780 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY. 5.

REPORT ON NUMBER OF ENLISTED MEN IN THE ~ families. All farme:r;s now want electric SENATE REGULAR ARMY service. A l'3tter from the Secretary of War, trans­ REA is cutting down our loan appll~ations WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1947 mitting, pursuant to ·law, a report on the because of insufficient loan authoriza.tions. number of men on active duty on Decem­ Our request for an allotmel,lt for 1947 has not The Qhaplain, Rev. Peter Marshall, ber 31, 1946, who enlisted or reenlisted in the yet been approved. We have never had too D. D., offered the following prayer: Regular Army after June 1, 1945 (with an much money. There is always a lag between accompanying report); to the Committee on the time you vote the authorization and the Our Father, in the midst of the compli­ Arme(l Services. time we get it spent, but we can't turn a tap cated situations of life and the unsolved until we get the ~uthorization. AUTHORITY To GRANT EASEMENTS IN LANDS TO As to the program being put on a business problems of the world, deliver Thy serv­ ADMINISTRATOR OF VETERANS' AFFAIRS ants from any sense. of futility. Let basis, less than one-half of 1 percent of all A letter from the Administrator, Veterans' REA loans are delinquent, and they are paid them feel the .support of the prayers of Administration, transmitting a draft of pro­ ahead several million dollars. The Govern­ hosts of true patriots throughout this posed legislation to authorize the Adminis­ ment is making enough clear profit on the land and, above all, the uplift of the ever­ trator of Veter;ms' Affairs to grant easements money loaned to us over. cost to the Govern­ lasting arms. Cause them to understand in lands belonging to the. United States under ment to more than cover the cost of. admin­ that God's power has never been ob­ his supervision and control, and for other istration. What could be a better "business structed by difficulties, nor His love lim­ purposes (with an accompanying paper); to basis"? , , ited by the confusion of human plans. the Committee on Finance. Barely, half of the American farms have May the very failure of man's best re­ DISPOSITION OF ExECUTIVE PAPERS electricity today. If ~he agency were elimi­ nated, the program would be wrecked. The sources imp.el us" toward the resources A letter from the Archivist of· the United · biggest . bottleneck today ' is the lack·-of of God Cleanse our hearts of selfish­ States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a list enough REA personnel to keep the acceler- ·ne'ss: Grant· thit all questions immedi­ of papers and documents on the files of sev­ ated work moving. · ately before us may. be made so plain eral departments and agencies of the Govern­ On,e more thing. We don't want the right that we shall have. no forebodings as we ment which are not needed in the conduct of the projects to generate and transmit of business and have no permanent value or their own power destroyed. This right helps make our decision, nor vain-regrets after historical interest, and requesting action it is made. For Jesus' sake. _ Amen. :us get better rates. Also, where power is .looking to their disposition ·(with accom:. available from the .dams, we want the lines TH~ JOuRNAL panying papers); to a Joi·nt Select Committee built to deliver it to us and others. ·On t_he Disposition of Papers in the Executive We exte.nd to you an invitation to 'come . On reque~t of Mr. WHERRY, ~nd by -Departments. · :unanimous. corisent: the reading of the ~ut and yisit us. at your earl~est convenience · The PRESIDENT pro tempore ap­ and see our problems first-hand.- !JCalifornia, Mr. KNowLAND. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM­ They consist of one sentence. each. PE:l'ITION No. 1." We respectfully ask both the House LEAVES OF ABSENCE and the Senate to pass a l!iw to tax unearned Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I present Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I income. for appropriate reference and ask unani­ No. 2. We respectfully ask the Senate to ask unanimous consent to be absent from mous consent to have printed in the establish a luncheon period so. the Senate the Senate beginning next Monday be­ RECORD a letter in the nature of a petition Members will not miss important legislation cause of the fact that I find it necessary by being absent in .the dining ~oom. to go to a hospital for an operation upon from members of the Mountrail Electric Cooperative, Inc., relating to the rural Mr. President, I recall that on various my knee. electrification program. _ . The PRESIDENT pro·tempore. With­ occasions different Members of this out objection, leave is granted the Sena- There being no objection, the letter body have mentioned the question of a tor from Arkansas. · was referred to the Committee on Agri­ luncheon period, and it would seem to Mr. FLANDERS. Mr. President, I ask culture and Forestry and ordered to be me that when, as the result of discussion, unanimous consent to be absent from the printed in the RECORD, as follows: a group in Boise; Idaho-and, I assure Senate on the coming Friday. JANUARY 28, 1947. my colleagues, without any urging from The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Hon. WILLIAM L~NGER, me-have seen fit to address a resolution United States Senator, to the Senate asking that arrangements out objection, leave is granted the Semi­ · Washington, D. C. tor from Vermont. DEAR SENATOR: You have doubtless read be made for a Itincheon period, it is a Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. President, I ask the recent statements of Congressman TAl'lER matter of concern, and must be, through­ unanimous consent to be absent from the with regard to the rural electri~cation pro­ out the count:py generally. Senate Friday of this week and all of gram. He is quoted as saying th~ REA pro­ I subscribe to the idea, Mr. President, next week. gram has been getting three or four times too that arrangements should be made for a The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ much money, that it ought to be put on a definite luncheon period; with the Senate "business basis," and that he sees no need possibly convening earlier irt the morn­ out objection, leave is granted the Sena­ for continuing the Government agency. . tor from Connect~cut~ ipg, anq having a definite time to eat, so This project has 420 miles of line under that Senators may not be necessarily EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. construction, which will serve .approximately 700 members. We hftve 1,300 applicants who absent from the :floor for that purpose. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ want service at once. With the least en­ Matters which come before this body fore the Senate the following letters, couragement we' could have 1,600 applicants, ' are of too grave a Iiature to rec.eivc the Which were referred as indicaled: for we will ultimately serve some _2,000 farm consideration of only a small number of 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 781 the Senators, as is too often the case dur­ By Mr. BUTLER: By Mr. SMITH: ing the period from 12 o'clock to 1:30. S. 498. A bill to amend title III of the S. 514. A bill for the relief of the legal Bankhead-Janes Farm Tenant Act, as guardian of Sylvia De Cicco; to the Commit­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEE ON ARMED amended, to authorize the Secretary of Agri­ tee on the Judiciary. SERVICES culture to sell as expeditiously as possible By Mr. TYDINGS: lands acquired or being administered under S. 515. A bill relating to investment of The following reports of a committee the provisions of said title III to private per­ trust funds in the District of Columbia; to were submitted: sons for purposes not inconsistent with the the Committee on the District of Columbia. By Mr. GURNEY, from the Committee on provisions of the said title III, and for other By Mr. REVERCOMB: Armed Services: purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture S. 516. A bill to -authorize the furnishing S. 220. A bill to authorize the Secretary of and Forestry. of steam from the central heating plant to the Navy to convey to American Telephone & By Mr. BUSHFIELD: the property of the Daughters of the Ameri­ Telegraph Co. an easement for communica­ S. 499. A bill authorizing the issuance of can Revolution, and for other purposes; to tion purposes in certain lands situated in a. patent in fee to Mrs. Bessie TWo Elk-Poor the Committee on Public Works. Virginia and Maryland; with an amendment Bear; and · By Mr. MYERS: (Rept. No. 13); B. 500. A bill authorizing the issuance bf a S. 517. A b111 to amend the Civil Service S. 221. A bill to authorize the Secretary of patent in fee to Tom Eagleman; to the Com­ Retirement Act, approved May 29, 1930, as the Navy to grant and convey to the Virginia mittee on Public Lands. amended; to the Committee on Civil Service. Electric & Power Co. a perpetual easement in By Mr. WILEY: s. 518. A bill to amend the Nationality Act tw0 strips of land comprising portions of the S. 501. A bill for the relief of Anna Soucek; of 1940 to preserve the nationality of citizens Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Va., and for to the Committee on the Judiciary. who were unable to return to the United other purposes; without amendment (Rept. By Mr. WILEY (by request): States prior to October 14, 1946; and No. 14); S. 502. A bill to amend the Federal Fire­ S. 519. A bill for the relief of T. A. Con­ S. 231. A bill to authorize the Secretary of arms Act; to the Committee on the Judiciary. nelly; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Navy to grant to the city of San Diego a. (Mr. WILEY (for himself and Mr. REVER­ By Mr. BALDWIN (by request): right-of-way over land owned by the United COMB) introduced Senate bill 503, to establish S. 520. A bill to provide for the furnishing States within the limits of Camp Gillespie, and effectuate a policy with respect to the of necessary fixtures and equipment by the San Diego County, Calif.; without amend­ creation or chartering of certain corporations Post Office Department at post offices of the ment (Rept. No. 15); by act of Congress, and for other purposes, third and fourth classes; to the Committee B. 234. A bill to authorize the Secretary which was referred to the Committee on the on Civil Service. of the Navy to .convey to the Central of Judiciary, and