LDT Product Guide

The Responsible Choice for... all your Hardwoods, Laminated Timber, Softwood Clears, Flooring & Decking BM TRADA’S® FOREST PRODUCTS CHAIN OF CUSTODY

WElCoME To lDT WElCoME To lDT

Established in March 2011, LDT has quickly become one of the UK’s leading timber stockists and distributors.

Our small friendly team of industry experts has over 150 years combined experience in the sourcing, shipping, distribution and trading of Softwood and Hardwood Timber products.

LDT has an extensive worldwide supply network and works closely with all its suppliers to ensure we supply the finest grade and quality timber and timber products at market competitive levels.

The company policy is to trade only with importers and merchants.

As per our Groups policy, LDT is committed to sourcing material in compliance with EUTR 995/210. DDS (Due Diligence System) which was implemented and ONLY product with negligible status will be procured. Where possible, timber products will be purchased that are independently certified as coming from well managed forest organisations such as PEFC or FSC. Where certified product is not available, third party verified is sourced in high risk areas where governance is weak. In addition LDT is signed up to Timber Trade Federation (TTF) responsible purchasing policy, which is The Environmental Code of Practice to all wood Procurement activities and it is third party audited.

3 LDT Product Guide ouR CoMMITMEnT To ThE EnvIRonMEnT ouR CoMMITMEnT To ThE EnvIRonMEnT

LDT recognise the importance of environmental considerations in operating the business. As a responsible organisation, LDT, being part of James Latham Plc seeks to follow in all areas of its activities, policies that recognise this. It is considered that with best practices observed, timber and wood products are the ultimate sustainable and recyclable materials, requiring low energy consumption to process and being thermally efficient in use.

Where possible, the Company will purchase timber products independently certified as coming from well-managed forests by organisations such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). The Company has set up third party audited chain of custody systems to ensure that this material is not mixed with products of unknown origin.

Where certified product is not available, LDT is committed to sourcing materials from suppliers who are operating within the laws of their own country. Third party verification is sought in high-risk areas where governance is weak. The Timber Trades Federation (TTF) responsible purchasing policy, which is a risk based due diligence process, is carried out on suppliers.

The Group aims to adopt environmental standards at least equal to legal requirements and to integrate environmental considerations into its decision making in such areas as transport, energy usage, treatment plants, waste disposal and health and safety requirements.

The FSC® and PEFC logo identifies timber from well managed forests.

For further information on our scope of FSC certifications please visit www.fsc-info.org We refer to our product specifications in this brochure for the availibility of FSC products. For further information on PEFC certifications please visit www.pefc.org

4 LDT Product Guide TTF CERTIFICaTIon TTF CERTIFICaTIon

TTF - LDT Certifi cate to come

5 LDT Product Guide CERTIFIED TIMBERS CERTIFIED TIMBERS

Why choose certiFied timber?

Forests A forest which is responsibly managed can produce timber indefinitely. By producing and supplying certified timbers, we can help to ensure that the timber supply base can be maintained for the future. These timbers will guarantee timber for future generations.

our World The natural forest is a delicate ecosystem, which stores carbon and 1 contributes to recycling of water, maintaining climate stability and protecting biodiversity. Conversion of natural forest to other uses is problematic and a matter of concern because such activities contribute to CO2 emission when the forest is burned. Contrary to this, wood which is based on sustainable forest management is CO2 neutral.

PeoPle A forest which is responsibly managed also ensures the rights of local and indigenous people. Free, prior and informed consent are essential elements to ensure that different stakeholder interests are taken care of. Respecting the lives and cultures of local and indigenous peoples ensures that their way of 2 life, sometimes developed over centuries, can be maintained.

WildliFe By safeguarding forest areas so that the wildlife is maintained, good forest management ensures that the forest habitat, for both animals and plants, is protected. Species currently endangered, such as the western lowland gorilla or forest elephant, can continue to be afforded a habitat where they can survive and, hopefully, thrive in the future.

ecosystem Good forest management ensures that the delicate forest ecosystem is 3 maintained and thus the level of biodiversity is sustained.

customer AWAreness As the public becomes more aware of the importance of protecting our environments they will inevitably demand more and more timber from sustainable sources. We are actively working with our suppliers to secure a steady supply of certified timber to satisfy future demand.

4 Certification is vital for forests worldwide

Images 2 & 4 © DLH Hardwood Image 3 © Edward Parker

6 LDT Product Guide CERTIFIED TIMBERS CERTIFIED TIMBERS

sustAinAble troPicAl timber Production – a simplified description of complex forest dynamics

year 0 – the Forest year 1 – trees harvested

year 20 – shade creators established year 30 – new Juvenile established

The illustrations represent the 30 year cycle of selective, responsible harvesting of mature trees in an African tropical forest, a process which protects the ecosystem, forms the basis of sustainability in the tropics, and can be repeated indefinitely.

Illustrations courtesy of the DLH Group

certiFied timbers AVAilAble to order Fsc® American White Oak 1" to 2" Sapele Various American Hard Maple 1" and 2" European Oak 1" to 4" American Tulipwood 1" to 2" Massaranduba Decking 21 x 145mm American Ash 1" to 2" Balau Decking 19 x 90, 21 x 145mm Utile Various Accoya Iroko Various

sGs (legally verified – 3rd Party) Sapele 1" to 4" Utile 1" to 4" Iroko 1" to 3"

PeFc Meranti Various FAS Oak 1" to 3"

csA Western Red Cedar Various Douglas Fir Various Hemlock Various

For our range of certified engineered hardwood and softwood, see pages 30 and 31 or contact ldt for further details.

7 LDT Product Guide FSC CERTIFICaTIon FSC CERTIFICaTIon

8 LDT Product Guide PEFC CERTIFICaTIon PEFC CERTIFICaTIon

9 PRoDuCTS environmental schemes p.12 timber terminology p.13

HARDWOODS north American Ash p.14 White Oak p.14 Cherry p.15 Maple p.15 Red Oak p.16 Tulipwood or Yellow Poplar p.16 Black Walnut p.17 Grading of American timber p.18

Far eastern Jelutong p.20 Meranti p.20 Keruing p.21 Grading of Far eastern hardwood p.22

African Idigbo p.24 Iroko p.24 Koto p.25 Movingui p.25 Obeche p.25 Sapele p.26 Utile p.26 Wenge p.26 Grading of African timber p.27

SOFTWOODS north American & canadian Clear Douglas Fir p.28 Western Red Cedar p.28 Pacific Coast Hemlock p.29

ENGINEERED TIMBER SECTIONS iLam p.30

MODIFIED/HEAT TREATED TIMBER Accoya p.32 look for the Fsc® certified products iDECK p.34 LDT Product Guide EnvIRonMEnTal SChEMES & TIMBER PuRChaSIng EnvIRonMEnTal SChEMES & TIMBER PuRChaSIng

ldt Guide to enVironmentAl certiFicAtion schemes

Meeting government contract requirements Timber and timber products must have been legally and sustainably produced. FLEGT-licensed timber is also permitted but is not currently available on the market.

