Select Committee Effectiveness, Resources and Powers
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House of Commons Liaison Committee Select committee effectiveness, resources and powers Second Report of Session 2012–13 Volume I: Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Additional written evidence is contained in Volume II, available on the Committee website at www.parliament.uk/liaisoncom Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 25 October 2012 HC 697 Incorporating HC 1844-i, Session 2010–12 Published on 8 November 2012 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £14.50 Liaison Committee The Liaison Committee is appointed to consider general matters relating to the work of select committees; to advise the House of Commons Commission on select committees; to choose select committee reports for debate in the House and to hear evidence from the Prime Minister on matters of public policy. Current membership Rt Hon Sir Alan Beith MP (Liberal Democrat, Berwick-upon-Tweed) (Chair) The Chair of the following Select Committees are members of the Liaison Committee: Administration – Rt Hon Sir Alan Haselhurst MP (Conservative, Saffron Walden) Backbench Business – Natascha Engel MP (Labour, North East Derbyshire) Business, Innovation and Skills – Mr Adrian Bailey MP (Labour/Co-op, West Bromwich West) Communities and Local Government – Mr Clive Betts MP (Labour, Sheffield South East) Culture, Media and Sport – Mr John Whittingdale MP (Conservative, Maldon) Defence – Rt Hon James Arbuthnot MP (Conservative, North East Hampshire) Education – Mr Graham Stuart MP (Conservative, Beverley and Holderness) Energy and Climate Change – Mr Tim Yeo MP (Conservative, South Suffolk) Environmental Audit – Joan Walley MP (Labour, Stoke-on-Trent North) Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – Miss Anne McIntosh MP (Conservative, Thirsk and Malton) European Scrutiny – Mr William Cash MP (Conservative, Stone) Finance and Services – John Thurso MP (Liberal Democrat, Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross) Foreign Affairs – Richard Ottaway MP (Conservative, Croydon South) Health – Rt Hon Stephen Dorrell MP (Conservative, Charnwood) Home Affairs – Rt Hon Keith Vaz MP (Labour, Leicester East) Human Rights (Joint Committee) – Dr Hywel Francis MP (Labour, Aberavon) International Development – Rt Hon Sir Malcolm Bruce MP (Liberal Democrat, Gordon) Justice – Rt Hon Sir Alan Beith MP (Liberal Democrat, Berwick-upon-Tweed) Northern Ireland Affairs – Mr Laurence Robertson MP (Conservative, Tewkesbury) Political and Constitutional Reform – Mr Graham Allen MP (Labour, Nottingham North) Procedure – Mr Charles Walker MP (Conservative, Broxbourne ) Public Accounts – Rt Hon Margaret Hodge MP (Labour, Barking) Public Administration – Mr Bernard Jenkin MP (Conservative, Harwich and North Essex) Regulatory Reform – Mr Robert Syms MP (Conservative, Poole) Science and Technology – Andrew Miller MP (Labour, Ellesmere Port and Neston) Scottish Affairs – Mr Ian Davidson MP (Labour/Co-op, Glasgow South West) Selection – Geoffrey Clifton-Brown MP (Conservative, The Cotswolds) Standards and Privileges – Rt Hon Kevin Barron MP (Labour, Rother Valley) Statutory Instruments – Mr George Mudie MP (Labour, Leeds East) Transport – Mrs Louise Ellman MP (Labour/Co-op, Liverpool Riverside) Treasury – Mr Andrew Tyrie MP (Conservative, Chichester) Welsh Affairs – David T C Davies MP (Conservative, Monmouth) Work and Pensions – Dame Anne Begg MP (Labour, Aberdeen South) Powers The powers of the Committee are set out in House of Commons Standing Order No 145. The Standing Orders are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons- select/liaison-committee/ Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Andrew Kennon (Clerk), Philippa Helme (Second Clerk), Mark Hutton (Clerk to the National Policy Statements Sub- Committee), Kevin Candy (Senior Committee Assistant) and Susan Ramsay (Committee Assistant). Contacts All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerks of the Liaison Committee, House of Commons, London SW1A 0AA. The telephone number for general enquiries is 020 7219 5675; the Committee’s email address is [email protected] Select committee effectiveness, resources and powers 1 Contents Report Page Summary 3 1 Introduction 5 2 Select committees’ role and core tasks 8 The purpose of scrutiny 8 Core tasks 9 3 Committee activity 2010–12 12 Volume of activity 12 Member engagement 12 Application of the 60% rule 12 Coverage of the core tasks 14 Scrutiny of Government policy and new policy areas 14 Scrutiny of European matters 15 Pre-legislative scrutiny 16 Scrutiny of bills and secondary legislation 18 Scrutiny of