appears under a separate By Mr. McMAHON: Georgia Railway ·co. an easement for railway heading.) S. 521. A bill to permit the naturalization purposes in certain Government-owned of Sang Hun Shim; to the Committee on the By Mr. GURNEY: Judiciary. lands situated in Bibb County, Ga.; with an S. 504. A bill to r~vise the Medical De­ amendment (Rept. No. 16); partment of the Army and for other pur­ By Mr. FERGUSON: B. 235. A bill to authorize the Secretary of S. 522. A bill to authorize the sale of cer­ poses; and tain lands of the L'Anse Band of Chippewa the Navy to convey to the city of Los Angeles, S. 505. A bill to authorize the Secretary Calif., an easement for construction and op­ Indians, Michigan; to the Committee on of the Navy to grant to the county of Pitts­ Public Lands. eration of a storm drain in and under certain burg, Okla., a perpetual easement for the Government-owned lands situated in that ·By Mr. FERGUSON (for himself, Mr. construction, maintenance, and operation of HATCH, and Mr. KILGORE) : city; :without amendment (Rept. No. 17); a public highway over a portion of the and · S. 523. A bill to incorporate the American United States Naval Ammunition Depot, Mc­ Veterans' Committee; to the Committee on S. 276. A bill to provide for payment and Alester, Okla.; to the Committee on Armed -settlement of mileage and other travel al­ the Judiciary. Services. By Mr. FULBRIGHT: lowance accqunts of military personnel; By Mr. STEWART (for Mr. KILGORE): without amendmen~ (Rept. No. 18). S. J. Res. 57. Joint resolution to provide S. 506. A bill for the relief of Jacob Reder for recognition of the State of .Arkansas as a BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS and Erna Marcelina Frenkel Reder; to the community property State for Federal in­ INTRODUCED Committee on the Judiciary. come-tax purposes; to the Committee on By Mr. CAIN: Finance . . Bills and joint resolutions were intro­ S. [07. A bill to ame:.._...l the act of Feb­ (Mr. ROBERTSON of Wyoming intrcduced duced, read the first time, and, by unani­ ruary 12, 1925, and for other purposes; to Senate Joint Resolution 58, to extend the mous consent, the second time, and re­ the Committee on Public Lands. powers and authorities under certain stat­ ferred as follows: . By Mr. YOUNG (for himself, Mr. KIL­ utes with respect to the distribution and (Mr. FUI.JBRIGHT (for himself and Mr. . GORE, and Mr. MoORE): pricing of sugar, and for other purposes, .AIKEN) introduced Senate bill 493, to pro­ s. 508. A bill to amend the Social Security which was referred to the Committee on vide for the coordination of agencies dis­ Act, as amended, for the purpose of per­ Banking and CUrrency, and appears under a seminating technological and scientific in­ mitting States, and political subdivisimajor war and to confer connection with the joint resolution be tutions for the purpose of financing the con­ upon Army ofllcers rights already granted printed in. the RECORD. struction of domiclllary facilities for the aged Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and Coast The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The ·and the blind; to the Committee on Banking and · Geodetic Survey officers; to the Com­ bill introduced by the Senator from Ar­ and Currency, mittee on Armed Services . . kansas (for himself and Mr. AIKEN). will · 782 ' CON.GRESSrONAL RECORIT-SENAT:E FEBRUARY 5· be received and appropriately ·referred ment of seientific and technical services by DISTRIBUTION AND .PRICING OF. SUGAR private persons · and by State and local in­ ahd, without objection, the joint release Mr. ROBERTSON of Wyoming . .Mr. will be printed in the RECORD. stitutions." . The basic purpose of the bil~ is to bring President, I introduce for appropriate The bill (S. 493) to provide for the co­ Government-sponsored research and develop­ referince a joint resolution to permit the ordination of agencies disseminating ment to contemplated projects where Gov­ extension of sugar rationing and alloca­ technological and scientific information, ernment assistance or participation is es­ tions until March 31, 1948. and for the more efficient and orderly sential to speedily bridging the gap between I do not have to tell the Senate that I administration of a program to make the previous development and widespread public am as anxious as anyone to see the erid discoveries of engineers; inventors, scien­ benefit. . A similar measure was introduced in the of all controls-particularl'y ·on food­ tists, and technicians more readily avail­ last Congress by Senator Fulbright (S. 1248). stuff-and I am satisfied when there is able to American industry and business, Invitations to testify or comment on the pro­ a normal supply that a continuation of and for other purposes, introduced by visions of the bill at that ·time were sub.: controls is harmful and definitely a re-. Mr. FULBRIGHT (for himself and Mr. mitted to interested research and trade as­ straint to trade. However, in the case Al:KEN) was read twice by its title, and sociations, publications, patent. attorneys, of sugar it is different. · · referred to the Committee on Expendi­ chambers of commerce, and other business, In World ·w-ar I when controls were tures in the Executive Departments. farm, and veterans' organizations. The testi­ mony was generally favorable as regards both taken off, the price of sugar increased The joint release presented by Mr. the bill's general objectives and its special four times the normal amount, and this FULBRIGHT (for himself and Mr. AIKEN) provisions as incorporated by the committee high price brought in ·great shipments is as follows: after hearings. The bill, was reported to the of sugar from all over the world. But Senators J. W. FULBRIGHT and GEORGE D. Senate during the last Congress by a unani­ today, this cannot happen, and there is AIKEN today introduced a bill providing for mous vote (Senate Report 908). The bill has no comparison between our present sugar the orderly administration of a program to been further revised to conform to existing situation and the events I have just make the discoveries of engineers, inventors, practices within the Department of Commerce scientists, and technicians more readily with a view to utilizing all available techni­ mentioned. Today there is no sugar available to American industry and business, cal information and coordinate agency activi­ anywhere in the world that is not already particularly to small enterprise. It pr?vides ties in a program for the benefit of American earmarked, allocated, and sold. No a peacetime charter for a businessmen's . industry. matter how high the price of sugar might clearinghouse of technical inform~tlon, by CREATION OR CHARTERING OF 9ERTAIN · go, it would not bring us any more sugar authorizing the Department of Commerce CORPORATIONS because there. is no more sugar to come to continue certain services which_ have· been. into this country from. any-place in the-.-· tested by wartime and postwar· experience. Mr. WILEY .. Mr. President,.on behalf.. world. Lac&:--· of ·Government controt and feund to be needed and demanded by of the Senator from .West Virginia [Mr. would only cause higher priees:and great American business. REVERCOMBl and myself, I introduce for More than ever before, leadership in in­ confusion with trre· small users losing. appropriate reference a bill which would The joint resolution I am introducing dustry and business depends upon ·leader­ establish and effe-ctuate a policy with re­ ship in technology and, with rising prices, continues the control of allocating and the preservation of the American standards spect to the creation or chartering of pricing of sugar until March 31, i948, of living depends upon the ability of indus­ certain corporations by act of Congress, under the Secretary of Agriculture, who, try to reduce its cost through the application and for other purposes. however, has the privilege of taking off of technological development, and the de­ The purpose of the bill is to establish any part or all of these controls ·at any velopment of new techniques. Yet, perhaps, a congressional policy with respect to time in his judgmeqt when the supplies never has it been so difficult as now for the the creation or chartering of a private of sugar are sufficient to provide for or­ average small manufacturer to keep pace corporation by act of Congress, and to with technology. The bill is designed to derly marketing. meet this situation, molding existing Gov­ provide for the effectuation of the policY This resolution does a~ay With all ernment facilities into a technical service to · so established. OPA and executive department controls, business, and providing small business in Corporations wholly owned or con­ placing the responsibility in the Depart­ particular with access to the latest technolog­ trolled, or to be wholly owned or con­ ment of Agriculture without creating any ical developments. trolled, by the United States or a de­ new positions or employees. Through channels which the businessman partment or agency thereof, are .specifi­ has long used in securing data on foreign In a few weeks the War Control Acts cally exempt from. the operation of the will expire and this legislation must be and domestic markets ~ he will obtain, with bill. minimum effort and confusion, technical in­ passed quickly to prevent the confusion formation originating in all Government de­ A subcommittee of the Committee on I have indicated. It is my sincere hope partments. In addition to providing for the Judiciary held extensive hearings on that the controls on sugar can be taken utilization of current Government-sponsored this matter during the Seventy-ninth off before the end of 1947, but in the techiwlogy, the bill authorizes the continued Congress, and upon a favorable report meantime, I believe the legislation I am coordination and dissemination of the back­ by the subcommittee, the full committee now proposing is absolutely necessary. log of information concerning wartime de­ made an intensive study of the purposes velopments both at home and abroad, as mili­ Practically all elements in the sugar of the bill, and reported. it favorably to field are favoring .this extension. · . tary security permits. Despite the relatively the Senate, with the result that it passed insignificant research directed toward civil­ Unless some such legislation 'as this is ian industrial problems, all phases of gov­ the Senate unanimously on June 14, 1946. enacted, sugar