The policy is mandatory for all Central Government Departments, Executive Agencies and Non Departmental Public Bodies. Local Authorities, other public bodies and the private sector are also encouraged to adopt responsible timber procurement policies. The contractor must, before delivering timber or timber products, obtain documentary evidence that the timber is both legal and responsible. The authority can demand to see this evidence for a period up to 6 years after delivery.

The policy is implemented through contract clauses and applies to all timber and wood derived products.

In order to demonstrate that timber is from a legal and responsible source, it is necessary to prove:

• That the forest source was legally and sustainably managed. This includes social criteria relating to indigenous forest dwellers and forest workers. The government have produced definitions of what is meant by legal and responsible. • The source of timber. As the policy applies to legality and responsibility in the forest it is necessary to be able to trace the source of timber and products made of wood through various stages from the forest to the final product. This is usually done through an audited system of Chain of Custody.

The Government has set up the Central Point of Expertise on Timber (CPET) to advise on the criteria for meeting the requirements for legal and responsible timber. Category A criteria involves the assessment of the various timber certification schemes and category B criteria sets out the evidence required for timber not covered by one of the approved certification schemes – namely that the source of the timber has been or can be independently verified by an appropriate body as meeting the defined standards for responsible forest management and there is a robust chain of custody.

CPET has judged that the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC®), the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC), the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and the Responsible Forestry Initiative (SFI) meet the requirement for legal and responsible timber so long as the minimum content as defined by the scheme is 70%. CSA and SFI are both endorsed under the PEFC process. Timber certified under the new Malaysian Timber Standard (MTCS) endorsed by PEFC will also meet the requirements for responsibility. This is still being implemented in Malaysia. There is still some timber certified against the old MTCC standard (MTCC) but this is not endorsed by PEFC and is classified as ‘legal’ by CPET.

Up to date information on this can be obtained from our website, from our sales staff or the CPET website www.cpet.org.uk. Other environmentally concerned specifiers are modelling their requirements on the government’s timber procurement policy.

VeriFied leGAl And certiFied timber And PAnel Products

We are proud to continue the tradition of holding comprehensive timber stocks of temperate and tropical timber. These include European softwood, British and European hardwoods, hardwoods from West Africa, the Far East and America. All are purchased in accordance with our environmental purchasing policy. Wherever possible, we buy material certified to one of the recognised schemes.

LDT are registered to handle third party certificated timber under the FSC®/PEFC banner. BM TRADA are the independent assessors. LDT is a signatory to the TTF Responsible Purchasing Policy (RPP).

Our suppliers have their own third party accreditation and unique chain of custody number. LDT purchases FSC and PEFC materials from its suppliers using a clearly defined, documented system, stating product description and our own chain of custody number.

Supplier paperwork is checked carefully and when goods are received, product is checked and stored separately or clearly marked. All FSC and PEFC products have their own product code to ensure accurate order selection for onward delivery to our customers.

Our customers can only use or sell on products as third party certified material if they have their own third party accredited chain of custody.

Our range of FSC and PEFC Timber and Panel Products has now been supplemented with SGS legally sourced Sapele, MTCC accredited Malaysian Hardwood, CSA accredited Softwood, SFI and FSC North American Hardwoods. 12 LDT Product Guide TIMBER TERMI nolog Y TIMBER TERMInologY

density Timbers vary in density depending on their species and moisture content. The values quoted are averages at 15% but the increase caused by moisture can be estimated by adding 0.5% of the given weight for every 1% increase in moisture content. description The colour refers to the Heartwood of a timber, but each board may be subject to some variation and most timbers change colour when exposed to daylight. drying and Kilning Higher temperatures and reduced humidity found in most new buildings make it essential to condition Hardwood before manufacturing into woodwork. This is achieved by kiln drying timber, reducing the natural moisture in wood. The majority of timbers today are already kiln dried, except for those sold especially for external construction work, and commonly, sold at an average moisture content of 121⁄2 - 15%, suitable for the most internal situations bar those with continuous central heating. North American timbers are imported already kiln dried to a moisture content varying on average 8 - 10% reflecting the widespread use of air-conditioning and central heating in the United States. durability The durability of timber is based on the results of the ‘Grave Yard’ test, where pieces of Heartwood 50mm x 50mm x 0.6mm are stuck in the ground and, fully exposed to the elements, are left to rot. The timber is then classified according to the number of years taken before decay becomes obvious. The classifications are: perishable 0-5 years including all sapwood; non-durable 5-10 years; moderately durable 10-15 years; durable 15-25 years; very durable 25+ years. This is a particularly harsh test and a durable timber used in most external situations where it does not actually touch the ground, can be expected to last for some years longer.

Flat sawn Timber cut tangentially to the annual growth rings, often called through and through.

Knots Knots give figure to wood as the grain is deflected around them and because of the shapes of hard dark tissue. They can be desirable aesthetically e.g. pippy oak. machining This refers to the ease of working and is classified as excellent, good, medium and difficult (where care should be taken in machining). moisture movement This refers to the dimensional changes that occur when dried timber is subjected to changes in atmospheric conditions. The movement is classified as small, medium and large. For situations where varying humidities are likely to be encountered and stability of a component is important, a small movement species should be specified e.g. decorative wood flooring. The most recent standard for moisture content in general joinery is BSEN 942 1996 Timber & Joinery.

Paint/stain This refers to the ease of accepting a stain or paint finish and is classified as excellent, good, satisfactory and poor.

Prices on Application Prices are available from our Sales Offices. A surcharge may be levied on orders valued at £230 or less.

Price ranges £ - Inexpensive ££ - Value for money £££ - Mid range ££££ - Top range.

Quarter sawn Cut radially from the log to give an edge vertical or straight grained appearance. specification The majority of imported Hardwood is in the form of Square Edged boards of random width and length. These are normally sold on the basis of 6' and up in length, and 6" and wider in width. However, Far Eastern timbers are more commonly 8' and longer, 6" and wider, and North American timbers are 6' and longer, and 4" and wider. The specification shows the average length and range, and the average width and range. Constructional Hardwoods are usually offered sawn to size. Where logs are available it is mentioned. springwood/ Depending on which part of the year most of the growing period; if springwood the growth ring is lighter summerwood less dense and less strong mechanically than summerwood. square edged Square edged boards are free from wane without eased edges. texture Surface texture depends on the size and distribution of the wood cells and, less importantly, rays. Classification ranges from fine e.g. cherry with small vessels, through medium to coarse e.g. oak with large vessels. uses The list of uses covers most common applications but should not regarded as exhaustive.

