Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012 

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012  Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012 Inspections Programme Treaty Antarctic Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012 Report of Antarctic Treaty Inspections undertaken jointly by the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Spain in accordance with Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 14 of the Environmental Protocol United Kingdom Foreign & Commonwealth Office Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research Spanish Polar Committee Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012 Report of Antarctic Treaty Inspections undertaken jointly by the United Kingdom, Spain and the Netherlands in accordance with Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 14 of the Environmental Protocol April 2013 © Crown copyright 2013 Printed in the United Kingdom for The Stationery Office P002548041 C1 05/13 Contents Introduction .......................................................................5 Acknowledgments .............................................................7 Itinerary ..............................................................................8 Map of the inspected bases, stations, sites and vessels ...9 General conclusions and recommendations .................10 Best practice .....................................................................16 Bases and stations ...........................................................19 Comandante Ferraz Station (Brazil) ............................................................... 20 Arctowski (Poland) ....................................................................................... 23 Presidente Eduardo Frei (Chile) ..................................................................... 28 Great Wall (China) ........................................................................................ 37 King Sejong (Republic Of Korea) .................................................................. 42 Bellingshausen (Russia) ................................................................................. 48 Carlini (Argentina) ........................................................................................ 54 Artigas (Uruguay) ......................................................................................... 60 Palmer (United States) .................................................................................. 65 Gabriel González Videla (Chile) .................................................................... 74 Esperanza (Argentina) .................................................................................. 79 Arturo Prat (Chile) ........................................................................................ 86 Unoccupied installations and bases ...............................93 Eco-Nelson (Czech Republic) ........................................................................ 94 Refugio Meteorologia Cruls (Brazil) .............................................................. 95 Elichiribehety (Uruguay) ............................................................................... 96 3 Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012 Historic sites and monuments ........................................99 Whalers Bay ............................................................................................... 100 Port Lockroy .............................................................................................. 103 Waterboat Point ........................................................................................ 108 Vessels ............................................................................ 111 MV Ocean Diamond (Bahamas) ..................................................................112 MV Plancius (Netherlands)...........................................................................116 MV Silver Explorer (Bahamas) .....................................................................119 MV Corinthian II (Marshall Islands) ............................................................. 122 SY Paradise (France) ...................................................................................125 Bahia Paraiso (wreck of Argentine-flagged vessel) .......................................127 Annex .............................................................................128 4 Introduction Introduction Inspections were conducted jointly in December 2012 by the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The inspections were undertaken by Observers designated by their respective governments in accordance with the notification procedures under Article VII (1) of the Antarctic Treaty. Lead Observers so designated were: The logistic platform for the Inspection Programme was provided by the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy For the Netherlands: Ice Patrol Vessel HMS Protector. > Mr Dick van der Kroef, Netherlands Organisation The core inspection