DOCSLIB.ORG

Rapport De L'easo Relatif À L'information Sur Le Pays D'origine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rapport De L'easo Relatif À L'information Sur Le Pays D'origine Europe Direct est un service destiné à vous aider à trouver des réponses aux questions que vous vous posez sur l’Union européenne. Un numéro unique gratuit (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certains opérateurs de téléphonie mobile ne permettent pas l’accès aux numéros 00 800 ou peuvent facturer ces appels. D’autres informations sur l’Union européenne sont disponibles sur l’internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Office des publications de l’Union européenne, 2015 ISBN 978-92-9243-446-5 doi:10.2847/34099 © Bureau européen d’appui en matière d’asile, 2015 Ni l’EASO ni aucune personne agissant en son nom n’est responsable de l’usage qui pourrait être fait des informations contenues dans le présent rapport. Printed in Italy Imprimé sur papier blanchi sans chlore élémentaire (ECF) Remerciements L’EASO tient à remercier le secrétariat d’État aux migrations (SEM), division Analyses et Services (Suisse), auteur du présent rapport. Les services d’asile et de migration nationaux et les experts externes suivants ont révisé le rapport: Allemagne, Office fédéral des migrations et des réfugiés, analyse par pays, qui a relu la première version en langue allemande. Autriche, Office fédéral de l’immigration et de l’asile, service d’information sur le pays d’origine Belgique, Commissariat général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides, centre de documentation et de recherche (Cedoca) Danemark, Service de l’immigration danois, département d’information sur le pays d’origine Dan Connell, expert externe qui travaille sur l’Érythrée depuis plus de 25 ans en tant que journaliste, conférencier et chercheur. Table des matières Remerciements .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Avertissement ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Glossaire et abréviations ................................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction et évaluation des sources .......................................................................................................... 9 Méthodologie ...............................................................................................................................................10 Définition du contenu .................................................................................................................................... 10 Collecte d’informations ................................................................................................................................. 10 Contrôle de la qualité .................................................................................................................................... 10 Carte de l’Érythrée ........................................................................................................................................11 1. Informations générales relatives au pays ...............................................................................................12 1.1 Géographie ............................................................................................................................................ 12 1.2 Démographie ......................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 Groupes ethniques .................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.2 Langues ..................................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.3 Noms érythréens ...................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Histoire .................................................................................................................................................. 15 1.4 Structure administrative ........................................................................................................................ 18 1.5 Éducation ............................................................................................................................................... 20 1.5.1 Écoles publiques ........................................................................................................................ 20 1.5.2 Universités ................................................................................................................................ 22 1.6 Médias ................................................................................................................................................... 23 1.7 Système de santé ................................................................................................................................... 24 1.8 Transports .............................................................................................................................................. 25 1.9 Monnaie ................................................................................................................................................ 26 2. Structure et politique de l’État ..............................................................................................................27 2.1 Institutions de l’État ............................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.1 Constitution .............................................................................................................................. 27 2.1.2 Gouvernement transitoire (exécutif) ........................................................................................ 27 2.1.3 Parlement (législatif) ................................................................................................................. 28 2.1.4 Système de justice (pouvoir judiciaire) ..................................................................................... 28 2.2 Partis politiques ..................................................................................................................................... 