Weights Average weights are given for each timber at an average Moisture Content of 12%. 13 LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS noRTh aMERICan haRDWooDS

Ash Fraxinus Americana north American White Ash FAs, FAs 1 FAce se Kiln dried

Northern Ash, also known as ‘Tough Ash’ is pale cream to greyish brown in colour, generally straight grained, with a coarse but even texture. It is appropriate for applications where strength is a requirement. Available in other grades, e.g. Common & Selects. FSC® stock available on request.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Traditionally used for sports equipment and Average length 8' Average width 7" 25 50 100 striking handles, it is increasingly used for joinery, Range 6' to 15' Range 4" to 12" 32 63 furniture, shopfitting panelling and flooring. 38 75 Price range – ££ Ash White oAK

Medium Excellent Good Non-durable 670 kg/m3

White oAK Quercus Alba north American White oak – FAs & FAs 1 FAce 80 – 20 se Kiln dried

Colour ranges from a light yellowy brown to pale biscuit, occasionally with a pinkish tinge depending on region and site condition in Eastern USA. Straight grained with a medium to coarse texture, it machines fairly readily and stains and polishes to an excellent finish. Also available Super Prime, parallel sawn, pulled to width and strips. From time to time we have lower grades and shorts available. e.g. Common & Selects.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Widely used for interior joinery, panelling, furniture, Average length 8' Average width 7" 25 50 100 shopfitting, and flooring. Range 6' to 15' Range 4" to 12" 32 63 38 75 Price range – £££ Kd Prime 225mm + wider s/e Am K/d FAs 80/20 25 38 63 32 50 75

Medium Medium Good Durable 760 kg/m3

Images courtesy of the American Hardwood Export Council. www.ahec-europe.org

For symbol explanation see page 13. 14 LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS noRTh aMERICan haRDWooDS

Prunus Serotina cherry north American cherry FAs, FAs 1 FAce se Kiln dried

Colour ranges from golden yellow in the sapwood, to pinkish red in the heartwood. Straight grained, it has a fine even texture, which machines and finishes extremely well. Available in other grades, e.g. Common & Selects. FSC® stock available on request. uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Used for cabinet making, furniture, decorative Average length 8' Average width 7" 25 50 100 joinery and kitchens in particular. It is also Range 6' to 12' Range 4" to 8" 32 63 excellent for turnery. Not suitable for exterior use. 38 75 Price range – ££££ cherry mAPle

Medium Excellent Good Moderate 580 kg/m3

Acer Saccharum/Acer Nigrum mAPle north American hard maple – FAs, FAs1 FAce 80 – 20 se Kiln dried selected for colour 1 & 2 White

Colour cream to a pale reddish brown, renowned for its strength and resistance to shock, Hard Maple is straight grained with a fine texture. FSC stock available on request. uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Traditionally a flooring timber, it is also used for Average length 8' Average width 8" 25 50 100 furniture, turnery, musical instruments, shopfitting Range 6' to 14' Range 4" to 12" 32 63 and internal joinery. 38 75 Not suitable for exterior use. Price range – ££££

Small Excellent Satisfactory Non-durable 630 kg/m3

Images courtesy of the American Hardwood Export Council. www.ahec-europe.org

For symbol explanation see page 13. 15 LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS noRTh aMERICan haRDWooDS

red oAK Quercus spp north American red oak – FAs & FAs 1 FAce 80 – 20 se Kiln dried

Colour ranges from a light yellowish brown to pale biscuit, occasionally with pinkish tinge due to soil and climate conditions. Primarily we sell Northern Red Oak Quercus Rubra. The wood is extremely porous and therefore not suitable for tight cooperage.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Widely used for interior joinery, panelling, boxes, Average length 8' Average width 7" 25 50 100 furniture, shopfitting, flooring and windows. Range 6' to 15' Range 4" to 12" 32 63 38 75 Price range – £££ red oAK tuliPWood or yelloW PoPlAr

Medium Excellent Good Non-durable 790 kg/m3

tuliPWood or yelloW PoPlAr Liriodendron Tulipifera north American FAs, & FAs 1 FAce 80 – 20 se Kiln dried

Colour ranges from white to pale olive green to brown. It is straight grained, of even texture and grain and relatively strong. Available in other grades, e.g. Common & Selects. Moderately light weight and low shock resistant. FSC® stock available on request.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Used for interior joinery, panelling, furniture Average length 8' Average width 7" 25 50 100 manufacture and mouldings, it is increasingly Range 6' to 15' Range 4" to 12" 32 63 used as an alternative to Ramin, Obeche and 38 75 Rubberwood. Price range – £

Medium Excellent Excellent Non-durable 380-450 kg/m3

Images courtesy of the American Hardwood Export Council. www.ahec-europe.org

For symbol explanation see page 13. 16 blAcK WAlnut haRDWooDS 17 3 660 kg/m blAcK WAlnut haRDWooDS Price range – ££££ sizes mm s/e K/d FAs 25 32 38 50 63 75 100 Moderate Juglans Nigra

north American FAs 1 FAce se Kiln dried north American FAs Average width 7" Range 4" to 12" MERICan ' to 15' Excellent orth American species. For full details regarding specifications,orth American species. For full details regarding pecification s Average length 8' Range 6' hnoRT a Excellent lack Walnut grading varies from other n b Small ses u making, high quality Widely used for cabinet joinery doors and shopfitting. decorative appearance due to its outstanding grain, colour and pattern. Grain patterns vary from very plain to highly figured. pattern. Grain patterns vary from very plain due to its outstanding grain, colour and decorative appearance The colour varies from a light grey-brown to a chocolate brown to purplish brown, and finishes beautifully with an excellentto purplish brown, and finishes beautifully a light grey-brown to a chocolate brown The colour varies from LDT Product Guide LDT Product Images courtesy of the American Hardwood Export Council. www.ahec-europe.org For symbol explanation see page 13. We offer American black Walnut in Prime Grades, selected to a very high specification and available ex stock. We offer American black Walnut in Prime Grades, selected to a very high specification Please contact ldt sales for further information on our range. the nhlA grades have been altered for this species because of availability and nature of the timber growth the nhlA grades have been altered for the FAs lumber grade allows a 5 inch minimum width and 6 foot (around 1% of the standing forest resource). which is not considered a defect, will turn a darker colour to minimum length. When steamed, the sapwood, and is admitted without limit. assist blending in the finishing process please see the Ahec website www.ahec-europe.org American LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS gRaDIng oF aMERICan TIMBER

FAs

The FAS grade, which derives from an original grade “First and Seconds”, will provide the user with long, clear cuttings – best suited for high quality furniture, interior joinery and solid wood mouldings. The FAS grade includes a range of boards that yield from 83 1/3% (10/12 ths) to 100% clear-wood cuttings over the entire surface of the board. The clear cuttings must be a minimum size of 3" wide by 7' long or 4" wide by 5' long. The number of these cuttings permitted depends on the size of the board with most boards permitting one to two. The minimum width and length will vary, depending on species and whether the board is green or kiln dried. both faces of the board must meet the minimum requirement for FAs. GrAdinG oF AmericAn timber

Note: Minimum yield 83 1/3% clear wood cuttings on the poor face of the board.

FAs one FAce (F1F)

This grade is nearly always shipped with FAS. The better face must meet all FAS requirements while the poor face must meet all the requirements of the Number 1 Common grade, thus ensuring the buyer with at least one FAS face. Often export shipments are assembled with an 80-20 mix, 80% being the percentage of FAS boards and 20% being the percentage of the F1F boards. These percentages are strictly left to individual buyer and seller agreement.

selects

This grade is virtually the same as F1F except for the minimum board size required. Selects allow boards 4" and wider and 6' and longer in length. The Selects grade is generally associated with the northern regions of the USA and is also shipped in combination with the FAS grade.