departmental performance 19 Scrutiny of arm’s length bodies 19 Scrutiny of public appointments 20 Post-legislative scrutiny 20 Contribution to debate in the House 20 Different approaches 22 Different formats of inquiry 22 Joint working 23 Public engagement 23 Concerns 24 4 Increasing committee impact 25 The impact of committees 25 Strategic planning 26 Planning inquiries 27 Scrutiny of departmental performance 27 Evidence sessions 29 Commissioned research 30 Reports 30 Follow-up 31 Joint inquiries 32 Communication 32 Professional development 35 Committee behaviour 37 5 The co-operation of Government 38 Departments’ record of co-operation 38 2 Select committee effectiveness, resources and powers Government responses 38 Information 39 Witnesses 40 A new compact? 40 6 Select committee resources and staffing 42 7 Select committee powers 46 8 Our vision for the future 48 Annex A: Draft Liaison Committee objectives for the 2010–2015 Parliament 49 Annex B: National Assembly for Wales — Job Description for Chairs 50 Conclusions and recommendations 51 Formal Minutes 57 Witnesses 60 List of printed written evidence 60 List of additional written evidence 61 Select committee effectiveness, resources and powers 3 Summary In this report we review the role, resources and tasks of the select committees appointed by the House of Commons to scrutinise the Government. Our view is that the primary role of select committees is to influence Government, but it is sometimes in the public interest for their scrutiny to extend to other organisations. They also act as a forum for debate and put issues on the agenda. We review the “core tasks” — the common objectives for departmental select committees agreed in 2002 — and propose some changes to reflect new priorities and developments in Government. We review committee activity since the 2010 General Election, and the impact of the 2010 “Wright reforms”. We examine how effective committees have been in addressing the range of their responsibilities and highlight examples of good practice and innovation. While there is a consensus that committees have been successful in influencing Government, our inquiry found a number of areas where they could do better. Committees need to be clearer about their objectives, both for individual inquiries and for the longer term. In scrutinising departmental performance, committees should be forward-looking, holding post mortems of past events only if there are lessons for the future. Committees should give more attention to the cost of policies and how departments ensure they offer good value for money. We recommend that committees experiment with different approaches, such as appointing rapporteurs to lead inquiries, using specialist advisers to question witnesses on technical subjects, and commissioning external research. And we encourage committees to broaden their range of witnesses. We encourage committees to keep reports reasonably short and focused and recommend a change in the format of reports to distinguish more clearly between conclusions and recommendations. And we recommend that more attention be given to following up recommendations in earlier reports, to ensure they have impact. We attach particular importance to improving the effective communication of committees’ work. Increasing media diversity means that committees have to be clear about what they want to achieve and their target audience. We want to see committee teams making much more imaginative use of the parliament website, and facility for richer audio-visual content. We agree with our witnesses that more effort needs to be put into the induction and continuing professional development of committee members. We encourage committees to make use of trainers to develop their questioning skills, and set out guidelines for committee chairs. We acknowledge the risk to committee reputation if witnesses are not treated with courtesy. We note that cooperation from Government is crucial to effective scrutiny and highlight a number of complaints from committees, about late or inadequate responses to reports, about delays or obstruction in the supply of information, and constraints over the choice of departmental witnesses. We call for a new compact between Parliament and Government, 4 Select committee effectiveness, resources and powers recognising both the constraints of the civil service but also the legitimate wish of Parliament for more effective accountability. We consider whether the staffing and other resources available to committees is adequate given committees’ increasing activity and changing expectations. We want to see more stability in committee staffing, and greater involvement by chairs in staff appraisal