rationing will end with ernmental research, including purely military Since that was so near the close of the the termination of the . Second War development, have resulted in products and session, the Ho.use of Representatives processes which should be made readily avail­ Powers Act on March 31, 1947. With the was unable to take any action. existing world shortage, which cannot be able to industry, bringing about wider public The similar bill on which hearings were use with fuller commercial exploitation. relieved until another sugar crop is har­ Especially during the war, Government com­ held in the Seventy-ninth Congress· was vested, the housewife would have to bid mitments for research increased rapidly and introduced by the Senators from West competitively for her sugar against all unless some means is. found to effect a broad Virginia [Mr. REVERCOMB- and. Mr. KIL- _ industrial consumers. ·· as well as other dissemination of -such technical knowledge.. GORE]. I had hoped that the senior Sen­ nations of the world, and prices might as can be released to the public this wealth ator from West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE] of technological data will be lost, the average well rise to very great heights. ·would be on the floor at this time so I The joint resolution (S. J. Res. 58) to businessman denied the opportunity to use could ask him to join in tl}.e introduc­ the results of research for which he pays the extend the powers and authorities under bill as a taxpayer. tion of the bill. I think it is important certain statutes with respect to the dis­ Other sections of the bill provide for basic that the bill I now introduce be referred tribution and pricing· of sugar, and for technical aids and services to businessmen to the Committee on the Judiciary ;:~.t this other purposes, introduced by Mr. RoB­ and inventors, extends the present authoriza­ time. ERTSON of Wyoming, was read twice by its tion of certain funds for research and de­ The bill World War I and material comprising more than 80 percent commanded aviation forces on Guadal­ of the value.' Wholesale price paid by retailer-- W 96. 00 "(b) The amendment made by subsection I canal and other areas in the Pacific dur­ (a) shall take effect on the 15th ,·ay follow­ R~~~~~~~ -~~=~~:-~~-~r-~~~-~ :~-~-e~~- ~ 32. 00 ing World War II. Later General Geiger ·ing the date of enactment of this act." Retail price paid by consumer___ 120 128.00 commanded ground forces and after the Plus 20 percent tax ______------25.60 death, in action, of Lieutenant General The joint statement presented by Mr. WILEY (for himself and Mr. McCARTHY) Price paid by consumer, includ- Buckner of the Army on Okinawa, Gen­ ing tax ______------153.60 eral Geiger took command of the Tenth is as follows: Army and completed the conquest of the JOINT STATEMENT BY MR. WILEY AND MR. M'CARTHY Here we have exactly the same cost, except island. for a $5 better fur set costing the co:rw;umer Few men, even in the glorious history Section 2401 of the Revenue Act of 1941 as $33.60 more. In fact, the tax amounts to of the fighting Marine Corps, can equal .amended by the Revenue Act of 1943, has more than the cost of the fur set. It is the splendid combat record of this grand brought about a discrimination against the obvious why the consumers are not inter­ old fighter. use of better quality furs for trimming of ested in this article. cloth garments. This factor is forcing a liq­ But that is not the only discriminatory . His record through the years has been uidation of the fur-farming industry. a shining example to young and old alike factor. By reason of the tax differential, the Our high-quality furs are produced on fur retailer is taking a higher mark-up on un­ of this Nation, and his untimely death farms, our main products being silver fox and taxable garments, and therefore is not inter­ has been mourned in every branch of the mink. The entire production of silver fox ested in buying or handling taxable mer­ service. and 70 percent of all mink are raised on chandise. Mr. President, I wish to point out that, farms. The market for these articles is con­ The net result of the excise tax on fur­ if ·made, the advancement requested in .fined to two sourc-es. Approximately 65 per­ trimmed coats is: cent of all silver foxes and 20 percent of all (a) The consumer is paying more for 8. this joint resolution would involve no mink are only suitable for use as trimming additional expense to the Government. cheap article. on cloth garments. The balance is used in (b) The Government is collecting little, the manufacture of fur garments. , The joint resolution Miami, Fla., December 6, 1946, or creed. mestic violence. which appears in the Appendix.] 6. The right to freedom of expression, of 8. The right to watch over, stimulate, re­ NATIONAL DEFENSE AND NATIONAL REP­ information, and of communication in ac­ strain, and order the private activities of UTATION-ADDRESS BY HON. WILLIAM cordance with truth and justice. individuals and groups in the degree that is BENTON 7. The right to choose and freely to main­ necessary for the common good. tain a state of life, married or single, lay: or 9. The right to regulate operations of in­ [Mr. FULBRIGHT asked and obtained religious. t.ernational economic groups functioning ·leave to have printed in the RECORD an ad­ 8. The right to education suitable for the within its own boundaries. dress entitled "National Defense and Na­ maintenance and development of man's dig­ 10. The right to adopt in time of emer­ tional Reputation," delivered by Hon. Wil­ nit y as a human person. gency special measures necessary for the liam Benton, Assistant- Secretary of State, 9. The right to petition the government common good. before the Twenty-first Women's Patriotic Conference on National Defense, at Wash­ for redress of grievances. · PART IV. THE RIGHTS OF STATES IN THE ington, D. C., January 25, 1947, which ap­ 10. The right to a nationality. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY pears in the Appendix.] 11. The .right of access to the means of The human family constitutes an organic livelihood by migration when necessary. unity or a world society. ARKANSAS STATE SYMPHONY 12. The right of association and peaceable The states of the world have the right and ORCHESTRA . assembly. the duty to associate and to organize in the [Mr. FULBRIGHT asked and obtained 13. The right to work and choose one's i_nternational community for their common leave to have printed in the RECORD an ar­ occupation. welfare. ticle· entitled "Founding a State Orchestra," 14. The right to personal ownership, use,· · The indispensable foundation of all peace­ published in the Musical Courier, December and disposal of property subject to the rights ful intercourse among nations and an essen­ 1946 issue, which appears in the Appen­ of others ·and to limitations in the interest of tial condition of juridical relations among dix.] the general welfare. them are common trust and· respect for the· 15. The right to a living wage. pligb.ted word. Treaties .and agreem~nts REPORT' ON THOMAS JEFFERSON 16. The right to collective bargaining. must not be considered subject to arbitrary MEMORIAL FOR 1946 17. The right to associate by industries unilateral · repudiation. and profes$ions to obtain economic justice ·. Every state has certain fundamental rights [Mr. THOMAS of Utah asked and obtained and. the general welfare. ln the international community. leave to have printed in the . RECORD a re­ : Among these rights are: port on the Thomas Jefferson Memorial for 18. The right to ·assistance from society, if 1946, prepared by A. E. Demaray, director necessary. from the state, in distress of per- 1. The right to exist as ·a member of the and " ex~c~tiv,e age1.1t for the . Thomas Jef­ lion or fa?lily. · · · international community . an~ to be pro­ tected in its · national life and integrity ferson Memorial Commission, which appears :PART II. 'THE JUGHTS PERTAINING TO THE FAMILY against acts· of aggression by any other~ state in the · Appendix.] · The family is the natural and fundamental or states. group unit of society and is endowed by the LABOR PROBLEMS-EOITORIAL FROM - 2. The right to independence in the deter­ THE NEW YORK POST Creator with inalienable rights antecedent to ... mination of its own domestic and foreign all positive law. The family does not exist policies in accordance with the principles of , [Mr. THOMAS ·of Utah asked and obtained ' for the state, but on the other hand is not morality, and subject to the obligations of leave to have printed in the RECORD an edi­ independent. international law. · torial entitled "From Truce to Peace,'' pub­ Among these rights are: - 3. The right to juridical equality with lished in the New York Post of January 29, . 1. The right to marry, to establish a home other states in the family of nations. 1947, which appears in the Appendix.] and beget children. 4. The right· to membership in the organ­ 2. The right to economic security suftlcient PROPAGANDA BUDGET OF NATIONAL ized international community and to the ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTUPERS for the stability and independence of the beneft ~ of international cooperation. family .. 5. -The right to the assistance of the in­ [Mr. TAYLOR asked an.d obtained leave to 3. The right to the protection of ma­ ternational community in securing the ful­ have printed iR the RECORD an article, NAM ternity. fillment of the terms of a just treaty or Plans $4,700,000 Fund for Propaganda in 4. The right to educate the children. agreemen ... 1947, appearing in the Farmers Union Her­ 5. The right to maintain, if necessary by 6. The right to obtain from the interna­ ald of South St. Paul, Minn., of January 17, · public prot~ction and assistance, adequate tional community redress of grievances aris­ 1946, which appears in the Appendix.] standards of child welfare within· the family ing from unjust treaties imposed by force. circle. 7. The right to the revision of treaties DEMOCRATIC PARTY HOPE-LETTER PUB- 6. The right to assistance, through com­ which are no longer in accord with funda- !·ISHED IN WASHINGTON POST munity services in the education and care of mental justice. . lMr. MORSE asked and obtained leave to the children. 