2. Knowledge transfer, AEROSPACE, July 2013, p 26. 3. Book Reviews, No Empty Chairs, AEROSPACE, July 2013, p 48. 0·79SG = 2,583 litres/hr articles reading feels more 4. Radome, Eco-elegance, AEROSPACE, June 2013, p 4. = 2,583/4·54 = 569 imp enjoyable rather than a 5. http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight/2013/05/31/where-next-for-europes-defence-aerospace-indus- try/8183/ gal/hr. The aircraft cruises chore. One suggestion I 6. http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight/2013/06/28/sweeping-up-space-debris-can-it-be-solved/8352/ at 468mph for a range of have is to add a careers 4,600 miles. Therefore, the section somewhere in fuel consumption would the magazine. Perhaps Online be 468/569 = 0·82mpg sounding somewhat Additional features and content are available to view (still OK). biased on this point but, online at http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight Jim Charlesworth since this magazine would

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 11 DEFENCE RAF Chief of the Air Staff The 21st Century Character of Air Power On 10 June at one of his fi nal public speaking duties before handing over to his successor, Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton FRAeS Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force gave the Sir Sydney Camm Lecture. We present an abridged version of his speech.

ir Sydney Camm’s accomplishments are Known as Air Control, Trenchard’s approach undoubtedly well known but I want to combined accurate political intelligence from locally highlight his passion for aviation and his deployed offi cials with effective air power action. Sdetermination to improve the technology British Somaliland, in the Horn of Africa, was that underpins it; he was an innovator in the fi rst region where air control was utilised. Such the fi nest British tradition. was its success, in controlling the belligerent tribes The thirst for the new and the need to exploit and insurgents, at less than one tenth of the cost the novel runs deep within the airman’s psyche and of the previous manpower intensive approach, that are essential ingredients for a contemporary air the air control concept was transported to Iraq and force. Collectively, we must always strive to push Afghanistan in the 1920’s and 1930’s. forward the boundaries of aviation and invest in the This pioneering use of aircraft to support new. It is for this reason that innovation is one of the political intent, demonstrated the utility of air foundation pillars of the strategy for the future Royal power to shape regional dynamics better and to Air Force and one I will come back to later. prevent confl ict from escalating through swift and proportional intervention from the air. History — the relevance of air power These early doctrinal roots have grown deep and inculcated the RAF with an ethos and heritage built Over a century of British military aviation offers a around agility, adaptability and deployability. smorgasbord of examples of the critical relevance During the Second World War, the Government of air power from which I could choose but I have directed Bomber Command offensive was the only chosen some that I think highlight the innate ability direct means of attacking the Third Reich, in its lair, of airmen to innovate in times of need. as the Allies fought to stem the inexorable surge of In the fi rst part of the First World War, aircraft the Nazi War Machine. This year’s 70th Anniversary were predominantly used to support other military of the iconic 617 Sqn Dambuster raid is the ultimate roles through activities such as artillery spotting and example of technical innovation, by Barnes Wallis reporting enemy dispositions. Only four years later, when he developed his ‘Bouncing Bomb’, combined aircraft operated by an Independent Royal Air Force, with ultra-low level fl ying, of Guy Gibson’s aircrew, conducted interdiction missions against airfi elds and saw the agility of the aircrew and the adaptability of industries deep behind enemy lines, commanded by the Lancaster deliver an innovative capability which a great visionary, Major General Hugh Trenchard. still inspires us all today. Only one year after the Great War, and with In Gulf War I, air power’s destruction, fi rst of mounting fi nancial constraints, Trenchard offered the Iraqi Command and Control capacity and a new and innovative way of policing the large and the Integrated Air Defence System, and then of ungoverned space in the British Empire. Saddam’s deployed forces was decisive, although

12 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 largely unseen by the world’s media and sparsely power, there has always been a common bond recorded in the ledger of the day. The results amongst airmen from all nations. That bond is are self-evident: the Iraqi Armed Forces and their fundamental to our ability to work together with our leadership were so unhinged by the air campaign allies, as we have done so successfully on so many as to leave them metaphorically prostrate for the occasions often unexpectedly and unplanned, such IN 2011.. IT subsequent land force attacks. as the seamless co-operation with the Emirati and WAS ONCE Swedish Air Forces over Libya two years ago. AGAIN THE AIR Recent operations Over two decades of constant operations for the Royal Air Force east of the Suez and in the Balkans CAMPAIGN Meanwhile in June 1999, NATO suspended air has seen us integrate with a variety of different air WHICH strikes in Yugoslavia after Slobodan Milosevic ceded forces and helped to inculcate a cross border, cross UTTERLY to demands and agreed to withdraw his forces from culture, yet ‘understood’, way of operating within the DEGRADED Kosovo. Again in 2011, with proxy forces fi ghting air environment. This was exemplifi ed by the NATO the land campaign or, from the Libyan Freedom Operation Unifi ed Protector in Libya which saw the GADDAFFI’S Fighters’ perspective — NATO proxy forces safe and highly effective integration of 195 aircraft FORCES TO providing the air and maritime contribution – it was from 14 NATO member nations and four non- CONTINUE THE once again the air campaign which utterly degraded member nations’ air forces. the capability and will of Gadaffi ’s forces to continue The development of the common bond between OPPRESSION the oppression of their own people. airmen is underscored by long-term partnerships. And today, in Afghanistan, the aircrew of the These take many forms but at the heart of them all Royal Air Force Tornado GR4, Sentinel, Shadow, is NATO. Our Secretary of State and the Chief of the Reaper, Hercules and Chinook aircraft are operating Defence Staff have both reaffi rmed the importance across the entire country supporting ISAF and NATO must play in our future planning. Whilst Afghan security forces with intelligence gathering; interoperability of our equipment, our doctrine and armed over-watch and, if absolutely, necessary our information systems is vital to ensure effective precision attack; air command & control; aerial planning and activation, the best equipment in re-supply; casualty evacuation; aero medical the world is only operationally effective if it is evacuation back to the UK; base security and underwritten by the substantive co-operation of force protection by the Royal Air Force Regiment our trained people. To this end, I am ensuring that and Police; forensic analysis; battlefi eld mobility; some of our very best people are placed in key roles counter-IED and, of course, air transport to and from throughout NATO and as Air and Defence Attaches the UK. around the world. This vast array of tasks collectively provides In these fi scally constrained times, it is clear a signifi cant asymmetric advantage to ISAF and that the UK needs to be able to rely on its allies ANSF forces. Air power provides them the freedom of manoeuvre to conduct their vital security operations with far less cost in blood and treasure. Without doubt, air power has been a revolution in military affairs; its development rapid and its impact enormous and yet I see new innovative air power concepts everyday and the use of technology that Sir Sydney Camm would have loved to develop but could have only dreamed of. The early characteristics of air power such as speed, reach and vantage, are now complemented with precision and persistence; especially through the use of space assets. It is these characteristics, underpinned by a credible and capable air force, which provide the political manoeuvre room and expand the decision-making options that have come to underwrite the British, indeed Western, way of war.

Partnerships

But it is important that we remember that it is airmen who are at the heart of air power, not our equipment and, since the inception of military air RAF/Crown CopyrightRAF/Crown

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to provide combat mass and niche capabilities. and priorities arise, providing NATO with the Additionally, the pooling and sharing of operationally operationally proven capabilities in a highly capable effective resources — not automatically or and readily deployable platform based capability. necessarily the buying of the same aircraft or weapons — becomes ever more attractive to The future minimise the cost of programmes. It is also vital that we retain some national capabilities so that, if a In recent years, just as Sydney Camm’s Hurricane, member of the Alliance is not willing to participate Hunter and Harriers formed a chain of innovative in a particular operation for whatever reason — the designs that kept RAF air power at the leading edge willing can still commit to an operation and use their of capability and exploited innovative technology assets — the key, of course, is having the right to to the full, the advent of Remotely Piloted Air use common infrastructure even if certain parties or Systems (RPAS), like Reaper, is now allowing the countries are not participating. RAF and others to exploit contemporary technology The NATO Airborne Early Warning & Control to the full. Looking towards Future Force 2020, Force — more commonally referred to as AWACS the increasingly close relationship between the — is a good example of a model where the pooling information environment and our more traditional of assets provides a combined capability which is kinetic assets underpins our concept of Combat greater than the sum of the parts. ISTAR. Moreover, such a model allows national control And let me be clear, it is a concept, not a role of sovereign assets, if the political need arises: the nor a mission type. Combat ISTAR exploits the use of our E-3D AWACS to control and oversee strength of a networked system of combat and the evacuation of UK nationals from Libya, as the ISTAR assets rather than merely using the capability security situation deteriorated, is a perfect example of individual platforms alone. It exploits shared of this fl exible model in action. information so that fl eeting targets can be identifi ed, Adopting a similar approach, Sentinel could tracked and engaged by the most appropriate form part of NATO’s Airborne Ground Surveillance weapon system, even in cluttered and contested requirement to complement the fi ve unmanned operating environments. Global Hawks it is in the throes of purchasing. Central to Combat ISTAR is the need to Sentinel’s wide area surveillance capability provided maximise the advantages of being able to secure, by its multi-mode radar offers timely, fully releasable dominate and exploit the information high ground. intelligence products that are highly sought after, Put simply, it interweaves the sensors and effectors as demonstrated so effectively on operations in into one system of systems with the decision maker Afghanistan, Libya and Mali where the physical at its core. Today, the concept is delivering but the scale and remoteness of the area of operations Air Control — old potential to do so much more is manifest, as early makes a ubiquitous gaze a diffi cult requirement to style — RAF operational examples utilising Sentinel, Sentry, fulfi l with limited assets. Westland Wapitis Typhoon, Tornado and Reaper in Afghanistan and Like the UK’s E-3D, Sentinel could be fl exed Libya have proven. from NATO to national tasking as the need I believe that it will become increasingly important, as we seek to integrate cross- component capabilities to counter more complex and sophisticated threats and to be able to prove that what we did was necessary, proportionate and caused the absolute minimum of collateral damage and injuries to non combatants on the ground. The merging of multiple roles onto single platforms is likely to increase and will be complemented by increased potential for electronic attack and novel weapons such as directed energy weapons. This blending of capabilities to complement and enhance kinetic attack will expand the utility of the Combat ISTAR concept.

Step change in multi-role

F-35 Lightning II and the ongoing developments of Typhoon will see a step change in the multi- role missions we can undertake. E-Scan radars; advanced ESM suites and other sensors will provide RAeS/NAL

20 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Sensor fusion on nextgen fi ghters such as the F-35 will expand the combat ISTAR concept Lockheed Martin Lockheed far greater situational awareness than before as lexicon matters. As Min(DEST), Philip Dunne, well as a greater range of tools — kinetic and non- succinctly put during a commons debate on the very kinetic — with which to respond. subject. Networking of these systems and real-time ‘In this debate, I shall use the term RPAS— reach-back to analysts and commanders will further remotely piloted aircraft systems — as the more enhance the quality and timeliness of the decision- accurate description of their capability… Although making and also the provability. the vehicles are unmanned, the system is guided by I use the vision of an agile, adaptable and a whole team of highly trained and skilled people. capable RAF to describe who we are, what we do Pilots, sensor operators and analysts all make and how we painstakingly plan every mission and decisions in real time, just like the crew of a manned every attack. Increasingly, I have sought to improve aircraft. Defence remains a human endeavour.’ our ability to prove that what we have done, the The use of the term drones to describe these effect that we have had, was exactly that which systems by commentators and the media merely we set out to achieve, no more no less and with fuels a narrative of autonomous robots seeking out the minimum of collateral damage but nothing in and destroying targets without human intervention. this operational environment is guaranteed. That is Of course, nothing nothing could be further from the why the concept of provability of our actions is so truth. important. RPAS are now an integral component of our Provability is now demanded by the media- force mix and a key contributor to the Combat hungry public. The rise of the citizen journalist ISTAR concept. They change the platform from can put unedited, unanalysed images onto our which effects can be achieved, not the effects screens within minutes of the event occurring. Thus themselves, nor the legal and ethical framework that the battle of the narratives is key. The battle for underpins everything that we do. information, the battle for legitimacy, is now vital The use of remotely piloted systems for civilian ground. And the battle for legitimacy is contested purposes and military operations is increasing every day: on ops and during peacetime. despite ill-informed opposition. History has shown time and time again that it is better to embrace new The case for RPAS technologies and control them appropriately than try to deny their existence or constrain their usage Also critical to the future force mix and the unnecessarily. There are now over 50 countries realisation of the Combat ISTAR concept is who operate a variety of unmanned or remotely pilot achieving the correct ratio of manned to unmanned systems with many of them developing their own platforms. I have gone on record twice before, and indigenous capabilities. SENTINEL do so again today, to say that one-third unmanned RPAS can and do conduct multiple mission COULD FORM to two-thirds manned is where we should be types for extended periods of time. Their PART OF NATO’S heading in the 2030 timeframe. But we must act capabilities are exemplifi ed by the RAF Reaper AIRBORNE now if we are to achieve this. force. Our Reaper operators are highly trained This leads me onto the topic of unmanned qualifi ed pilots, all drawn from our high calibre GROUND air vehicles — UAVs — and remotely piloted air offi cer cadre. They operate in Afghanistan using SURVEILLANCE systems, or RPAS. And let me be clear here, the the same strict Rules of Engagement as manned REQUIREMENT

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Reaper RPAS ground control station. MoD/Crown CopyrightMoD/Crown

aircraft and when they use their weapons, they do constraints imposed upon the civilian and military so in accordance with the same legal and ethical utilisation of this key capability. frameworks. The only difference is that pilot and airframe are not co-located. Enablers All our Reaper pilots are offi cers; highly trained; and highly regarded by all those who use their I also want to cover the vital role played by the oft capabilities and, most importantly, those troops on unsung but, in reality vital enabling capabilities such the ground who rely upon them to cover their backs. as our air mobility and force protection forces. This is why I believe they have such a lot to The crises in Libya and Mali, coupled with the offer in the Future Force mix and why I am keen to unfolding realities of the US rebalancing to the Asia invest in their development. Importantly we need to Pacifi c, have exposed the delicate state of NATO’s evolve the current capability towards operations in enablers, in particular: air-to-air refuelling assets, contested environments. This requires early R&D if responsive ISR — especially wide area — and air technological aspects are to be suffi ciently mature. command and control capabilities — especially Information Systems. The requirement for European Innovation to the fore air forces to provide such enablers is on the rise. We should be honest about the fact that This is where UK innovation comes to the fore with Europe’s air forces were challenged by the the work we are jointly doing with industry through requirements of concurrent operations in programmes such as Taranis. Afghanistan and fi rst Libya and then Mali. Sir Sydney would have approved and sought Our own C-17s were involved in assisting the to be a part of the Taranis advanced technology French military to move supplies and personnel demonstrator programme exploring the future of into Mali; deploying UK personnel to act as military remotely piloted combat aircraft systems. It brings advisors and helping to train the Malian army; together several new technologies from a variety of and to move members of Ghana’s Engineering 6,663 UK industries into a single system with the aim of Company and Nigerian forces to Mali’s capital with RAF AERO- demonstrating the potential that unmanned systems vehicles and equipment as part of the African-led MEDICAL can play in the future force mix. This programme international support mission. is not only vital to our future security but it will And concurrently, we deployed the Sentinel EVACUATIONS also ensure that the UK retains a sovereign and to support operations in Mali at the request of the competitive aerospace industrial base in the future French government to help meet a shortfall in their FROM aviation market place. I am sure that is something wide area surveillance capabilities over the vast and AFGHANISTAN that Sir Sydney Camm would have applauded. remote areas of that country. Sentinel enabled the In parallel, there needs to be a positive dialogue French to understand insurgent behaviour better TO UK: about the legal and ethical issues underpinning and to optimise the activity of their ground forces their utilisation so as to educate those who don’t in the inhospitable terrain. Sentinel also cross- 1 JAN 2006 — understand how or why we employ these systems. cued French air assets onto numerous areas of 31 MARCH 2013 This is essential if we are to avoid unnecessary suspicious activity, including suspected insurgent

16 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 encampments and border and river crossing points. required. It is not, and should not be, tied to one Sir Sydney Camm It was only though the dedication and single geographically bounded requirement when Memorial lecture commitment of our airmen and women, both on the its very characteristics fi t it for far greater agility and ground and in the air, that we managed to service delivery of multiple effects in both time and space sponsored by the coalition and bilateral requirements, whilst still Air power must enable political decision making delivering the operational level support to ISAF in by providing options. It must support the strategic Afghanistan. narrative, be that through a national or international A tall order with so few assets, but one which deterrence posture, the reassurance of allies and demonstrates the continuing need for a highly partners, increased vigilance over potential trouble responsive, modern and capable air force to support spots, or potentially coercive intervention through our key allies and partners, whenever and wherever the application of lethal and non lethal force. The it is in the national interest to do so. effects it can achieve, in isolation or as part of a But, ultimately, it is the people who turn joint force, are manifest, integratable, scalable and technology into capability; people who are can be achieved at real value for money. experts in their profession with a comprehensive Future air power technology must seek to knowledge of the operational environment, the offer options which are relevant and convincing. science and practical conduct of aerial warfare Convincing to our adversaries and convincing to the and commanders and experienced airmen trained, tax payer. educated and knowledgeable in the art of aerial One way to do this is through the development warfare, such as those in our Joint Force Air of the Combat ISTAR concept and by unlocking the Component Headquarters or the JFAC. Those in potential of an appropriate proven mix of manned the JFAC HQ make the vital difference, provide the and unmanned capabilities. Our current platforms battle winning command and control; without such are the trailblazers but investment in the networks expertise we would be hard pressed to employ the that support them and their successors is essential technology championed by Sir Sydney Camm and to realise the true potential. If Sir Sydney Camm his successors. were here, I am sure that he would say Amen to that. Technology offers great opportunities for the Summary future whether that be on earth or in space. But, it is for us to encourage and support the engineers, In summary, air power has fundamentally changed the technologists and the scientists to exploit the character of warfare. Indeed, it now serves to that technology and to continue to give us, the underwrite much of the UKs way of war. practitioners of aerial warfare, the tools which we It is air power’s inherent strengths of agility, can add our skills, our knowledge and experience of adaptability, deployability, precision and reach which the art of warfare to deliver the opportunities for the enables it to respond wherever and whenever it is politicians to negotiate the peace we all seek.

Could the RAF Sentinel R1 follow the AWACS model of a pooled NATO asset?

EUROPE’S AIR FORCES WERE CHALLENGED BY THE REQUIREMENTS OF CONCURRENT OPERATIONS IN AFGHANISTAN AND FIRST LIBYA AND THEN MALI MoD/Crown CopyrightMoD/Crown

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Flying for your lives AirMed is the UK’s largest fi xed-wing air ambulance operator with a fl eet of six aircraft carrying 600 patients per year. BILL READ reports from Oxford Airport.