Often export shipments of the upper grades are simply referred to as FAS. The conventional business practice for American hardwoods is to ship these upper grades in some combination. Working closely with the supplier will enable the buyer to be sure that the expected quality will be received. Whether FAS is combined with F1F (Face And better) or Selects (sel And better) every board in the shipment must have a minimum of one FAS face.

Prime grade: This grade has evolved from the NHLA grade of FAS for the export market. It is square edged and virtually wane free. The minimum clear yield will be select and better with appearance being a major factor. Minimum size of the boards varies, depending on the species, region and supplier.

comsel grade: This grade has evolved from the NHLA grades of Number 1 Common and Selects. For the export market the minimum clear yield should be Number 1 Common or slightly better with appearance a main factor. Minimum size of the boards varies, depending on the species, region and supplier.

note: The terms Prime and Comsel are not standard NHLA definitions and therefore fall outside the official range of the NHLA grading rules.

Images courtesy of the American Hardwood Export Council. www.ahec-europe.org 18 * LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS gRaDIng oF aMERICan TIMBER

The following show characteristics that occur in US hardwoods. Some are inherent to certain species and others are generic to all. These characteristics either occur naturally in the lumber or as a result of the drying process. the nhlA grading rules allow the following characteristics in the clear cutting percentages for all grades and they are therefore not considered defects.

HEARTWOOD and SAPWOOD BURL GUM STREAKS Heartwood is the mature wood, which is often darker, extending A swirl or twist in the grain of the wood that does not contain Mineral-like streaks of colour naturally occurring only in cherry. from the sapwood to the pith. Sapwood is the lighter coloured a knot. wood growing from inside the bark to the heartwood. GrAdinG oF AmericAn timber

MINERAL STREAKS GLASSWORM STICKER MARK Streaks of colour ranging from olive to blackish-brown, which Random mineral like tracts. Usually associated with ash. The mark left on the board from a seasoning sticker, which can typically follow the grain pattern. be removed in the surfacing planing process. the nhlA grading rules do not allow the following characteristics in the clear cuttings for all grades and they are therefore considered defects.

BARK POCKET BIRD PECKS CHECK A bark-filled distortion in the grain pattern. Small blemishes in the grain pattern resulting from birds A lengthwise opening on the face of the board resulting from pecking that sometimes contain ingrown bark. An exception rapid or faulty drying. to the rule is hickory and elm.

DECAY OR ROT UNSOUND KNOT SOUND KNOT The breaking down of the wood substance by fungi. The dis- A circular area that once formed the base of a branch or twig A knot solid across its face, which shows no indication of decay. colouration of the sapwood indicates the initial evidence of decay. and has a pith centre (in some cases the wood may be missing).

SPLIT STICKER STAIN WANE A lengthwise separation of the wood created as the wood dries. Stain that is typically grey in colour occurring from stickers Bark or the lack of wood caused by the round nature of the Shake is a separation between the annual growth rings. used to season lumber. tree or log.

WORM HOLES PITH GRUB HOLES Holes in the wood ranging in size from 1/16" to over 1/4". The small soft core at the structural centre of the tree. Holes larger than 1/4".

Images courtesy of the American Hardwood Export Council. www.ahec-europe.org 19 LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS FaR EaSTERn haRDWooDS

JelutonG Dyera Costulata selects & better se Kiln dried, 100% PeFc

Colour creamy white to straw. It is straight grained and of fine even texture, although latex traces may be found.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d Traditionally a pattern making Average length 12' 25 75 timber, it is also used for Range 8' to 15' 38 carving, interior joinery and Average width 7" 50 fittings. Not suitable for Range 6" to 12" external purposes. Price range – ££ JelutonG merAnti Small Good Good Non-durable 460 kg/m3

merAnti Shorea Spp selects & better dark red se Kiln dried, 100% PeFc

Colour medium to dark reddish brown with white Dammar or resin streaks. Fairly coarse texture with an interlocked grain. Works fairly easily and gives a good finish.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d General joinery and Average length 10' 25 38 100 constructional work, Range 6' to 18' 23 x 225 50 boat building as well as Average width 8" 32 63 shopfitting and furniture, Range 6" to 12" 32 x 225 75 Parquet Flooring. Price range – ££

Small Good Poor Moderate 670 kg/m3

Machined Meranti P.A.R. Window Board with bullnose and rebate 45mm x 70mm 45mm x 95mm 26mm x 170mm 26mm x 245mm 26mm x 220mm

Good stocks of PeFc meranti now available.

For symbol explanation see page 13. 20 * LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS FaR EaSTERn haRDWooDS

KeruinG standard & better se kiln dried and air dried, 100% PeFc, sVlK

Sapwood is a greyish-brown, heartwood varies from light red to reddish brown or brown, darkening on exposure. Grain is usually straight but may be interlocked. Timber contains oleo-resin which exudes normally from end grain. Keruing is available in sawn sizes or machined to standard half lap profiles for truck flooring.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d Used for truck flooring, Average length 12' 25 50 100 exterior cill sections, Range 8' to 20' 32 63 22 x 145 ½ lap structural blockwork, road Average width 7" 38 75 28 x 145 ½ lap

and street bollards. KeruinG Not suitable for interior joinery. Price range – ££

Medium Difficult Poor Moderately-durable 740 kg/m3 KD 900-1050 kg/m3 AD

For symbol explanation see page 13. 21 LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS gRaDIng oF FaR EaSTERn haRDWooD

the mAlAysiAn GrAdinG rules

The first set of “The Malayan Grading Rules for Sawn Hardwood Timbers” was issued in 1949. Since then, the MGR (as it is popularly known) has undergone a number of revisions and fine-tuning.

rAtionAle behind the mAlAysiAn GrAdinG rules

The MGR was conceived to ensure quality to buyers of Malaysian timbers. The most important aspect of the MGR is that it deals with the quality of appearance of the sawntimber. The major part of the rules concern the quality of cut (“the Cutting System”) and the amount of cutting defects that are allowed in each grade (“the Defect System”). The rules were designed to eliminate defects due to production and limit the amount of natural defects allowed under each grade. GrAdinG oF FAr eAstern hArdWood Under the Cutting System, the higher grades are accorded to sawntimber pieces that yield a higher percentage of defect-free cuttings. This system is used for grading timbers that are usually re-sawn into smaller dimensions during applications. As most Malaysian timbers are imported for further processing, this system is the most commonly used method for grading Malaysian timbers. In this system, the percentage of good clean-cut surface that can be obtained from a piece of timber will determine the grade of the timber.

Under the Defect System, it is recognised that several natural defects cannot be eliminated through technology. The MGR allows for the inclusion of these natural defects wherever they do not interfere with the final utilisation and integrity of the timbers. This system is used to grade timbers that are destined to be used for specific purposes and are intended to be used in the sizes in which they are supplied. Examples of timber graded under this system are railway sleepers and cross arms.