team consisted of Dick Van der for Scientific Research, Amsterdam Kroef, Manolo Catalan, Colin Roberts and John Shears. The core team was augmented as For Spain: necessary by the following officers and specialists from HMS Protector who were also designated as > Admiral Manolo Catalan, Technical Secretary, United Kingdom Observers in accordance with Spanish Polar Committee, Madrid the notification procedures of Article VII (1) of the Treaty: For the United Kingdom > Commander Don Mackinnon – Royal Navy > Mr Colin Roberts CVO, Director, Foreign and > Lieutenant Commander Tom Boeckx – Royal Navy Commonwealth Office, London > Surgeon Lieutenant Commander Martin Scutt – > Dr John Shears, Director of Operations, British Royal Navy Antarctic Survey, Cambridge > Petty Officer Robert Stamp – Royal Navy 5 Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012 > Leading Photographer Aaron Hoare – Royal Navy All inspections were undertaken in accordance with Article VII of the Treaty and Article 14 of the The inspections, undertaken between 1 and 14 Environmental Protocol. December 2012, covered 12 permanent bases, 3 unoccupied bases, 3 historic sites, 4 cruise ships, In line with Article 14(4) of the Environmental 1 yacht and 1 wreck site. The inspection of the Protocol, reports of all inspections undertaken wreck of the Bahia Paraiso was carried out by were forwarded to the relevant Treaty Parties for Royal Navy divers who filmed the inspection and comment. Where responses from Parties were of a briefed the team immediately afterwards using the minor drafting nature or technical correction, the video footage. proposed changes have been incorporated in the relevant report. Responses of a more general or Exceptionally heavy snowfall in the Peninsula substantive nature are included within this report region in the austral winter of 2012 had left most at the Appendix. The reports of inspections of of the bases inspected still under substantial tourist vessels were also sent to the relevant tour accumulations of snow. This meant that some operators. Some minor factual corrections were aspects of infrastructure and terrain could not received, and these have also been incorporated be examined. into the reports. To ensure impartiality the inspection of the British base at Port Lockroy was led by Mr van der Kroef and the report on that inspection drafted by Mr van der Kroef and Adm. Catalan. 6 Acknowledgements Acknowledgments The inspection team was afforded unlimited access The team would also like to record its gratitude to to all facilities of each station and vessel visited and the officers and crew of HMS Protector under the the team would like to record its sincere gratitude command of the Executive Officer Cmdr Don to the Station Leaders and staff, and vessel McKinnon, without whose skill and professionalism captains and crew, who provided invaluable the team would not have been able safely to assistance and generous hospitality. undertake so many inspections, all of which required the support of multiple small boat operations. The team acknowledge with gratitude the efforts of those who provided photographic support for the inspections. All photographs included in this report were taken by Leading Photographer Aaron Hoare with the exception of those on Nelson Island, taken by Lieutenant Commander Tom Boeckx, and the photograph of the wreck of the Bahia Paraiso which was taken from a video filmed by the Royal Navy diving team. 7 Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012 Itinerary The dates of the Inspections were: 1 December Comandante Ferraz Arctowski 2 December Presidente Eduardo Frei, Marsh Airfield, Fildes Naval Station 3 December Great Wall King Sejong 4 December Bellingshausen Carlini 5 December Artigas Eco-Nelson Refugio Meteorologia Cruls 6 December Deception Island: Whalers Bay MV Ocean Diamond MV Plancius MV Silver Explorer 8 December Port Lockroy 9 December Palmer Bahia Paraiso Wreck SY Paradise 10 December Lemaire Channel: MV Corinthian II 11 December Gabriel González Videla Waterboat Point 13 December Esperanza Elichiribehety 14 December Arturo Prat 8 Map of the inspected bases, stations, sites and vessels Map of the inspected bases, stations, sites and vessels 9 8209 Antarctica Report v0_7.indd 9 17/04/2013 16:49 Antarctic Treaty Inspections Programme Report 2012 General conclusions and recommendations Inspections small boat operations). In most cases training was All the bases and vessels inspected by the British, focussed on permanent staff, especially Spanish and Dutch 2012 inspection team were overwintering staff. The inspectors found some welcoming and cooperative. The bases inspected good examples
Recommended publications
  • Explorer's Gazette