‘hen you hear the words ‘air medical capabilities, including neonatal, high- ambulance’, the fi rst image to risk obstetrics, paediatric and intensive care. The come to mind is usually that company has EURAMI ‘Special Care’ accreditation, of local charity or emergency as well as being compliant with all Care Quality services helicopter. However, Commission (CQC) regulations. fiW xed wing aircraft also play a vital role in medical transport. The largest fi xed-wing air ambulance Patient retrieval operator in the UK is AirMed which carries an average of 600 patients per year. “We can be called for both emergency and non- Based at London Oxford Airport, AirMed emergency patient retrieval,” explains AirMed’s operates a fl eet of six aircraft — two Learjet 35As Director of Business Development, Jane Topliss. WE WOULD BE and four Piper Cheyenne turboprops. The turboprops “Essentially we would be called when the patient CALLED WHEN THE operate around Europe and Northern Africa while the either requires intensive medical input, or is not PATIENT EITHER Learjets can fl y to anywhere in the world, including suitable, for whatever reason, to go on a commercial REQUIRES INTENSIVE recent trips to Goa, Bangkok and Brunei. airliner, or where time is of the essence and needs MEDICAL INPUT ... Founded 28 years ago, AirMed now has over 40 to be evacuated to a place of safety and/or better OR WHERE TIME IS employees working in fl ight and ground operations, care. Our patients range from premature babies OF THE ESSENCE maintenance, medical, accounts and marketing. The through to elderly citizens in terms of age and can AND NEEDS TO BE majority of its fl ights are paid for by health and travel be trauma injuries or illnesses or a mixture of both.” EVACUATED TO A insurance providers but the company also provides “When we operated smaller and shorter range PLACE OF SAFETY support to the MoD, overseas governments, corporate aircraft we were very affected by seasonality,” she AND BETTER CARE clients and charities. continues, “but, since we introduced jets, the peaks AND BETTER CARE In recent years. AirMed has made considerable and troughs have evened out. We still see some Jane Topliss investments into new medical equipment and seasonality, however, though the main differences Director of Business personnel on its aircraft to increase its range of seen throughout the year are the destinations and Development, AirMed

18 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Left: One of AirMed’s specialist teams after successfully completing a recent neonatal mission from Denver, US. the age ranges/types of injury/illness sustained. slots” says Topliss. “Generally ATC is extremely fl exible During the ski season we see a considerable in their approach to us as they take our status into number of our patients having trauma injuries. At account and try and accommodate our needs as much In addition to other times we may see a peak in the more elderly as possible. This is not just with preferable routing operating a patient having complex needs following strokes, but also accommodates our request for changes in fl eet of four cardiac arrests or cancer. The summer season can fl ight levels, for example, due to turbulence or due to Piper Cheyenne see more of the younger generation with injuries the patient needing a lower cabin altitude. There have turboprops sustained during high risk sport activities like been times when we have had to signifi cantly deviate scuba diving, mountain and quad biking, climbing, from our fl ight plan due to the patient’s needs and so parasailing and surfi ng.” instead of fl ying at the planned fl ight level of 450 we have changed to FL250, although this is extremely Team effort rare due to the extensive patient assessment prior to mission activation.” During a fl ight, each patient is accompanied by highly trained and experienced medical teams. “In Other services an air ambulance the crew doesn’t just comprise and two Learjet of fl ight crew but also includes the medical crew,” In addition to medical evacuation, AirMed’s aircraft 35As states Topliss. “Each has to support the other to can be swiftly reconfi gured for non-medical fl ights, ensure appropriate patient care and safe aircraft such as VIP transport or the delivery of an urgent operations. Following a detailed planning process aircraft on ground (AOG) part. However, such within the operations and medical departments, work is becoming rarer.” Over 97% of our work is we have a pre-fl ight briefi ng with all of the crew air ambulance and so it is now very rare for us to members to highlight any potential issues or factors undertake other charter work,” Topliss points out. which can be which need to be taken into account. Does the fl ight need to be fl own with a sea level cabin pressure Third party MRO fi tted with the due to the patient having an air pocket in their brain latest specialised cavity? Does a stepped climb need to be carried In addition to medical evacuation, AirMed’s also medical out in order for the medical team to assess how the operates an Engineering Department which is Part equipment, patient’s vital signs are reacting to the changes in 145 and EASA Part 145 Part M approved and cabin altitude? Is turbulence going to be an issue? offers maintenance, repair and overhaul services Do additional analgesics (pain killers) need to be for Cessna and Piper aircraft. Work includes given prior to or at a particular point in the fl ight aircraft maintenance for the Irish Air Corps, MRO due to forecast turbulence, clear air or cloud? If for Cessna C208 Caravans and the fi rst UK there is a tech stop scheduled and the weather on conversion of a Cessna C208 Caravan on to fl oats the ground is forecast to be very hot, does an air is scheduled for later this year. The department also conditioning unit need to be requested and brought offers assistance with surveys, technical record to the aircraft during the tech stop? What would the checks and systems upgrade for anyone wishing to plan of action be if for any reason there was a need purchase or sell an aircraft. to divert due to the patient deteriorating to a point “The reason we have our own engineering division where hospital facilities were needed (for example is to ensure aircraft availability,” explains Topliss. “Due if the patient was haemorrhaging and more blood to the nature of our work and the high utilisation of products were needed)? Where are the most suitable the aircraft, short turnaround times are extremely AirMed also hospital facilities along the planned route and do they important. Having our in-house team means that coincide with a suitable airfi eld?” our fl eet of aircraft get priority for all scheduled and operates an “We can carry up to two patients at a time,” she non-scheduled maintenance, reconfi gurations can be engineering adds. “However, if there was any risk of a patient done immediately, aircraft stretchers and equipment department deteriorating during the fl ight, we wouldn’t put fi ttings can be maintained appropriately, interiors can which can them with a second patient, as the medical team be designed and modifi ed to suit medical requirements maintain its own could not provide optimal care to both of them and cleaning and infection control procedures can be fl eet and offer simultaneously.” completed after every fl ight.” third-party MRO Priority fl ights Future services When an AirMed mission is underway, the fl ight is Looking to the future, AirMed is looking at ways of entitled to use the STS/HOSP term on its fl ight improving aircraft availability across a wider range plan to give it priority over non-emergency traffi c. “In of geographical locations. The company is currently addition we have approval from the CAA to be AFTM reducing its number of Cheyenne IIXL turboprops EXEMPT which means we are exempt from fl ight and will shortly be looking at the possible acquisition

All pics AirMed plan restrictions and should not be delayed by ATC of another larger turboprop or jet.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 19 TRAINING RAeS/IATA Conference Awaiting the pilot shortage Tsunami IAN STRACHAN, FRAeS, Flight Simulation Group reports from the Second RAeS/IATA training conference which highlighted both progress in international standards and concerns over future aircrew shortages.

n June, the Society and the International Air Initiative (ITQI). Its objectives are to modernise Transport Association (IATA) held a conference the training of pilots and maintainers, to seek at Hamilton Place on ‘the IATA Training and regulatory harmonisation, to encourage a fl exible IQualifi cation Initiative (ITQI), Improving Training workforce with good qualifi cations and to improve Provision’. In her welcoming remarks, Society the attractiveness of our industry to the young. President Jenny Body pointed out that there were ITQI covers the initial selection of cadet pilots, the over 120 delegates from no fewer than 25 different various phases of training, then assessment for countries, showing the international interest in the fi nal qualifi cation for licences. It is therefore said subject and the suitability of the RAeS as a venue. to be a ‘Total System Approach’ and includes Pilot The opener was Jens Bjarnason, IATA Aptitude Testing (PAT), the Multi-Crew Pilot License Operations Director, who pointed out that his (MPL), Evidence-Based Training (EBT), Instructor organisation represented some 240 airlines and Qualifi cation (IQ), Flight Simulation Training Devices about 84% of total air traffi c. Although accident (FSTD), and engineering & maintenance training. statistics for western-built aircraft were at an IATA manuals giving guidance material and best all-time low1, there was room for improvement, practices for these subjects are now available, see particularly in some parts of the world. Figures were www.iata.org/itqi. So, although the world industry good for airlines in the IATA Operational Safety is generally in good shape, there is still much to do Audit (IOSA) programme but were much poorer for 1,700 in some regions and training for the large growth non-IOSA operators in Africa and the CIS which NEW AIRLINERS forecast needs urgently addressing. includes nine states from Armenia to Uzbekistan BUILT EACH and Russia2. Turning to forecasts of future growth, YEAR BETWEEN Huge future growth fi gures from Airbus and Boeing indicate that about 1,700 new commercial air transport (CAT) aircraft NOW AND 2031 The last point was amplifi ed by Captain John Bent, will be produced each year between now and Chairman of Training Practices for the International 2031. Furthermore, some 23,000 new pilots will be Pilot Training Consortium (IPTC, see later). required each year over the same period, with the Expanding on the fi gures given above, he noted highest growth in the Asia-Pacifi c region. This will 23,000 that, in the next two decades, commercial aircraft require a major overhaul of training and 2007 saw NEW PILOTS fl eets are forecast to triple in Asia and double the launch of the IATA Training and Qualifi cation NEEDED EVERY elsewhere. But, forecasts of increased activity have proved wrong in the past, due to unforeseen events, 1. Hull loss rate approaching one per 5 million sectors fl own. YEAR BETWEEN 2. For IOSA-certifi ed European airlines, about one accident per 2 NOW AND 2031 such as the 9/11 attacks, the fi nancial downturn, million sectors fl own; but 6 accidents per million sectors for non- bank failures and so forth. However, he suggested IOSA African airlines and over 15 for non-IOSA CIS airlines.

20 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 that current projections are more widely accepted $180k pa to work in China. Looking wider to the and should be planned for. whole Asia-Pacifi c region, between now and 2030 Considering the US airline industry, he said that over 10,000 new pilots are forecast to be needed it was about 34% of global activity, contributing each year. John Bent suggested that training some $1·3 trillion to the national economy, 5·2% to resources in the region would develop but the DON’T LET US GDP and 376,000 jobs to the nation’s workforce. downside was that this could take ten years or more WAIT UNTIL There were, however, major problems in the future. to cope with forecast demand, not only for pilots but THE PILOT The Wall Street For instance, in November 2012, also for maintainers. SHORTAGE Journal said that US airlines are facing their most Another complicating factor was that airline serious pilot shortage since the 1960s, with piloting careers in many regions are less attractive TSUNAMI HITS Congress-driven higher experience requirements than before, due to factors such as fatigue, jet-lag, US (1,500 hours) for new pilot hires just as the shift work, pay, security restrictions and lifestyle industry braces itself for a wave of retirements. The generally. Young ‘digital natives’, he suggested, are Captain Dieter Harms FAA’s head of fl ight standards, John Allen, said in unlikely to see a piloting career as attractive as in 2012 that the projected retirement numbers are the past. Apprenticeship models are needed, such “astounding and dramatic” and, a more serious as the UK Higher Apprenticeship in Professional point, “we don’t have a system to address this Aviation Pilot Practice (HAPAPP), an initiative issue.” There was a possibility, John Bent said, that of industry and the RAeS (see Apprenticeships any spare US training capacity, now used by many reach new heights p 30). A recent RAeS survey airlines in Asia, could be completely absorbed by found that 62% were not satisfi ed with current this US-only demand. The largest US airline trade world training standards and 97% saw a benefi t group, Airlines for America, forecasts that 60,000 in having international standards for fl ight crew pilots will be needed by 2025 to replace departures training (see later under IPTC). We already have and cover expansion. A report on pilot supply dated some tools, he said, and many organisations as well 15 March 2013 has been produced by the US as IATA are addressing future training, and recent Aviation Accreditation Board International (AABI) ICAO documents have been published on the and the US University Aviation Association (UAA). subject. However, he said that the adoption of ICAO This suggested that the likely result of inadequate training guidance by National Aviation Regulatory staffi ng could be the reduction of fl ying in markets Authorities (NAAs) is slow. Also, the opportunity served by regional airlines and this could cause for NAAs to fi le differences to ICAO, may often be disruption to the entire airline industry. The report based on attachment to legacy ideas. He concluded concluded that urgent efforts to fi ll the future pilot that available tools are not being used and that real shortage should begin now. action is needed. On ‘what to train’, the classic engine-failure case China crisis? is now rare but poor reaction to unexpected events and mishandled go-arounds are more common. On Turning now to China, its Civil Aviation the latter, he said that go-arounds rarely occur at Administration (CAAC) regulates 33 airlines and the briefed missed approach height, are often poorly forecasts a need for over 18,000 new pilots by the performed and have led to accidents. Furthermore, end of 2015 (less than two years to go!). Because “unstable approaches” are only about 4% of the there is a shortfall in pilot trainees in China, large total but 97% are continued to landing, and 10% numbers must be trained overseas, topped up by result in an abnormal landing, just under 0·4% of pilots from other countries who can be paid up to total landings. For instance, each year some 30

Eager fl ying training students — but can the pilot production pipeline keep up with demand? CAE Oxford Aviation Academy Aviation Oxford CAE

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 21 TRAINING RAeS/IATA Conference

over-runs occur, some being severe cases with Brian Haigh of CTC Aviation said that a major fatalities. difference in the MPL system was the early Summing up, John Bent asked for “clearance for involvement of the airline in the training process take-off” for safer and harmonised global training itself, and that a particular challenge was the standards. This was a disturbing presentation, the training of instructors for the new syllabus. IT IS EASIER implications of which need to be taken on board Captain Bai Honqui of the Civil Aviation Flight TO PRODUCE in many areas of regulation, training providers University of China (CAFUC) described their MPL AIRCRAFT THAN and airlines if the huge forecast expansion in course. CAFUC has 200 aircraft at fi ve training ab PROPERLY commercial aviation is to be achieved while at the bases, 380 instructors and processes 1,200 same time maintaining safety standards. initio students per year. Airline passenger numbers TRAINED PILOTS in China had increased from about 190m in 2008 to 320m in 2012, a 68% increase over fi ve years, The Multi-Crew Pilot Licence about 14% per year. Over the same period, pilot numbers in China had increased from 17,300 One subject that was mentioned in many to nearly 30,000, a 73% increase or 14·5% pa. presentations was the Multi-Crew Pilot License The CAFUC MPL course had 320 cockpit hours, (MPL). This uses less real fl ying but much more starting with 95 fl ying hours in a Cessna 172 or training in simulators to familiarise the MPL equivalent type. The 225 simulator hours are in graduate with the right-hand seat role that he or she three phases, basic, intermediate and advanced. will occupy with the sponsoring airline. Compared On graduation the student will have carried out to the traditional CPL syllabus, the MPL contains take-offs and landings in an A320 or Boeing 737 considerably more ‘cockpit time’ and its fi nal simulator, ideal background for a quick conversion stage includes experience in a Level D Full Flight to the airline’s operational type, and quite different to Simulator, so that conversion to the right hand seat the traditional CPL. of the airline’s aircraft will be seamless. Captain Burkhard Kruse of Lufthansa said that Dieter Harms, the ‘father of the MPL’, talked his airline had converted from CPL to MPL courses, about improving training through the MPL system. and that 20% of MPL students had better grades He saw a change from training being task-based to on conversion to Lufthansa right-hand seats than being competency-based. Furthermore, the correct previous CPL graduates. There was also a 15% management of threats and even errors in the air reduction in costs. Commenting on the use of was part of being competent. He had a dream of simulators in the MPL syllabus, “the right sim for the a ‘globally harmonised pilot qualifi cation standard’. right task” could be used, from FTD up to FFS at the Up to the end of 2012 there had been about end of the course. FSTDs at the new 2,200 MPL students worldwide and about 750 had graduated and were fl ying with their sponsoring ICAO Document 9625 CAE-Emirates airlines. The most growth was in Asia. He wanted training centre to increase the global implementation of MPL and Peter Tharp of the RAeS Flight Simulation Group concluded by saying: “Don’t let us wait until the pilot (FSG) briefed on the implementation of ICAO shortage tsunami hits us”. Document 9625 on worldwide simulator criteria. CAE

22 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Director of the ICAO Air Navigation Bureau, FAA Administrator, EASA Rulemaking Director, IATA VP Operations, and the Chief Executive of the UK CAA. IPTC’s ‘mission statement’ includes the development of an international agreement on common standards and processes for pilot training, instruction and evaluation, with a view to ICAO making appropriate provisions in these areas. IPTC British Airways In documents like this, the term ‘Flight Simulator has a Steering Committee and Workstreams for Training Device’ (FSTD) is used instead of Regulation, Pilot Competence, Pilot Recruitment, ‘simulator’. This term includes lower-level Flight Training Devices and Training Practices. In the Training Devices (FTD) up to Full Flight Simulators Regulatory area there will be an MPL Symposium (FFS) with big outside-world visuals and full 6-axis at ICAO HQ in Montreal on 10-12 December motion. 9625 was drafted by an International 2013. On fl ight simulators, IPTC will support the Working Group (IWG) with members from airframe implementation of ICAO Doc 9625 by National manufacturers, regulatory authorities, simulator CAAs, expand mutual recognition of simulator manufacturers, pilot representatives and so forth, qualifi cations, and review ICAO provisions for chaired by a member of the Flight Simulation simulators. Additional work includes taking forward Group (FSG) of the Society, monitored by the FSG the results of the International Committee for Among other things, the 9625 work has reduced Aviation Training in Extended Envelopes (ICATEE) 26 previous simulator categories to seven, the which recommended more Upset Prevention most capable being the new ‘Type 7’, equivalent to & Recovery Training (UPRT) in both initial and a Level D with enhancements in areas such as air recurrent pilot training. To register for IPTC email: traffi c management and motion cueing. The third [email protected] edition of ICAO 9625 Volume 1 was published in July 2009 and has been implemented by some Conclusions regulatory authorities but disappointingly is forecast to be implemented by the US FAA and EASA only This important conference illustrated both progress by 2016. and uncertainties in the commercial air transport Enhancements to Volume 1 proposed by the sector, and there was much more than can be RAeS-led International Committee for Aviation covered in a short article. Training aids are now of Training in Enhanced Envelopes (ICATEE) include very high quality and vary from basic Flight Training modelling and cueing for stall and post-stall fl ight, Devices to top-level Full Flight Simulators with big the result of accidents such as Colgan 3407 near visuals and all-axis motion. This was emphasised RAeS Buffalo and Air France 447 in the Atlantic. It was by FSG Chairman Mark Dransfi eld who said that Conference: pointed out that the RAeS Annual Flight Crew simulation technology is no longer an issue and, Annual International Flight Crew Training Conference: Training (FTC) conference on 25-26 September with recent progress “it’s all there” in new fl ight Upset Prevention, would concentrate on ICATEE matters, with the simulators. The Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL) Recognition and Recovery title ‘Upset Prevention, Recognition and Recovery exploits these simulators and prepares new pilots Training Training’. Finally, Volume 2 of ICAO 9625 is for for their future environment in the right hand seat 25-26 September - London helicopters, was published in 2011 and, in terms of Looking wider, the Society has a key role in the implementation, is at an earlier stage compared to International Pilot Training Consortium (IPTC) and The 2013 Conference at Volume 1 for fi xed-wing aeroplanes. recent accidents show the need for more upset the Society’s Headquarters prevention and recovery training, the subject of in London will examine the Society’s September Flight Crew Training and discuss the challenges International Pilot Training of upset prevention and Consortium (IPTC) Conference (see panel on right). recovery training. In The major problem for the future is the supply addition to other papers Peter Barrett of the RAeS briefed on the of properly trained pilots and engineers to support on this theme, the RAeS International Pilot Training Consortium (IPTC), of the large expansion that is forecast between now International Committee for Aviation Training in which he is Executive Chairman. This body is a and 2030. Predictions are for some 1,700 new Extended Flight Envelopes partnership between ICAO, IATA, IFALPA and the aircraft and no fewer than 23,000 new pilots each (ICATEE), which arose from Society. The four Consortium partners aim to build year. It is easier to produce aircraft than properly the highly successful June on work achieved to date in the commercial air trained pilots, and this is the world ‘pilot shortage 2009 conference on this transport sector, on pilot, instructor and evaluator tsunami’ referred to earlier, for which at present subject, will report on their progress. training and qualifi cation, further reducing the there seems to be no satisfactory solution. Spirited accident rate, and ensuring suffi cient competent action is required if these huge numbers of pilots More details: pilots in the future. IPTC originated during the and maintainers are to be properly trained and +44 (0)20 7670 4345 Society’s 2011 Flight Crew Training Conference commercial aircraft safety maintained while this conference@aerosociety. com after a meeting between the RAeS President, the expansion takes place.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 23 MISSILES AAnglo-Frenchnglo-French rresearchesearch

Targeting tomorrow

The Anglo-French MCM-ITP research programme is looking at innovative ways to develop and improve complex weapon technology for next generation missiles. BILL READ reports from Lille in France on the latest developments.

he Materials and Components for breathing propulsion, warheads, fuzes & self-arming Missiles Innovation and Technology units (SAUs) and materials & electronics. Led by an Partnership (MCM-ITP) is a UK and industrial consortium partner, each domain includes French government-sponsored research a mix of major UK/French defence companies, programme designed to develop novel, small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and academic Texploitable technologies for future missiles. institutions. The research areas vary depending on Funded 50% by the French Direction Générale the specialisation of each domain but, common aims de l’Armement (DGA) and the UK Ministry of are to reduce the costs of missile development, Defence (MoD) and 50% by industrial partners, production and lifecycle, increasing performance. MCM-ITP has an annual budget of up to €13m. The Projects are looking both at new concepts and ways programme is open to participation by all UK and to improve existing systems. French companies and academic institutions, 49 of During the Lille conference, technical which are participating in current projects and 89 of presentations were given on 32 of the current which are involved in the overall programme. projects with others being summarised in poster MCM-ITP IS A Since being launched in 2007, MCM-ITP has format. A selection of current MCM-ITP projects and UNIQUE MODEL held two previous meetings to review progress — at participants are listed later in this article. WHICH HAS Lille in 2009 and Manchester in 2010. This year, “MCM-ITP is a unique model which has provided around 250 delegates returned to Lille on 22-23 unique grass roots research development,” explains PROVIDED May to review the fi rst fi ve years of the programme. Mark Slater, MBDA Future Systems Director. UNIQUE “Across the eight domains of MCM-ITP you've got GRASS ROOTS Research targets real experts in their fi eld who are looking for new RESEARCH ideas. It has also been particularly good at setting The aim of MCM-ITP is to develop future UK up relationships between key defence industry DEVELOPMENT and French military capabilities at a lower cost by players, industry and researchers that didn't exist sharing the research budget. The research projects before. As confi dence has grown, MCM has got Mark Slater are divided into eight different technical ‘domains’, better and better and it is starting to produce some Future Systems Director comprising: systems, radio frequency (RF) sensors, really interesting results which we are beginning to MBDA electro-optic (OE) sensors, rocket propulsion, air- use in actual projects."