29 2.3 Associations et société civile .................................................................................................................. 30 2.4 Critique du gouvernement ..................................................................................................................... 31 Rapport de l’EASO relatif à l’information sur le pays d’origine — Érythrée. Étude de pays — 5 3. Service national .....................................................................................................................................33 3.1 Structure ................................................................................................................................................ 33 3.2 Exemptions ............................................................................................................................................ 34 3.3 Recrutement .......................................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.1 Recrutement par l’intermédiaire de la douzième année scolaire à Sawa ................................ 35 3.3.2 Autres méthodes de recrutement ............................................................................................ 36 3.3.3 Recrutement de mineurs .......................................................................................................... 38 3.4 Douzième année scolaire à Sawa .......................................................................................................... 38 3.5 Service militaire ..................................................................................................................................... 39 3.5.1 Femmes effectuant leur service militaire ................................................................................. 40 3.6 Service national civil .............................................................................................................................. 40 3.7 Durée .................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.7.1 Démobilisation et congédiement .............................................................................................. 42 3.8 Désertion .............................................................................................................................................. 43 3.8.1 Punition en cas de désertion et d’insoumission ....................................................................... 43 3.8.2 Sanction pour les déserteurs et les insoumis rapatriés ............................................................ 43 3.8.3 Persécution des membres de la famille .................................................................................... 44 3.9 Armée populaire .................................................................................................................................... 45 4. Prisons et détention ............................................................................................................................. 46 4.1 Conditions de détention ........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Foreign Military Presence in the Horn of Africa Region
    SIPRI Background Paper April 2019 THE FOREIGN MILITARY SUMMARY w The Horn of Africa is PRESENCE IN THE HORN OF undergoing far-reaching changes in its external security AFRICA REGION environment. A wide variety of international security actors— from Europe, the United States, neil melvin the Middle East, the Gulf, and Asia—are currently operating I. Introduction in the region. As a result, the Horn of Africa has experienced The Horn of Africa region has experienced a substantial increase in the a proliferation of foreign number and size of foreign military deployments since 2001, especially in the military bases and a build-up of 1 past decade (see annexes 1 and 2 for an overview). A wide range of regional naval forces. The external and international security actors are currently operating in the Horn and the militarization of the Horn poses foreign military installations include land-based facilities (e.g. bases, ports, major questions for the future airstrips, training camps, semi-permanent facilities and logistics hubs) and security and stability of the naval forces on permanent or regular deployment.2 The most visible aspect region. of this presence is the proliferation of military facilities in littoral areas along This SIPRI Background the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa.3 However, there has also been a build-up Paper is the first of three papers of naval forces, notably around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, at the entrance to devoted to the new external the Red Sea and in the Gulf of Aden. security politics of the Horn of This SIPRI Background Paper maps the foreign military presence in the Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism, Mass Militarization, and the Education of Eritrea
    The Struggling State The Struggling State Nationalism, Mass Militarization, and the Education of Eritrea Jennifer Riggan TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS Philadelphia • Rome • Tokyo TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright © 2016 by Temple University—Of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education All rights reserved Published 2016 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Riggan, Jennifer, 1971– author. The struggling state : nationalism, mass militarization, and the education of Eritrea / Jennifer Riggan. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4399-1270-6 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4399-1272-0 (e-book) 1. Civil-military relations—Eritrea. 2. Militarization—Eritrea. 3. Militarism—Eritrea. 4. Teachers—Eritrea. 5. Education and state— Eritrea. 6. Nationalism—Eritrea. 7. Eritrea—Politics and government —1993– I. Title. JQ3583.A38R54 2016 320.9635—dc23 2015013666 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Ermias Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Everyday Authoritarianism, Teachers, and the Decoupling of Nation and State 1 1 Struggling for the Nation: Contradictions of Revolutionary Nationalism 33 2 “It Seemed like a Punishment”: Coercive State Effects and the Maddening State 57 3 Students or Soldiers? Troubled State Technologies and the Imagined Future of Educated Eritrea 89 4 Educating Eritrea: Disorder, Disruption, and Remaking the Nation 122 5 The Teacher State: Morality and Everyday Sovereignty over Schools 155 Conclusion: Escape, Encampment, and the Alchemy of Nationalism 193 Notes 211 References 221 Index 231 Acknowledgments have tried to write this book with honesty, integrity, and compassion.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Guide As A