8 . ...,he right to recourse .. ' the procedures have printed in the RECORD a letter pub­ 7. The right to· housing adapted to the of pacific settlement established by the in­ lished in the ·.vashington Post of February 5, needs and functions of family life. ternational community for disputes which 1947, under the heading "Democratic Party 8. The right to immunity of the home diplomatic negotiations have failed to settle. hope,'' which appears in the Appendix.] from search and trespass. 9. The right to maintain political, eco­ 9. The right to protection against immoral nomic, and social intercourse with other The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The conditions in the community. States upon equal terms. routine morning business is· concluded. 10. The right of access, upon equal terms, :PART m. THE DOMESTIC RIGHTS OF STATES to-the markets and raw materials of·the world REPORT OF PRESIDENT ON ACTIVITIES OF Political authority is entrusted by Gotl to necessary for its own life as a people. UNITED NATIONS nations, which are endowed with rights and 11. T .....e right to protect its own natural The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ charged with the obligation of establishing resources and economic life from unjust ex­ fore the Senate a message from the Presi­ justice, of promoting the general welfare of ploitation. their citizens,- and of cooperating with other 12. The rigllt to the assistance of the in­ dent of the United States, which was nations in furthering the universal welfare ternational community in time of economic read, and, with the accompanying report, of mankind. or social di~tress. referred to the Committee on Foreign It is the right of all peoples that are 13. The right to grant asylum to refugees Relations. capable of self-government to organize po..: from injustice. lltically and to function as state& upon equal (For President's message, see today's terms with other states. ADDRESS BY SENATOR LUCAS ON PRO­ proceedings of the House of Representa­ Among these rights are: POSED REDUCTION OF TAXES tives on p. 803.) 1. The right to enact just laws binding in [Mr. McMAHON asked and obtained leave PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION conscience. to have printed in the RECORD a radio address 2. The right to establish courts of justice entitled "Can Taxea Be Reduced?" delivered The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ and to enforce the observance of law with by Senator LucAs on January 31, 1947, '\"lhich fore the Senate a communication from adequate sanctions. appears in the Appendix.) the President of the United States, which XCill--50 786 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 5 was ·read and referred to the Committee sioh, and objects to his appointment, Mr. Stain in his letter should be used,. on Rules and Administration, as follows: then the person so appointed must not it is easy to see to what extent the tax THE WHITE HOUSE, be confirmed by the Senate. base would be narrowed. Washington, February 5, 1947. Mr. President, the appointments to I ask unanimous consent to have the Bon. ARTHUR H. VANDENBERG, membership on th.i... Commission are entire letter printed in the RECORD at President of the Senate pro tempore, probably the most important that have this point as a part of my remarks. United. St ates Senate, Washington, come to the Senate of the United States There being no objection, the letter D.C. at any time in its history. If Senators was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: On June 19, 1945, I sent a message to the Congress of the have a doubt as to the Americanism or as follows: United States suggesting that the Congress the good faith cr the sincerity or patriot­ CONGRESS OF THE UmTED should give its consideration to the question ism of anyone appointed to be a mem­ STATES, JOINT COMMITTEE ON of the Presidential succession. ber of the Commission, he should not be INTERNAL REVENUE TAXATION, In that message, it was pointed out that confirmed. Washington, January 29, 1947. under the existing statute governing the I should like to have Senators give Hen. WALTER F. GEORGE, succession to the office of President, members these thoughts most careful considera­ United States Senat e, of the Cabinet successively fill the office in Washington, D. C. the event of the death of the elected Presi­ tion in deliberating on the membership DEAR SENATOR GEORGE: In accordance With dent and Vice President. It was further of this Commission. your recent request, I am submitting the pointed out that, in effect, the present law It seems to me that even Senator following revenue estimat es as to various t ax gives to me the power to nominate my im­ ought to realize that involved in this plans: · mediate successor in the event of my own matter is a fight between Russian com­ Increase per capita exemptions from $500 death or inability to act. munism on one side and pure, unadul­ to $600. I said then, and I repeat now, that in a Number of taxpayers rei:noved from rolls, terated Americanism on the other. 2,917,000. democracy, this· power should not rest with Those who believe in Russian com­ the Chief Executive. I believe that, insofar Loss in revenue, $1,500,000,000. as possible, the office of the President should munism over pure Americanism will no Increase per capit a exemption from $500 to doubt vote for these nominees. Tqose $700. be filled by an elective officer. Number of taxpayers removed from rolls, In the message of June 19, 1945, I recom­ of us who believe that any of these mended that the Congress enact legislation nominees are tinctured with communism 9,860,000. Loss in revenue, $3,000,000,000. placing the Speaker of the House of Repre­ will vote against the confirmation of Increase per capita exemption from $500 to sentatives first in order of succession, and if such nominees. $800. there were no Speaker, or if he failed to Number of taxpayers removed from rolls, qualify, that the President pro tempore of REVENUE ESTIMATES UNDER TAX­ REDUCTION PROPOSALS 10,000,000. the Senat e should act until a duly qualified Loss in revenue, $3,900,000,000. Speaker was elect ed. Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, in view Increase exemptions as follows: A bill (H. R. 3587) providing for this suc­ of the fact that tax reduction may be­ Married persons from $1,000 to $2,000. cession was introduced in the House of Rep­ Single persons from $500 to $1,000. resentatives and was passed by the House on come an issue at this session of the Con­ gress, I have requested .1.-Jir . Starn, chief Leave dependency credit at $500. June 29, 1945. It failed, however, to pass Loss in revenue, $5,022,000,000. the Senate. of the staff o ~ the Joint Committee o~ Number of taxpayers removed from the The same need, for a revision of the law Internal Revenue, to furnish certain in­ r.olls, 18,319,000. of succession, that existed when I sent the formation, and I ask that his letter may Increase exemptions as follows: message to the Congress on June 19, 1945, still be printed in the RECORD for the infor­ Single persons, $750. exists today. mation of the Senate. Married persons, $750. I see no reason to change or amend the I invite attention to the following in­ Dependents, $375. suggestion which I previously made to the Loss in revenue, $3,084,000,000. Congress, but if the Congress is not disposed formation contained in the letter: Number of taxpayers removed from rolls, to pass the type of bill previously passed In accordance with your recent request, I 9 ,000,00q. -by the House, then I recommend that some am submitting the following revenue esti­ Aside from the revenue problems involved, other plan of succession be devised so that mates as to various tax plans: any change from the per capita system would the office of the President would be filled by Increase per capita exemptions from $500 necessarily complicate the forms, instruc­ an officer who holds his position as a result to $600. tions, and the withholding tables. With t.he of the expression of the will of the voters Number of taxpayers removed from rolls, cont inuation of a broad base, which is now of this country. 2,917,000. aromid 45,000,000 taxpayers, it is necessary It is my belief that the present line of Loss in revenue, $1,500,000,000. that the tax computations be made simple, succession as provided by the eXisting stat­ Increase per capita exemption from $500 to and, under the present law, the taxes of the ute, which was enacted in 1886, is not in $700. wage earners In the lower groups are com­ accord with our basic concept of govern­ Number of taxpayers removed from rolls, puted by the collector. Under any new sys­ ment by elected representatives of the peo­ 9,860,000. tem, the collector would be required to check ple. Loss in revenue, $3,000,000,000. the exemption values to see whether proper I again urge the Congress to give its at­ Increase per capita exemption from $500 values were assigned single persons, married tention to this subject. to $800. persons, or dependents. Additional com­ Very sincerely yom·s, Number of ·taxpayers removed from rolls, putations would also be required of the tax­ HARRY S. TRUMAN. 10,000,000. payer with greater possibility of error. Now, that the taxpayer has become familiar with NOMINATIONS TO THE ATOMIC ENERGY Loss in revenue, $3,900,000,000. Increase exemptions as follows: the per capita system, and the system tn the COMMISSION Married persons from $1,000 to $2,000. collectors' offices is .now geared to that sys-: Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, the - Single persons from $500 to $1,000. tern, it would cause added ronfusion to Atomic Energy Commission is so impor­ Leave. dependency credit at $500. change over to another system . . Loss in revenue, $5,022,000,000. Respectfully yours, tant that not only the American Gov­ Number of taxpayers removed from the COLIN F. STAM, ernment's very existence a.S a nation but rolls, 18,319,000. Chief Of Staff. that of the American people as 'indi­ Increase exemptions as follows: THE CLOSED ~OP-EDITORIAL FROM viduals depends · upon the secret and Single persons, •750. careful use and unhampered American Married persons, $750. MEDFORD (OREG.) MAIL-TRIBUNE development of ·atomic energy. It is_ Dependents, $375. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I · ask vital, therefore, that those appointed as Loss in revenue, $3.08.,000,000. unanimous consent to have printed in members of the Commission be the Number of taxpayers removed from rolls, the body of the REcORD as a part of my safest, wisest, -and most genuine Ameri­ 9,000,000. remarks-because I wish to be associated cans in the Nati(Jn, wholl;- unaffected Mr. President, it may be recalled that with the contents of the editorial-an with any foreign likes or dislikes, and at the time of the passage of the 1945 act; editorial entitled "More About the Closed uninfluenced by any sympathy for any which actually occurred early in 1946, Shop" published in the"Medford oil ted to the Commis- if any one of the methods disc~ssed by as follows: 1947 CONGREBSTONAL · RECURD-SENA TE " 787