24 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 RESEARCH PROJECT EXAMPLE 1 Guidance in Uncertain Shooting Domains (GUSD)

Once a long range air-to-air missile has been launched from an aircraft, to maximise the chances of a successful engagement, the shooting pilot needs to maintain a telemetry link with the missile until it can lock on to its target. However, maintaining this link over time may increase the risk of the attacking aircraft coming under fi re itself. Breaking the telemetry link too early, so that the attacker can get to safety, may mean that the missile misses its target. Currently, military pilots must rely on their training and judgement regarding the optimal time to fi re and track a missile. The GUSD project uses algorithms to intelligently calculate all the likely evasive manoeuvres taken by the enemy aircraft and work out a percentage probability of the missile’s likelihood of success. This MCM-ITP: information would be displayed on a pilot's head-up display (HUD) — as illustrated on this page. €13M ANNUAL BUDGET

30% OF FUNDS GO TO SMES MBDA AND LABORATORIES

90 RESEARCH PROJECTS OVER FIVE YEARS

40 PROTOTYPES AND ALGORITHMS TESTED

89 UK AND FRENCH INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS, SMES, RESEARCH CENTRES AND ACADEMIA

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Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) Maturity levels

1. Basic principles of technology observed For a new research idea to progress from a concept and reported to a working system, it has to progress through nine 2. Technology concept and application TRLs technology readiness levels (TRLs), starting from formulated covered by a basic concept and ending up in a proven system 3. Analytical and laboratory studies to validate concept MCM-ITP (see table on left). “The function of MCM-ITP is to 4. Components validated in a laboratory take concepts up to TRL 3 and 4,” says Mark Slater. environment } “To go beyond that level, you need to look to places such as the Weapons Science and Technology 5. Components demonstrated in a valid environment Centre (WSTC) run by DSTL which can take such 6. System prototype demonstrated in a ideas and develop them into products.” relevant environment Not all the projects being looked at in MCM- 7. System prototype in an operational ITP will progress beyond the research stage. environment For a concept to be developed further, it needs 8. System qualifi ed through test 9. System proven through operational more 'serious money' to be spent on it to develop operations working demonstrators and prototypes. In some cases, the cost of such investment is greater than any benefi ts that might be acrued — although the knowledge gained during research may be used for other projects and may be returned to at a later date. Among the MCM-ITP projects that have so far failed to get off the drawing board due to issues of complexity or cost are work on aerodynamics fl ow,

MBDA multi-domain options for missiles, human-in-the-loop research and open architecture power management systems. “Not all the concepts worked but the vast majority was good research,” observes Mark Slater. “MCM-ITP is like a funnel into which you put concepts and speculative ideas, sift through the best ones and then home in on the most attractive product that meets the needs of customers for future military technology. The key to success for a project is to marry with a product, reduce costs or increase performance.

RESEARCH PROJECT EXAMPLE 2 Dual Band Polarmetric Target Discrimination

A problem currently being faced in modern warfare is how to differentiate between military and non-military targets in a cluttered environment. This research project uses a dual band polarmetric infrared camera which can more clearly Moving on identify targets by measuring both refl ected heat and the properties of light When MCM-ITP was fi rst set up by the British which they refl ect. With this camera it and French governments, it was decided that the is possible, for example, to see vehicles project would run for an initial six years. However, partially concealed by trees or railings the project has been such a success that the two in both day and night time conditions governments have agreed that it should continue (highlighted in yellow on illustration). for a further six years at a similar level of funding Such equipment could be used as part of and a new agreement (currently being referred to a missile seeker system or in a loitering as MCM-ITP 2) is being drafted prior to launching a UAV. new tranche of research and call for proposals.

26 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 RESEARCH PROJECT EXAMPLE 3 Materials for Hypersonic Structures

There has been much interest recently in the development of new-generation missiles which could travel at supersonic and hypersonic speeds. However, one of the problems with

designing missiles to travel at such speeds is that MBDA the skin temperature of the vehicle can rise to over 1,000°C — which is higher than traditional aluminium structures can tolerate. Hypersonic airframes need to be manufactured from expensive and heavy high-temperature tolerant materials, such as titanium and ceramic matrix composites (CMC). This project is FUTURE PROJECT EXAMPLE looking at the potential of a low-cost alternative to CMC materials called HVN-CMC — a carbon fi bre reinforced ceramic matrix Perseus which can be formed into complex shapes and can withstand temperatures up to 1,100°C. A test missile nose cone made of One of the next generation weapons projects HVN-CMC was on display at the event (inset picture). which could benefi t from MCM-ITP research is MBDA’s CVS401 Perseus supersonic naval and land attack weapon system. Being developed as one of the company’s Concept Visions projects, Perseus is a 5m-long ramjet-powered stealth missile capable of speeds up to Mach 3. In addition to its own warhead, Perseus also carries two additional guided effectors which could be used for dispersed attacks on large warships or ground-based missile systems. MBDA

ACADEMIC PARTNER EXAMPLE University of Birmingham

One of the academic institutions participating in MCM-ITP is the University of Birmingham which is looking at the possibilities for future missile component construction offered by advanced processing of metallic and ceramic materials, including laser metal deposition (LMD), selective laser melting (SLM), hot isostatic Examples of 3D printed metallic missile components on display pressing, friction welding and gel casting of ceramic materials. at the University of Birmingham stand.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 27 General Aviation Aviation services provider Gama — 30 years of progress

RICHARD GARDNER talks to Dave Edwards, MD of international aviation services provider Gama Aviation.

ama is a worldwide business aviation Middle East and Asia. A year ago, Gama announced services organisation, founded in a new Hong Kong operating base offering aircraft 1983, and now employing over 400 management and charter services throughout Asia. Gpersonnel, fl ying 80 aircraft with over The recent expansion of services has included 30 operating bases across Europe, the exclusive provision of executive aircraft, FBO the Americas, the Middle East and Asia. In the and maintenance services at Sharjah International UK, Gama has its headquarters in the impressive Airport and the establishment of Gama Engineering business aviation hangar complex at Farnborough. Ltd, offering fi xed and rotary wing aircraft These huge, spotlessly clean hangars, provide a operators a comprehensive design, manufacturing, state-of-the-art environment for bizjet operations and certifi cation, maintenance, repair, overhaul and the modern Gama offi ces refl ect a dynamic image modifi cation service at Fairoaks. The group’s most that is at the heart of the company’s aspirations for recent acquisition is Ronaldson Airmotive, fully growth. EASA Part 145 certifi ed for the provision of engine While visiting the UK from his HQ in Sharjah, and component overhaul services. in the United Arab Emirates, AEROSPACE was According to Edwards, the commercial focus at able to talk with Dave Edwards, Managing Director Sharjah is good, with excellent crew facilities, hangar of Gama Aviation — and currently the youngest space and executive lounges. The increase in bizjet Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society. He began aircraft movements at Sharjah in 2012 was 89%. 400 his career at the age of 14, cleaning and refuelling Edwards said that, while Middle East growth was Personnel aircraft at weekends before moving, after achieving steady, the Asian market was potentially a high growth his degree in Transport Management, into Executive market but access was diffi cult at present. Europe Aircraft Handling at Luton and Heathrow Airports. is struggling in diffi cult circumstances but Gama is In 1998, he began his association with Gama diversifying into management and charter operations, Aviation, in the Operations Department at Fairoaks and maintenance. Over the coming years there will 80 Airport in Surrey. Gama was then a fi ve-aircraft be a need for more crews and more engineers. Aircraft operator, having started off with a Beechcraft “We’ll always need people with the right skills,” he Baron used on air taxi operations. Edwards was said. Asked where the staff were coming from promoted in 2005 to Group General Manager and today, he replied: “Largely by word of mouth. There helped oversee the growth of the business with is more variety today, with more diverse jobs and charter certifi cates in Europe, North America and new destinations being added to operations. Safety 30 the Middle East. For the past two years he has been is paramount. The emerging markets still rely on Operating bases responsible for the group’s development in the experienced crews — there remains a great shortage.”

28 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Left: Gama is headquartered in Sharjah, UAE. Gama. new SMS initiatives was the launch of the ‘Safety in Numbers’ campaign. This highlights ten areas of safety operational and environmental risk and gives a largely risk focused approach for the Gama team to proactively manage and explore opportunities for Last December, Gama announced that it had improvement. added fi ve new aircraft to its Middle East fl eet. This included an additional Embraer Legacy 600 and a European expansion Challenger 604 to its UAE-based charter fl eet and, a Legacy 650, Hawker 800XP and VIP Boeing 737 Meanwhile, Gama has also been raising its to its growing regional management fl eet. Although European profi le. In November 2012 the company Gama is well established at Sharjah, with an opened a new operating base at Geneva. additional base in Dubai, the fl eet growth marks the Operations commenced with a Gulfstream V and company’s expansion into Abu Dhabi. Edwards said: Learjet 45, joining an existing Learjet 45 based “To enter our fourth year of operations in the Middle at Zurich. The new company offi ces are located East on such a positive note is very rewarding. within Geneva Airport’s Executive Terminal. In the The regional market for business aviation remains UK, the Gama group has teamed with the MoD to positive, if slow, so it’s pleasing to see that the hard support the RAF’s fl eet of Shadow R1 electronic work and customer service ethic of our entire team surveillance special missions aircraft. These here is gaining signifi cant traction.” platforms are based on the airframe of the well- In March 2013, the company said that it was proven Beechcraft King Air 350 and were acquired to add a Legacy 600 to be based at the Al Bateen under an Urgent Operational Requirement to Executive Airport in Abu Dhabi. This aircraft was provide specialist ISTAR capabilities as a gap-fi ller proving popular with regional customers thanks to in the operational theatre. The Shadow support its two separate cabin zones that allow for increased team was awarded the UK MoD, Chief of Defence privacy for up to 13 passengers as well as a large Materiel (CDM) Commendation ‘in recognition of baggage compartment. The aircraft also has an exceptional support beyond normal performance impressive long-range non-stop capability fl ying at expectations’. As well as providing UK support and 575mph, allowing direct fl ights from Abu Dhabi to logistics supply, Gama provides service engineering Geneva, Moscow or Bankok. teams and supply chains to support the aircraft around the world. Safety management The award was presented by Bernard Gray, Chief of Defence Materiel and the head of the Earlier this year, Gama launched a new Safety MoD’s Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) Management Scheme (SMS) initiative. Intended to organisation. Gama’s Support Services Engineering THE OLD pre-empt business aviation regulatory requirements, Director, Paul Bristow, said: “Keeping an operational CUSTOM OF Gama’s investment in its new SMS initiative is aimed military registered aircraft within civil oversight at further enhancing the levels of both safety and has been no mean feat but has demonstrated CHATTING service delivery. The company currently operates the industry’s ability to adapt and come up with ABOUT in some of the world’s most challenging locations innovative ideas.” INCIDENTS and environments and as Edwards points out: OVER A BEER IN “The SMS initiative makes it as good as it can be. Consolidation Pooling knowledge makes a difference. The old THE BAR IS NOT custom of chatting about incidents over a beer in Gama Engineering Ltd saw the coming together ENOUGH — WE the bar is not enough — we need a more structured of Lees Avionics and the engineering teams NEED A MORE approach bringing operational knowledge together from Mann Aviation Group (Engineering) Ltd last for everyone’s benefi t. Feedback on how we manage September, with a focus at Fairoaks on a very STRUCTURED and look after aircraft, spares and supplies and deal comprehensive facility at the airport where it all APPROACH with customer needs is making sure we are very started. Gama Engineering completed its 50th EASA BRINGING safe. We have a series of visual focus reminders STC, a milestone for the design offi ce with detailed OPERATIONAL which help to change attitudes and we also use design and certifi cation of a Garmin G600EFIS statistics to highlight certain benefi ts,” he added: system into a BN Islander used by the Belgian KNOWLEDGE “We have a blame-free culture but compare what Coastguard. The work was carried out on behalf of TOGETHER FOR was expected and what we have delivered. Monthly ASP Avionics from Belgium. EVERYONE’S feedback goes into a management newsletter Underlining the serious progress being achieved BENEFIT which is read right through the organisation. After by Gama’s onward expansion was the appointment a fl ight, all data is fed back and we can use this at last year of Sir Ralph Robins, former CEO of Rolls- the next training event. This is very useful to spot Royce, and one of the aerospace sectors most Dave Edwards where an incident might become a trend and the respected leaders, as Non-Executive Chairman of Managing Director, analysis is shared widely.” One of the fi rst of the Gama Group. Thirty years on, the future looks bright. Gama Aviation

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 29 CAREERS Apprenticeship rennassiance Apprenticeships reach new heights

It is a myth that apprenticeships equal greasy hands and limited horizons. ROSALIND AZOUZI, RAeS Careers and Education Manager, provides an overview of the modern aeropace and aviation apprentice scene.

hile, for many, apprenticeships watching carefully the impact of tuition fees on have been the backbone of graduates, particularly in engineering and science the UK engineering sector it is disciplines. Clearly, long term, if there are insuffi cient W only recently that changes in numbers of quality graduates in the subject areas Government policy, including we need, then we are likely to invest more in areas increases in university tuition fees and renewed such as Higher Apprenticeships. support for apprenticeship training, have driven both Investment in skills and our future workforce employers and young people to look at alternative is a core part of our UK business strategy. This career pathways. The pendulum appears to be is exemplifi ed by our Group Managing Director, swinging fi rmly back in favour of apprenticeships. Nigel Whitehead who is a Skills Commissioner Aerospace and aviation employers are also for UKCES. We have also published our ten-year increasingly offering apprenticeships in other parts Skills 2020 strategy to demonstrate this long-term of their business and the recent announcement commitment.” of the Higher Apprenticeship in Professional Pilot At Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group, Practice takes apprentice training to the skies apprenticeships have underpinned the company and demonstrates the increasingly important role which has run an unbroken apprenticeship apprentices will play in the future of the aerospace programme since the 1920s. According to Rob industry. Butler, Manager of AeroAcademy: “The scheme However, are schools aware of the opportunities is seen as the jewel in the crown” at a company on offer and do apprenticeships suffer a reputation known both for providing high standards of aircraft as a low-aspiration career choice among those maintenance and aerospace design expertise. who infl uence young people’s career decisions? Butler adds: “The scheme has the full support of the And what is the role of professional bodies in Marshall family who recognise what apprenticeships recognising and supporting apprenticeship providers deliver to the business both now and in the future.” THOSE WHO and apprentices and promoting apprenticeships to Marshall ADG runs Craft and Design PERFORM young people? Apprenticeships with many apprentices going on to BETTER IN THE complete an Honours degree and gain Chartered Engineering the skills chain status.” So, says Butler: “There is the full career RECRUITMENT path available to them.” He believes this also helps PROCESS HAVE At the top end of the supply chain, BAE Systems reduce attrition levels as many apprentices stay on HAD HOBBIES is an example of a UK prime investing heavily in with the fi rm and go into senior management. training. Richard Hamer, Director of Education & Airlines are also an important link in the WHICH LEND Head of Early Career Programmes, estimates that engineering skills supply chain. British Airways THEMSELVES BAE Systems’ investment in education and skills Engineering re-introduced its Apprenticeship TO HAND in 2012 was: “£80m which includes the combined programme three years ago and now recruit 100 SKILLS, SUCH development and salary costs of their apprentices aircraft engineering apprentices annually as well and graduates.” He also says: “Presently, the return as investing a further £70m into their engineering AS CAR OR BIKE on investment between graduate schemes and facilities at Heathrow, which includes A380 and 787 MAINTENANCE apprentice schemes is fairly similar but we are capability. Monarch Aircraft Engineering Limited

30 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Nonetheless, BAE Systems is also attracting high numbers of applicants. Fraser Kennedy, HR Manager — Employer Ownership & Defence Partnering, says: “We received 1,000 applications for the 45 advanced engineering apprenticeships commencing this September for our Military Aircraft business in Preston.” However, Kennedy believes there is an issue further down the supply chain. “Anecdotal feedback from SMEs is that they often struggle to attract quality candidates for apprenticeships and, likewise, they fi nd the quality of training from some training providers not to be always fi t for purpose.” To address the issue, BAE Systems received funding under the Employer Ownership of Skills Pilot (EOP) scheme to begin a Level 3 advanced engineering apprentice overtraining scheme based in Preston from this September. “We had funding for 50 apprenticeships

Airbus but we have had to lower our target based on demand from local companies,” says Kennedy. “This (MAEL) recruit around 12 apprentices each year is likely due to a combination of factors, including for its aircraft maintenance programme which has the current economic/business conditions; lack an A Licence built in. Numbers may also increase in of familiarity with the over-training concept, plus future years — as well as the company’s successful employers looking for long-term apprentice training Luton and Manchester bases, MAEL is building a provision, whereas we currently only have funding new hangar at Birmingham airport which will create for single, ‘pilot’ phase.” 150 new jobs with the potential for a further 150 Why did not more SMEs commit to the scheme? and will focus on third party maintenance provision Fraser comments: “Taking on an apprentice is a from UK and overseas airlines. In demand: major, long-term commitment for an SME and under present economic conditions, some are reluctant to Quality and quantity of applicants make that investment. Likewise, there is still some scepticism with SMEs regarding the quality of some Despite concerns that apprenticeships have a poor 200 apprentice training provision. We make a signifi cant reputation, aerospace and aviation companies applications for investment in our apprentice scheme that well appear to be inundated with applicants. exceeds the funding we draw down from the Skills For example, Butler says that Marshall ADG Funding Agency.” receives around 200 applications each year for its 16-20 scheme which has around 16-20 places. Location places Hand skills can be an issue for Marshall which is based in Cambridge. Rob says: “Cambridge is an expensive (Marshall) Another issue highlighted by both Butler and place to rent property and apprentices also need Brewer is the hand skills requirement for both to drive to work due to hours and poor public organisations’ Advanced Apprenticeship schemes. transport.” 1,000 Both use practical tests during the selection At MAEL applicant numbers are even higher applications for process. Butler says: “Testing hand skills makes the with 650 applicants in 2013. Jeff Brewer, recruitment process more complex and expensive Engineering Training Manager, says they assess but essential to the role. Engineering capability everyone who applies. Brewer does have concerns is just as important as interest in aircraft.” Butler about school performance, particularly as he feels 45 has noticed a pattern emerging among candidates a C grade in GCSE Maths does not mean the places whereby those with high academic achievement candidate’s Maths skills are of high enough standard (BAE Systems have lower manual dexterity. He worries that with for their programme, particularly in areas such as MAI) the pressure on schools to achieve higher grades fractions. Monarch’s partner college will provide that young people are spending more time on their Functional Skills support for those who require a studies to achieve these and less on hobbies which better standard of Maths which, Brewer says, “often help develop the practical skills required for the provides better preparation for the workplace than apprentice scheme. He notes that often, those who GCSE Maths”. MAEL work closely with local schools perform better in the recruitment process have had to promote the scheme but can see a confl ict with hobbies which lend themselves to hand skills, such schools who have sixth forms, as they want students as car or bike maintenance. Brewer adds: “Hand to stay on.  skills are simply not encouraged in schools, and

