Vilenica and Vilenjak: Bearers of an Extinct Fairy Cult1
Nar. umjet. 39/1, 2002, pp. 31-63, Z. Čiča, Vilenica and Vilenjak: Bearers of an Extinct... Original scientific paper Received: 17th Jan. 2002 Accepted: 29th March 2002 UDK 398.4(4)(091) ZORAN »I»A BartoliÊi 41, Zagreb VILENICA AND VILENJAK: BEARERS OF AN EXTINCT FAIRY CULT1 This article traces a popular pre-Christian fairy cult in Croatia and broader, with vilenica and vilenjak as its bearers and practitioners. The sources analyzed are historical records, sixteenth-century literary fragments, theological writings from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and nineteenth- and twentieth-century ethnographic data. The author reconstructs and examines the morphology of the cult, its influence on the learned culture (Renaissance literary works), along with the theological endeavours to alter the social reception of an apparently widespread cult and to root it out. The Roman Catholic efforts to reform popular culture as well as the historical phenomenon of witch-hunting and its consequences contributed markedly to the disappearance of the contemporary awareness of vilenicas (f) and vilenjaks (vileniks, vilovnjaks) (m) as the central personages of a rich cosmological cult similar to those practised elsewhere in Europe. Key words: vilenica, vilenjak (vilenik, vilovnjak), fairy cult, witch- -hunting, popular culture 1. It was in early August of 1660 when captain Ivan Gučetić of Janjina captaincy, the Republic of Dubrovnik, was informed of the presence of vilenicas and streghe [witches] in his district. Intrigued by the report, he decided to have one of these vilenicas summoned. Soon before him stood a young woman, aged between 25 and 30, who was to satisfy the captain's curiosity and puzzlement.
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