The number of defects determines the grade assigned to the sawntimber. Defects that are normally deemed permissible include sound knots, phloem and pin holes. Since these defects occur naturally, special dispensations have been included in the rules to cater for them. As such, there are provisions in the rules for buyers to purchase timbers under a PHND (Pin Holes No Defect) or IPND (Included Phloem No Defect) or SKND (Sound Knots No Defect) specification. Under such circumstances, the grades will be specially marked as PHND or IPND, etc.

some AreAs oF sPeciAl interest

There are areas that will be of special interest to buyers of graded Malaysian timbers:

1. rules dealing with size tolerance Timbers tend to shrink upon drying. To allow for this expected shrinkage, the MGR recommends that timbers be sawn oversized, with an allowance to compensate for this shrinkage. Timbers sawn with such an allowance for shrinkage are described as full sawn. However, full sawn timbers are more expensive as the cost of the extra material supplied will eventually be borne by the buyers. In cases where the final size of the piece of timber is not critical to its utilisation, e.g., when the timber is re-sawn before usage, the buyers can specify that the timber need not be full sawn. This is to save costs. In these cases, the buyers can specify that the timber be sawn to its exact dimension, or bare sawn. This cost-saving measure can be taken further by specifying that the timber be sawn to a dimension slightly less than specified, i.e., scant sawn. Whether the timber is purchased as full, bare or scant sawn, it is very much a matter of buyer-seller contractual agreement. Under specifications for bare or scant sawn timbers, all documents will have to bear the correct specifications and all grades will be marked with the words “bare” or “scant”. In the absence of such a prior contractual agreement, all timbers are presumed to be full sawn timbers.

2. rules for grading kiln-dried timber Timber to be kiln-dried will be graded before kiln-drying. Timbers are to be sawn with recommended oversize and provisions for scant sawn do not apply. Defects developed during the kiln-drying process will be the responsibility of the kiln operator, who shall reject all defective pieces. The kiln operator will issue a kiln-drying certificate, which will be endorsed by the Grading Authority with the statement “timber kiln-dried after grading”. No kiln-dried timber can be exported without this endorsement, which proves that the timbers were graded and inspected prior to kiln-drying.

22 * LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS gRaDIng oF FaR EaSTERn haRDWooD

sPeciFyinG timbers under the mAlAysiAn GrAdinG rules

Depending on the purpose for which the timbers are purchased, buyers who wish to buy graded timbers from Malaysia have a choice of having their timber graded under the General Market Specification or the Special Market Specification.

General Market Specification sPeciFicAtion system used GrAdes AVAilAble is reserved for timbers, e.g., boards and planks, that are General market specification usually re-sawn before use • Prime • Sound and the timbers are graded • Boards/Planks Cutting System • Select • Serviceable • Standard • Utility under the Cutting System. For this reason, the presence special market specification of good, clean-cut surfaces • Prime Wides and Panels Cutting System • Prime are important and the grades • Strips Cutting System • Prime • Sound GrAdinG oF FAr eAstern hArdWood are determined according to • Select • Serviceable the percentage of clear faces • Standard • Utility that can be obtained from the • Scantlings Defect System • Select & Better • Sound • Standard • Utility piece of timber. • Serviceable • Sleepers Defect System • Select & Better Special Market Specification • Standard & Better deals with timbers for specific • Shorts Defect System • Prime • Sound purposes and the final sizes • Select • Serviceable are usually specified, e.g., • Standard railway sleepers and cross • Cross Arms Defect System • Select & Better arms. Table 1 illustrates the • Standard & Better • Wagon Planks Defect System • Wagon Plank two methods of specification • Large Scantlings & Squares Defect System • Large Scantling & Squares and the systems that can • Decks Defect System • Decks be used to grade timbers for various purposes. Table 1: Types of Specification and Systems Used

GrAdinG And insPection Process

Timber is graded by fully trained and licensed Timber Graders, who are private operators. If required, a check grading can be done by Timber Inspectors of the Malaysian Timber Industry Board, the designated Grading Authority in Malaysia. Check grading is not compulsory and it is done only upon request. The Timber Inspectors will conduct a 10% check grading on the consignment to ascertain that the grading has been done accurately.

Timbers will be graded in accordance to the grade specified for the consignment. For instance, if the buyer wishes to buy Select & Better sawntimber, then the Timber Graders will be looking at the consignment to see whether it will qualify for this grade. Grading is also guided by the buyers’ specifications on which system of grading to use, e.g., Cutting System or the Defects System.

Then the timbers are examined piece by piece to ascertain the percentage of clean surfaces that can be obtained from the consignment. If the percentage of good clean surface is adequate for that particular grade, then the consignment is deemed to represent that grade. It must be noted that the underlying principle of grading as done under the Malaysian Grading Rules is that it is the amount of good clean surfaces that decide the grade, and not the amount of defects present. In other words, when you order timbers graded under the MGR, you are guaranteed a certain amount of good timber, and not how much defective timbers was kept out.

WhAt the mGr cAn do For buyers

Although grading is no longer compulsory, the MGR remains as an assurance tool for buyers purchasing Malaysian timber. Buyers who are already familiar with Malaysian timbers usually bypass the grading process. If buyers are looking for certainty of getting the quality they want, they should order graded timbers. The MGR is designed to provide a statement of quality on sawntimbers shipped from Malaysia.

Thank you to the Malaysian Timber Council for helping provide the rule summary. 23 LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS aFRICan haRDWooDS

idiGbo Terminalia Ivorensis (also known as Emeri in Ghana or Framire on the Ivory Coast) FAs se Kiln dried

Colour is yellow to light brown. The grain is straight to slightly irregular with a medium to fairly coarse texture. The timber works well by both machine and hand tools and finishes cleanly. An excellent utility timber for many purposes due to its medium weight, ease of working, durability and outstanding stability.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Furniture and high class Average length 3m 25 50 100 joinery both internally and Range 1.8 - 4.5m 32 63 externally. It is also suitable Average width 200mm 38 75 idiGbo iroKo for domestic flooring and Range 150mm to 300mm mouldings. Price range – £

Medium Medium Good Durable 540 kg/m3

iroKo Chlorophora Excelsa FAs se Kiln dried & Air dried

Colour varies from light yellow to golden brown and texture is coarse, often with an interlocked grain. Works moderately easily with some dulling effect on tools and so a cutting angle of 150 is recommended. Available in air-dried dimension stock for external construction work. This is a hardwearing timber which is resistant to decay. Has many of the desirable features of Teak.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Wide use for joinery, particularly Average length 2.7m 25 50 100 in school/institutional buildings, Range 1.8 - 4.8m 32 63 and very suitable for laboratory Average width 225mm 38 75 and kitchen fittings. Boat Range 100mm to 350mm building piling and marine work. Price range – ££

Small Medium Poor Very Durable 660 kg/m3

Good stocks of Fsc® iroko are now available, subject unsold.