    Teacher’s Guide The Mangrove Tree: Planting Trees to Feed Families written by Susan L. Roth and Cindy Trumbore illustrated by Susan L. Roth About the Book Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction SYNOPSIS Format: Paperback, $10.95 40 pages, 10-7/8” x 8-7/8” For a long time, the people of Hargigo, a village in the tiny African country ISBN: 9781620145807 of Eritrea, were living without enough food for themselves and their animals. The families were hungry, and their goats and sheep were hungry Reading Level: Grade 4 too. Then along came a scientist, Dr. Gordon Sato, who helped change Interest Level: Grades K–6 their lives for the better. And it all started with some special trees. Guided Reading Level: R Accelerated Reader® Level/Points: These are the trees, 6.4/0.5 Mangrove trees, That were planted by the sea. Lexile™ Measure:NC19190L *Reading level based on the ATOS Readability Formula With alternating verse and prose passages, The Mangrove Tree: Planting Themes: Animal/Biodiversity/Plant Trees to Feed Families invites readers to discover how Dr. Sato’s mangrove Adaptations, Animals, Collaboration, tree-planting project transformed an impoverished village into a self- Environment/Nature, Human Impact sufficient community. This fascinating story is a celebration of creativity, On Environment/Environmental Sustainability, Kindness/Caring, Nature/ hard work—and all those mangrove trees that were planted by the sea! Science, Nonfiction, Responsibility Resources on the web: leeandlow.com/books/the-mangrove- tree All guided reading level placements may vary and are subject to revision. Teachers may adjust the assigned levels in accordance with their own evaluations.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaternary Geochronology 37 (2017) 15E31
    Quaternary Geochronology 37 (2017) 15e31 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Geochronology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quageo Glass compositions and tempo of post-17 ka eruptions from the Afar Triangle recorded in sediments from lakes Ashenge and Hayk, Ethiopia * C.M. Martin-Jones a, , C.S. Lane b, N.J.G. Pearce a, V.C. Smith c, H.F. Lamb a, C. Oppenheimer b, A. Asrat d, F. Schaebitz e a Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, UK b Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK c Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK d School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia e Institute of Geography Education, University of Cologne, 50931, Koln,€ Germany article info abstract Article history: Numerous volcanoes in the Afar Triangle and adjacent Ethiopian Rift Valley have erupted during the Received 18 March 2016 Quaternary, depositing volcanic ash (tephra) horizons that have provided crucial chronology for Received in revised form archaeological sites in eastern Africa. However, late Pleistocene and Holocene tephras have hitherto been 20 September 2016 largely unstudied and the more recent volcanic history of Ethiopia remains poorly constrained. Here, we Accepted 13 October 2016 use sediments from lakes Ashenge and Hayk (Ethiopian Highlands) to construct the first <17 cal ka BP Available online 18 October 2016 tephrostratigraphy for the Afar Triangle. The tephra record reveals 21 visible and crypto-tephra layers, and our new database of major and trace element glass compositions will aid the future identification of Keywords: Tephrochronology these tephra layers from proximal to distal locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Determinants of Successful Secessions in Post-Colonial Africa: Analyzing the Cases of Eritrea and South Sudan
    Determinants of Successful Secessions in Post-colonial Africa: Analyzing the Cases of Eritrea and South Sudan By Albano Agostinho Troco 213566558 Supervisor: Dr. Khondlo Mtshali A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Coursework) in Political Science, Cluster of International and Public Affairs, College of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 2014 As the Candidate„s Supervisor I agree to the submission of this dissertation ___________________________________________ Dr. Khondlo Mtshali ___________________ Date i DECLARATION I, Albano Agostinho Troco declare that: (i) The research reported in this dissertation is my own unaided work. All citations, references and borrowed ideas have been duly acknowledged. (ii) The dissertation has not been submitted previously for any degree or examination in any other University. ___________________________________________ Albano Agostinho Troco ___________________ Date ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe an immense debt of gratitude to many people, who over the years, have supported and encouraged me in my academic endeavors. Firstly, I would like to give my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor Dr. Khondlo Mtshali for the expert guidance and valuable insights provided during the process of researching and writing this thesis. Secondly, I thank the University of kwaZulu-Natal, especially the School of Social Sciences, for the scholarships awarded to me during my post-graduate studies at the institution. Similarly, I extend my gratitude to all my lecturers at the Cluster of International and Public Affairs (Dr. Alison Jones, Mr. Ayo Wheto; Dr. Desiree Manicom; Mr. Hakeem Onapajo; Mr. Sakiemi Idoniboye-Obu; and Dr. Sharmla Rhama) for their mentorship.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eu Strategic Framework for the Horn of Africa: a Critical Assessment of Impact and Opportunities
    DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES OF THE UNION DIRECTORATE B POLICY DEPARTMENT STUDY THE EU STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE HORN OF AFRICA: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT AND OPPORTUNITIES Abstract Adoption of the Strategic Framework for the Horn of Africa should open new opportunities for successful engagement in the region. More coherent action creates the opportunity for the EU to be recognised in the region as an actor in its own right, and with the influence that the scale of its engagement should bring. The appointment of an EUSR for the Horn of Africa should allow the EU to speak more clearly with one voice in the region. Doing so would allow the EU to exploit more fully its comparative advantage in the region: as a bloc, it is one of the most significant sources of assistance and investment into the region and an important trade partner. The EU is clearly active across the region, especially through high profile engagement in Somalia and the Sudans. However, quiet engagement in Ethiopia and Eritrea presents the greatest new opportunity to influence constructive shifts in regional security and economic dynamics. This was true before the recent death of Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, and is even more the case now. Strengthening IGAD will also be essential if the region’s potential and the EU’s goals are to be realised. EXPO/B/AFET/FWC/2009-01/Lot2/11 September 2012 PE 433.799 EN Policy Department DG External Policies This study was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs. It is based on desktop research, and on interviews with a range of EU and regional officials in Brussels and Addis Ababa between 23 July and 2 September 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Noragric the SSE Programme Project Review of the Development Fund's
    NLH AGRICUL TURAL UNIVERSfIY OF NORWAY Noragric Center for Environment and nevelopment Studies The SSE Programme Project review of the Development Fund's Veterinary Assistant Training Pregramme (V ATP) Review team: Arve Lund Aregay Waktola August 1997 Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 ACRONYMS 5 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 BACKGROUND 6 2.1 Livestock in Eritrea 6 2.2 Structure of the animal health service in Eritrea 7 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 8 3.1 Objectives and goals 8 3.2 Expected output and results 8 3.3 Partners and inputs 9 3.4 Activities 9 4 METHODOLOGY OF THE REVIBW MISSION 9 5 MAJOR FINDINGS 10 5.1 Overall view of the project implementation 10 5.1.1 Training facilities 10 5.1.2 Curriculum 11 5.1.3 Staff and teaching resources 12 5.1.4 Students 13 5.2 Institutional set-up of the Centre and funding 14 5.2.1 Organisation 14 5.2.2 Funding 14 5.3 Future prospects of the Programme 15 5.3.1 Courses 15 1 5.3.2 Economic responsibility 15 5.3.3 Collaboration with Norwegian institutions 16 6 ROLE AND FOLLOW-UP OF DF 16 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16 ANNEXES 1. Terms of reference 2. Programme during the Team's visit 3. Persons met 4. Livestock numbers in Eritrea 5. Human resource development 1996-2001, Animal resources department 6. Organizational structure, Ministry of Agriculture 7. Job description, Animal health assistant 8. Diploma programme for Veterinary assistants/Curriculum 9. Documents consulted 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A mission initiated by Noragric, Agricultural University of Norway, comprising Arve Lund (team leader) and Aregay Waktola was carried out in the period 23.
    [Show full text]
  • Glass Compositions and Temp of Post-17 Ka Eruptions from the Afar
    Aberystwyth University Glass compositions and tempo of post-17 ka eruptions from the Afar Triangle recorded in sediments from lakes Ashenge and Hayk, Ethiopia Martin-Jones, Catherine Mariel; Lane, Christine; Pearce, Nicholas; Smith, Victoria C.; Lamb, Henry; Oppenheimer, Clive; Asrat, Asfawossen; Schaebitz, Frank Published in: Quaternary Geochronology DOI: 10.1016/j.quageo.2016.10.001 Publication date: 2017 Citation for published version (APA): Martin-Jones, C. M., Lane, C., Pearce, N., Smith, V. C., Lamb, H., Oppenheimer, C., Asrat, A., & Schaebitz, F. (2017). Glass compositions and tempo of post-17 ka eruptions from the Afar Triangle recorded in sediments from lakes Ashenge and Hayk, Ethiopia. Quaternary Geochronology, 37, 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2016.10.001 Document License CC BY General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Aberystwyth Research Portal (the Institutional Repository) are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Aberystwyth Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Aberystwyth Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. tel: +44 1970 62 2400 email: [email protected] Download date: 01.
    [Show full text]
  • (2018). Seismic and Volcanic Hazards in Eritrea. in Z