MORE ABOUT THE CLOSED SHOP . If he ·wants neither, then he will have to other Republicans that this be done. But In a. very long and thoughtful editorial re­ find a place to work outside of a union a;nd Senator AIKEN is apparently under suspicion garding the closed shop the Portland Ore­ a place to live-or hold property-outside of as being almost too judicial. Senator gonian concludes, among other things, that a city. BREWSTER, of Maine, who seems not to be it cannot-we quote: We are not trying, however, to uphold the similarly suspect, is the chairman of the "With good moral or poiitical conscience "closed shop" an principle. We are merely special committee. endorse the principle of the closed shop, for trying to give a picture of this problem as we The Democrats may be pardoned if they it believes that the right to work is at least see it today rather than as it is so often por- fear that this investigation has some con­ as sacred as the right to strike • • •. The trayed by those who oppose it. nection with next year's Presidential cam- closed shop is morally incompatible with a As far as the Mail-Tribune is concerned- paign. It will have such a connectio~. no system of government which guarantees the as haa been stated before-we are against matter what happens. But if the Republi­ freedom of the individual." both prohibition and compulsion as far as the cans wish to make political capital with fair­ Well, that is a pretty strong argument closed shop is concerned. When labor and minded people they will not go on a witch against the closed shop, and from the stand­ management want a closed shop we believe hunt; they will conduct a scrupulously fair- point of theory might be termed quite con­ . there should be no law preventing it. And minded inquiry. vincing. when. they both want an open shop there msPLACED -PERSON8=-EDITOR1AL ~ ·- ' But just what does· it add up to from a should be no law preventing that. WASHINGTON POST practical, coldly realistic standpoint? Until some system of labor courts are es- Is it really true, for example, that, under tablished there should be no compulsory or Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask conditions as they exist today, the right of. prohibitory labor laws whatever. unanimous consent to have printed in the individual to work is denied by the closed Labor and management should be entirely the body of thE. RECORD as a part of my shop? We think not. free to bargain as they wish and select any remarks an editCJrial entitled "DP's," He can't work in a closed shop unless he system of shop control they may consider published in the Washington Pt)st of Feb- joins the union. But he can work in an open mutually satisfactory. · shop. And according to the latest statistics, When, however, in a vital industry where ruary 4, 1947. I urgr Members of the there is not a trade in existence which is the welfare of the country becomes involved, Senate to read the editorial. It very 100 percent unionized. just what management or just what labor largely confirms my own observations . So that statement that the right of work · prefers shoul-d not tlien we believe be the · during the months of November and is denied is not factually correct.• first consideration. . December of a number of DP camps in As long as there are "closed" and "open" The first consideration should be the public Germany. · • shops operating in this country-as lol:\g as welfare, and. maintaining it. There being no objection, the editorial the former is not mandatory and the latter And there should be some authority-we - not prohibited-it can't truthfully be said don't care,precisely how it might be organ- was ordered, to be printed in the RECORD, an individual has to join a union to get work. ized or _what it might be .called-.but .. some . as. follows:· There are over 50,000,000 workers in the authority which could step in when the· two. DP'!f United States today, and al'most all of them interested pa:t;ties cannot agree, and a tie·up Secretary Marshall · has told the Jewish are now employed. Yet only a compara­ is threatened, and tell both sides what to do, Labor Committee that he has a special con­ tively small percentage belong to unions. so that the vital industry may continue to cern for the million displaced persons in the Which means literally millions of nonunion function and the people of the country need western zones of Germany. It is no reflection men and women must be gainfully employed not suffer. upon our new Secretary of State to say that today. R. W.R. these people have been almost buried in such That is the situation as it actually exists. ACTIVITIES OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO sentiments. Action has become the only test We don't deny labor leaders want all the INVESTIGATE THE NATIONAL DEFENSE of special concern. B~ the end of June workers and shops unionized, and are striv­ UNRRA will be withdrawn from the job of ing toward that end. But until that is· ac­ PROGRAM- EDITORIAL .FROM NEW supervising the DP camps. In its place there complished it can't be claimed the sacred YORK TIMES will be the new International Refugee Or­ right to work for those who wish to work is Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask ganization set up 3 months ago by the United denied. It may be harder for a non'tmion unanimous consent to have printed in the Nations Assembly. But the task of getting worker to get work, but it certainly is not the IRO under way is proceeding at a snail's impossible. body of the RECORD as a part of my re­ pace. Even Great Britain, which has been Now as to the freedom of the individual. marks an -editorial entitled "Witch Hunt in the van in championing the cause of the Let us suppose, for the sake of argument, or Inquiry?" published in the New York refugee, has not yet seen :fit to sign the IRO John Doe takes a job and buys a suburban Ti.mes of February 3, 1947. The edi ... cons '~ itution. To be sure, there are enough lot at the same time. For the latter he gives torial deals with the activities of the signers to enable the United Nations to set money; for the former, sklll and training. Senate Special Committee To Investigate up an interim organization, but the laggard­ Soon after he takes the job he is asked to the National Defense Program. liness of some of the nations does not augur join the union and pay dues; and about the There being no objection, the editorial well for t..,_e success of the undertaking. same time his suburban lot is taken into the The displaced persons in. 'Germany are of city, and he is asked to pay city taxes and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, all nationalities, including even American. perhaps certain special assessments for i!ll­ as follows: In numerical strength the Baits and the provements. WITCH HUNT OR INQUIRY? Pol.es are first and second, '~"espectively. The There is no doubt of this. The Senate War Investigating Committee, Jews, with almost 200,000, are third. A mis­ The union has raised the standardS of reconstituted by an almost solid party vote, conception to which Secretary Marshall un;.. labor immeasurably, the benefits that labor is settling down for what promises to be a wittingly lent countenance when he expressed enjoys, and therefore the value of the job prolonged inquiry into excessive profits, fraud, his special concern to the Jewish Labor John Doe has taken. - corruption, waste; extravagance, mismanage­ Committee is that the DP's are ah Jews. The There is also no doubt the improvements ment, incompetence, and inefficiency, in the only common denominator among them is involved in becoming a part of the city­ home-front conduct of the Second World their objection to life under totalitarian rule, sewer, paving, lights, fire and police protec­ War. Its :first session, in Washington on Fri­ Fascist or Communist. All they ask is that tion, etc.-have greatly increased the value day, emphasized its partisan character. Jts they may be permitted to start life anew lL of John's suburban property. Republican majority on that day met and a. free cou:"'ltry. It was out of this material But let us assume further that John Doe heard the first witness nearly an hour before that the New World was created. Surely doesn't like either idea. floor leader BARKLEY, according to his own this love of freedom should warm our hearts He is, let us say, a rugged individualist. statement, knew "who was going to compose to these unfortunate folk. He wants to preserve his sacred f,reedom both the minority membership of the committee." It is untrue to suggest that they all want as far as joining a union and paying city There was an explanation. The witness in to come to America. None of the Jews have taxes are concerned. Why should he be question, Brig. Gen. Maurice Hirsch, Chair­ any such desire. They all want to go to forced to join a union and pay union dues if man of the War Contracts Price Adjustment Palestine, and 100,000 .or' them could have he doesn't wish to? Why, by thfl same token, Board, was in a hurry. He was retiring from been accommodated if the British had ac­ should he be forced to become a city resident the Army Friday night and going on a honey­ cepted, without the fatal equivocation that and pay city taxes, if he doesn't wish to? moon trip. Still, this was not an auspicious encouraged the Arabs, the recommendation Well, the answer in both instances is he beginning for an inquiry which can be of of the Anglo-American Committee on Pales­ can't be. value only if it is judicial. tine set up at the instance of the British No city can force a property owner to pay The Republican majority did not go out of GoV'ernment. The ot9.ers are ready to go taxes, no union can force a worker to join a its way even to seem judicial. If it had fol­ anywhere except to despot lands. union and pay dues. lowed the spirit, if not the letter, of the Con­ It is a sign of moral decline that the con­ But in both instances John can't have his gressional Reorganization Act, it would have science that these people display