    EEXXPPLLOORREERR’’SS GGAAZZEETTTTEE Published Quarterly in Pensacola, Florida USA for the Old Antarctic Explorers Association Uniting All OAEs in Perpetuating the Memory of United States Involvement in Antarctica Volume 18, Issue 4 Old Antarctic Explorers Association, Inc Oct-Dec 2018 Photo by Jack Green The first C-17 of the summer season delivers researchers and support staff to McMurdo Station after a two-week weather delay. Science Bouncing Back From A Delayed Start By Mike Lucibella The first flights from Christchurch to McMurdo were he first planes of the 2018-2019 Summer Season originally scheduled for 1 October, but throughout early Ttouched down at McMurdo Station’s Phoenix October, a series of low-pressure systems parked over the Airfield at 3 pm in the afternoon on 16 October after region and brought days of bad weather, blowing snow more than two weeks of weather delays, the longest and poor visibility. postponement of season-opening in recent memory. Jessie L. Crain, the Antarctic research support Delays of up to a few days are common for manager in the Office of Polar Programs at the National researchers and support staff flying to McMurdo Station, Science Foundation (NSF), said that it is too soon yet to Antarctica from Christchurch, New Zealand. However, a say definitively what the effects of the delay will be on fifteen-day flight hiatus is very unusual. the science program. Continued on page 4 E X P L O R E R ‘ S G A Z E T T E V O L U M E 18, I S S U E 4 O C T D E C 2 0 1 8 P R E S I D E N T ’ S C O R N E R Ed Hamblin—OAEA President TO ALL OAEs—I hope you all had a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year holiday.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition
    FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING State Institution “Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN ʋ2 (51) April - June 2010 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations St. Petersburg 2010 FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING State Institution “Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN ʋ2 (51) April - June 2010 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations Edited by V.V. Lukin St. Petersburg 2010 Editor-in-Chief - M.O. Krichak (Russian Antarctic Expedition –RAE) Authors and contributors Section 1 M. O. Krichak (RAE), Section 2 Ye. I. Aleksandrov (Department of Meteorology) Section 3 G. Ye. Ryabkov (Department of Long-Range Weather Forecasting) Section 4 A. I. Korotkov (Department of Ice Regime and Forecasting) Section 5 Ye. Ye. Sibir (Department of Meteorology) Section 6 I. V. Moskvin, Yu.G.Turbin (Department of Geophysics) Section 7 V. V. Lukin (RAE) Section 8 B. R. Mavlyudov (RAS IG) Section 9 V. L. Martyanov (RAE) Translated by I.I. Solovieva http://www.aari.aq/, Antarctic Research and Russian Antarctic Expedition, Reports and Glossaries, Quarterly Bulletin. Acknowledgements: Russian Antarctic Expedition is grateful to all AARI staff for participation and help in preparing this Bulletin. For more information about the contents of this publication, please, contact Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet Russian Antarctic Expedition Bering St., 38, St. Petersburg 199397 Russia Phone: (812) 352 15 41; 337 31 04 Fax: (812) 337 31 86 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS PREFACE……………………….…………………………………….………………………….1 1. DATA OF AEROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS…………………………………….…………………………3 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Ilha Rei George, Antártica Marítima) Entre 1986 E 2011
    Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, v.29, n.3, 379 - 388, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-778620120439 VARIAÇÕES DA FRENTE DA GELEIRA POLAR CLUB, PENÍNSULA POTTER (ILHA REI GEORGE, ANTÁRTICA MARÍTIMA) ENTRE 1986 E 2011 EVERTON LUÍS POELKING1, ANDRÉ MEDEIROS DE ANDRADE2, GONÇALO BRITO T. G. VIEIRA3, CARLOS ERNESTO G. R. SCHAEFER4, ELPÍDIO INÁCIO FERNANDES FILHO4 1Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil 2Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil 3Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisboa, Portugal 4Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], elpidio@ufv. br Recebido Fevereiro de 2012 - Aceito Novembro de 2013 RESUMO As mudanças ambientais, especialmente na criosfera, podem resultar em amplas consequências globais, sendo o estudo de geleiras das regiões polares estratégicos para analisar áreas sensíveis às mudanças climáticas. Neste trabalho foram analisadas as taxas de mudança da frente da geleira Polar Club e comparadas com a variabilidade interanual da temperatura do ar, na Península Potter, ilha Rei George, a fim de compreender o impacto direto das alterações do clima local na dinâmica das áreas livres de gelo. Foi utilizada uma série de dez cenas de imagens do satélite Landsat e dados de temperatura do ar superficial entre 1986 e 2011. Os resultados evidenciam uma tendência no aumento na temperatura do ar de 0,04 ºC por ano, o que resultou no incremento de 1,03 ºC nas temperaturas médias do ar para o período de 26 anos analisados.
    [Show full text]
  • South Georgia and Antarctic Odyssey