For symbol explanation see page 13. 24 * LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS aFRICan haRDWooDS

Pterygota Koto

A creamy white hardwood with a coarse texture, similar to Ramin.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Suitable for interior joinery, Average length 2.7m 25 furniture manufacture and Range 1.8 - 5.4m 38 mouldings. Average width 225mm 50 Range 100mm to 350mm Price range – £

Medium Good Good Non-durable 660-800 kg/m3 Koto moVinGui obeche

Distemonanthus Benthamianus (also known as Ayan) moVinGui Colour yellow to yellowish brown. Medium texture, slightly interlocked grain to interlocked grain, works similar to Iroko. A moderately heavy timber having good dimensional stability and suitable for many of the purposes for which oak is used. Contains a yellow dye-stuff which is liable to leach or stain under certain conditions.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs A useful joinery timber for door 25mm to 75mm x 25 38 63 100 frames, windows and sills, also 150mm & wider allowing 32 50 75 suitable for cabinet work. 15% down to 100mm x 2.1m or longer. Price range – ££

Small Medium Poor Moderately durable 670 kg/m3

Triplochiton Scleroxylon obeche selects & better se Kiln dried

Colour nearly white to pale straw. Of fine even texture, although the grain can be interlocked, it works very easily. Also available as Ayous logs.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Woodwork, interior joinery, Average length 2.7m 25 50 100 furniture. Range 1.8 - 4.8m 32 63 Average width 225mm 38 75 Range 100mm to 350mm Price range – £

Small Good Poor Non-durable 380 kg/m3

For symbol explanation see page 13. 25 LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS aFRICan haRDWooDS

sAPele Entandrophragma Cylindricum FAs se Kiln dried Colour dark reddish brown. Grain is interlocked or wavy with a medium to fine texture. It works fairly easily. Available in log form, which when quarter sawn produces the familiar stripey figure. SGS stocks available.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Furniture, shopfitting, general Average length 2.7m 25 50 100 joinery and flooring. Range 1.8m - 5.4m 32 63 Average width 225mm 38 75 Range 100mm to 350mm Price range – ££ sAPele utile WenGe Medium Medium Good Moderate 620 kg/m3

Good stocks of Fsc® sapele are now available.

utile Entandrophragma utile FAs se Kiln dried Colour fairly uniform reddish or purplish brown. Grain is interlocked and rather irregular. The stripe figure of square sawn is less marked than in Sapele and the texture more open owing to the larger size of the pores. Strength is comparable to European Beech. uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Suitable for high quality Average length 2.7m 25 50 joinery, cabinet work and Range 1.8 - 5.4m 32 63 furniture, boat building. Average width 225mm 38 100 Range 100mm to 350mm Price range – £££

Medium Good Good Durable 660 kg/m3

Good stocks of Fsc® utile are now available.

WenGe Millettia Laurentii Dark brown, almost black, sapwood yellowish white, straight grained, rather coarse texture.

uses specification sizes mm s/e K/d FAs Very suitable for flooring Average length 2.7m 25 50 100 and high quality joinery, Range 1.8 - 4.8m 32 63 increasingly used for high Average width 225mm 38 75 quality kitchen & cabinet work. Price range – ££

Small Poor Poor Very Durable 830-1000 kg/m3

Good stocks of Fsc® Wenge are now available.

For symbol explanation see page 13. 26 * LDT Product Guide haRDWooDS gRaDIng oF aFRICan TIMBER

To grade African sawn timber consists of sorting it according to pre-established rules covering quality and quantity.

The African sawmills have many rules but only one prevails in the drafting of contracts and usage: this rule is the FAS IMPERIAL rule.

Coming from an English oral tradition, this rule has been put into writing and accepted by the ATIBT. The ATIBT has accepted this rule because it has been widely used in all the member-countries of the ATO (African Timber Organisation – in French: “OAB: Organisation Africaine des Bois”), even if the rule is not used in its original version in Ghana, but in an adapted version.

The grading approach fits the needs of companies rather well – concerning tree species identification, measurements and qualitative sorting.

It is only the sawmill grader – present from the beginning to the end of the processes – who can grade right after the GrAdinG oF AFricAn timber sawing process, check the species and measure without adding an important extra-cost.

stAndArd choice – FAs • Grading is based on the worst face (except where otherwise agreed). • The wood is of good texture but entangled grain is tolerated on 3% of the volume

minimum conditions choice no. 1 choice no. 2 % of pieces 40% of the parcel 60% of the parcel Sapwood Not admitted Sound and if < 10% of the width Spring If bow < 13mm, for a length <_ 2.70m (9ft) If bow < 19mm, for a 2.80 (9ft) <_ Length <_ 3.60m If bow < 32mm, for a length > 3.60m (12ft) Other Defects of Shape Tolerated if it allows planing to be carried out to the regular dimensions Other Defects Not admitted If S of the piece < 1m2 = 1DS If S is between 1m and 1.50m2 = 2DS If S of the piece > 1.50m2 = 3DS

stAndArd choice – common • Same defects as for FAS, except for the following adjustments:

choice common-1 / select common-2 Sound Sapweed If <_ 20% of the width Admitted with no restriction Grain Some irregularities Entangled Blue Stain No Light to medium Variations of Colour No Colour and density tolerated Small Pin Holes See other defects If <_ 1/2 S of piece. On 10% of the pieces Other Defects If S of the piece < 0.60m2 = 1 Defect Standard If S of the piece between 0.60 and 1m2 = 2DS If S of the piece between 1 and 1.50m2 = 3DS If S of the piece > 1.50m2 = 4 Defects Standards

PArticulAr tree sPecies obeche • A light blue stain is tolerated on 1/3 of the surface, sound sapwood admitted without restriction • Hairy or woolly surface is considered likely to be smooth after planing • In Common 1 choice, 2 pin holes/ dm2 = 1 Defect Standard; group of small pin holes 1/3 of the width of the piece = 2DS 27 LDT Product Guide So noRTh aMERICan & CanaDIan SoFTWooDS FTWooDS

cleAr douGlAs Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Ptaxifolia) no 2 and 3 clear and better Kiln dried 8' and longer Also known as British Columbian Pine and Oregon Pine, the heartwood is a light reddish-brown shade, which distinguishes itself from the pale-coloured sapwood. Clear timber or baulks of large dimension in long lengths.

uses specification Construction work, flooring, 1" x 6" & wider 2" x 4" vertical grain Air dried 1 boat building, gymnastics 1 ⁄2" x 6" & wider 2" x 5" vertical grain 6" x 6" equipment, furniture, internal 2" x 6" & wider 2" x 6" vertical grain 1 & external joinery. 2 ⁄2" x 6" & wider 2" x 8" vertical grain 1 3" x 6" & wider 2 ⁄2" x 5" vertical grain

cleAr douGlAs Fir Western red cedAr 1 4" x 6" & wider 2 ⁄2" x 6" vertical grain

Small Good Good Moderate 530 kg/m3

Western red cedAr Thuja Plicata no 2 clear and better 8' and longer The heartwood is a reddish-brown shade, which distinguishes itself from the narrow white sapwood. Pleasantly scented, it is popular for interior furniture use. Lightweight and easy to handle.

uses sizes Light-weight construction work, internal & 2" x 4" 3" x 6" & wider external joinery, timber weather boarding, 2" x 6" 4" x 6" & wider beehives, summer houses, conservatories, 2" x 8" 6" x 6" clear shingles for roofing. tGV shiplap 3 7 ⁄4" x 4" ⁄8" x 5" shingles No 1 Fivex Blue label untreated (bundle 25ft sq) average cover No 1 Fivex Blue label CCA treated (bundle 25ft sq) average cover 16" Cappings Blue label untreated (20 pieces per bundle) 16" Cappings Blue label CCA treated (20 pieces per bundle)