is regarded cake and eat it, too. He can't enjoy the· bene­ referred the investigation to the regular Com­ with suspicion. The fear is that maybe they fits of union membership, nor the benefits of mittee on Ex:ttenditures in the Executive De­ would turn out to be agitators. No investi­ a city residence unless he shares the expenses partments. Senator AIKEN, of Vermont, gation warrants any feeling that agitation is and responsib1lities of them. chairman. of this committee;·.vote'd with thr-ee - their- stock in trade. The fact· is that in 788 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 5 these displaced camps all the skills and crafts The Chief Clerk read the nomination on the 17th day of January past, the in the calendar are represented. If a new of Dillon S. Myer, of Ohio, to be Ad­ latest declaration of Republican policy country wants doctors and dentists, it will ministrator of the United States Housing on Germany and the forces making for find them among these folk. If an old coun­ try is lacking !arm workers and miners, the Authority. peace or war. camps are a source of supply. And they are The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there I rise to discuss this important pro­ all eager to work. If, of course, they are objection .to the present consideration nouncement of Republican foreign policy left idle !or too long a period, they may turn of the nomination? by Mr. Dulles not in the mechanical out to be unemployable, though we doubt Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, as I terms of a soft peace or a hard peace this in the case of these sturdy and ·inde­ understand, this nomination had pre­ for Germany. My concern is a just pendent people, for the camps (as we have viously been placed on the calendar, and peace, and a lasting peace, a pe.ace that seen for ourselves) are run by the DP's them­ selves, and the first rule is that no drones had then been recommitted to the Sen­ will insure that ~e next generation of are tolerated. It is one of the ironies of the ate Committee on Banking and Cur­ Americans will not have to slog through times that Britain and other countries of rency. the muddy fields of another Flanders, as western Europe are complaining of a labor Mr. TOBEY. I will explain the mat­ did their grandfathers in 1918, or dive shortage when there is this reservoir of labor ter if the Senator will permit. into the same foxholes in Normandy at hand in the DP camps. Mr. WHERRY. Reserving the right which sheltered their fathers in 1944. The special concern vf the Unit-ed States to object, I ask for an explanation. It is then from the standpoint of a should be expressed in action in conformity with our traditions and our necessities. This Mr. TOBEY. The nomination of Mr. just and lasting peace that I must take' ts still the land of the free, where men have Dillon S. Myer was submitted by the issue with this new proposal of Mr. built a great country on the ideals that these · President 2 weeks ago or more. It came Dulles, which so clearly and unmistak­ DP's cherish. This land of ours is short of to the Senate Committee on Banking · ably would smash the terms of the. certain types of labor. Nobody asks that we · and Currency, which considered the Potsdam agreement and replace it with abolish our restrictions on immigration in nomination, after having held a hearing the dangerous and discredited doctrine· helping to solve the DP problem. But we on it for an hour and a half. T!:len on of a western bloc and the rebuilding of· could so adjust the quotas as to see they are all used up and that refugees are included. motion of the Senator from Indiana a po'werful Germany. The existing Jaw would permit an annual im­ [Mr. CAPEHART] the nomination was re­ This statement from Mr. Dulles comes migration of 153,879, yet we are now receiving port-ed unanimously by the committee. on the heels of a series of declarations by quota immigrants at the rate of about 80,000 Subsequent thereto some gentlemen Republican leaders on the political and a year. The President has indicated his appeared at the .office of the Senator economic aspects of our foreign policy. wholehearted support of such an adjust­ from Indiana and told him they wanted The able Senator from Michigan [Mr: ment as would enable us to give hospitality to object to the nomination and to pre­ VANDENBERG], chairman of the Foreign to 39,000 refugees a year. But only a sixth o! that number had been received in the sent certain charges to the committee. Relations Committee of the Senate, year just ended. It would be a demonstra­ He brought them to my office. They speaking recently at Cleveland,· ignor~d tion o! our special concern if we stopped spent an hour ·and a half with me a the announced recommendation of Gen­ viewing the refugee problem as merely an week ago Saturday. They asked for an eral Marshall and threw his full weight, abstraction in a vacuum and eased th.e way opportunity to appear· before the com­ without qualification or reservation, be­ for at least the handful that the President mittee and give their evidence as to the hind the Chinese taction which General had in mind. nomination of Mr. Myer. Yesterday was Marshall had found corrupt, incompe-. NATIONAL HOUSING AGENCY-NOMINA­ the .day on y.rhich they were to appear tent •. and, in a large measure, anti­ TION OF DILLON S. MYER before the committee. Before the com­ democratic. · . · Mr. PEPPER obtained the fioor. mittee convened they withdrew their op­ In the same Cleveland address the Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, will the position and did not appear. There was Senator from Michigan would have us Senator yield to me? no testimony presented in opposition to lead our sister American Republics into Mr. PEPPER. I yield. Mr. Myer. ~o committee . members, a common hemispheric defense pact Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, a par­ however, voted against reporting his with Argentina, in the face of the stern liamentary inquiry. nomination favorably. Eight commit­ declaration by the then Secretary of. tee members · voted to report the nomi­ State, Hon. James F. Byrnes, that Argen­ The PRESIDING OFFICER

VANDENBERG insisted, in hearings on the publican Party will be decisive in all fu­ including_the general staff; for the in­ confirmation of the Atomic Energy Com­ ture agreements entered into by this Gov­ dustrial disarmament of Germany by the missioners, that the military be allowed ernment but also that any agreements removal of the industrial equipment with to sit in on every session of the Com­ entered into in the past without Republi­ which Germany prepared for and waged mission in such a way that it would can representation are not to be regarded war, and such tight control over the Ger­ virtually become an integral ·part of the by the world as binding. Surely those man economy that while it would pro­ Commission. Their insistence suggests powers which have been concerned that duce for the German people a standard the reversal of the decision duly made the United States has already been whit­ of living equal to the average of Euro­ by the President and the Congress that, tling away at the integrity of the Pots­ pean nations it would provide no margin true to the traditions of our Govern­ dam agreement, solemnly entered into for war making. Under the agreement, ment, the civil authority shall always be by our Government, will not have their a dual purpose was served in the detach­ superior to the military. Such sugges­ confidence in the integrity of the Pots­ ment from Germany of a portion of her tions moved the Washington Post, in a dam agreement enhanced by any such eastern territory, namely, the ·partial · recent editori~l. to say: declaration on the part of so eminent a compensation of Poland for territory It 1s an issue which ol,lght never to have Republican spokesman as Mr. Dulles, es­ awarded to the ·soviet Union in line with arisen in a free society. The very consider­ pecially when he presumes to speak with the Curzon Commission award, and put: ation of it suggests a condition of panic. For the authority of both the chairman. of ting Polish and Soviet power in those . the subordination of the military to civil the Foreign Relations Committee· of the areas, notably Prussia, where in the past authority is the cornerstone of the concept .Senate and the titular head of the Re­ .. German -offensives have beeri ·conceived, of government by consent. publican Party. For in his address Mr. mounted, and launched. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ Dulles declared that he had cleared his Potsdam did-not destroy the German sent that the Post editorial referred to speech with the Senator from Michigan · Nation or the German 'people, nor did it ·. be inserted in the RECORD at the conclu­ and Governor Dewey. · condemn tpe German people to poverty . . sion of my remarks. · In order to understand clearly how far On the c~trary, let me repeat that it The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. Pulles and the Republican Party pro­ allowed the German people a level of liv- . objection, it is so ordered. pose to _thrust this Nation and the ·world ing equal to the average living level of i'esident Harding within which goods can be pro:fltably ex­ control of atomic energy, threshed out and declared, "The League is dead." changed. The plan is strongly supported, on seemingly settled in the long debate last sum­ The question today in the minds of the basis of experience, by many of our most mer over establishment of the Atomic Energy every nation in the world-yes, the ques­ important, and certainly our most far­ Commission, has been raised again in Senate sighted business, financial, and farm inter­ hearings on the confirmation of David E. tion in the minds of the ordinary man Lilienthal. It is an issue which ought never and woman in America who wants peace ests. Its advantages are many-sided. It opens markets for American products. It to have arisen in a free society. The very through international working together, brings foreign products within reach of the consideration of it suggests a condition of is, Will America this time move forward American consumer, who is precisely the panic. For the subordination of the mmtary upon a high course or will it go back to same person as the American produ<;.er, and to civil authority is a cornerstone of the can­ the tragic road it followed after the last cept of government by consent. It is as­ thereby