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to the aircraft industry approach and the ‘100% right or in the bin’ standards but now have a very robust programme in place. Brewer’s concern is of those applying from university having completed B Licence modules but without the appropriate practical experience and sometimes unrealistic salary expectations. Brewer says: “Going to university can make it harder to work in aircraft maintenance afterwards” and advises those on this BAE Systems route to address the hand skills requirements and graduates who apply after university are particulary needs of MRO employers. Upskilling the weak when it comes to hand skills. Our assessment takes both theory and practical aspects into account Return on investment supply chain as a combination of both is important to succeed.” BAE Systems Most employers agree that they will contribute have also been Funding substantially to apprentice training and the development of new programmes. As Hamer points ‘over-training’ How important is Government apprenticeship out: “It is true that the relative return on investment applicants to funding to employers? Both Marshall and Monarch of apprentice and graduate programmes are fairly place them with work with partner colleges who draw down similar but, importantly, apprentice retention is SMEs. Government funds to contribute to training costs better than graduate retention. Apprentices are but, as Brewer notes: “Funding is not the main driver recruited locally and are more likely to stay with our in assessing a candidate, most important is that they businesses.” have the right skills.” Generally speaking, apprenticeships are an Butler agrees. “We look ahead to our business excellent way to retain staff. Monarch has also needs over the next few years and work with our found that attrition rates among apprentices are local college who can draw down funding but also lower, and most stay with the company, meaning look to get best candidate, even if not eligible for they are less affected by skills gaps later down funding due to age, etc.” However, Butler believes the line, such as a lack of B1 Licensed Engineers. Government support is essential to apprenticeship At Marshall, Butler admits that some of their providers, without which many would not operate apprentices are poached by other companies but and also for Government to “show their commitment notes they usually stay within the aerospace sector to skills development.” thus retaining skills and this also helps demonstrate The funding landscape is changing, such as the that Marshall are setting high standards which can UK Commission for Employment’s EOP programme lead to more business for the company. which encourages industry leadership. Phase 1 applications were announced in September 2012 Gender divide and Phase 2 applications will be announced in the summer of 2013. BAE Systems was successful in However, Butler highlights that lack of female bidding for Phase 1 funding and Fraser says: “One apprentices as a persistent problem and is a focus of the advantages of the EOP funding to employers for Marshall’s current marketing campaign. In 2014,

is that it enables large employers to use their its Insight into Aerospace programme — which offers surplus apprentice training capacity to help support two one-week sessions for selected young people small companies in their supply chain and wider to visit all areas of the Marshall business, carry sector. We can offer the proven experience we have out engineering exercises and experience many built up over many years.’’ aspects of working in the industry — will include a girls-only week. That said, Butler says many girls Aircraft regulations are not progressing through the selection stages, usually due to not performing well on tests looking For MRO providers, matching apprenticeship at three-dimensional ability. This may be due to less framework requirements with aircraft regulatory encouragement in activities which develop these requirements offers additional challenges. Butler skills at a younger age, and we would like to look at notes it can be a struggle to match NVQ and City ways to improve girls’ performance in these skills. & Guild requirements with CAA requirements BAE Systems has also made diversity a and believes greater dialogue is needed between focus of its EOP2 proposal which includes Level awarding bodies and regulators to better align 2 intermediate apprenticeship concept for local modules to encourage people into the industry. schools. This would provide the opportunity for year Colleges also have to adapt. Brewer says it 10/11 students to come into its facilities for one took some time for their partner college to adapt day per week to get a ‘hands-on’ qualifi cation over a

32 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 two-year period. Kennedy says: “We would also use Recognising apprenticeships: this to help address some of our business diversity and inclusion targets to attract both females and the Society’s role ethnic minorities into careers in engineering to refl ect the communities we work in.” NAOMI PAGE, Membership Manager, Royal GOING TO Aeronautical Society, reports. UNIVERSITY Branching out CAN MAKE In 2013, the RAeS has run a number of British Airways Engineering and BAE Systems initiatives to support apprenticeships. In March IT HARDER are also investing into Business Apprenticeships. we introduced the new ‘Apprentice Affi liate’ TO WORK IN BAE Systems has found that attrition levels for grade of membership which is for those on AIRCRAFT graduates on their commercial programmes are a recognised full-time Craft Apprenticeship. MAINTENANCE higher than they would like, saying: “The ‘big four’ Higher apprentices can also become members [fi nancial] consultancies can offer more than we by applying for our ‘Student Affi liate’ grade. AFTERWARDS can and we have experienced resource shortages The Society also hosted the fi rst ‘Apprentice Jeff Brewer for commercial and procurement graduates once Engagement Forum’ in May this year. This Engineering Training they have received their professional accreditation.” event was an opportunity for both apprentices Manager, Furthermore, the BAE Systems Business and employers to hear about apprenticeship Monarch Aircraft Apprenticeship will also allow the company to schemes within the sector. The day included Engineering Limited incorporate business-specifi c experience, such as presentations from the Society’s President, exposure to US Government DoD sub-contractors Jenny Body OBE, Semta, a specialist economist requirements which would not typically form part of from Kings College London, the Engineering a usual academic degree. Council and also apprentices from MBDA, Finally, apprenticeships have taken fl ight with who shared their experiences and how to get the Higher Apprenticeship in Professional Aviation the most out of apprenticeship training. The Pilot Practice which launched in April 2013, Society’s newly formed Education and Skills enabling aspiring pilots to become apprentices Committee and the Young Persons Committee during their fl ight training and gain a Bachelor’s are keen to hold a similar event next year degree, as well as their commercial pilot’s licence. and develop ways in which the Society can Applicants can apply directly to participating fl ight further support the professional development training organisations and will be able to access of apprentices. This year’s annual secondary fi nancial support through the Student Loans schools event, the Ballantyne, also compared Company, a UK fi rst. It is also envisaged that airlines apprenticeship with graduate routes into both will take on pilot trainees who can then earn an sectors and we will also maintain this theme in apprentice wage to also help reduce the fi nancial the coming years to help inform young people, burden. This marks a step change for pilot training parents and teachers about the advantages and, over the coming months, we will report on both offer. those who undertake the programme and similar The Society can also approve Higher projects being envisaged for other parts of aviation. Apprenticeships for Incorporated Engineer (IEng) status and Craft Apprenticeships for Engineering Technician (EngTech) status.

Airbus Airbus has already taken advantage of the approval for both schemes. Gary Griffi ths, Head of Apprenticeships for Airbus in the UK, commented: “I am delighted with the agreement we have reached with RAeS on having our apprenticeships approved for EngTech and IEng. The new Apprentice Affi liate now enables us to use the Society for all our apprentices in the future.” The Society hopes to meet with other industry leaders to approve their apprenticeship schemes in the coming months.

Airbus apprentices can now obtain professional registration via the Royal Aeronautical Society.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 33 SHOW REPORT Paris Air Show 2013 Age of extremes While civil aerospace continues to soar ever higher, the defence sector remains overshadowed by dark clouds. TIM ROBINSON and BILL READ report on the highlights from the 50th Le Bourget Paris Air Show, held on 17-23 June.

xtremes of dark clouds, torrential rain moved further into the future.The air show, too, was followed by blazing sunshine during the validation for Boeing and its Dreamliner after the week at Le Bourget were perhaps a earlier 787 grounding this year. Existing customers Emetaphor for the increasing disconnect have kept the faith, and Boeing secured orders for between booming civil and and stagnant the 787-10 which was launched at the show. military aerospace sectors. However, one company underperforming at The week of trade at the 50th Le Bourget saw Paris was Bombardier, despite racking up some some $150bn worth of deals signed, representing $1·4bn in other orders. With its CSeries airliner on 1,250 aircraft — the vast bulk of these civil airliners. the verge of fi rst fl ight, the programme could have Both major OEMs in the form of Airbus and Boeing done with a much needed boost at the show with secured billions of dollars in orders — adding to some signifi cant sales announcements. Instead, their already bulging backlog and indicating that the it was rival Embraer who stole the regional jet Smile, you’re global economy is moving back into better times. limelight with its re-engined E2 announcement. (see Order Summary page 40). This year’s Le Bourget was also noteworthy on camera This brings new challenges in itself. The strain for the effects of US sequestration (the non- During the show, EADS Astrium published a satellite on the supply chain is one, with SMEs concerned attendance of US military aircraft — usually a major image of the Le Bourget site over the big two’s plans for production ramp-ups. The presence and a valuable sales tool for US defence taken from the Pléiades 1A second is that, for Airbus and Boeing, it is notable companies). The return of the Russians in the and 1B very-high resolution that, with the fl ight of the A350 in June, we may form of the Su-35 and Ka-52 was welcome but Earth-observation satellites. have to wait perhaps a decade for any all-new clean this does not disguise the fact that defence is now sheet designs from these manufacturers, rather signifi cantly reduced and becoming a smaller part of than derivatives. This has implications for companies the show. Defence companies are having to adapt searching for large scale programmes to adopt — and position themselves to take advantage of any innovative new technology. A ‘bulge’ in civil aircraft revenues in growth markets like cyber, security and development with 787, A350, 737MAX, A320neo, UAVs. Doing more with less, support services and CSeries and MRJ all appearing roughly at the same retrofi t projects rather than big new programmes time means that there is likely to be a signifi cant are the focus. gap before we see radical new airliner designs. Next This is perhaps best illustrated in the scramble generation single-aisle and BWB airliners have now of activity among European companies to gain a EADS Astrium Boeing

34 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Airbus foothold, however small, on any future European from lessor Doric Lease Corporation for 20 A380s. MALE UAS programme. Meanwhile, the competition Airbus note that the A380 entered service a year for defence contracts in the Middle East/Asia- before the global fi nancial meltdown, so was this Pacifi c is set to intensify, as US companies focus big order a bellweather for the recovering global Not-so surprise agressively on boosting their international revenues. economy? visitor

A tale of two M&A sectors Europe’s ‘Game of drones’ It was a topic on everyone’s lips in the run up to the A sign of the contrast between commercial This year saw the Le Bourget debut (albeit inside show — would Airbus bring its new A350 widebody to aerospace activity and the stagnant defence fi eld a protective dome) of the French-led Neuron Le Bourget, just days after was provided by merger and acquisition specialist, UCAV demonstrator — fresh from its fi rst fl ight in its fi rst fl ight? Though Airbus Michael Richter, Managing Director of Lazard’s December. (see Year of the UCAV, AEROSPACE, played down expectations, the Aerospace and Defense Investment Banking arm June 2013). Inside, Dassault displayed a notional presence of French President which has been involved in a fl urry of recent M&A joint French-UK UCAV model — which showed François Hollande on the Friday was no coincidence — deals, However, while the intense M&A activity the close alignment between Paris and London on and visitors were rewarded in civil aerostructures was leading to companies military matters, following the Lancaster Treaty in with a fl yby of Europe’s new aiming to ‘clean-up the supply chain’ to meet 2010. Anglo-French defence co-operation was also composite airliner. increasing demand from civil OEMs, the defence highlighted at the show by a Thales Watchkeeper side was bleak. Richter said that, due to the effects UAV sporting French roundels. of US budget sequestration, there was “complete Yet all is not so simple. With Germany’s cessation in M&A deals that could and should take EuroHawk axed and the BAE/Dassault Telemos place”. The US defence uncertainty had completely MALE UAV in limbo, the hunt is on again for a PARIS IN eliminated buyers and sellers getting together on European MALE or collaborative project which BRIEF prices and the value of a business. national aerospace companies can co-operate on. On Sunday, Italy’s Alenia Aermacchi, EADS Thales unveiled a futuristic A380 sales drought over? Cassadian and Dassault issued a joint declaration new design for the calling for a European MALE programme. aircraft cockpit of the Only a couple of weeks earlier, there were glum Conspiciuously missing from this line-up was the future. Named Avionics faces at Airbus in Toulouse as the world’s press UK’s BAE Systems. 2020, the design is what asked pointed questions over sluggish recent The European ‘game of drones’ is set to enter a the company describes sales of the A380. Were superjumbo sales being new phase of manoeuvring and political jockeying as a ‘natural evolution’ cannibalised by the big widebodies such as the as European aerospace companies fi ght to get of its ODICIS cockpit 777 and the A350? At the show the answer was on to one of the few remaining combat aircraft demonstrator. Thales say a resounding no, with an order worth some $8bn programmes in the future. that the system could be fl ight ready within seven years.

The air show also saw the long-speculated launch of the -10 variant of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner — with Airbus formally handed Boeing having already gained launch approval for the type earlier this year. For this there was not just one over the fi rst A320 to Air launch customer but fi ve (three airlines and two lessors), buying 102-aircraft in a deal worth nearly $30bn New Zealand fi tted with at list prices. The 102-aircraft orders comprises Air Lease Corporation (ALC) (30 a/c) (British Airways fuel-saving sharklets on (12), GECAS (10), Singapore Airlines (30) and United Airlines (20). The deal is a boost for market interest the wingtips. Air New in the 787-10 model which will feature a 7,000nm range and 330 passengers, as well a vindication of the Zealand was the launch Dreamliner following its recent grounding. First deliveries will be in 2018. customer for the sharklet- equipped A320 and has a 787-10 launched with $30bn 102-aircraft orders total of ten on order.

MBDA’s latest annual Concept Visions project showcased a future weapons system designed to take over the function of artillery and replace it with a ‘one shot, one kill’ guidable accurate weapon. The CVS302 Hoplite consists of two complementary supersonic missiles.

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The 787 back in the air Ka-52 Alligator gets its jaws into exports A welcome sight for Boeing (and its airline customers) is that not one but two 787 Dreamliners At a Russian Helicopters briefi ng, Kamov gave an appeared at the show — with a colourful example insight into its two-seat Ka-52 ‘Alligator’ attack from Air India alongside a Dreamliner from Qatar helicopter which made its Paris debut. A development Airways. Repeating the precedent from last year’s of the Ka-50 single-seat Black Shark co-axial Farnborough, the 787 took part in the daily fl ying helicopter, the Ka-52 adds a second crewmember display. in side-by-side seating, plus advanced sensors and Fantastic a radar. A naval variant will also enter service aboard Flanker amazes New Eurofi ghter boss stresses the the Russian Navy’s new Mistral assault ships on order Undoubtedly for many visitors three Cs from France — although weapons for this variant are the display highlight was the unspecifi ed at the moment. ultra manoeuvrable Su-30S ‘Customers, Competitiveness and Capabilities’ Russian Helicopters is now aiming the Ka-52 Flanker-E. The latest variant was the message from incoming Eurofi ghter chief squarely at the international market. As a sign of the Su-27 family, the 3D-thrust vectoring fi ghter Alberto Gutirrez of his biggest priorities for the of the times, this Russian military helicopter has demonstrated its jaw- pan-European fi ghter programme. Only 12 days foreign content in the form of Sagem and German dropping agility. into his new role, he was thrown to the (press) pack components. Russian Helicopters says they are to be quizzed on export orders, reducing costs and also willing to incorporate other French or European unlocking the full capabilities of Typhoon. Though systems or equipment, should customers request it. Rostec subsidiary, Ural he was unable to give fi gures on how much the Works on Civil Aviation Eurofi ghter consortium was aiming to reduce costs Pilatus PC-24 mock-up (UWCA), has signed an by, the approach is not only to reduce operating agreement with Diamond costs for existing Typhoon operators as the platform Hidden away on the Pilatus static display was a Aircraft in Austria to work matures but to drive down expense in streamlining cabin mock-up of the Swiss manufacturer’s new on the joint production and the development process. Gutirrez said he forsees a PC-24 business jet. Claimed to be in a business jet design of a new series market for 1,000 combat aircraft in the next decade class of its own, Pilatus says that the new aircraft of light utility aircraft in — with Eurofi ghter aiming to secure 25% of these will combine the versatility of a turboprop (operating Russia. sales. from runways as short as 2,690ft) with the cabin size of a medium light jet and the performance of a CFM announced that Bombardier confi rms CSeries light jet. One of the unique features of the PC-24 orders for its LEAP-1B customer is a large cargo compartment in the rear fuselage engine fi tted to Boeing’s linked to the main cabin which is accessed through re-engined 737 MAX have Another order confi rmed on the Monday was for ten a large (1·3m x 1·25m) cargo door. This would now exceeded $35bn. With Bombarder CSeries CS100 regional jets from UK enable the aircraft to carry a standard cargo pallet the fi nal confi guration of start up operator Odyssey Airlines — an order fi rst or to load stretchers if it were used for medevac the engine now set, the placed in 2011. operations. The PC-24 is powered by two Williams engine programme has moved into the detailed design phase with Embraer launches re-engined EJet certifi cation scheduled for At the show, Brazil’s Embraer fi nally launched new versions of its popular EJet series of regional jets 2016. with the EJet E2, featuring new wings, new cabin interior and new engines. The E2 will be available in three versions, the E175 E2, E190 E2 and E195 E2, scheduled to enter service in 2018, 2020 Qatar Airways announced and 2019, respectively. Embraer then gave details of its fi rst orders, consisting of a total of 350 fi rm a fi rm order for two orders, purchase rights, options and letters of intent from seven customers. Five of the customers additional Boeing were not named but US regional carrier SkyWest has ordered 100 with 100 options and ILFC has 777-300ERs, plus signed a letter of intent for 25 E190 E2s and 25 E195 E2s plus an additional 25 options for each commitments for a further aircraft. seven. The aircraft will be powered by GE90-115B engines.

On Tuesday a deal was signed between the Eurofi ghter consortium and NETMA for the integration of MBDA’s Meteor missile, with fi rst fl ights in 2017. Embraer

36 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 New ‘Super-

MALE’ UAV AgustaWestland Hammerhead announced a series of new orders, including three surfaces AW169s, fi ve AW139s and two AW189s for Lease Corp International, 15 Unveiled at the show was the P.1HH Hammerhead UAV — a joint venture between Piaggio Aero and AW169s, AW139s and Selex ES. The UAV uses a modifi ed Piaggio P.180 turboprop business aircraft as a base, with autonomous AW189s (fi ve of each) for systems and sensors from Selex ES to create what Piaggio term a ‘Super-MALE’ UAV. The Hammerhead, Zenisun Investment Group says the company, is twin-engined, based on already civil certifi cated design, can cruise at 45,000ft and has in China and two AW139s a speed range of between 135kt and 395kt — faster than other MALE UAVs. The demonstrator has already for Brazilian offshore undergone low-speed taxiing trials in Italy and won the support of the Italian Air Force in developing this transportation company concept. OHI Group.