    South Georgia and Antarctic Odyssey 30 November – 18 December 2019 | Greg Mortimer About Us Aurora Expeditions embodies the spirit of adventure, travelling to some of the most wild opportunity for adventure and discovery. Our highly experienced expedition team of and remote places on our planet. With over 28 years’ experience, our small group voyages naturalists, historians and destination specialists are passionate and knowledgeable – they allow for a truly intimate experience with nature. are the secret to a fulfilling and successful voyage. Our expeditions push the boundaries with flexible and innovative itineraries, exciting Whilst we are dedicated to providing a ‘trip of a lifetime’, we are also deeply committed to wildlife experiences and fascinating lectures. You’ll share your adventure with a group education and preservation of the environment. Our aim is to travel respectfully, creating of like-minded souls in a relaxed, casual atmosphere while making the most of every lifelong ambassadors for the protection of our destinations. DAY 1 | Saturday 30 November 2019 Ushuaia, Beagle Channel Position: 20:00 hours Course: 83° Wind Speed: 20 knots Barometer: 991 hPa & steady Latitude: 54°49’ S Wind Direction: W Air Temp: 6° C Longitude: 68°18’ W Sea Temp: 5° C Explore. Dream. Discover. —Mark Twain in the soft afternoon light. The wildlife bonanza was off to a good start with a plethora of seabirds circling the ship as we departed. Finally we are here on the Beagle Channel aboard our sparkling new ice-strengthened vessel. This afternoon in the wharf in Ushuaia we were treated to a true polar welcome, with On our port side stretched the beech forested slopes of Argentina, while Chile, its mountain an invigorating breeze sweeping the cobwebs of travel away.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Peninsula
    Hucke-Gaete, R, Torres, D. & Vallejos, V. 1997c. Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, by marine debris at Cape Shirreff and San Telmo Islets, Livingston Island, Antarctica: 1998-1997. Serie Científica Instituto Antártico Chileno 47: 123-135. Hucke-Gaete, R., Osman, L.P., Moreno, C.A. & Torres, D. 2004. Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27 (5): 304–311 Huckstadt, L., Costa, D. P., McDonald, B. I., Tremblay, Y., Crocker, D. E., Goebel, M. E. & Fedak, M. E. 2006. Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior of Southern Elephant Seals in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #OS33A-1684. INACH (Instituto Antártico Chileno) 2010. Chilean Antarctic Program of Scientific Research 2009-2010. Chilean Antarctic Institute Research Projects Department. Santiago, Chile. Kawaguchi, S., Nicol, S., Taki, K. & Naganobu, M. 2006. Fishing ground selection in the Antarctic krill fishery: Trends in patterns across years, seasons and nations. CCAMLR Science, 13: 117–141. Krause, D. J., Goebel, M. E., Marshall, G. J., & Abernathy, K. (2015). Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Animal Biotelemetry, 3:24. Krause, D.J., Goebel, M.E., Marshall. G.J. & Abernathy, K. In Press. Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Mammal Science.Leppe, M., Fernandoy, F., Palma-Heldt, S. & Moisan, P 2004. Flora mesozoica en los depósitos morrénicos de cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Península Antártica, in Actas del 10º Congreso Geológico Chileno.
    [Show full text]
  • THE POLAR RECORD Editor: L
    THE POLAR RECORD Editor: L. M. Forbes. Editorial Committee: B. B. Roberts, G. de Q. Robin, Sir J. M. Wordie Vol. 9 January 1959 No. 61 CONTENTS The Scott Polar Research Institute page 297 ARTICLES : The Canadian Northern Insect Survey, 1947-57. By T. N. Freeman 299 Recent economic developments in northern Quebec and Labrador. By J. Brian Bird . 308 Iron ore in Arctic Europe. By P. A. B. Gethin .... 314 Geodetic survey of northern Canada by shoran trilateration. By Angus C. Hamilton 320 The manuscript collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute. By Ann Savours .......... 331 FIELD WORK: British expedition to Vestspitsbergen, 1956 . • . 336 French expedition to central Greenland, 1956-57 .... 336 British expedition to north-west Greenland, 1957 .... 336 Soviet Arctic expeditions, 1957 337 The Northern Sea Route in 1957 337 Swedish-Finnish-Swiss International Geophysical Year Expedition to Nordaustlandet, 1957-58; and Swedish Expedition to Nordaust- landet, 1958-59: Season 1957-58. ...... 338 Swedish Glaciological Expedition to Nordaustlandet, 1958 . 339 Under-ice crossing of the Arctic basin: U.S.S. Nautilus and U.S.S. Skate, 1958 340 . Arctic Institute Greenland Expedition, 1958 341 British naval hydrographic surveys in the Falkland Islands Depen- dencies, 1956-57 and 1957-58 '. 341 The Australian automatic weather station on Lewis Islet, Wilkes Land 342 Anglo-American physiological team in Ross Dependency, 1957-58 . 343 NOTES : Extension of International Geophysical Year activities into 1959 . 345 Norwegian-Soviet sealing agreement, 1958 ..... 845 Tenth meeting of the International Whaling Commission, 1958 . 349 New Soviet ice-strengthened ships 350 New geographical institute in Siberia 350 ig Pit 296 CONTENTS NOTES (cont.) Soviet organizations concerned with the Antarctic .