serves as a check on an Inflationary tounding to find this principle called into war? It was the Republican Party which rise of prices. It strengthens the economy of question by men of Senator VANDENBERG's or gave America direction at the end of the those nations which believe with us in the Senator MILLIKIN's caliter. • last war aBd took us down into the abyss merits of the free-enterprise system. It Senator MILLIKIN asked Mr. Lilienthal on that led eventually to depression and war. strengthens the free-enterprise system here Monday: "Why shouldn't the m111tary liaison The Republican Party is again in control at home, because it encourages the expansion board ~it in on all Atomil) Energy Commis­ of Congress. Again it must assume of production; and the alternative to an ex­ sion meetings? What would be the diffi­ the responsibility of giving direction to pansion of production, as we have seen from culty?" It is a testimonial, we think, t r Mr. fairly recent experience, is curtailment of America's cours~ in the world. If the Lilienthal's self-control and tact that be was crops and Industrial output on the Govern­ able to treat this query as a rational one. Republican Party fails America it will ment's initiative (AAA and NRA) and an in­ The answer, ot course, is that this would put make America fail the world again. evitable increase of that very governmental the Army precisely in the position from which If these statements of Republican regimentation which the Republlcans theiDL­ the Senate wlth so much di1Hculty ousted it leaders-and they are not all I could selves profess tO abhor. Finally, this HUll last summer-Qn the Commission itself. The name-are any sign, if they are a sign program corresponds with the realities or· our long contention between the House and Sen­ in the political sky, even though no larger creditor position as a Dation. ate, between the May-Johnson bill and the 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE • 793 McMahon bill, was whether the military, as UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE Lt. Gen. Charles Philip Hall (brigadier gen­ such, should have Commission membership. eral, U. S. Army), Army of the United States, Senator VANDENBERG, out of a regard, we sup­ The legislative clerk read the nomina­ vice Maj. Gen. Charles Hartwell Bonesteel, pose, for the principle of civilian supremacy, tion of Dal M. Lemmon, to be United United Sbtes Army, retired January 31, 1947. States district judge for the northern was one of the sponsors of a settlement which TO BE BRIGADIER GENERALS del).ied ~embership to the military while pro­ district of California. viding for a due recognition of their interest ·The PRESIDENT pro tempore: With­ Maj. Gen. George Fleming Moore (colonel, and importance through a military liaison Coast Artillery Corps), Army of the United out objection, the nomination is con­ States, vice Brig. Gen. Harold Lee George, board. It is indeed paradoxical to find him firmed. now "underscoring" a proposal that would United States Army, appointed major gen­ put the Army back in the saddle. UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS eral July 18, 1946. Maj. Gen. William Henry Harrison MorriS, Still more strange is the fantasy entertained The legislative clerk read the nomina­ by Senator KNOWLAND that all meetings of Jt. (colonel, Infantry), Army of the United tion o~ Joseph E. Brown, of Mississippi, to the Atomic Energy Commission should be States·, vice Brig. Gen. James Harold Doo­ be Umted States attorney for the south­ little, UI1ited States Army, resigned July 22 attended by members of the Joint Congres­ 1946. , sional Committee on Atomic Energy .. This ern district of Mississippi. would amount, patently, to a direct violation The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Maj. Gen. Walter Melville Robertson (colo­ of the separation of powers enjoined by the out objection, the nomination if3 con­ nel, Infantry), Army of the United States, vice Brig. Gen. Henry Tacitus Burgin, United Constitution. It is not the business of the firmed. legislature in our political system to engage States Army, retired August 31, 1946. The legislative clerk read the nomina­ Maj. Gen. Archibald Vincent Arnold (colo­ in the day-to-day details of administration. tion of Harvey Erickson, of Washington Senator KNOWLAND's proposal, also "under­ nel, Field Artillery), Army of the United scored" by Senator VANDENBERG, WOUld leave to be United States attorney for the east~ States, vice Brig. Gen. William Edga.. Shedd, the development of atomic energy to a com­ ern district of Washington. United States Army, retired August 31, 1946. mittee of Congress instead of to the Atomic The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Maj. Gen. Junius Wallace Jones (colonel, Energy Commission created by Congress for out objection, the nomination is con­ Air Corps), Army of the United States, vice this express purpose. Nothing like such an firmed. Brig. Gen. James Lawton Collins, United invasion of the executive domain has been States Army, retired August 31, 1940. . That concludes the Executive Cal­ ~aj . Gen. Louis Aleck Craig (colonel, Field suggested since Civil War days when Ben endar. Wade and some of his congressional col­ Ar.tlllery), Army of the United States vice leagues sought to take over from President Mr. WHERRY. I ask unanimous con­ Brig· Gen. Maxwell Murray, United States Lincoln and his Cabinet the management of sent that the President be notified forth­ Army, retired September 30, 1946. the war effort. And, in their behalf, it could · with of all nominations this day con­ Maj. Gen. Frank William Milburn (colonel, at least be said that they were trying to firmed. Infantry), krmy of the United titates, vice · prevent, not to promote, military domination. -The PRESIDENT pro· tempore. With­ Brig. Gen. Thomas Alexander Terry, United States Army, retired September. 30, 1946. In the present position of international out objection, the· President will be so relations, it cannot be doubted that the mili­ no.tified. · Maj. Gen. George Jacob Richards (colonel, tary aspects of atomic energy are_of prime Corps of Engineers) , Army of the United LEGISLATIVE SESSION States, vice Brig. Gen. Fulton Quintus Cin­ Importance. David Lilienthal understands cinnatus Gardner, United States Army, re­ this as well as any Sena tor. .He C!j.n be . Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I move tired November 30, 1946. · counted upon to be as zealous as any general that the Senate-resume the-consideration Maj. Gen. Charles Wolcott Ryder (colonel, for the maintenance of American superiority of legislative business. in the atomic field. Patriotism is not an Infantry), Army of the United States, vice a:ttribute peculiar to men in uniform. And The motion was agreed to; and the Brig. Gen. Edward Postell King, Jr., United nothing, indeed, could be more inimical to Senate resumed the consideration of States Army, retired November 30, 1946. legislative business. · Maj. Gen. Stafford LeRoy Irwin (colonel, the safety of the Nation than the idea, born Field Artillery), Army of the United States, of hysteria, that only the Army can keep a ADJOURNMENT TO FRIDAY vice Brig. Gen. Richard Kerens Sutherland, secret, only the Army can shape policies for United States Army, retired November 30 our defense. The Army has already demon­ Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, if there be no further business. to come before the 1946. , strated its incompetence in the development Maj. Gen. John William Leonard (colonel, of atomic energy. In peacetime, scientists Senate, I move that the Senate adjourn Infantry), Army of the United States, vice w111 not, because they cannot, · work under until 12 o'clock noon on Friday next. Brig. Gen. Daniel Isom Sultan, United States its sterile domination. From the viewpoint The motion was agreed to; and (at 1 Army, died January 14, 1947. of expediency, therefore, military control is o'clock and 24 minutes p.m.) the Senate Maj. Gen. Idwal Hubert Edwards (lieu­ self-defeating. From the viewpoint of prin­ adjourned until Friday, February 7, 1947, tenant colonel, Air Corps), Army of the ciple, it is thoroughly abhorrent. at 12 o'clock meridian. United States, vice Brig. Gen. Clarence Self EXECUTIVE SESSION Ridley, United States Army, nominated for appointment as major general. Mr. WHERRY. I move that the Sen­ NOMINATIONS Maj. Gen. Grandison Gardner (lieutenant ate proceed to the consideration of ex­ Executive nominations received by the colonel, Air Corps), Army of the United ecutive business. Senate February 5, 1947: States, vice Brig. Gen. James Eugene Chaney, United States Army, nominated for appoint­ The motion was agreed to; and the APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE ment as major general. Senate proceeded to the consideration of. UNITED STATER Brig. Gen. Franklin Otis Carroll (lieutenant executive business. TO BE MAJOR GENERALS colonel, Air Corps), Army of the United EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Maj. Gen. Clarence Self Ridley (brigadier States, vice Brig. Gen. John Clifford Hodges general, U. S. Army), Army of the United Lee, United States Army, nominated for ap­ The following favorable · reports of States, vice Maj. Gen. Henry Conger Pratt, pointment as major general. nominations were submitted: United States Army, retired September 30, Maj. Gen. Charles Carl Chauncey (lieuten­ By Mr. TOBEY, from the Committee on 1946. ant colonel, Air Corps), Army of the United Banking and Currency: Maj. Gen. James Eugene Chaney (brigadier States, vice Brig. Gen. Oscar Wolverton Gris­ Dlllon S. Myer, of Ohio, to be Administra­ general, U. S. Army), Army of the United wold, United States Army, nominated for ap­ tor of the United States Housing Authority States, vice Maj. Gen. Joseph Warren stn­ pointment as major general. in the National Housing Agency, to which well, United States Army. died October 12, Maj. Gen. Edward Michael Powers (lieu­ 1946. tenant . colonel, Air Corps), Army of the office he was appointed during the last recess United States, vice Brig. Gen. Leonard Town­ of the Senate. Lt. G~n. Jol.n Clifford Hodges Lee (briga­ dier general, U.S. Army), Army of the United send Gerow, United States Army, nominated By Mr. BUCK, from the Committee on the for appointment as major general. District of Columbia: States, vice Maj. Gen. Robert Charlwood Richardson Jr., United States Army, retired Maj. Gen. Kenneth Bonner Wolfe (lieu­ James W. Lauderdale, of the District of October 31, 1946. tenant colonel, Ai,. Corps), Army of the Columbia, to be a member of the Public Util­ Lt. Gen. Oscar Wolverton Griswold (briga­ United States, vice Brig. Gen. Charles Philip ities Commission of the District of Colum•ta dier general, U. S. Army), Army of the United Hall, United States ArmJ, nominated for ap­ for the remainder of the term expiring June States, vice Maj. Gen. William Hood Simpson, pointment as major general. 30, 1947, to which omce he was appointed United States Army, retired November 30, Maj. Gen. Alfred Maximilian Gruenther during the last recess of the Senate. 1946. (lieutenant colonel, Field Artillery), Army The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If Lt. Gen. Leonard Townsend Gerow (briga­ of the United States, to fill an original va­ there be no further reports of com­ dier general, U. S. Army), Army of the United cancy. States, vice Maj. Gen. Harold Lee George, Brig. Gen. James Kirk (colonel, Ordnan~e mittees, the clerk will state the nomina­ United Statnr-t Army, retired December 31 Department), Army of the United States for tions on the Executive Calendar. ~- . appointment 1n the Regular Army of' the 794 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 5