WJ44-4A engines and the cockpit is fi tted with the (including engines) was dropping. In 2020 the US Iron Maiden singer Bruce Honeywell Ace avionics system specially developed Government estimates that a F-35 will cost some Dickinson made a personal for the aircraft. First fl ight is scheduled for the end $85m each or less than half of the 2009 initial appearance at the show of 2014 followed by type certifi cation in early 2017. examples’ cost. Adjusted to today’s dollars the 2020 on Monday to announce price would be $75m each. that his Welsh aircraft Astrium looks to clean-up orbital However, O’Bryan was frank in admitting that maintenance and fl ight debris challenges still persist — especially in the software. training company, Cardiff The F-35 computer software has around 8·6m lines Aviation, has received A presentation from European space company of code (in comparison an F-22 has around 2m). £5m of inward investment Astrium provided an update of several programmes While 88% of the code is now fl ying, the remaining — £1·6m from Welsh that the company is currently engaged on. As well 12% is the most diffi cult part, explained O’Bryan, government run Finance as looking at ways to evolve the technology from as it integrates existing simpler functions and Wales and the remainder the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) programme capabilties together into a whole. from private investors. for future space missions and designing the Ariane 6 successor to the Ariane 5 launcher, Astrium Biofuels get serious ATR received a $2·1bn is also working with the French space agency deal for up to 90 ATR-600 CNES to look at ways to locate and remove Two years ago in Paris saw biofuels go high-profi le turboprops for Danish ‘non-co-operative’ space debris from Earth orbit. with transatlantic demo fl ights from both Boeing and leasing company Nordic Together with Swedish company ECAPS, Astrium Honeywell. Does that mean that interest in aviation Aviation Capital. The order is also developing a new ‘green’ sustainable space alternative fuels has evaporated? Quite the opposite breaks down into 35 fi rm propulsion system. Company CEO Alain Charmeau said stakeholders at a dedicated Alternative Aviation orders, divided into 30 ATR also revealed that the company is still working on Fuels pavilion in the Halls. In fact, they argued that, 72-600s and fi ve ATR the EADS suborbital tourist SpacePlane project with over 1,500 fl ights undertaken, the status of 42-600s and is investing in “necessary technology and alternative fuels for aviation is well past demo fl ight propulsion” while looking for fi nancial partners. and now into productionising the fuels and scaling it up. Paul Steele from ATAG (Air Transport Action F-35 – ‘cautiously optimistic’ at the Group) also notes that alternate fuels are now Diamond-wing tipping point ‘closing the gap’ with regular jet fuel in cost terms - Spacejet making the economic case increasingly solid. Spotted on the outside “We’re not declaring victory just yet”, said Lockheed Big evidence of this is in United Airlines recent displays was an innovative diamond joined-wing ‘personal Martin’s VP Steve O’Bryan of the new “cautiously tie-up with Los Angeles (LAX) airport where the aircraft’ design — the AOK optimistic” (as described by Pentagon procurement airline will begin biofuel fl ights next year from that Spacejet. The 4m wingspan, chief) outlook that infuses the F-35 Joint Strike hub. single-seat Spacejet is billed Fighter project. However, it was clear in a as the most compact twin- engined jet in the world. presentation to the aviation media at Le Bourget 3D spare parts on demand that things were now starting to go in the troubled fi ghter’s direction — the positive news, said O’Bryan, Jeff DeGrange, VP of Direct Digital Manufacturing meant the programme was at ‘a tipping point’. With for US 3D printing specialists Stratasys, showed 65 F-35s now fl ying, fl ight testing is ramping up off a model of a 3D printed tactical UAV airframe. quickly, with 50% of all fl ight tests done in the past One potential application of the new technology, he 12 months. In addition, both the US Government said, is that armed forces could use a 3D printer in and the GAO had confi rmed that concurrency was forward locations to print new components for UAVs fi nally starting to pay off — and the fl yaway cost on demand.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 37 SHOW REPORT Paris Air Show 2013

Getting a grip on green Thåkan Buskhe, CEO of Swedish company Saab, taxiing revealed the company is considering an ‘optionally Honeywell and Safran announced that the two piloted’ version of the companies have completed the fi rst major low- Gripen which could be speed taxiing and manoeuvres phase of their fl own as a manned fi ghter electric green taxiing system (EGTS). During the or as a UCAV. air show, they gave a public demonstration of the system on an Airbus A320. EGTS utilises the Eurocopter has begun aircraft’s auxiliary power unit (APU) to power the work on constructing a main landing gear, enabling an aircraft to perform its own pushbacks and taxiing to the runway without the new manufacturing and need for cargo tugs. The system is claimed to be able to reduce fuel burn per fl ight by up to 4%, as well as

research site at Le Bourget reduce CO2 and NOx emissions and noise at airports. which will consolidate work previously carried out at BAE locks on F-16 upgrades Rockwell Collins focus on helicopter other locations. safety BAE Systems, having been selected by South Bombardier is considering Korea to upgrade its 134 KF-16s, is now targeting Rockwell Collins used the show to launch a new setting up a new European the worldwide Viper operator market. The need for range of products aimed at increasing the safety of maintenance facility for its upgrades is being driven by affordability says BAE, rotary-wing operations by enhancing the situational CSeries regional airliner. with its aim to “fi ll the generation gap” between awareness of pilots. Named HeliSure, the fi rst two No site has yet been a legacy F-16 and a fi fth generation fi ghter by products are Helicopter Synthetic Vision System fi nalised but the company upgrading its mission computers and avionics. BAE, (H-SVS) and Helicopter Terrain Awareness and expects to make a decision of course, is not the original OEM for the F-16 Warning System (H-TAWS) which provide 3D before the end of the year. but says that in the past, its companies have been visualisation of complex airspace. responsible for 40% of the F-16’s avionics. It has Meanwhile, the company’s latest Pro Line Following a technical already upgraded US ANG and is updating Turkish Fusion fl ightdeck now has around 100 systems evaluation of its future F-16s. While around 1,000 F-16s are the most fl ying, according to SVP, International and Service needs, UK low-cost eligible for a fi fth generation avionics makeover, BAE Solutions, Colin Mahoney. The secret of Fusion’s operator easyJet does not discount early A or B models too, which success, says Mahoney, is its ‘open system announced its intention could be given an update ‘better than the MLU’. architecture’ which is highly scalable and equips to order 100 Airbus While BAE awaits the decision on South Korea’s the Bombardier Global 5000, 6000 and Gulfstream 180-seat A320neos and deal to conclude, other F-16 opportunities may arise G280. It also is set to appear on the AW609 tiltrotor 35 A320ceos fi tted with with Singapore and Indonesia. The company also and Embraer’s KC-390 military transport. sharklets. The order is does not rule out other legacy fi ghters being given subject to shareholder this treatment, such as the F/A-18 Hornet. Raytheon to Pentagon — give our approval. JSOW-ER a shot Finmeccanica restructures and Raytheon celebrated the blasts Russian Superjet partners “We’ll be pushing back on this”, said Harry the delivery of the 5,000th Schulte VP Air Weapon Systems, Raytheon, of AIM-9X Sidewinder. At a press conference at troubled Italian group the Pentagon’s decision to skip any procurement The Block II AIM-9X is Finmeccanica, CEO Alessandro Pansa outlined the competition and hand the upcoming LRASM (Long attracting attention on the restructuring steps being undertaken to restore Range Anti-Ship Missile) to Lockheed Martin. export market, not only for the group’s battered reputation, deliver business Briefi ng reporters on the company’s range of guided its air-to-air function but effi ciencies and target international markets. Pansa munitions, Schulte pointed out that Raytheon’s also because its sensitive revealed the group was focusing on governance, extended range, powered variant of the air-launched seeker has a capability to with internal audits and shorter reporting lines. In JSOW glide bomb, should be in contention. lock-on and attack ground conjunction, the group is also working to restore its Raytheon is privately funding the JSOW-ER and targets too. international reputation, reaffi rming the brand and argues that its solution would be a third or fourth of its global presence. Rationalisation is also a key goal the cost of LM’s LRASM, which is being developed of the restructuring to boost business effi ciency. from the JASSM-ER. However, Pansa had harsh words too for Russian partners of the Sukhoi Superjet — and Public perceptions of civil UAS called for a thorough restructuring of that project. It had been a “very diffi cult and very expensive” Can the aerospace industry and stakeholders work partnership, he said, and was “signifi cantly together to counter negative perceptions of UAVs unsatisfactory.” (or drones) and unlock a huge civil market? US Bell Helicopters

38 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 industry group Aerospace Industries Association construction and operation of a fl eet of 24 helium- (AIA) believes so. It had commissioned a landmark fi lled rigid airships fi tted with 67×12·1×9·1m study by the Christian Science Monitor to poll the internal cargo compartments which would be public about their attitudes to civil uses of UAS. As deployed around the world to carry oversize or heavy Careers plane might be expected, there were obvious concerns, cargoes, including multiple ISO freight containers, inspires with privacy being number one (60%), followed by point-to-point to remote areas of land, or on sea for safety number two (57%). mining, power and energy companies. The airships One eye-catching exhibit at the show was The Careers However, there were surprises — in particular would be fi tted with a control of static heaviness Plane. Constructed in the that, despite the poll being carried out at the height (COSH) system which would enable the airships to shape of an aircraft fuselage of the NSA surveillance scandal in mid-June, change altitude without the need for venting gas or and wings, the exhibit 54% supported or strongly supported increased jettisoning ballast. The airships would be operated consisted of a series of non-military uses of UAS, if their concerns were by a single pilot who would also act as load master workstations manned by employees from different addressed. Those outside the US, interestingly, and also would require no ground infrastructure. sectors of the aerospace were even more supportive of non-military UAS industry who explained their applications. UAC’s military/civil balance shifting jobs and demonstrated their skills to visitors. The aim of the Careers Plane was ‘Biggest small aerospace company’ In a press conference for United Aircraft to encourage more young Corporation (UAC), President Mikhail Pogosyan people to consider careers in Growing at 25-35%, the UK’s Midlands-based announced that the Russian conglomerate currently aerospace. Sigma Components which supplies precision had €25bn worth of orders for over 740 aircraft, engineered components to the industry, is aiming to one third of which were for civil designs. UAC is be the ‘biggest and best small aerospace’ company, investing in new composite aircraft production VistaJet increased its total according to MD Mark Johnson. Established in facilities at its Sukhoi Superjet 100 and MC-21 orders for Bombardier 2004, the company has tapped into a niche by aircraft programmes in plants in Ulyanovsk and business jets with an order providing high-quality components at the lower Kazan. The fi rst of an order for 20 Superjet 100s for 20 Challenger 350s tiers of the supply chain, close to the OEM’s new has been delivered to Mexican carrier Interjet. plus 20 options. facilities in emerging markets. Johnson explained that Sigma started off by asking “how do we make Countdown to MRJ fi rst fl ight EADS and Rolls-Royce parts cheaper in China”, but has evolved to “how do revealed details of we develop on a regional basis, where most of the Company President Teruaki Kawai, together E-Thrust, a new hybrid OEMs are wanting you to make locally”. Next on the with Marketing Director Yugo Fukuhara gave an power system to reduce company’s plans is an acquisition of a US factory. update on how the Mitsubishi Regional Jet (MRJ) CO2 emissions by powering programme is progressing. The fi rst test aircraft aircraft with six electrically- Is lighter-than-air back? is now under construction and is expected to fl y driven fans mounted on before the end of the year. A further six aircraft (four the wing powered by a gas Among the exhibitors at the show was Aeroscraft, fl ight test and two static test) aircraft are then to turbine. a US company with an ambitious vision to be built with the fi rst delivery of the MRJ scheduled revolutionise the role of the cargo airship. The for 2015. Mitsubishi currently has 165 orders for Aircraft lessor ILFC company is the brainchild of company President the MRJ plus 160 options from ANA, Skywest and signed a fi rm contract and CEO Igor Pasternak who is planning the Trans States Holdings. for 50 additional Airbus A320neos.

Thales new RBE2 AESA In perhaps the best radar is set for delivery to kept surprise news the fi rst front-line French at Le Bourget, Bell AF Rafale squadrons. Helicopters revealed it is to develop a Enstrom Helicopters is successor to its set to develop a new two- iconic JetRanger seat piston single-engine single-engine turbine helicopter for the training helicopter. The new market. Bell reveals (as yet not properly single-engine named) civil fi ve-seat Boeing announced that short light single (SLS) the entry into service (EIS) JetRanger engine helicopter date for the 737 MAX is successor will be powered by a to be brought forward by Turbomeca Arrius 2 three months from Q4 in engine. 2017 to Q3.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 39 SHOW REPORT Paris Air Show 2013 Paris — total aircraft orders

$68·7bn orders & commitments for 466 Airbus aircraft

$66bn fi rm and provisional orders for 442 Boeing aircraft

A380 A350 A320 787 orders A330 777 737 747 orders

A320neo 737MAX

EasyJet 35 A320(1) Oman Air 5 737-900ER(1) Lufthansa 30 A320 Ryanair 175 737-800(1) (fi rming-up of order placed in March) Unidentifi ed 20 737(2) Spirit 20 A321 CIT Aerospace 30 737 MAX8(1) (also converted 10 A320s to A321s) Travel Service 3 737 MAX8(2) (1) EasyJet 100 A320neo TUI Travel 60 737 MAX(2) (3) HKAC 40 A320neo Skymark Airlines 4 737 MAX(2) (3) HKAC 20 A321neo Unidentifi ed 20 737 MAX(1) (1) ILFC 50 A320neo Korean Air 5 747-8(2) Lufthansa 35 A320neo Korean Air 6 777-300ER(2) Lufthansa 35 A321neo (1) (fi rming-up of order placed in March) Qatar Airways 2 777-300ER Qatar Airways 7 777-300ER(2) Syphax Airlines 3 A320neo(3) Air Lease Corp 3 787-9(2) Sri Lankan 6 A330-300(2) GECAS 10 787-10(2) Air France-KLM 25 A350-900(1) Air Lease Corp 30 787-10(2) Singapore Airlines 30 A350-900 (2) (plus 20 options convertible to A350-1000s) IAG/British Airways 12 787-10 (1) Sri Lankan 4 A350-900(2) Singapore Airlines 30 787-10 United Airlines 10 A350-1000 (also upgraded its previous order for 25 A350-900s to larger A350-1000s) Doric Lease Corp 20 A380(3)

orders orders Nordic Aviation Capital 5 42-600

(1) Nordic Aviation Capital 30 72-600 Skywest 100 175-E2s (plus 55 options) (plus 100 options) HGI Aircraft Division/Passaredo 10 72-600 ILFC 25 E190-E2s (plus 10 options) ILFC 25 E195-E2s (plus options for 25 E190-E2s and 25 E195-E2s) Air Lease Corporation 5 72-600 LIAT 2 42-600 Five undisclosed 65 EJet-2s Undisclosed 25 72-600 (plus 25 options) Undisclosed 5 72-600 1. Firm order 2. Commitment 3. MoU

40 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Afterburner www.aerosociety.com

Diary 16-17 September Unmanned Aviation: Challenges for Growth RAeS Unmanned Air Systems Group Conference

NASA’s Ikhana unmanned science demonstration aircraft, a civil variant of General Atomics’ Predator B, lifts off from Grey Butte airfi eld in California. NASA.

42 Message from RAeS 44 Book Reviews 54 Corporate Partners - President Les Avions Tipsy Airplanes, British Private Aircraft Three new members join the Society’s Corporate and The Piston Engine Revolution. Partner Scheme. It was a great privilege for me to present the Churchill Medal to Capt Pip Lines of REME 55 NATS Swanwick — awarded for outstanding achievements in 47 Library Additions Boscombe Down Branch visit. engineering and technical advancement in support Books submitted to the National Aerospace Library. of military operations. 48 Obituaries 56 Elections New Society members elected in the past month. - Chief Executive Professor John Stollery and Bill Gunston. The Society organised two international events in June demonstrating its standing on a global platform. 52 Diary Find out when and where around the world the latest aeronautical and aerospace lectures and events are happening.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 41 Afterburner Message from RAeS OUR PRESIDENT

Jenny Body Last night I attended the annual Professional Council meeting we will be discussing technology, Engineering Institutions (PEI) Defence Lecture this knowledge and learned output. year hosted by the Society and given by Cdre R That evening, ACM Sir Stephen Dalton RAF, Thompson OBE CEng MRAeS and Gp Capt Willy gave the Sir Sydney Camm Lecture with specifi c Hackett MBE on ‘Lightning II — A next generation reference to Remotely Piloted Air Systems (RPAS) capability’. We welcomed Philip Dunne MP, Minister reminding us that defence remains a human for Defence Equipment, Support and Technology, endeavour with people, pilots and engineers, representatives of all the armed forces and the at its heart. We must embrace and control new main PEIs together with Society members to No.4 technology and tackle the legal and ethical issues Hamilton Place. It brought home to me just what a (see The 21st Century Character of Air Power, p 12). fantastic resource we have for lectures, meetings, Finally I was delighted to attend the Paris Air debates and networking. It was also a great privilege Show, albeit briefl y, and despite attempts by the for me to present the Churchill Medal to Capt train systems and weather to sabotage my journey. Pip Lines of REME — awarded for outstanding I was thrilled to see the A400M in French Air Force achievements in engineering and technical colours fl ypast and the British Airways A380 make advancement in support of military operations. a stunning display. I met with the President and My fi rst Council meeting took place on 10 June. other offi cers of 3AF, the Association Aeronautique As Trustee business is now being handled by the Astronautique de France. Having reviewed the Board of Trustees, we were able to have a healthy results of our 2012 membership survey they debate on the membership offering and what it were very impressed by our Branch activities. We means to different groups. This will contribute to the discussed opportunities for collaboration on future Strategy Review 2013-2017. During September’s conferences and publications.

RAeS GOLF DAY

Left: Fred Cahill of Cobham Antenna Systems wins the at the InterContinental London Park Lane. Other Singles Stableford Trophy. Another sunny winners were: Singles Stableford 2nd Prize, Michael Middle: Cobham Antenna Tyrrell, Vector Aerospace; 3rd Prize, Ken Doig, Systems win the Texas day for RAeS Vector Aerospace; Longest Drive, Craig Harrison, Scramble. Right: James Sturman of TAG Creative Benefi ts; and Nearest the Pin, James Farnborough Engineering Golfers Sturman, TAG Farnborough Engineering. The wins the Nearest the Pin. Cobham Antenna Systems team were the clear Players on the Royal Aeronautical Society Golf Day winners of the afternoon Texas Scramble competi- enjoyed perfect weather conditions for 27 holes tion, and the FlightSafety International team came of challenging golf at Frilford Heath Golf Club in second. Oxfordshire. It was a successful event with players The Society would like to thank the InterConti- from companies representing a variety of sectors nental London Park Lane, Dish and Frilford Heath within the aerospace community. Golf Club for their generosity in providing prizes for The Singles Stableford competition was won by this event and FlightSafety International for kindly Fred Cahill from Cobham Antenna Systems, who providing top quality golf balls and tees, as well as received the trophy and an overnight stay for two other golfi ng merchandise.

42 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Simon C Luxmoore  The Society organised two international events President since the Society’s foundation in in June demonstrating its standing on a global 1866, she is also an inspirational role model to platform; partnering with IATA on the Improv- many women as demonstrated by the resound- ing Training Provision Conference and hosting ing welcome from delegates at the 2012 the International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Women in Aviation and Aerospace Conference. Structural Dynamics (IFASD) in Bristol, which  We enjoyed a fi ve-year Review Visit from our was a huge success attracting almost 300 colleagues at the Engineering Council. It was a international delegates. Our international very positive visit by all accounts and our thanks activity continued with the Society hosting for this go to the efforts of both Lynn Beattie the June meeting of the Council of European and her team and the volunteers from the Aerospace Societies (CEAS) and we now look Professional Standards Committees. We look to September and the forthcoming CEAS forward to the formal outcome in due course. Conference in Sweden.  Further to my report last month on the formal  Over 20 new organisations have joined the launch event of the industry-government Corporate Partner scheme in the fi rst half of backed Aerospace MSc Bursary Scheme, I’m the year, with particular growth in the MRO pleased to note Aerospace Growth Partnership sector. Other leading organisations to join (AGP) Board endorsement — including that include Singapore Airlines and MOOG, while of the Government — on the progress we are QinetiQ signed a fi ve-year commitment to its making with the Royal Academy of Engineer- on-going Corporate Partner membership. ing in managing this important initiative, with  Atlantic AirVenture in Shannon, County Clare, the target of 100 bursaries offered for the next recently hosted an RAeS Cool Aeronautics day academic year predicted to be met. and then, on 19 June, followed this up by host- Continuing on the theme of the work of the ing an RAeS lecture evening. It is hoped that AGP, the Society has also been instrumental in the lecture evening will be the fi rst of many and the formation of a new AGP People and Skills act as a pre-cursor to eventual Branch forma- Engagement Board which will provide oversight tion in the Shannon area. and leadership for the skills issues in the sector  The event in Shannon is another example and will be complemented by a new Education of Cool Aeronautics going from strength to and Skills Committee which met for the fi rst strength. RAeS Foundation money has enabled time on 7 June and reports to the Professional this aerospace day to reach over 800 children Standards Board. between the ages of 7-11 and their teachers  Initial indications seem to suggest that the roll- from 30 schools in the fi rst six months of 2013 out of our new Journal editorial system, Aries, alone. The events are taking place up and down launched in June, is going well. the country and locations have also included  Visitors to the National Aerospace Library will Swansea and Heathrow as well as Hamilton now see a selection of our Society posters, OVER 20 NEW Place. The planned programme for autumn and as canvass boxes, now adorning the corridor ORGANISATIONS winter will see events taking place in locations walls and members are reminded that these HAVE JOINED including Prestwick, Pontefract, Coventry and are available at the Mary Evans Picture Library Tyneside with the target of reaching over 1,000 (search in Galleries at www.prints-online.com). THE CORPORATE children being well in sight.  The Society has continued to enjoy increasing PARTNER  Jenny Body OBE FRAeS, President of the media coverage, with good exposure, particu- SCHEME IN THE Royal Aeronautical Society, has been awarded larly throughout the Paris Air Show, where CNN the Lifetime Achievement award at the 2013 included Society tweets on their own media FIRST HALF OF Women 1st Shine Awards. The awards recog- channel. THE YEAR, WITH nise outstanding female success and diversity  We hosted the 2013 PEI (Professional PARTICULAR achievement in the hospitality, passenger Engineering Institution) Defence Lecture on 3 GROWTH IN THE transport, travel and tourism industries. The July where Commodore Rick Thompson OBE committee assessing the nominations recog- CEng MRAeS gave a talk on the Lightning II MRO SECTOR nised that not only is Jenny the fi rst female Project Team.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 43 Afterburner Book Reviews LES AVIONS TIPSY AIRPLANES By V Jacobs

Published by Fonds National Alfred Renard, c/o Didier Campion, 97/1 Rue Royale, 1000 Brussels, Belgium (E campion@cfi group.be). 2011. 256pp. Illustrated. €35 plus postage/packing.