Small Good Good Durable 370 kg/m3

For symbol explanation see page 13. 28 LDT Product Guide So noRTh aMERICan & CanaDIan SoFTWooDS FTWooDS

Tsuga Hetrophllya PAciFic coAst hemlocK 85/15 no 2 clear & better allowing 15% no 3 clear A clean and bright softwood sourced from North America. Also known as West Coast Hemlock. Its colour is pale brown to white and is straight grained with a even texture. Non resinous and non tainting when dried.

uses specification Interior joinery and construction. Lengths 2.4m & longer 50 x 100 50 x 125 50 x 150 50 x 200 63 x 100 100 x 100 PAciFic coAst Medium Excellent Good Non-durable 480 kg/m3

Also available from stock, Kd hemlock clear & better csA certified. 50 x 100/125 vertical grain and 100 x 100mm. hemlock, douglas Fir and Western red cedar is supplied as PeFc certified.

hemlocK

For symbol explanation see page 13. 29 LDT Product Guide Eng In EngInEERED TIMBER SECTIonS

ldt has been successfully supplying laminated hardwoods for a number of years,

EERED TIMBER SECTI on S traditionally in dr meranti. We can now additionally offer laminated in both Fsc eucalyptus and minimum third Party Verified legal sapele.

Production is to Komo standard with d4 class glue line making ilam the first choice for component manufacturing, requiring the allure of hardwood but with increased stability and lower waste factors.

ilAm

raw material: FSC or TLTV Sapele, PEFC Meranti, FSC Eucalyptus lengths: 0.9m+longer, 0.3m increments Upto 3.6 lengths on DKD construction Upto 6.0 lengths on KKK construction construction: Production is to Komo standard with D4 class glue line. uses: Windows, doors and joinery. sizes: 48 x 120 63 x 63 72 x 73 96 x 63 48 x 200 63 x 75 72 x 75 96 x 75 63 x 95 72 x 95 96 x 96 63 x 120 72 x 120 63 x 200 72 x 200 The above are typical sizes, other sizes and species are available to forward order.

‘ilam’ sections are produced to clients size and length requirements, with solid outer faces (known as dKd) or finger jointed faces (referred to as KKK).

DKD Hardwood Construction KKK Hardwood Construction ilAm

ilAm – the enGineered AnsWer

30 LDT Product Guide Eng In EngInEERED TIMBER SECTIonS

All ilam products are produced to give better stability, reduced waste, known cost and,

most of all, peace of mind. EERED TIMBER SECTI on S

hArdWood ilAm An engineered hardwood product, with 2 high quality clear faces for use in joinery applications. Supplied as two clear faces where finger jointed pieces are permitted on the inside layers, creating better dimensional stability.

raw material: Sapele, D.R Meranti lengths: 20% 0.9m – 2.0m 80% 2.1m + Longer construction: After acclimatisation, lamellas are glued and pressed together into blank sections. uses: Doors, windows and joinery. sizes: 48 x 120 63 x 63 72 x 73 96 x 63 48 x 200 63 x 75 72 x 75 96 x 75 63 x 95 72 x 95 96 x 96 63 x 120 72 x 120 63 x 200 72 x 200 Other sizes and species are available to forward order. Available from stock, Engineered two piece colour matched Oak Newels 90 x 90. Lengths 1.5m – 3.6m. iLam edge glued colour matched solid strings and treads. 32 x 275 x 3.6m – 4.8m long and fully FSC®. ilAm

31 LDT Product Guide MoDIFIED/hEaT TREaTED TIMBER MoDIFIED/hEaT TREaTED TIMBER

® NEW AccoyA Wood PRODUCT Acetylated softwood Accoya® wood is a modified wood. Manufactured using a non-toxic treatment and timber sourced from sustainable forests, Accoya® wood has properties that match those of the best tropical hardwoods.

uses All exterior applications including windows, doors, decking, cladding. Accoya® wood’s high strength to weight ratio also makes it suitable for challenging external applications, such as road traffic bridges.

specification A1 Grade FSC 25 x 100mm 25 x 150mm 25 x 200mm 32 x 150mm 38 x 150mm 50 x 150mm 63 x 150mm A1 Grade Finger 50 x 100mm 50 x 150mm 63 x 75mm 63 x 100mm Jointed FSC 63 x 125mm 63 x 150mm 75 x 75mm 75 x 100mm 75 x 125mm 75 x 150mm Finger Jointed lengths are 6.0m

Please note, other grades of Accoya can also be offered ex stock. now available, Accoya decking and cladding. AccoyA ® Wood Wood

32 modified wood by accsys technologies www.accoya.com modified wood by accsys technologies www.accoya.com Durable, Stable & SuStainable inDepenDent StuDy ShowS accoya® winDowinDepenDent frameS StuDy are ShowScarbon accoya® negative winDow frameS are carbon negative

accoya® window frames now in specifying decking, beauty, strength and all accoya® wood is a perfect solution for exterior accoya® window frames now in specifying decking, beauty, strength and all accoya® wood is a perfect solution for exterior accoya®classified windowas carbon frames negative. now inweather specifying performance decking, beauty, are important. strength and all accoya®cladding and wood where is a perfect dimensional solution stability for exterior is important. classified as carbon negative. weather performance are important. cladding and where dimensional stability is important. classified as carbon negative. weather performance are important. cladding and where dimensional stability is important. featureS anD benefitS of accoya® featureS anD benefitS of accoya®