    [Show full text]
  • Land-Based Tourism in Antarctica
    IP (number) Agenda Item: CEP 7b, ATCM 10 Presented by: ASOC Original: English Land-Based Tourism in Antarctica 1 IP (number) Summary This paper examines the interface between commercial land based tourism and the use of national program infrastructure, as well as recent developments in land-based tourism. Eight Parties responded to a questionnaire distributed by ASOC at ATCMs XXXI and XXXII. None of the respondents reported providing any support to tourism other than free basic hospitality, and most respondents explicitly opposed the notion of Parties being involved in tourism operations. Based on these responses it is apparent that some Parties have identified two locations where commercial land based tourism takes place using infrastructure from National Antarctic Programs. All land-based tourism operations rely directly or indirectly on some form of state support, including permits, use of runways, and use of facilities and terrain adjacent to research stations. The continued improvement of land-based facilities such as runways and camps, and the broad array of land activities now available to tourists, indicate that land-based tourism is growing. If no actions are taken soon, land-based tourism may well become consolidated as a major activity in a few years. 1. Overview In 2008 ASOC submitted to XXXI ATCM IP 41, A decade of Antarctic tourism: Status, change, and actions needed. Among other issues relevant to Antarctic tourism, ASOC’s IP 41 discussed the interface between commercial land-based tourism and the activities of national Antarctic programs. The paper remarked on a disturbing lack of clarity with regard to aspects of land-based tourism – what an IAATO representative described aptly as “fogginess”.1 ASOC’s IP 41 included a table listing several facilities used to support land- based tourism, some of which were private commercial facilities and other facilities of National Antarctic programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Memoria Antártica Nacional Campaña Antártica 2014-2015 Santiago Diciembre De 2015 Presentación Del Ministro De Relaciones Exteriores
    Memoria Antártica Nacional Campaña Antártica 2014-2015 Santiago Diciembre de 2015 Presentación del Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores Sr. Heraldo Muñoz Valenzuela El 16 de diciembre de 2014, el Consejo de Política Antártica, que tengo el honor de presidir, reunido en Punta Arenas, entregó un mandato a las instituciones antárticas nacionales para la elaboración de una Memoria Antártica Nacional. El documento que presentamos, compilación inédita de las tareas que se desarrollan anualmente en ese continente, da cumplimiento a dicho mandato. El quehacer antártico nacional involucra a un amplio espectro de instituciones, las que destinan personas y recursos a la ejecución de las tareas que nuestra legislación les confiere. Cada una de estas entidades cumple un papel fundamental en el logro de los objetivos establecidos en la Política Antártica Nacional, documento rector de nuestros trabajos. El Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, en su rol de coordinador de la Política Antártica Nacional, ha enfatizado la difusión hacia la ciudadanía de la labor que las instituciones nacionales realizan en ese continente. Junto con describir de manera general las perspectivas que se abren para los intereses nacionales en este ámbito, este documento resalta los profundos vínculos históricos, geográficos y políticos que desde los inicios de nuestra historia patria nos unen con la Antártica. Al presentar esta primera Memoria Anual, es oportuno recordar el destacado papel de Chile durante las negociaciones del Tratado Antártico, instrumento internacional que cumplirá 55 años de vigencia en 2016, a través de sus delegados Marcial Mora, Enrique Gallardo y Julio Escudero; así como durante la evolución de las cuestiones antárticas en el ámbito multilateral, gracias a figuras como Oscar Pinochet de la Barra y Jorge Berguño.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan Anual Antártico Del Programa Antártico Argentino 2018-2019
    Programa Antártico Argentino Plan Anual Antártico 2018-2019 INTRODUCCIÓN La Argentina reivindica soberanía sobre el Sector Antártico Argentino, comprendido entre los meridianos 25° y 74° de longitud Oeste al sur del paralelo de 60° de latitud Sur, con fundamento en títulos históricos, geográficos, geológicos y jurídicos. La Argentina tiene presencia permanente e ininterrumpida en la Antártida desde el 22 de febrero de 1904, en que se estableciera la primera estación científica (Base Orcadas) en la Isla Laurie, Archipiélago de las Islas Orcadas del Sur. La Argentina, por tanto, tiene la presencia continua más antigua en la Antártida. La Argentina tiene seis bases permanentes (Carlini, Orcadas, Esperanza, Marambio, San Martín y Belgrano II) y siete bases temporarias (Brown, Primavera, Decepción, Melchior, Matienzo, Cámara y Petrel). Todas están situadas en el Sector Antártico Argentino. La Dirección Nacional del Antártico administra dos de ellas (las Bases Carlini y Brown) y el Ministerio de Defensa, a través del Comando Conjunto Antártico, administra las otras once. La Argentina es uno de los doce países que participaron en la Conferencia de Washington sobre la Antártida de 1959, y eso la llevó a ser uno de los doce signatarios originarios del Tratado Antártico. El Tratado establece que la Antártida se utilizará exclusivamente para fines pacíficos y erige a la ciencia en el centro de la actividad antártica. El artículo IV del Tratado resguarda adecuadamente las reivindicaciones de soberanía en la Antártida. Por tanto, uno de los ejes de la política exterior argentina es continuo fortalecimiento del conjunto de normas surgidas a partir del Tratado Antártico. Los lineamientos de la Política Antártica Nacional (PAN) están definidos por el Decreto 2316/90, cuyo objetivo principal es el P á g i n a 2 | 265 Programa Antártico Argentino Plan Anual Antártico 2018-2019 afianzamiento de los derechos argentinos de soberanía en la Antártida.