Ernest-Oscar Tips was born in October 1893 and, by the age of 14, was already helping his elder brother Maurice in the construction of a biplane glider made of bamboo and canvas. So started the aviation career of a man who, until his retirement in 1960, came to be admired and respected as one of the most fertile designers of light aircraft to come out of Belgium. This nicely produced book follows his career and charts the development of all his designs. The book describes how E O Tips left Belgium in 1915 and became one of the earliest employees Above: Tipsy T66 Nipper Mk2, OO-LEO. Geoff Collins. of Fairey Aviation. He was closely involved with Below: Tipsy T66 Nipper Mk1, OO-NIF. RAeS (NAL). many Fairey designs and, when, in 1928, the Belgian military decided to order 25 Fairey Firefl y II aircraft on the condition that they were manu- factured in Belgium, Tips was the obvious man be read, albeit with the use of a magnifying glass. For the seven to establish ‘Avions Fairey’ at Gosselies, north of These drawings, combined with details of weight major designs Charleroi. This new company fl ourished and became breakdown and aircraft performance, make this described, a mainstay of the Belgian aircraft industry. By 1935 book a useful source for all aspirant light aircraft Tips was designing his own aircraft for the civil designers. the author market, which were manufactured by Avions Fairey The book has the original French text pre- ably discusses in parallel with its own military models. sented in parallel with an English translation which, each from both The main part of the book is an in-depth look at although quite adequate, is by no means perfect; all E O Tips’ light aircraft designs culminating in the where the translator has been uncertain of the operational Junior, the Belfair and the Nipper which is undoubt- correct English word for some of the more tech- and technical edly the best known of all. For the seven major nical terms, he has left the original French word viewpoints designs described, the author ably discusses each by default. Having the text essentially presented from both operational and technical viewpoints. He twice has naturally limited the amount of detail the covers the performance of each type in some detail author has been able to include; he offers tantalis- and gives a history of each aircraft produced as ing glimpses when he discusses the differences in far as is known. It is the wealth of technical detail opinion between the Belgian and English fl ight test presented that will probably appeal most to students authorities but does not then follow through with of light aircraft design. Copies of many original any analysis of why these occurred. drawings are presented, the reproduction of which These small points notwithstanding, this book is good enough that all the dimensions and text can would be well worth reading and keeping for refer- ence for anyone with an interest in Tipsy aircraft in particular or in light aircraft design in general. Uni- Did you know? versity libraries could do much worse than acquire a copy for the benefi t of their aerospace engineering students. ‘Artist’ (Gerald Leake), ‘Bank Note Engraver’ (Thomas Macdonald), ‘Brewer’ (William Goff Davis Goff), ‘Com- mander Royal Navy’ (Robert Falcon Scott — ‘Scott of the Dr Alex Ellin Antarctic’), ‘Dramatist’ (Samuel Franklin Cody), ‘Experimen- CEng MRAeS talist’ (Patrick Y Alexander), ‘Farmer’ (Frederick William Bishop), ‘Headmaster’ (Charles Arundel Verity), ‘Master Kingston University School of Aerospace and Tailor’ (Samuel Dalziel), ‘Peer’ (Lord Montagu of Beaulieu) Aircraft Engineering and ‘Tinplater’ (Samuel Cattle) are some of the diverse professions recorded on the original application forms of early members of the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain held in the archives of the National Aerospace Library at Farnborough.

44 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 BRITISH PRIVATE AIRCRAFT

Vol 1 — The Re-awakening Years 1946-1970 By A W J G Ord-Hume

Mushroom Model Publications, 3 Gloucester Close, Petersfi eld, Hants GU32 3AX, UK (www.mmpbooks. biz). 2012. 318pp. Illustrated. £60. ISBN 978-83- 61421-46-7. Arthur Ord-Hume was fascinated by light aircraft from childhood. He became highly active in this fi eld, acquiring and restoring a pre-war Luton Minor, helping to found the Ultra Light Aircraft Association (ULAA), then Popular Flying Association (PFA), challenging the onerous regulations following the war years and in redesigning both the Luton Minor and the French Minicab to provide plans for home builders. He also worked professionally as Above: Beagle B206 Series 1, G-ASOF. RAeS (NAL). a designer, notably for Britten-Norman where he Below: Miles M65 Gemini, G-AJKS. RAeS (NAL). was active on the development of crop-spraying and dusting equipment. Inheriting extensive family collections of material on musical instruments and on the earlier years of light and civil aviation, he developed both of these and established them as Ord-Hume is criticises the disdain with which the British treat important historical archives. He has used them as a outspoken in their inventors and is in no way surprised at the basis for numerous publications his views and resulting brain drain. The creation of Beagle and its This book then covers a subject close to his not afraid to subsequent demise are described in some detail, heart, during a period when he was both an active including a review of the perceived mistakes made participant as well as a keen observer. It is a large attribute blame in this last-ditch attempt to compete head on with book, profusely illustrated with many excellent where he feels the dominant American industry. black and white photographs. Ord-Hume’s historical it lies Ord-Hume is outspoken in his views and not account is a very personal interpretation, a point afraid to attribute blame where he feels it lies. that he freely acknowledges in the preface. With His humour can be quite dry and caustic. But he his easy writing style it makes for a fascinating has also clearly gone to much trouble to try to record of the trials and tribulations experienced by represent both sides of each story. The result is many in the years following WW2, either in trying a very human tale of hopes and dreams and of to create or recreate their businesses or more frequent disappointments. From his experience he simply getting their homemade aircraft designs is not inclined to be too optimistic about a recovery into the air. Diffi culties included the dire economic to another golden age of British light aircraft, but conditions with shortages and rationing, government he does hail the demonstrated response to change preoccupation with growing air transport and exemplifi ed by the homebuilt movement, which indifference towards light aircraft and the changed he feels supersedes the need for a light aircraft social attitudes towards fl ying after the experiences manufacturing industry in this country. of war. This is a very comprehensive book, thoroughly The anticipated return to normality and the indexed. It is easy to dip into, having lengthy pre-war status quo provided the initial suite of captions to the many illustrations, but it is also disappointments, such as there being no provision thorough in looking at the subject from different for restoring Permits to Fly, the selling back of angles. This is a very welcome and valuable addition fl ying fi elds sequestered from the fl ying clubs at to published British aviation history. It will be an the outbreak of war and the ‘unbelievable’ waste of essential reference book for any future students of ex-military equipment. Creation of the British Gliding the subject. Highly recommended. Association, the ULAA and the PFA, are described Publication of the second volume of this followed later by the sometimes low expectations history, which promises extra technical material and of a whole generation that had grown up in a time numerous drawings, is imminent. of restriction. Comparisons are made with the American light aircraft industry which had come out John M Robertson of the war much stronger. Ord-Hume particularly CEng MIMechE MRAeS

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 45 Afterburner Book Reviews THE PISTON ENGINE REVOLOLUUTIONTION

Papers from a Conference on the History of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines held at the Museum of Science and Industry, Manchester, 14-17 April 2011 Edited by F Starr et al

Newcomen: the International Society for the History of Science and Technology, The Science Museum, London SW7 2DD, UK (E booksales@newcomen. com). 548pp. Illustrated. £35 inclusive of postage/ packing. ISBN 978-0-904685-15-2.

A comprehensive volume from the Newcomen Society in contemplation of the latter history of the internal combustion engine, this both for contempo- of the Wright brothers, and then through WW1 rary readership and for the record of posterity. The including the Rotary engine phase. Patrick Hassell This volume Society is positively recognised as of international then covers the sleeve valve engines through from consciously standing in the history of engineering and technol- the single sleeve confi guration of Burt and the then adds content to ogy, with a breadth of coverage belying the assump- persistence of Sir Roy Fedden. P Whiteman also tions of its celebrated title. gives good account of the post-war Fedden activity prior scholarship This volume consciously adds content to prior with the little-reported fl at six engine endeavour. and holdings scholarship and holdings concerning the history of Alan Vessey maintains his dedication to the concerning power, and it is thus more than a record for those Napier saga and its engines inclusive of Sabre and attending the seminar, or regretting their inability to Deltic, etc., in a perspective from the fi rm’s early the history of do so. days. Chapters by D Morrison and C C J French power... The Society, from its inception in the 1920s, has cover work by Ricardo recognised as an ongoing stood alongside the British engineering institu- infl uence on aircraft engine affairs. B Price covers tions in buttressing their own papers and publica- aero engines in war from 1915 to 1950, and Above: The Bristol Hercules tions on historical development and thus ensures a M W Vincent is specifi c per the role of Blackburne engine installation on a broadened depth in the fi eld. It is regrettable that, in engines. Daniel Schaad takes a refreshing view of Vickers Varsity at the 1950 recent years, modern design has not been pre- engines from the fi rst 50 years of powered fl ight, his SBAC show at Farnborough. RAeS (NAL). sented in the traditional manner by its creators and perspective being that from Santos Dumont 14bis Below: Lesseps monoplane masters. Consider the prime succeeding modern of 1906 to the Lockheed L-1649 Starliner of 1956. fi tted with an Anzani engine. development in motor car engines, and motor sport. Most pleasing! E L Marshall reverts to Ricardo RAeS (NAL). Marketers and journalists have displaced the place recognised territory on the criticality of octane of the engineers, partially as consequent on sensitiv- number tests in fuel development. ity in immediacy of trade information. But this to the Two other contrasting chapters add value in loss of integrity in the overall record. reference. F Starr of the Newcomen Society consid- Stepping back in perspective, the history of the ers in depth the critical role of exhaust valve cooling internal combustion engine pre-dates that of the for high performance. Graham White describes steam engine which overtook it in 1876 and, in the in some depth the remarkable R-4360 four-bank 1880s, the internal combustion sequence initiated radial Pratt & Whitney engine, entering service post- by use of town gas was succeeded, with liquid fuels war in both military and commercial service, their allowing mobility and the subsequent development ultimate in proven development of the aircraft piston of aviation. The present volume, with its excellent engine as prior to the succession of jet propulsion. introduction, supplements the record and covers This latter in good happenstance with the account example through 20 chapters, of which eight are of the Wright turbo compound in Daniel Schaad’s of particular reference to the aircraft engine, this paper. signalling its importance in the overall subject study An excellent book for the reference library of and in the specifi c interest to be satisfi ed in aero- the in-depth enthusiast. nautical readership. Graham Mottram covers work of the early Peter Stokes pioneers inclusive of Manly with Langley, and that CEng MRAeS

46 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Library Additions BOOKS

GENERAL 333. International Civil Aviation GL5 2QG, UK. 2013. 200pp. 290500-5. University Street, Montreal, Organization, 999 University Illustrated. £14.99. ISBN 978- A biography of one of the Quebec, Canada, H3C 5H7. IHS Jane’s All the World’s Street, Montreal, Quebec, 0-7524-8989-6. leading airmen of the 1920 2013. Irregular pagination. Aircraft: Development & Canada, H3C 5H7. 2013. and 1930s, who was to serve Production 2013-2014. 152pp. Illustrated. ISBN 978- Ocean Sentinel: the Short in both World Wars, having PILOTING Edited by P Jackson et al. 92-9249-187-1. Sunderland. J F Hamlin et originally learned to fl y in 1913 IHS Global Limited, Sentinel al. Air-Britain (Historians), and soon becoming a notable Airmanship. C Edwards. House, 163 Brighton Road, Manual on Access to Air 41 Penshurst Road, Leigh, fi gure in the pioneering days of Blacker Limited. 2013. Coulsdon, Surrey CR5 2YH, Transport by Persons Tonbridge, Kent TN11 8HL, British aviation. Distributed by The Aviation UK. 2013. 1030pp. Illustrated. with Disabilities. ICAO UK. 2012. 224pp. Illustrated. Bookshop (www.aviation- £705. ISBN 978-0-7106- Doc 9984 — First edition. £39.95. ISBN 978-0-85130- Financial history and bookshop.com). 173pp. 3040-7. International Civil Aviation 400-7. contract evolution of Illustrated. £19. ISBN 978-1- Organization, 999 University the Hawker Hurricane 897739-66-2. AIR LAW Street, Montreal, Quebec, and Bristol Blenheim Canada, H3C 5H7. 2013. (‘Confi dential’). Air Ministry. PROPULSION Assembly 37th Session — Irregular pagination. 1940. 17pp. Plenary Meetings Minutes: Detailed analysis of the Company brochures for Montreal, 28 September Airport Economics unit cost breakdown (raw the Jumo 205/210/211 - 8 October 2010. ICAO Manual. ICAO Doc 9562 materials, labour and by engines (three items). Doc 9982. International Civil — Third edition. International section of the airframe) for Junkers Flugzeug und Aviation Organization, 999 Civil Aviation Organization, 999 each aircraft type including a Motorenwerke, Dessau. University Street, Montreal, University Street, Montreal, chronology of the fi nancial/ c.1936-1937. Quebec, Canada, H3C 5H7. Quebec, Canada, H3C 5H7. contract arrangements made Includes performance 2013. 53pp. 2013. Irregular pagination. with the manufacturers. charts for each engine type and detailed arrangement AIR TRANSPORT Designators for Aircraft Comparative Performance diagrams of the Jumo 210. Operating Agencies, Charts (including bomb Aeronautical Authorities load/range) for Handley SERVICE AVIATION and Services. ICAO Doc Page Halifax I (Merlin X)/ 8585/164 — 164th edition. German Air Projects 1935- Halifax II (Merlin XX), Air and Sea Power in International Civil Aviation 1945 Vol 4: Attack, multi- Short Stirling (Hercules World War I: Combat and Organization, 999 University purpose and other aircraft. XI) and Avro Lancaster/ Experience in the Royal Street, Montreal, Quebec, M Rys. Published by Stratus, Manchester. R N Liptrot. Flying Corps and the Royal Canada, H3C 5H7. 2013. Poland, on behalf of Mushroom 1941. 11pp. Navy. M Philpott. I B Tauris & Irregular pagination. Model Publications, 3 Co Ltd, 6 Salem Road, London Gloucester Close, Petersfi eld, LIGHTER-THAN-AIR W2 4BU, UK. 2013. 288pp. Aircraft Type Designators. Hants GU32 3AX, UK (www. £59.50. ISBN 978-1-78076- ICAO Doc 8643/41 — 41st mmpbooks.biz). 2013. 112pp. 151-0. edition. International Civil Illustrated. £13.99. ISBN 978- Aviation Organization, 999 83-89450-31-9. The Lightning Boys 2: University Street, Montreal, Arranged alphabetically by True Tales from Pilots and Quebec, Canada, H3C 5H7. manufacturer, an informative Engineers of the RAF’s 2013. Irregular pagination. compilation summarising Iconic Supersonic Fighter. numerous projected (largely R Pike. Grub Street, 4 Rainham HISTORICAL unbuilt) aircraft and missile Close, London SW11 6SS, UK. Airwork: a History. project designs concluding 2013. 186pp. Illustrated. £20. K McCloskey. The History with a number of colour artist ISBN 978-1-909166-13-4. Press, The Mill, Brimscombe impressions of how they would Complementing the Port, Stroud, Gloucestershire have appeared. earlier book The Lightning GL5 2QG, UK. 2012. 272pp. Boys (2011), a further Illustrated. £17.99. ISBN 978- Churchill and his Airmen: compilation of over 20 informal 0-7524-7972-9. Relationships, Intrigue reminiscences of fl ying the and Policy Making 1914- famous military jet aircraft Finished with Engines: the 1945. V Orange. Grub Street, recounted by former Lightning Story of Qantas’ Longhaul 4 Rainham Close, London pilots. Flight Engineers 1941- SW11 6SS, UK. 2013. 314pp. Falling Upwards: How We 2009. C Lock. Published by the Illustrated. £25. ISBN 978-19- Took to the Air. R Holmes. SPACE author, Cronulla, NSW 2013. 0811736-6. William Collins, HarperCollins 347pp. Illustrated. ISBN 978- Publishers, 77-85 Fulham Blue Streak Technical 0-646581-56-9. Lockheed P-38J-L Palace Road, London W6 8JB, Data. Hawker Siddeley A detailed account of Lightning. R Peczkowski. UK. 2013. 404pp. Illustrated. Dynamics Ltd — Space the important role that fl ight Published by Stratus, Poland, £25. ISBN 978-0-00- Division, Stevenage. 1969. engineers played in the on behalf of Mushroom Model 738692-5. 100pp. Illustrated. evolution and development of Miles Aircraft — The Publications, 3 Gloucester A handbook of data the air operations of Qantas Wartime Years: Close, Petersfi eld, Hants NAVIGATION describing the F11 vehicle over the years, concluding with Production, Research and GU32 3AX, UK (www. designed as the fi rst stage a compilation of biographical Development during World mmpbooks.biz). 2013. 128pp. Performance-based of the ELDO Europa II multi- career summaries of those War II. P Amos. Air-Britain Illustrated. ISBN 978-83- Navigation (PBN) Manual. stage satellite launch vehicle. who served in the role. (Historians), 41 Penshurst 61421-69-6. ICAO Doc 9613 — Fourth Road, Leigh, Tonbridge, Kent Numerous contemporary edition. International Civil Speedbird: the Complete TN11 8HL, UK. 2012. 432pp. photographs and colour Aviation Organization, 999 For further information History of BOAC. R Higham. + diskette. Illustrated. £47.50. diagrams of the famous University Street, Montreal, contact the National I B Tauris & Co Ltd, 6 Salem ISBN 978-0-85130-430-4. twin-boom fi ghter aircraft are Quebec, Canada, H3C 5H7. Road, London W2 4BU, UK. reproduced in this book aimed 2013. Irregular pagination. Aerospace Library. 2013. 492pp. £30. ISBN 978- Flying with the Larks: the at aeromodellers. T +44 (0)1252 1-78076-462-7. Early Aviation Pioneers Global Navigation Satellite of Lark Hill. T C Brown. Flying Rebel: the Story System (GNSS) Manual. 701038 or 701060 Global Air Transport Spellmount, The History of Louis Strange. P Hearn. ICAO Doc 9849 — Second E hublibrary@aeroso- Outlook to 2030 and Press, The Mill, Brimscombe HMSO, London. 1994. 183pp. edition. International Civil ciety.com trends to 2040. ICAO Circ Port, Stroud, Gloucestershire Illustrated. ISBN 0-11- Aviation Organization, 999

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 47 Afterburner Obituaries Professor John Leslie Stollery CBE FREng HonFRAeS FCGI FAIAA 1930-2013

A distinguished engineer who contributed to the understanding of high-speed fl ight, who inspired three generations of students to follow aerospace-based careers and who served as a reforming President of the Society, John Stollery, the son of Edgar and Emma Stollery, was born in Sible Hedingham, Essex, on 21 April 1930.