    Goitom, B., Hammond, J., Kendall, J. M., Oppenheimer, C., & Ogubazghi, G. (2018). Seismic and volcanic hazards in Eritrea. In Z. Tsighe, S. Mahmud Idris, Y. Mesfun Asfaha, S. Andemariam, R. Kifle Taddese, & G. Ogubazghi (Eds.), 2016 International Conference on Eritrean Studies (ICES 2016) Proceedings (Vol. 2, pp. 691-703). Hdri Media. http://africahornnow.com/2016/07/24/abstracts-selected- international-conference-eritrean-studies-ices-held-asmara-20-22-july- 2016/?hilite=%27INTERNATIONAL%27%2C%27CONFERENCE%27 %2C%27ERITREAN%27%2C%27STUDIES%27%2C%27ICES%27% 2C%2720- 22%27%2C%27July%27%2C%272016%27%2C%27Asmara%27 Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Hdrimedia at https://hdrimedia.com/product/ices-2016-proceedings-volume-2/. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Seismic and Volcanic hazards in Eritrea Berhe Goitom1,4, James O.S. Hammond2, J- Michael Kendall1, Clive Oppenheimer3, Ghebrebrhan Ogubazghi4 1 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK 2 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX 3 Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK 4 Department of Earth Sciences, Eritrea Institute of Technology, P O Box 12676, Eritrea Abstract The dramatic landscape of Eritrea is driven by large tectonic forces that are breaking apart the African continent.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational 'Interruptions' in Eritrean Refugee Lives in the Bay Area
    The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Theses Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Spring 5-26-2017 Transnational ‘Interruptions’ in Eritrean Refugee Lives in the Bay Area Meron Y. Semedar Mr [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.usfca.edu/thes Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons, and the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Semedar, Meron Y. Mr, "Transnational ‘Interruptions’ in Eritrean Refugee Lives in the Bay Area" (2017). Master's Theses. 242. http://repository.usfca.edu/thes/242 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRANSNATIONAL ‘INTERRUPTIONS’ IN ERITREAN REFUGEE LIVES IN THE BAY AREA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS in INTERNATIONAL STUDIES by MERON SEMEDAR May 26, 2017 UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Under the guidance and approval of the committee, and approval by all the members, this thesis project has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree. APPROVED: Advisor Date Academic Director Date Dean of Arts and Sciences Date TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • First Recorded Eruption of Nabro Volcano, Eritrea, 2011
    Bull Volcanol (2015)77:85 DOI 10.1007/s00445-015-0966-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE First recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011 Berhe Goitom1,2 & Clive Oppenheimer3 & James O. S. Hammond4 & Raphaël Grandin 5 & Talfan Barnie6 & Amy Donovan3 & Ghebrebrhan Ogubazghi2 & Ermias Yohannes 7 & Goitom Kibrom7 & J- Michael Kendall1 & Simon A. Carn 8 & David Fee9 & Christine Sealing8 & Derek Keir10 & Atalay Ayele11 & Jon Blundy1 & Joanna Hamlyn12 & Tim Wright12 & Seife Berhe 13 Received: 23 March 2015 /Accepted: 10 August 2015 # The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract We present a synthesis of diverse observations of the erupted lavas and tephra range from trachybasaltic to the first recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, which trachybasaltic andesite, and crystal-hosted melt inclusions began on 12 June 2011. While no monitoring of the volcano contain up to 3,000 ppm of sulphur by weight. The eruption was in effect at the time, it has been possible to reconstruct the was preceded by significant seismicity, detected by regional nature and evolution of the eruption through analysis of re- networks of sensors and accompanied by sustained tremor. gional seismological and infrasound data and satellite remote Substantial infrasound was recorded at distances of hundreds sensing data, supplemented by petrological analysis of to thousands of kilometres from the vent, beginning at the erupted products and brief field surveys. The event is notable onset of the eruption and continuing for weeks. Analysis of for the comparative rarity of recorded historical eruptions in ground deformation suggests the eruption was fed by a shal- the region and of caldera systems in general, for the prodi- low, NW–SE-trending dike, which is consistent with field and gious quantity of SO2 emitted into the atmosphere and the satellite observations of vent distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • First Recorded Eruption of Nabro Volcano, Eritrea, 2011
    Bull Volcanol (2015) 77: 85 DOI 10.1007/s00445-015-0966-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE First recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011 Berhe Goitom1,2 & Clive Oppenheimer3 & James O. S. Hammond4 & Raphaël Grandin 5 & Talfan Barnie6 & Amy Donovan3 & Ghebrebrhan Ogubazghi2 & Ermias Yohannes 7 & Goitom Kibrom7 & J- Michael Kendall1 & Simon A. Carn 8 & David Fee9 & Christine Sealing8 & Derek Keir10 & Atalay Ayele11 & Jon Blundy1 & Joanna Hamlyn12 & Tim Wright12 & Seife Berhe 13 Received: 23 March 2015 /Accepted: 10 August 2015 /Published online: 7 September 2015 # The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract We present a synthesis of diverse observations of the erupted lavas and tephra range from trachybasaltic to the first recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, which trachybasaltic andesite, and crystal-hosted melt inclusions began on 12 June 2011. While no monitoring of the volcano contain up to 3,000 ppm of sulphur by weight. The eruption was in effect at the time, it has been possible to reconstruct the was preceded by significant seismicity, detected by regional nature and evolution of the eruption through analysis of re- networks of sensors and accompanied by sustained tremor. gional seismological and infrasound data and satellite remote Substantial infrasound was recorded at distances of hundreds sensing data, supplemented by petrological analysis of to thousands of kilometres from the vent, beginning at the erupted products and brief field surveys. The event is notable onset of the eruption and continuing for weeks. Analysis of for the comparative rarity of recorded historical eruptions in ground deformation suggests the eruption was fed by a shal- the region and of caldera systems in general, for the prodi- low, NW–SE-trending dike, which is consistent with field and gious quantity of SO2 emitted into the atmosphere and the satellite observations of vent distributions.
    [Show full text]