Meeting Global Challenges: Discovery and Innovation
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Meeting Global Challenges: Discovery and Innovation AAAS ANNUAL REPORT 2014 The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scienti c society and publisher of the journal Science (www.sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org), Science Signaling (www.sciencesignaling.org), and a digital, open-access journal, Science Advances (www.scienceadvances.org). AAAS was founded in 1848 and includes nearly 250 a liated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general science journal in the world. The non-pro t AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open to all and ful lls its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy, international programs, science education, public engagement, and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert!, www.eurekalert.org, the premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS. See www.aaas.org. American Association for the Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, NW • Washington, DC 20005 USA Tel: 202-326-6440 For more information about supporting AAAS, please e-mail developmento [email protected], or call 202-326-6636. On the Cover: As it takes flight in Kenya, this Eurasian roller (Coracias garrulous), with its magni cent blue and teal-colored wings, o ers a reminder of the promise of discovery and innovation for improving human welfare. Alan I. Leshner, AAAS CEO emeritus, captured this photograph in early 2015. Table of Contents Welcome Letter by Phillip A. Sharp and Rush D. Holt ...................... 2 Public Statements on Key Issues ...................................................4 Communication and Public Engagement ....................................... 8 International Engagement ........................................................... 11 Science, Policy, and Society .........................................................14 Government Relations ................................................................. 17 The Science Family of Journals .....................................................19 Improving Science Literacy ...........................................................23 Education, Outreach, and Careers ................................................25 AAAS Divisions ........................................................................... 2 7 Advancing Science Through Philanthropy .................................... 29 AAAS Awards and Prizes ..............................................................31 AAAS Fellows ............................................................................. 3 4 Acknowledgment of Contributors ................................................ 36 Financial Summary ......................................................................51 AAAS Board of Directors, O cers, and Information.......................52 Welcome From the AAAS Chair, Phillip A. Sharp, and the CEO, Rush D. Holt Science-based innovations policymakers. (For more information on AAAS have never been more science policy activities, see pages 14–18.) central to solving global Given the global nature of our most challenges such as climate pressing problems, the association change, disease, poverty, continued in 2014 to promote science and hunger. By mid-century, diplomacy and international research the world’s population is collaboration. U.S. President Barack Obama expected to hit 9 billion. established new diplomatic ties with Climate change has already Cuba in 2014. AAAS applauded the policy resulted in rising sea levels, heat waves, change, and it forged a landmark agreement and heavy precipitation events, exacerbat- with the Cuban Academy of Sciences to ing an agricultural crisis. The atmosphere encourage cooperation between scientists has warmed by about 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit from both nations. AAAS also implemented over the past 100 years, and unless we can an ambitious Global Innovation through slow the production of greenhouse gases, Science and Technology (GIST) competition, additional heating of 4 to 8 degrees F is convening 30 young entrepreneurs from expected by 2100. Science promises solu- 23 developing nations. The program, tions in the form of alternative energies, established by the U.S. Department of new energy-e cient technologies, and crops State at Obama’s direction, showcased capable of resisting drought and pests. If science-based innovations such as a mobile such discoveries are to truly improve human application to reduce infant and maternal welfare, however, we must nd more e cient mortality in Uganda, and a bicycle-powered ways to speed innovation and its practical cell phone charger for people in Malawi. applications. (See pages 11–13.) In 2014, an array of AAAS programs The e¬ ective communication of science focused on accelerating the pace of is critical for ensuring public trust in the scienti c discovery in service of society. integrity of science, and scientists. Toward Along with dozens of other leading that end, AAAS released an influential report, organizations, for example, AAAS advocated in English and Spanish, to spell out the to “Close the Innovation De cit.” In written extensive body of scienti c evidence related testimony to the U.S. Senate Committee on to human-caused climate change (8–10). Appropriations, the coalition pointed out The “What We Know” report, approved by that U.S. federal research and development a committee of leading experts, including expenditures as a share of the nation’s Nobel laureate Mario Molina, was supported economy have remained nearly flat over the by the Rockefeller Family Fund, Lawrence last decade. By comparison, investments H. Linden, and others. Also in 2014, the have increased by nearly 50 percent in association organized a series of popular South Korea and by nearly 90 percent in Communicating Science workshops for China. “Our nation is losing ground by scientists and engineers (10), and the AAAS- insu ciently investing in scienti c research Lemelson Invention Ambassadors program and education and shackling itself with highlighted the importance of invention and visionless continuing [funding] resolutions,” inventors (25–26). the group wrote in a subsequent letter to The devastating Ebola outbreak posed 2 major public-health and communication for All Americans—an influential call to challenges. In response, AAAS quickly action on U.S. science literacy and national assembled a special, freely accessible education standards in science, technology, collection of authoritative research and engineering, and mathematics (STEM). AAAS news articles from the Science family of also joined forces with other organizations journals. The association also co-sponsored to set forth recommendations for improving a Washington, D.C., conference on global undergraduate STEM education. health security issues related to Ebola, (See pages 23–24.) and separately, AAAS S&T Policy Fellows The association has meanwhile positioned convened experts to identify key needs itself to achieve even greater impacts in the most heavily a¬ ected regions of on society in the future, by launching a Africa. On 29 August, Science published the far-reaching, strategic Transformation sequencing of 99 Ebola virus genomes from Initiative as well as a new online open- West African patients. The results provided access journal, Science Advances. Through insights into how the Ebola virus had entered the Transformation Initiative, AAAS has West Africa, where it had never been before, moved beyond its print-centric roots to setting the stage for improved diagnosis become a multimedia, multiplatform science and treatment. (See pages 19–22 for more communication enterprise with a “digital- Science highlights on the avian genome, the rst” mindset. Those e¬ orts in 2014 included Rosetta spacecra¯ ’s encounter with a comet, testing of a new digital communication and much more.) and collaboration platform, Trellis (www. Preparing the next-generation of trelliscience.com). At the same time, AAAS innovators is critical to scienti c discovery. has prioritized advocacy and other member- AAAS therefore remains dedicated to focused activities, while Science Advances improving science education, while also has increased the volume of high-quality helping to diversify the science and research available to the public. With your technology pipeline. Project 2061, the help, we will continue to promote innovation science-education reform initiative at AAAS, and scienti c discovery to improve quality of celebrated the 25th anniversary of Science life worldwide. Phillip A. Sharp Rush D. Holt AAAS Chair (2014–2015) and AAAS CEO and Executive Publisher, Institute Professor, Koch Institute Science, Science Translational Medicine, of Integrative Cancer Research, Science Signaling, and Science Advances Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3 Public Statements on Key Issues AAAS continued in 2014 to advocate for the scienti c enterprise through testimony, letters to policymakers, op-ed articles, and other outreach e¬ orts. In particular, the association urged adequate, sustained U.S. federal support for research and development; action to address global climate change; broader international research cooperation; advances in science education; and more. Advocacy for the Scienti c Enterprise 28 January. In a letter to Capitol Hill, AAAS 13 January. An op-ed in Politico, co-authored noted that “professional conferences bene t by then CEO Alan I. Leshner