He attended East Barnet Grammar School in North London from 1941 to 1948. Like so many others of his generation, he built model aeroplanes and, in a sign of what was to come, he was President of the Cockfosters Model Aero Club. After passing his School Certifi cate examinations, he looked for a job with the Aeromodeller magazine, taking a Wakefi eld class rubber powered model aircraft with him to an interview at Eaton Bray. However, he so A DISTINGUISHED space fl ight. It was clear that, as fl ight speeds impressed the editor that, rather than offer him a ENGINEER WHO increased, new problems would be encountered job, he urged him to return to school, sit the Higher and new engineering solutions would be needed; School Certifi cate and apply for a place at university CONTRIBUTED not least of these being the management of the to study aeronautical engineering. TO THE extremely high thermal loads associated with Taking this advice, he duly gained a place UNDERSTANDING atmospheric re-entry. At this time, experimentation at Imperial College, London, in the prestigious was the only reliable tool, but these problems Department of Aeronautics led by Arnold (later Sir OF HIGH-SPEED required the invention of new test facilities and Arnold) Hall. His studies resulted in a BSc (Eng) in FLIGHT, WHO John Stollery was a pioneer in the development and 1951, followed by an MSc (Eng). In 1952, he moved use of the ‘gun tunnel’. This device uses a reservoir into the aircraft industry, joining the Aerodynamics INSPIRED THREE of high pressure air to drive a piston down a long Department at de Havilland. This was an exciting GENERATIONS narrow tube while compressing a fi xed volume and challenging time for the company, since their OF STUDENTS of gas ahead of it. This driven gas passes into a Comet airliner entered service in the same year. contoured test chamber containing the ‘model’ and However, notwithstanding this and while he was TO FOLLOW measuring equipment. His Number 2 gun tunnel undoubtedly gaining valuable practical experience AEROSPACE- could deliver a gas slug with a speed of about 3km/ with de Havilland, he nonetheless found himself BASED CAREERS sec corresponding to a Mach number of nine for being drawn back to academia. about ten milliseconds. Making measurements in 1956 was an important year in his life for AND WHO this environment was very challenging and was at two reasons. The fi rst was his marriage to Jane SERVED AS A the limits of high frequency data capture and high Reynolds and the second was his appointment as REFORMING speed photography. This facility enabled John and Lecturer in Aerodynamics in the Department of his students to make important contributions to the Aeronautics at Imperial College. PRESIDENT OF understanding of high energy fl ows. He proved to be an outstanding teacher THE SOCIETY... In recognition of this work, he was promoted to and an exceptional researcher. His forte was Reader in Aerodynamics in 1962. His increasing experimentation, which he saw as a means of reputation produced a number of invitations to work exploring the physical world. He worked with Donald with other groups, most notably Cornell Aeronautical Campbell’s design team on both the Bluebird car Laboratories in Buffalo (1964) and the US Air Force and boat. This included the installation of a novel, Aeronautical Research Laboratories in Dayton moving fl oor in one of the department’s wind tunnels (1971). Further recognition of the quality of his work to correctly reproduce the fl ow around vehicles came in 1972 with the award of a DSc degree. with very small ground clearance. More signifi cantly, In 1973, he was offered the Chair of throughout the 1950s and 60s, there was an Aerodynamics at the College of Aeronautics, international race to produce ever faster aircraft Cranfi eld Institute of Technology. This was a great and to solve the problems associated with manned opportunity but a big step for the family. However,

48 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 the only diffi cult issue he faced was raised by his sons, who wanted to know how they could possibly continue to support Chelsea when living in Bedford. This move was a great success; not only for him, but also for the College of Aeronautics. In 1976, he succeeded Professor David Keith-Lucas as Head of the College; a position that he held with distinction until 1986 and again from 1992 until 1995. He was also Dean of the Faculty of Engineering from 1976 to 1979 and Pro-Vice Chancellor from 1982 to 1985. Notwithstanding his administrative duties, he maintained his international links through visits to the National Aeronautical Laboratory, Bangalore, India (1977), Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (1979) and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (1983). Outside Cranfi eld, he served as Chairman of the Defence Technology Board at the UK Ministry of Defence from 1986 to 1989, Chairman of the John Stollery had the ability to inspire and he Opposite page: John Stollery Aviation Committee at the Department for Trade and could get the best from students and employees at the time of his Society Industry from 1986 until 1994 and as a member of alike. He did not suffer fools gladly, he always Presidency, 1987-1988. RAeS (NAL). the Airworthiness Requirements Board at the Civil spoke his mind and he could be very challenging. Above from left: Lee Aviation Authority from 1990 until 2000. However, those who rose to that challenge found a Balthazor, then RAeS He was a life-long supporter of the Royal good friend and a strong supporter for life. He was President, presents John Aeronautical Society, which he served in almost generous with his time and he was always ready to Stollery with the Sir Robert every capacity. He was the Society’s President in provide enthusiastic endorsements for applications, Hardingham Sword in December 2002 for 1987 at a time when the Society was facing some nominations and proposals. outstanding services to the challenging fi nancial and managerial issues. An His teaching style was simple and direct and, Society. RAeS (NAL). independent report commissioned by the Council as a means of guaranteeing attention in class, he had recommended that a set of radical and far would occasionally invite a student to take over for reaching proposals be adopted; including the a while. His lectures were models of clarity and, creation of the post of Director. John Stollery had despite all the developments in advanced teaching the diffi cult task of steering the Society through technology, were always delivered with nothing these changes. He did it well, exercising both more than traditional blackboard and chalk. As a wisdom and humanity. In addition, and on his own supervisor of academic research, he had few equals. initiative, he persuaded Council to limit the total Many of his PhD students have gone on to lead length of service of its members so that there very signifi cant research teams throughout the would be more opportunity for younger people to world, so far, at least four have achieved professorial be elected. In later years, he was the fi rst President positions and there is plenty of time for this number of the Cranfi eld Branch, he was the Editor of The to increase. Therefore, his intellectual legacy and his Aeronautical Journal from 1996 to 2006 and an infl uence in both the aerospace profession and in Associate Editor until his death. Some would say the fi eld of high speed aerodynamics are going to that he saved the Journal from extinction and all continue for many years. would agree that he improved its quality and its In February of this year his former students, intellectual standing considerably. colleagues and friends attended a one-day In recognition of his contributions, he received colloquium on ‘High-Speed Flows’ at Cranfi eld to many honours and awards. He was an Honorary celebrate his long and distinguished career. This Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society (1995), was a very well attended and truly international Fellow of the City and Guilds Institute of London affair with participants from as far afi eld as the USA, (1984), Fellow of the American Institute of Japan and Korea. Aeronautics and Astronautics (1988) and a Fellow Although he formally retired from Cranfi eld of the Royal Academy of Engineering (1992). In University with the title Emeritus Professor in 1995, 1994, he was made a Commander of the Order of he never stopped working with students; supporting the British Empire (CBE). both teaching and research until his health fi nally Outside work he had a life-long passion for failed. He died at home on 28 June. Jane died in football and, in recent years, he had returned to 2009 and he is survived by their four sons; Simon, building and fl ying model aircraft. Jane taught him Edward, Richard and Ben. pottery and he developed his own line of pots that were marketed successfully through the Woburn Professor Ian Poll Heritage Centre. OBE FREng FCGI HonFAIAA FRAeS

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 49 Obituaries William Tudor Gunston OBE FRAeS 1927-2013

With the passing of Bill Gunston on 1 June 2013, the mould was broken and the world of aviation journalism is all the poorer. A former Technical Editor of Flight magazine, he was the Associate Editor of IHS Jane’s Aero-Engines and author of over 375 books on aviation.

Born on 1 March 1927, William Tudor Gunston got the aviation ‘bug’ early in life. As a ten-year-old boy he travelled to Germany (with a well-connected uncle with links to British intelligence) and met Willy Messerschmitt. He was shown the Bf109 and the prototype Bf110 fi ghters. (According to family sources, post-1945, he had the opportunity to fl y several German aircraft, including the Bf109 Gustav, IHS Jane’s. Ju88 and He111.) Educated at Pinner County School, he became a member of the Air Training Corps, also forming BILL WAS “He was a real technical editor. I remember Club No.301 in the National Association of Spotters UNCANNILY the disbelief of industry that he had no access to Clubs, taking part in numerous national competitions CLEVER AT security or classifi ed sources. He worked closely Flight and being national winner three times. ANALYSING with our [ ] team of technical artists, notably In 1945 he joined the RAF and attended Arthur Bowbeer, Frank Munger and John Marsden. University College, Durham University on an RAF PHOTOS AND “Bill was uncannily clever at analysing photos cadetship. In 1946, he was posted to 4 Flying DRAWINGS OF and drawings of new aircraft, details of which were Training School (FTS), Heany, Bulawayo, Southern NEW AIRCRAFT, still secret or restricted. I recall that our [Flight] Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) where he trained as DETAILS OF Lockheed F-104G article and cutaway drawing a pilot. He went to 5 FTS Thornhill, Gwelo (now nearly caused meltdowns in the Pentagon and the Gweru) where he continued training and became an WHICH WERE UK Air Ministry. instructor on Harvards. Bill once told me he’d fl own STILL SECRET “He was unfailingly generous with his the de Havilland Mosquito and his last fl ight was OR RESTRICTED. knowledge and time. You could ask Bill anything and in another DH type — the Vampire F3 single-seat if he didn’t know (a statistically negligible probability) fi ghter. He was demobbed from the RAF in 1948 at I RECALL THAT he would fi nd out: Tailskid part number of Albert the Aircrew Allocation Unit, South Cerney. OUR [FLIGHT] Ball’s Sopwith Camel? Ask Bill!” Back in ‘civvie street’, Bill attended Northampton LOCKHEED In 1964 Bill launched Science Journal, taking Engineering College — now London City University F-104G ARTICLE the post of Technology Editor. As his freelance work — until 1951. From there he joined the editorial expanded (requiring a subtle change of by-line to staff of Flight magazine under its legendary editor AND CUTAWAY Bill Gunston), he resigned from what is now the H F (Rex) King, with the by-line of W T Gunston DRAWING Reed group (on the last day of 1970) to devote his and was known as by all-and-sundry there as ‘WTG’. NEARLY CAUSED time to writing. While aviation was, of course, his Flight He was appointed Technical Editor of in April MELTDOWNS IN prime subject, he tackled many other engineering 1955. and scientifi c subjects. He once boasted to me that According to J M (Mike) Ramsden, another THE PENTAGON he had even written a book on submarines (and legendary editor of Flight, Bill: “Was the most AND THE UK AIR there is a reported sighting of one on dinosaurs). infallibly well-informed aviation person I have ever MINISTRY Bill had the knack of imparting knowledge in known. He became famous for his technical ‘probes’. a readable way, inspiring his reader with his own His desk was covered with references to jigs and enthusiasm. He was able to write at the rate of widgets which he had spotted in publications like several thousand words a day: feature articles took Aircraft Production. One of ‘Bill’s probes’ resulted hours, books days! Prolifi c was, indeed, an apt in a visit to Rex’s offi ce by an Air Ministry security adjective when describing Bill’s work yet, in addition, offi cial. he made over 600 radio and TV broadcasts.

50 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 In 1969, Bill joined the Jane’s team to assist with the Engines section of Jane’s All the World’s Aircraft (JAWA), taking it over the next year, and has contributed to JAWA ever since. Ken Munson (Deputy Editor of JAWA) endorsed Mike Ramsden’s remarks about Bill’s thoroughness. After Bill’s book on Attack Aircraft of the West (Ian Allan, 1974) appeared, he passed Ken his notes for the chapter on the Tornado, an aircraft about which much was still classifi ed at that time. On a whole sheaf of pages, there was scarcely a square inch of unoccupied space, including all four margins. When his Engines section was spun off as a separate title in 1995 — Jane’s Aero-Engines — he was appointed Editor, a post in which he remained until 2007, when he became Associate Editor. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 1991 and was twice Chairman of the congratulate him and he could not fully comprehend Circle of Aviation Writers. “why”. I honestly believe he had no comprehension Bill was a supporter of the British aviation of the impact his writing had made on young air- industry but a critic of its fragmented nature and minded boys of my generation (and, it emerged at the lack of coherent leadership to move complex his funeral, neither did his family). I asked if he knew projects forwards, unlike the French. Members of what it meant? “Other Bugger’s Efforts” was his the Flight editorial team still talk of the Gunston Bet response. with the-then editor, that the Airbus A300 family I then reminded him of an old BBC radio sketch. would outsell the Boeing 727. During the early/ Tony Hancock was berating the Government for, yet mid-1970s, Bill worked as a consultant for Airbus again, omitting him from the New Year’s Honours Industrie, enjoying executive jet travel in a company listing. His compadre, Australian Bill Kerr, responded HS125 from Hatfi eld to Toulouse on several by accusing Hancock of jealousy because he (Kerr) occasions. was an OBE. Hancock’s response was instant: “Bill I fi rst met Bill during the late 1970s, when I was — you were Ordered OUT of the British Empire!” contributing to the Weapons & Warfare part-work, Gunston roared with laughter on the other end of published by Phoebus. Already ‘a name’ in aviation the phone. journalism, he came across as an unassuming guy In 2007, Bill was awarded the RAeS Decade of and was patient with the muted admiration shown Excellence Award at the Aerospace Journalist of by a young tyro and generous with his advice and the Year Awards. This award was for consistently knowledge. He was a true gentleman. outstanding aerospace journalism over the past Although I never worked directly with Bill, over ten years, especially journalism that has covered the years as our paths crossed, I would sound his multiple aspects of the global aerospace industry. opinion on specifi c queries. He never failed to help. It was judged by a panel of fi ve internationally After I joined the Jane’s group myself, he would recognised aviation journalists. occasionally consult me on a matter of detail about Bill married his former secretary, Margaret, who which he thought my knowledge of detail was was a glider pilot, so she not only knew Bill’s world greater than his; thus demonstrating the secret of of aviation but the way he worked. She and their two ‘an expert’ that if he did not know the answer, he daughters, Jeanette and Stephanie, survive him. had a jolly good idea who might. The fi nal accolade must be credited to my Among his many books deserving of a highlight, colleague Peter Felstead, Editor of IHS Jane’s I must mention his Flight Handbook — the theory Defence Weekly, who provided this caption to and practice of powered fl ight — my own copy (sixth the photo which accompanied Bill’s obituary in edition, 1962) has been well-thumbed over 51 his magazine: Bill Gunston, who leaves behind years — the Jane’s Aerospace Dictionary (produced him a legacy of aviation journalism that inspired a over three editions) and his 1983 tour de force — a generation. comprehensive history of Aircraft of the Soviet Union for Osprey. His Bombers of the West (Ian Allan, Michael J Gething 1973) and the subsequent volumes on fi ghter and MRAeS attack aircraft remain a valued aide-mémoire of the This obituary has been compiled from many sources types he described and their capabilities. and contributions, including his family and former In 1996, he was appointed an Offi cer of colleagues, Dennis Baldry, Paul Jackson, Ken the Order of the British Empire for his services Munson, Mike Ramsden and Ann Tilbury; to all of to aviation journalism. I remember ringing to whom I offer my grateful thanks.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 51 Afterburner Diary

EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events

16-17 September Unmanned Aviation: Challenges for Growth Unmanned Air Systems Group Conference

17 September Lanchester Lecture: The Aerodynamic Challenges of Aero-Engine Gas-Turbine Combustion Systems Prof James McGuirk, Professor of Aerodynamics, Loughborough University Aerodynamics Group Named Lecture

19 September STOVL Flight Control Testing Justin Paines, Fixed Wing Chief Flying Instructor, ETPS Flight Test Group Lecture

25-26 September Annual International Flight Crew Training Conference: Upset An F/A-18A Hornet about to refuel from a KC-30A Multi Role Tanker Transport wing pod. EADS. Prevention, Recognition and Recovery Training The F/A-18F Super Hornet will be described by Wg Cdr John Haly at Canberra on 13 August and KC-30A testing will be discussed by Flt Lt Tim Spackman at Adelaide on 27 August. 25 September Capt Ray Jones Lecture Larry Rockliff, Chief Test Pilot, Tianjin FAL, Airbus Flight Simulation Group Named Lecture ADELAIDE 10 October — Concorde — a Building, Coventry University. Engineers Australia, Level real life time machine. Capt 7.30 pm. Janet Owen, T +44 1 October 11, 108 King William Street, David Rowland. Joint lecture (0)2476 464079. Cierva Lecture Adelaide. 6 pm. with IMechE. 16 October — Flight testing Rotorcraft Group Named Lecture E [email protected] in the university environment. 27 August — KC-30A air- CANBERRA Dr Mike Bromfi eld, Coventry 7 October air refuelling testing — the Military Theatre, ADFA. 6 pm. University. John Boyd Dunlop Aerospace Medicine Autumn Lecture Australian approach. Flt Lt Tim Jon Pike, lecture. Aerospace Medicine Group Lecture Spackman, ARDU. E [email protected] 13 August — F/A-18F Super CRANFIELD 14 October BEDFORD Hornet. Wg Cdr John Haly. Vincent Auditorium, Building British Overseas Airways Corporation 1940-50 ARA Social Club, Manton 10 September — 52, Cranfi eld University. Capt Dacre Watson Lane, Bedford. 6.30 pm. Autonomous nav-guidance 6.15 pm. Historical Group Lecture Marylyn Wood, T +44 (0)1933 for UAVs. Brad Yelland, BAE 15 October — Solar Orbiter. 353517. Systems. Andy Whitehouse, Solar 15 October 11 September — Shape- Orbiter Programme Manager, Greener by Design 2013: Airports & Aircraft Noise changing structures for CHESTER Astrium. aerospace applications. Dr Auditorium, Customer Support 21 October Keith Seffen, Senior Lecturer, Building, Airbus UK, Chester CRANWELL Young Persons Annual Conference Department of Engineering, Road, Broughton. 7.30 pm. RAF Cranwell. 7.30 pm. University of Cambridge. Keith Housley, T +44 (0)151 7 October — A history of 22 October 23 October — Airbus future 336 1805. aircraft fatigue from Comet Aerospace Technology: The Road Ahead concepts. Bob Lange, Airbus. 11 September — The Trident. to Dreamliner. Dr Andrew President’s Conference Neil Lomax. Halfpenny. BELFAST 9 October — RAF fl ying. Wg 6 November Peter Froggatt Centre, Cdr Philip Spencer. FARNBOROUGH Brabazon Lecture Queen’s University Belfast. Park Centre, BAE Systems, Richard Deakin, CEO, NATS 7 pm. Malcolm Cloke, T +44 CHRISTCHURCH Farnborough. 7.30 pm. Dr (0)2890 465650. Lecture Theatre Block, Mike Philpot, T +44 (0)1252 8 November 19 September — The Spitfi re Wallisdown Campus, 614618. Careers in Aerospace LIVE 2013 and Seafi re. Rob Dean. Bournemouth University. 7.30 10 September — Title TBC. 17 October — Developing pm. Roger Starling, Sir Gerald Howarth MP. 11 November the fi nal frontier: The space E rogerstarling593@btinternet. 15 October — Satellite Light Aircraft Design: Methods and Tools 2013 revolution. Robert Hill Director, com technology. Mike Healy, General Aviation Group Conference Northern Ireland Space Offi ce. 26 September — Wings Astrium. over Stonehenge — where 11 November CAMBRIDGE the seeds of British military GATWICK Aerospace and Aviation Book Fair Lecture Theatre ‘O’ of air power were sown. Ted Conference Rooms 1&2 at the Cambridge University Mustard. CAA Safety Regulation Group, Engineering Department, 24 October — From fi rst to Aviation House, Gatwick (next Trumpington Street, last — a life in aviation. Peter to the Beehive). 6.30 pm. Don All lectures start at 18.00hrs unless otherwise stated. Cambridge. 7.30 pm. Jin-Hyun Hunt. Bates, T +44 (0)20 8654 Conference proceedings are available at Yu, T +44 (0)1223 373129. 1150. www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings 10 September — Flying the COVENTRY 11 September — Volcanic SR-71. Col Richard Graham, Lecture Theatre ECG26, ash. Padhraic Kellerher, Head USAF Retd. Note date change. Engineering and Computing of Airworthiness, CAA.