United Sates as Assistant to the. Chief of United States, Air Corps) , Army of the Brig. Gen. Ro.y Washington Kenny, Okla­ Ol'dnance~ with tbe rank of brigadier general, United States. homa National Guard, to d.aie from October _ for a. period at t. }ears :from date of appoint­ Col. Eustace M&duro Peixotto (lieutenant 2a, 1946. . ment, vice Brig. Gen. Gladeon Marcus Barnes, . colonel, Adjutant General's Deyartment}, Brig. Gen. Elgan Clayton R!)bertson, Ar­ United St ates .Al'my, re.tired. Army of the united States. kansas National Guard, t<> date from October Brig. Gen. Spencer Bali Akin (colonel, Sig­ Col. Bryant LeMaire Bcatner (major, Air 22, 194.6. . nal Corps). Army of the Uniteq States, for Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air Brig. Gen. Reginald William Buzzell, Ver­ appointment in the Regular Army of the Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United mont National Guard, to date from October United States as Chief Signal Officer, with States, Air Corps), Army of the United States. 28. 1946. the rank o! maJor general, for a period of Col. James McOormack, Jr. (captain, Corps Brig. Gen. Otto Edward Sandman, Cali­ 4 years from date of appointment, vice Maj. of Engineers). Army of the United States. fornia ·National Guard, to date from Oct ober 30, 194.6. Gen. Harry Clyde Ingles. United States Army, TEKPORAKY APPOINTMENT IN THE ARMY OF Brig. Gen. Edward Clark Rose, New Jersey who retires March 31, 194'l. THE UNITEII STATES Brig. Ge.n. William Herschel Mfddleswart National Guard, to date from October 31 , (lieutenant colonel, Quartermast er Corps), TO B1! MAJOR GENERAL 1Q46. Army of the United State.s. for appointment Brig. Gen. William Henry Draper, Jr. (colo­ Brig. Gen. Richard Smykai. Illinois Na­ in the Regular Army o! the United St.ates as nel, Infantry Reserve), Army of the United tional Guard, to date hom November 7, 1946. Assistant to the Quarte.rmas.ter General, with States. Bl'ig. Gen. Kenneth Cooper, Ohio· National the rank of brigadier general , for a p.eriod of TO BE BRIGADIER GENERAL Guard, to dat e from November 11, 1946. 4 years from date of appointment, vice Brig. Col. Earle Levan Johnson (temporary c.olo­ Brig. Gen. Cecil Brainard Wh itcomb, Ohio Gen. John Brandon Franks, United States nel, Army of the United states, Air Corps), National Guard, to date from November 11, Army, deceased. Army of the United States. 1946. The following-named officer for appoint­ Brig. Gen. Daniel Bursk Strickler, Pennsyl­ ment in the Regular Army of the United APPOINTMENTS IN THE NATIONAL GUARD OF vania National Guard, to dat e from Novem­ States, under the provisions of Public Law. THE UNITED STATES OF THE ARMY OF THE ber 20, 1946. UNITED STATES 449 ~ Seventy-ninth Congress. June 26, 1946: Brig. Gen. Harry Lynn Bolen, Illinois Na­ TO BE MAJOR GENERALS OF THE LINE tional Guard, to date from November 29, TO BE PROFESSOR OF ELJ:CTJUClTY AT THil UNITED Maj. Gen. Sumter de Leon Lowry, Jr., 1946. STATES MlLlTARY ACADEMY, WITH RANK FROM Brig. Gen. Alexander· Gallatin Paxton, Mis­ DATE OJ' APPOINTMENT Florida National Guard, to date from Sep­ tember 12, 1946. sissippi National Guard, to date from De• Col. James Wilson Green, Jr., (major, Sig­ cember 2, 1946. nal Corps), Army of the Unit ed States. Ma j. Gen. Norman Everard Hendrickson, Minnesota National Guard, to date from Brig. Gen. Clayton Price Kerr, Texas Na• TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS IN THE ARMY OF September 15, 1946. tiona! Guard, to dat e from .December 13, 1946. THE U~nTED STATES Maj. Gen. Kenneth Frank Cramer, Con­ TO BE MAJOR GENERALS necticut National Guard, to date from Oc­ TO BE BRIGADIER GENERALS, ADJUTANT GENERAL' S Brig. Gen. Orval Ray Cook (lieutenant tober 15, 1946. DEPART MENT oolonel, Air Corps; tem porary colonel, Army Maj. Gen. William Hamil ton Sands, Vir­ Brig. Gen. Curtis Dion O'Sullivan, Cali­ of the United States, Air Corps), Army of the gin ia National Guard, to date from October fornia National Guard, t o dat e from August United St ates. 23 , 1946. 13, 1946. ' Brig. Gen. Emmett O'Donnell, Jr. (major, Maj. Gen. Charles Christian Haffner, Jr., Brig. Gen. William Henry Harrison, Jr., Air Corps; temporary lieuten·ant colonel, Air Illinois National Guard, to date from No­ Massachusetts National Guard, t o date from Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United vember 7, 1946. September 30, 1946. States, Air Corps) , Army of the United States. Maj. Gen. Leo Myron Kreber, Ohio National Brig. Gen. George Hilton But ler, Tennessee Brig. Gen. Malcolm Cummings Grow (colo­ Guard to date from November 11, 1946. Nat ional Guard, to date from October 4, 1946. nel, Medical Corps) , Army of the United . Maj . Gen. Ray Cook Fountain. Iowa Na­ Brig. Gen. Vincent Henry -J acobs, Ma.ssa­ States. t ional Guard, to date from November 19, 1946. chusetts National Guard, to date from Octo­ Br ig. Gen. Edwin William Rawlings (cap­ Ma j. Gen. Jim Dan Hill, Wisconsin Na­ ber 15, 1946". tain, Air Corps; temporary lieutenant colo­ tional Guard, to date from November 19, 1946. IN THE NAVY nel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Army of Maj. Gen. Edward James Stackpole, Jr., Vice Adm. Donald B. Duncan, United the United States, Air Corps), Army of the Pennsylvania National Guard, to date from States Navy, to be a vice admiral in th.e Navy, . United States. November 20, · 1946. · for temporary service. Maj. Gen. Joseph Arthur Teece, Tillnois Na­ TO BE BRIGADIER GENERALS tional Guard, to date from November 29, Col. Eugene Martin Foster (lieutenant 1946. CONFIRMATIONS colonel, Finance Department), Army of the TO BE BIUGADIER GENERALS OF THE LINE Executive nominations confirmed by United. States. the Senate February 5, 1947: Col. George Warren Mundy (major, Air Brig. Gen. Winston Weidner Kratz, Mis­ Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air souri National Guard, to date from July 3, UNITIID STATIIS OlsTiuCT JUDGE Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United 1946. Dal M. Lemmon to be United States district States, Air Corps) , Army of the -United States. Brig. Gen. Stanford Willis Gregory, Colo­ judge· for the northern district of California. Col. Donald. Leander Putt (major, Air rado National Guard, to date from August 6, 1946. UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air Joseph E. Brown to be United States attor­ Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United Brig. Gen. Hal LOwndes Muldrow, Jr., Okla­ homa National Guard, to date from Septem­ ney for the southern district of Mississippi. States, Air Corps) , Army of the United Harvey Erickson to be United States at­ States. ber 5, 1946. Brig. Gen. Ph1lip Charles Bettenburg, torney for the eastern district of washing­ Col. William Maurice Morgan (major, Air Minnesota National Guard, to date from ton. Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air September 15, 1946. Corps, temporary colonel, Army of the United Brig. Gen. Charles Clarence Curtis, Penn­ States, Air COrps), Army of the United States. WITHDRAWAL sylvania National Guard, to date from Col. Samuel Robert Brentnall (major, Air September 30, 1946. Executive nomination withdrawn from Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air Brig. Gen. Charles Ralph Fox, West Vir­ the Senate February 5, 1947: Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United ginia National Guard, to date from October POSTMASTER States, Air Corps), Army of the United States. 10, 1946. Mrs. Rilla M. Schaffer to be- postmaster at Col. Donald Norton Yates (captain, Air Brig. Gen. Louis Evans Boutwell, Massa­ Idanha, in the State or Oregon. Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air chusetts National Guard, to date from Octo­ Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United ber 15, 1946. States, Air Corps), Army of the United States. 'Brig. Gen. John Uberto Calkins, Jr., Cali­ Col. George Craig Stewart (lieutenant colo­ fornia Nattonal Guard, to date from October nel, Infantry), Army of the United States. 15, 1946. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Col. Hubert Don Hoover (lieuterant colo­ Brig. Gen. David Philip Hardy, California nel, Judge Advocate Gener, l's Department), National Guard, to date from October 15, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1947 Army of the United States. 1946. Col. Ernest Marion Brannon "(lieutenant Brig. Gen. Chester Arthur Files, Rhode Is­ The House met a.t 12 o'clock noon. colonel, Judge Advocate General's Depart­ land National Guard, to date from October Rev. H . .Calvin Knock, pastor of the ment) . Army of the Un' ted States. 15, 1946. First Presbyterian Church, Scottsbluff, Col. EdWin Kennedy Wright (lieutenant Brig. Gen. Daniel HarrisOn Hudelson, Cali­ Nebr., offered the following praye~: colonel, Infantry), Army of the United fornia National Guard, to date from October States. 15, 1946. Almighty God, Thou art the source of Col. TUrner A•..hby Sims, Jr. (major, Air Brig. Gen. Howard Sanford Searle, Kansas knowledge and truth and in Thy hand Corps; temporary lieut en ant colonel, Air National Guard, to date from October 15, is the destinw of. mankind. Thou hast Corps; temporary colonel, Army of· . the 1946. endowed men with many rights, privi-