    [Show full text]
  • Seabirds of Human Settlements in Antarctica: a Case Study of the Mirny Station
    CZECH POLAR REPORTS 11 (1): 98-113, 2021 Seabirds of human settlements in Antarctica: A case study of the Mirny Station Sergey Golubev Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast, 152742, Russia Abstract Antarctica is free of urbanisation, however, 40 year-round and 32 seasonal Antarctic stations operate there. The effects of such human settlements on Antarctic wildlife are insufficiently studied. The main aim of this study was to determine the organization of the bird population of the Mirny Station. The birds were observed on the coast of the Davis Sea in the Mirny (East Antarctica) from January 8, 2012 to January 7, 2013 and from January 9, 2015 to January 9, 2016. The observations were carried out mainly on the Radio and Komsomolsky nunataks (an area of about 0.5 km²). The duration of observations varied from 1 to 8 hours per day. From 1956 to 2016, 13 non-breeding bird species (orders Sphenisciformes, Procellariiformes, Charadriiformes) were recorded in the Mirny. The South polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) and Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) form the basis of the bird population. South polar skuas are most frequently recorded at the station. Less common are Brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) and Adélie penguins. Adélie penguins, Wilson's storm petrels (Oceanites oceanicus), South polar and Brown skuas are seasonal residents, the other species are visitors. Adélie penguins, Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica), Wilson's storm petrels, South polar and Brown skuas interacted with the station environment, using it for com- fortable behavior, feeding, molting, shelter from bad weather conditions, and possible breeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile a Dissertation Presented to the Faculty Of
    Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brad T. Eidahl December 2017 © 2017 Brad T. Eidahl. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile by BRAD T. EIDAHL has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick M. Barr-Melej Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT EIDAHL, BRAD T., Ph.D., December 2017, History Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile Director of Dissertation: Patrick M. Barr-Melej This dissertation examines the struggle between Chile’s opposition press and the dictatorial regime of Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-1990). It argues that due to Chile’s tradition of a pluralistic press and other factors, and in bids to strengthen the regime’s legitimacy, Pinochet and his top officials periodically demonstrated considerable flexibility in terms of the opposition media’s ability to publish and distribute its products. However, the regime, when sensing that its grip on power was slipping, reverted to repressive measures in its dealings with opposition-media outlets. Meanwhile, opposition journalists challenged the very legitimacy Pinochet sought and further widened the scope of acceptable opposition under difficult circumstances. Ultimately, such resistance contributed to Pinochet’s defeat in the 1988 plebiscite, initiating the return of democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and The
    The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Sebastian Hurtado-Torres December 2016 © 2016 Sebastian Hurtado-Torres. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty, and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 by SEBASTIAN HURTADO-TORRES has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick Barr-Melej Associate Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT HURTADO-TORRES, SEBASTIAN, Ph.D., December 2016, History The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei’s Revolution in Liberty, and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 Director of Dissertation: Patrick Barr-Melej This dissertation explores the involvement of the United States in Chilean politics between the presidential campaign of 1964 and Salvador Allende’s accession to the presidency in 1970. The main argument of this work is that the partnership between the Christian Democratic Party of Chile (PDC) and the United States in this period played a significant role in shaping Chilean politics and thus contributed to its growing polarization. The alliance between the PDC and the United States was based as much on their common views on communism as on their shared ideas about modernization and economic development. Furthermore, the U.S. Embassy in Santiago, headed by men strongly committed to the success of the Christian Democratic project, involved itself heavily in the inner workings of Chilean politics as an informal actor, unable to dictate terms but capable of exerting influence on local actors whose interests converged with those of the United States.
    [Show full text]