52 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 UNPARALLELED PROFESSIONAL NETWORKING THROUGH EVENTS AND INVOLVEMENT WITH THE SOCIETY’S 24 SPECIALIST GROUPS AND 67 BRANCHES

SYDNEY Sydney University, Shepherd Street, Darlington. 6.30 pm. E [email protected] A Tornado GR4 aircraft of 617 Squadron, Royal Air Force, fl ies high over its parent station of RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland. 28 August — QF32 A380 SAC Kay-Marie Bingham, RAF/Crown copyright. over Singapore. Capt David RAF Lossiemouth operations will be described by Gp Capt Ian Gale at the Highland Branch on 14 August. Evans. 18 September — Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith lecture. Ian Thomas, President, Boeing HAMBURG HIGHLAND 17 September — Survivable Marketing & Sales, Kenmore Australia. Club Burwood Hochschule für Angewandte The Gallery, Elgin Library. loads on the pilot and the Air. (RSL), 96 Shaftesbury Road, Wissenschaften Hamburg, 7 pm. Alex Gray, crashworthiness of glider Burwood, Sydney. Berliner Tor 5 (Neubau), T +44 (0)1224 319464. cockpits. Dr Tony Segal. SWINDON Hörsaal 01.12, 20099 14 August — RAF The Montgomery Theatre, YEOVILTON Hamburg. 6 pm. Richard Lossiemouth operational PRESTON The Defence Academy of Nuffi eld Bar, Little Yeovilton, Sanderson, T +49 (0)4167 activity today and in the near Personnel and Conference the United Kingdom, Joint RNAS Yeovilton, Ilchester, 92012. future. Gp Capt Ian Gale. Elgin Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. Services Command Staff Somerset. 6.30 pm. Lt Mike 24 October — Future Town Hall. 7.30 pm. Alan Matthews, College, Shrivenham. 7 pm. Harris, T +44 (0)1935 freighter aircraft — converted 11 September — North Sea T +44 (0)1995 61470. Colin Irvin, T (0)7740 136609. 455122. passenger aircraft or dedicated helicopter operations. Mike 18 September — FAAM 2 October — Flapping wing 24 September — Aerospace freighters? Lecture in German. Simon. — The Facility for Airborne technology. Dr Nathan Phillips. in 2050. Prof Graham Roe. Dr-Ing Dieter Schmitt, formerly Atmospheric Measurements Airbus. Joint lecture with LOUGHBOROUGH — Snoopy’s successor. Guy DGLR andVDI. Room U020, Brockington Gratton, Head of FAAM and Building, Loughborough Visiting Senior Research HATFIELD University. 7.30 pm. Colin Fellow at Brunel University. University of Hertfordshire. 7 Moss, T +44 (0)1509 239962 9 October — Greenbird pm. Maurice James, T +44 15 October — F-35B JSF. Land Yacht Speed Record. (0)7958 775441. Graham Tomlinson, BAE George Seyfang, BAE Systems Make sure your AeroSociety 25 September — Systems Senior Pilot. (retired). Sophisticated small satellites contacts are up to date from Surrey. Dr Stuart Eves, MANCHESTER PRESTWICK Lead Mission Concepts The Deanwater Hotel, Aviator Suite, Terminal Building, Engineer, Surrey Satellite Wilmslow Road, Woodford. Prestwick International Airport. Almost fi ve years ago, the Society’s website Technology Ltd. 7 pm. John Pedley, T +44 7.30 pm. John Wragg, T +44 domain changed from www.raes.org.uk to www. (0)161 653 7104. (0)1655 750270. aerosociety.com and, at the same time, all staff HEATHROW 18 September — First fl ight 9 September — Naval air Community Learning Centre, of ATP. Robby Robinson. power in the 20th century and members’ email addresses were updated Waterside, Harmondsworth. 16 October — F1 race car beyond. David Bradley, Abertay accordingly. We will soon be halting the 6.15 pm. For security aerodynamics. Steve Fenwick, University. purposes please contact Senior CFD Aerodynamicist, 14 October — 55 years of re-direction that is in place from the previous David Beaumont, E secretary. Lotus Cars. Newton Building, flying fun. Clive Rustin. website and email addresses so please check [email protected] Salford University. the contact records you may have stored in 12 September — 100 years SEATTLE of world-class aircraft from OXFORD William M Allen Theater, your address book and also that you have the Kingston upon Thames. David The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Museum of Flight, 9404 East correct website bookmarked. If you have any Hassard. Science Park, Oxford. 7 pm. Marginal Way, South Seattle, questions, please email [email protected] 10 October — Subject TBC. Nigel Randall, Washington. 6.30 pm. Keith Williams, CEO, British E oaktree.cottage@btinternet. 17 September — Kenmore or call +44 (0)20 7670 4300. Airways. com Air. Craig O’Neill, Director of

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 53 Afterburner Corporate Partners NEW PARTNERS EVENTS

Please note: attendance at Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is strictly The Royal Aeronautical Society would like to exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners. Unless otherwise welcome the following as Corporate Partners. advised, registration for Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is at 16.30 hrs. SINGAPORE AIRLINES Thursday 26 September 2013 / London Chiswick Park, Building 11, 566 Chiswick High How does the UK maintain leadership in Air ISTAR? Road, London W4 5YS, UK Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Bob Delorge, Chief Executive & Managing T +44 (0)20 8563 6767 Director, Raytheon UK E [email protected] Sponsored by Raytheon UK W www.singaporeair.com Contact Wednesday 16 October 2013 / London Dominic Allen, Maintenance Manager London CSeries and Bombardier’s New Facility in Belfast Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Michael Ryan, Vice President & General Singapore Airlines is a global company dedicated Manager, Bombardier Aerospace to providing air transportation services of the Sponsored by Bombardier highest quality and to maximising returns for the benefi t of its shareholders and employees. Thursday 21 November 2013 / London Singapore Airlines has come a long way since Corporate Partner Briefi ng on Cyber Security our founding in 1972, evolving from a regional Richard Nethercott, VP of National Security, CGI airline to one of the most respected travel brands around the world. We fl y one of the youngest www.aerosociety.com/events aircraft fl eets in the world to destinations For further information, please contact Gail Ward spanning a network spread over six continents, E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912 with the Singapore Girl as our internationally- recognisable icon providing the high standards of care and service that customers have come to expect of us.

EUROPEAN TRAINING SIMULATION ASSOCIATION SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS SERVICES LTD Crawford House, Hambleton Road, Denmead, Arlington House, 1025 Arlington Business Park, Waterlooville, Hampshire PO7 6NU, UK Theale, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4SA, UK T +44 (0)7722 234752 T +44 (0)118 909 0200 E [email protected] E [email protected] W www.etsa.eu W www.scs-ltd.co.uk Contact Contact Steve Wilkinson, ETSA Company Secretary Bill Bird

European Training and Simulation Association SCS provides expert advice and services to public (ETSA) represents the European training and private sector customers in the defence and and simulation community and provides an security markets. SCS has deep expertise across environment for users and suppliers to exchange a broad range of delivery areas, including safety opportunities, ideas, information and strategies and regulatory, training, complex systems and on training and simulation technology and engineering support and support to operations. methodology. ETSA brings together all those SCS provides technical support services that have a professional interest in improving to the Defence Equipment and Support the effectiveness of training and training-related Organisation, building an extensive corporate interoperability, standards and codes of practice. knowledge of air platform designs at both the It represents to governments and other users of whole aircraft and sub-system level, Continued training and simulation the non-partisan business and Continuing Airworthiness, Production and interests of the industry. Sustainment Policy, Process, Procedure, People ETSA exists to promote effective effi cient Contact: and Products, delivered by suitably qualifi ed and training, and the use of modelling and simulation, Simon Levy experienced persons (SQEP). for the benefi t of providers, practitioners and Corporate Partner Manager SCS also supports major defence exercises users. E [email protected] at the strategic/command post levels, and has T +44 (0)20 7670 4346 provided these services to the Permanent Joint HQ for a number of years.

54 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 Society News NATS SWANWICK

So what does it take to be an Air Traffi c Control- NATS aims to ler? From an initial batch of 3,000 applicants, after initial computer-based aptitude tests, scenario- deliver a further based examination and initial interviews, only 25 will be selected to undertake three years of training £120m of savings at the NATS ATC training college, of which only 20 will be successful and gain full validation. If you are On 20 June, 15 members of the Boscombe Down successful, the career rewards are substantial; a six Branch of the Royal Aeronautical Society were fi gure salary was stated as not being uncommon, privileged to partake in a guided visit of the NATS with working shift patterns of six days on followed Swanwick Control Centre. The centre’s operation by four days off. According to our host, another room opened in 2002 (combining the London Area benefi t is that at the end of your shift you do not Control Centre, London Terminal Centre and the take any stress home with you. He went on to say Military Air Traffi c Control) and manages en route that the job is very low stress; although this is traffi c in the London Flight Information Region, presumably down to the type of person recruited which includes en route airspace over England and rather than the job itself. Testament to this concept Wales up to the Scottish border and also traffi c can be seen when looking out of the observation below 24,500ft fl ying to or from London’s airports. windows on to the operations room below, far from This area, one of the busiest in Europe, extends being a buzzing room of pandemonium with people south-east towards the coast, west towards Bristol running all over the place like headless chickens, and north to near Birmingham. The military control- the scene below was one of complete calm and lers provide services to civil and military aircraft professionalism. operating outside controlled airspace and work At the end of the visit we had a Q&A session, closely with civilian controllers to ensure safe where many questions were asked, such as: “What co-ordination of traffi c. happens to the centre in the event of a fi re?” “How Within the building itself, we were greeted by a did the controllers handle the changes to UK large screen presenting information and airspace during the London 2012 Olympic Games?” statistics about NATS. UK airspace only covers 11% “How are interactions between the controllers and of European airspace but it handles 25% of Europe’s the aircraft Traffi c Alert and Collision Avoidance air traffi c. The Swanwick centre alone handles a System handled?” staggering 1·9m fl ights per year, with fl ights peaking Overall, the visit was a great success and thor- at 8,500 per day. NATS impressively boasts to have oughly enjoyed by all. We left Swanwick confi dent reduced the average fl ight delay from 130 seconds that, despite the density of air traffi c over the south to a mere 1·6 seconds over the ten-year period of the UK, next time we take a commercial fl ight our since Swanwick became operational, to the benefi t safety will be largely in the hands of a professional of passengers and airlines alike. Another impressive and world-class air traffi c management service Top: The Boscombe Down statistic has been achieved through the introduction provider. Branch outside NATS To fi nd out more about the Boscombe Down Swanwick. of NATS intelligent future area control tools (iFACTS) Above: The NATS Swanwick which enhances safety nets and also simplifi es Branch and what we have to offer, please visit: site is surrounded by the task of allowing continuous climb departures, http://www.boscombedownraes.org. woodland and is located continuous descents, as well as most direct point-to- adjacent to the Swanwick Marc Sheridan Lakes nature reserve. The point routeings. In 2012 this allowed measurable fuel gate guardian is a Harrier effi ciency savings of 25,000 tonnes (worth £17m) MRAeS GR3. david.nikonvscanon. and NATS aims to deliver a further £120m of savings Treasurer, RAeS Boscombe Down Branch Below: Inside NATS to the airlines over the next three years. E [email protected] Swanwick Ops Room. NATS.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 55 Elections

FELLOWS AFFILIATES APPRENTICE AFFILIATES SOCIETY OFFICERS Gerard Brachet Anthony Favaloro David Suttie President: Jenny Body Martin Clark Christopher Baecher President-Elect: Air Cdre Bill Tyack Richard Day Daniel Hughes E-ASSOCIATES Mark Deaney David Greves BOARD CHAIRMEN Gordon Evans Denis Caraire Muhammad Atiq Arshad Jeffrey Forsbrey Edmund Acheson Pauly Barratt Audit and Compliance Chairman: Angela Gittens Jo-Anne Hume Liam Crosbie Prof David Allerton Peter Hoffman John Molloy Andrew Forrest Learned Society Chairman: Prof Graham Roe Scott McLarty Kurt Grant Timothy Milne Membership Services Chairman: Alison McMillan Leata Alaimoana Luke O’Brien Martin Broadhurst Michael Murray Marian Tomsa George Thomas Professional Standards Chairman: Philip Osborn Nicholas Maitland John Walker Prof Chris Atkin John Price Paul Woodward Timothy West Grandhi Rao Peter-Jon Solomon DIVISION PRESIDENTS Ted Richards Richard Grant STUDENT AFFILIATES Vladimir Shibaev Richard Mumford Australia: Air Cdre Noel G Schmidt Alan Siddoway Robert Calladine Ruari Brooker New Zealand: Gp Capt Frank Sharp Robert Stirling Timothy Durkin Harry Miller Pakistan: AM Salim Arshad Christopher Wilson Adam Philo South African: Prof Laurent Dala Timothy Tanko MEMBERS

Philip Bircham Christopher (Mike) NATIONAL AEROSPACE LIBRARY Boyle Jaime Gonzalez Solari Peter Griffi n Vintage Aviation David Hammond Mohsin Khan Posters Peter Lipsett Scott MacLeod Visitors to The Hub building in which the National Tristan McMillan Aerospace Library at Farnborough is located can Yeow Wei Pang now view reproductions (40 inch Box Canvas Prints) Malcolm Welsby of original posters held in the Library’s archives, Robert Westerberg displayed along the corridor leading from the Library Adrian Woolven to ‘The Aviators’ café bar. Zdenek Zaruba A wide range of giftware items and poster/print reproductions of over 440 vintage colour aviation ASSOCIATE MEMBERS posters/magazine covers/air show programmes/ airline timetables/decorative book covers etc. Peter Austin c.1909-1939 held in the archives of the NAL can Charles King be ordered via the following website: Geraint Laidlaw-Wilson www.aerosociety.com/printsandposters Iain Thomson The NAL holds probably one of the fi nest

archives of early ballooning material of its kind Paul Bailey. ASSOCIATES in the world and, via the website, can be viewed 238 images of 18th and 19th century ballooning Jonathan Harries lithographs and posters which represents a wide Anas Hassan selection of its pre-eminent collection. Aaron Kabasobokwe The website has been produced in collaboration Roger Laguia Barnola with the Mary Evans Picture Library (www. Jack Mellor maryevans.com) through whom these images can Andrew Milligan be licensed for reproduction in books, magazines, Rajesh Odedra advertising and other media. David Oliver For any enquiries regarding this material, please Thomas Pitts contact the Librarians at Farnborough Emile Raya (T +44 (0)1252 701038/701060; Adam Todd E [email protected]) Christine Woodward.

56 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 WITH REGRET

The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the following members:

Capt Arthur Rodney Cane FRAeS 62 Prof John Frederick Clarke CEng FRAeS 86 Alan James Daley IEng FRAeS 75 Edward David Frith FRAeS 79 Eutelsat keeps on the high ground Richard Alan Jones CEng MRAeS 39 Thirty years of Europe’s commercial telecom satellites were celebrated at Alan Norman Knowles CEng MRAeS 90 No.4HP on 28 June. Stephen Glynn described the success story that is Prof Martin Vincent Lowson FREng FRAeS 75 Eutelsat, which has grown to become one of the largest commercial satellite operators in the world. He outlined the path from the single ECS-1 satellite John Yeates Mann CEng FRAeS 87 launched on 16 June 1983 to the 31 satellites currently operated by the Frank Surgenor Reford CEng FRAeS 69 organisation, resulting in annual revenues of €1·2bn and a staff complement of 780, mainly at the HQ in Paris. Prof John Leslie Stollery CBE FREng HonFRAeS Another part of the story is how Eutelsat, more than any other organisation, 83 has helped strengthen and sustain two suppliers of telecom satellites in Europe — Astrium and Thales Alenia Space. Eutelsat has also favoured the use of David Harold John Symons MBE IEng AMRAeS Europe’s Ariane family of launch vehicles, with occasional use of American and 84 other rockets in order to avoid being totally dependent on a single supplier. Originally set up as an international treaty organisation, Eutelsat was eventu- Philip Walter Syms FRAeS 83 ally privatised leading to an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in 2005. Its business John P Townsend IEng AMRAeS 87 has, in recent years, been buttressed by the growth of high defi nition TV, with 3D and ultra-high defi nition TV at the demonstration stage. Its latest Ka-sat satellite illuminates Europe with a matrix of 82 spot beams. The radio spectrum is re-used in non-adjacent spot beams resulting in the satellite being able to support a total throughput of 70Gbps. Eutelsat’s fl eet of ADVERTISING satellites stretches across more than half of the equatorial geostationary arc (35,000km high) from 15° W to 172° E, allowing the delivery of services to To advertise in any of the Royal much of Asia, Africa, South America and the east coast of North America, as well as Europe. Aeronautical Society’s publications, Looking to the future, he envisages Eutelsat continuing to rely on satellites website or e-media please contact: in geostationary orbit, rather than the low Earth orbits (~1,000km high) used by some other operators. As concerns the satellites themselves, he outlined trends towards larger satellites continuing on from Ka-sat and smaller but more fl exible Emma Bossom satellites that can adapt to changing market conditions. T +44 (0)20 7670 4342 E [email protected] Pat Norris FRAeS

RAeS RECEPTION AT THE PARIS AIR SHOW

During the Paris Air Show, the Paris Branch once again hosted a champagne breakfast reception at the Salon International de l’Aeronautique et de l’Espace (SIAE) chalet. The opportunity was taken to promote the Society’s new members’ magazine, AEROSPACE. Here Simon Luxmoore, far right, shows the June issue to Peter Hall, Public Relations Manager, Messier-Bugatti-Dowty.

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com AUGUST 2013 57 The Last Word

COMMENTARY FROM Professor Keith Hayward RAeS Head of Research

The Entente Aerospatiale: time for action

For as long as I can remember, American initiatives strongly supported would contain an offi cials have been moaning about European element of fait accompli to shape wider European unwillingness to spend money on defence. efforts. True enough, and what the continent does spend it does so very ineffi ciently. Moreover, Differences still remain when there is a need to use the stuff, there Despite the putative Entente Aerospatiale there always seem to be reluctance on the part of are still issues that divide the two countries. somebody to commit their share of capability. Britain’s links with the US places its industry in a In this context, the Anglo-French axis has emerged very different medium-term environment; the F-35 as a critical element in developing European defence offers security of production if not the highest capabilities. Although there are still differences in level of technology, and certainly not the way to emphasis — especially in respect of the role of NATO maintain central design integration skills. Rafale — London and Paris are the most ready to act in competes with Typhoon for immediate business. GIVEN defence of ‘European’ security interests. And while the UK is thinking about privatising its THAT BOTH procurement agency, the French government is in The Lancaster House Agreement a tangle over its control (or lack of control) over COUNTRIES Co-operation in a material sense was underpinned its defence industrial base, despite, or perhaps WILL NEED TO by the 2010 Lancaster House agreement. This because of, its continuing shareholding in key fi rms.† MAKE SAVINGS included commitments on joint procurement. But In principle, this latter dichotomy should not prevent effective collaboration needs substantive activity, co-operation, but it does suggest continuing, IN DEFENCE, and fi nancial realities may yet undermine Anglo- fundamental differences about how to handle THERE IS STILL French aspirations. Budgetary austerity haunts both defence industrial and procurement questions, A POWERFUL sides of the Channel, but especially so in France, which might in the future give rise to diffi culties CASE FOR where the government may struggle to fund its about, for example, transatlantic defence trade. share of a new anti-ship airborne missile. WORKING MORE There is also the question of what to do about But action is needed — and soon EFFICIENTLY unmanned systems, one of the central points However, both countries need urgently to address TOGETHER of the Lancaster House accord. Work on the an emerging threat to vital defence aerospace ON MILITARY Telemos project has stalled, although a decision capabilities. The Royal Aeronautical Society and the is imminent on how (or if) to proceed with a more French Academy of Air and Space have both called AEROSPACE advanced UCAV joint development, in effect the for commitments to a future generation of combat PROGRAMMES leading contender to meet the UK Future Combat platforms — or at least the technology to support Aerospace System outline requirement. new concepts — in particular the need to start a full Given that both countries will need to make UCAV development programme. savings in defence, there is still a powerful case A recent conference in Paris sponsored by the for working more effi ciently together on military Academy underlined the seriousness of the threat aerospace programmes. A strong Anglo-French and outlined possible avenues to meet it. The threat axis could drive reform in the way collaborative to leading-edge design teams is imminent and programmes are organised and work shares the time for talking about launching a coherent allocated. They would still have to address German programme to support a vital element of European and Italian concerns but a series of bilateral joint aerospace is pretty well exhausted.

† See Cour des comptes, Les faiblesses de l’État actionnaire d’entreprises industrielles de défense, http://www.ccomptes.fr/Actualites/A-la-une/Les-faibless- es-de-l-Etat-actionnaire-d-entreprises-industrielles-de-defense

58 AEROSPACE / AUGUST 2013 UAS Conference

UNMANNED AVIATION: UPSET PREVENTION, RECOGNITION CHALLENGES FOR GROWTH & RECOVERY TRAINING

LONDON / 16 - 17 SEPTEMBER 2013 8TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT CREW TRAINING CONFERENCE This year’s annual UAS Conference focuses on LONDON / 25 - 26 SEPTEMBER 2013 the successes already The 2013 Conference will accomplished in getting to a examine and discuss the European Remotely Piloted challenges of upset prevention Aircraft System (RPAS) and recovery training. Roadmap covering all 27 The Conference will address member states, developed by the remaining challenges the European RPAS Steering in training programmes Group. and processes from the perspectives of aircraft With a timeframe stretching operators, makers and users out to 2028 there is much still of training systems, training to happen for the European providers, researchers and UAS industry to emerge into a regulators. more secure and sustainable future. www.aerosociety.com/events

www.aerosociety.com/events Sponsored by The conference includes an Innovation Award for student RAeS members

Sponsored by: 3

ASIA P A CIFIC AIRLINE TR A INING S YMM P OSIUMM

President’s Conference Conference By:

AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY: THE ROAD AHEAD Shaping the future of airline LONDON / 22 OCTOBER 2013 training for the region Technology and its implementation continues to be the key differentiator for 17–18 September 2013 aerospace. Centara Grand Convention Centre This conference aims to be Bangkok, Thailand the premier conference for the international aerospace community. It will draw on expertise from other sectors and address the strategic challenges, consider changes to current philosophies and set out a vision for the future.

www.aerosociety.com/events REGISTER NOW EARLY BIRD Celebrating the presidential year of Jenny Body OBE, the RATES END 31 JULY 2013 President’s Conference will inaugurate an exciting new series of annual conferences by examining how aerospace technology may best be fitted for the future. Platinum Sponsor: Gold Sponsor: For more information, visit halldale.com/apats June 2013 marks 75 years of Boeing’s partnership with the UK. We’re proud of what we have built together and we will continue to rely on our UK partners — customers, employees, suppliers and researchers — as we innovate for our shared future. As Boeing continues to deliver aircraft to UK airlines and remains a committed supporter of the UK’s Armed Forces, we can’t think of a better place to grow. Together, we’ll soar even higher in the next 75 years. Learn more at www.boeing.co.uk