from SuStainable SourceS naturally inSulating conSiStent quality throughout from SuStainable SourceS naturally inSulating conSiStent- Consistent, measurable quality modification throughout quality from- All Accoya® SuStainable wood is produced SourceS from well managed naturally- Accoya® is a 40% inSulating better insulator conSiStent quality throughout - Allsustainable Accoya® sourceswood is includingproduced FSC,from PEFC well managedand other - Accoya®than hardwoods is a 40% and better 17% insulator better than - Consistent,from surface measurable to core modification quality - Consistent, measurable modification quality - sustainableregionally All Accoya® certified sourceswood is includingproducedwoods and FSC,from thereby PEFC well managedandmeeting other the - thansoftwoods. Accoya® hardwoods is aSo 40% an and Accoya®better 17% insulator better window than or door - from No need surface to apply to core chemical preservatives when from surface to core regionallycriteriasustainable of thecertified sources EUTR timberincludingwoods regulationand FSC, thereby PEFC andmeeting other the softwoods.willthan save hardwoods considerably So an and Accoya® 17% more better window energy than or door - Nocut needor planed to apply chemical preservatives when - No need to apply chemical preservatives when criteriaregionally of thecertified EUTR timberwoods regulationand thereby meeting the willsoftwoods. save considerably So an Accoya® more window energy or door cut or planed criteria of the EUTR timber regulation will save considerably more energy cut or planed outStanDing Durability DimenSionally Stable lifetime coStS outStanDing Durability DimenSionally Stable lifetime- The lifetime coStS costs of Accoya® products are significantly outStanDing- Accoya® comes with Durability a 50 year warranty against DimenSionally- Products made from Accoya® Stable are much less likely lifetime coStS - Accoya®rot and decay comes and with dimensional a 50 year stabilitywarranty against - Productsto distort, made significantly from Accoya® reducing are themuch risk less of jamminglikely - Theless lifetimethan those costs made of Accoya® from other products wood speciesare significantly due to - Accoya® comes with a 50 year warranty against - The lifetime costs of Accoya® products are significantly rot and decay and dimensional stability - toand Products distort, ensuring made significantly smooth from Accoya® operation reducing are for themuch many risk less yearsof jamminglikely lessits improved than those durability made from and othercoatings wood performance species due to rot and decay and dimensional stability less than those made from other wood species due to andto distort, ensuring significantly smooth operation reducing for the many risk yearsof jamming its improved durability and coatings performance and ensuring smooth operation for many years its improved durability and coatings performance perfect for coating Durability claSS 1 carbon footprint perfect for coating Durability claSS 1 carbon- Accoya® window footprint frames now classified as perfect- Factory applied for coatings coating will last much longer on Durability- Accoya® will last claSS at least twice 1 as long as tropical carbon footprint - FactoryAccoya® applied resulting coatings in pristine will lastlooking much products longer on - Accoya®hardwoods will such last asat sapele,least twice idigbo as orlong mahogany as tropical - Accoya®carbon negative window over frames full nowlife cycleclassified as - Factory applied coatings will last much longer on - Accoya® window frames now classified as Accoya®and reduced resulting maintenance in pristine costs looking products - hardwoods Accoya® will such last asat sapele,least twice idigbo as orlong mahogany as tropical carbon negative over full life cycle carbon negative over full life cycle andAccoya® reduced resulting maintenance in pristine costs looking products hardwoods such as sapele, idigbo or mahogany and reduced maintenance costs for more information www.accoya.comfor more information www.accoya.com ACCOYA® and the Trimarque Device are registered trademarks owned by Titan Wood Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Accsys Technologies PLC, and may not be used or reproduced without written permission.

ACCOYA® and the Trimarque Device are registered trademarks owned by Titan Wood Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Accsys Technologies PLC, and may not be used or reproduced without written permission. ACCOYA® and the Trimarque Device are registered trademarks owned by Titan Wood Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Accsys Technologies PLC, and may not be used or reproduced without written permission. LDT Product Guide iDECK iDECK

iDECK® is a natural timber product which brings the warmth and beauty of nature to almost any outdoor area. Be it a restaurant terrace, a garden patio or a luxury development, iDECK can transform the most unwelcoming space into a relaxing haven, at one with nature and the environment.

The best raw materials nature has to offer are used to create iDECK, which is second-to-none in terms of quality, performance and style. Because iDECK is of such high quality it provides years of trouble- free enjoyment earning iDECK a reputation for being one of the most reliable and durable products iDecK on the market. iDECK is a firm favourite with designers and architects, as the luxury quality of our products are perfect for prestigious architectural and landscape developments.

iDEcK® is a natural timber product which brings the warmth and beauty of nature to almost any outdoor area. Be it a restaurant terrace, a garden patio or a luxury development, iDEcK can transform the most unwelcoming space into a relaxing haven, at one with nature and the environment.

The best raw materials nature has to offer are used to create iDEcK, which is second-to-none in terms of quality, performance and style. Because iDEcK is of such high quality it provides years of trouble-free enjoyment earning iDEcK a reputation for being one of the most reliable and durable products on the market. iDEcK is a firm favourite with designers and architects, as the luxury quality of our products are perfect for prestigious architectural and landscape developments.

the

34

The Responsible Choice

S23564-James Latham-LDT-iDeck Broch_Dalhoff_Larsen_160112.indd 6 27/02/2012 14:03 LDT Product Guide iDECK FIXIng iDECK FIXIng

idecK FiXinG – the ideAl WAy to instAll your idecK invisible idecK plugs These plugs, available in different species, are perfect to cover the visible screwheads. This way you can create a wonderful boat deck look and turn your terrace into a beautiful area to relax, invite friends or chill out. These are offered in a box of 500 pcs together with 500 A2 inox screws and a special drill bit to predrill the hole for the plug.

Tico Zelia

IPE Iroko

Massaranduba Bangkirai / Yellow Balau

idecK screws The iDECK screws are made in high quality stainless steel A4 quality – perfect near the seaside or swimming pools – the colour brown has been specially developed to match the colour of most tropical species – the reduced size of the head of the screw limits the visibility once installed – the specially shaped point facilitates the fixing.

200 screws + 1 screw bit 35 LDT Product Guide iDECK C l iDECK ClIP

idecK cliP – desiGned For idecK boArds

Our iDECK clip is specially designed to display the natural beauty of iDECK.

IP The architect designed iDECK boards for the iDECK clip system are specially angled to ensure that the iDECK clip fixings are undetectable from above, giving an uninterrupted exterior flooring surface with minimal spacing between the boards. iDECK clip blind screws, no mounting components

Our finest decking, which is an outstanding high quality, top of the range product, is used to accompany the iDECK clip system.

iDECK clip’s technically designed shape allows each board to be securely iDECK clip smooth connected with the use of one single, specially coated, stainless steel screw per clip and is simplicity itself to install.

What could be easier – iDECK ‘designed to enjoy’.

IPE Iroko

Boxed per 150 iDECK clips plus specially coated stainless steel (A2) screws

36 LDT Product Guide iDECK EX a iDECK EXaMPlES

idecK eXAmPles

Whatever the project, iDECK is the responsible choice for all your hardwood decking needs.

From residential use through to larger commercial projects such as pool sides, hotel & shopping centre terraces, promenades & walkways, there’s an iDECK to fit the bill. MP l ES

37 LDT Product Guide SaFE g SaFEgRIP

sAFeGriP desiGned For sAFety RIP

For ultimate peace of mind about safety. SAFEGRIP is an ideal product for public projects, bridges, walkways, playgrounds, outdoor staircases, in fact, any area where 21 x 145mm, 25 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm extra grip is required.

Standard profile contains 2 lines of SAFEGRIP. However, additional lines can be added on request.

A carefully controlled manufacturing process ensures that the SAFEGRIP gives 45 x 145mm consistent grip content throughout the material. Tested under severe conditions, SAFEGRIP has proven its durability both over time and in diverse weather conditions. We do not recommend SAFEGRIP for areas of barefoot usage.

38 LDT Product Guide i iDECK ThE CollECTIon DECK

bangkirai / yellow balau massaranduba bilinga / opepe ThE C ThE ollECTIon Classic Reeded Tico Tico 19 x 90mm 21 x 145mm 21 x 145mm

Tico Classic Single Classic Single 21 x 145mm 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm

Classic Single Classic Double (reversible) Classic Double (reversible) 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm

Classic Double (reversible) Zelia Zelia 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145mm 21 x 145mm

Zelia 21 x 145mm Bearer reeded Post square Post square 2 sides reeded 4 sides reeded 4 sides 42 x 70mm, 50 x 50mm, 50 x 50mm, 42 x 90mm 90 x 90mm 90 x 90mm

Classic Single 45 x 145mm

Bearer reeded Post square 2 sides reeded 4 sides 42 x 70mm, 50 x 50mm, 42 x 90mm 90 x 90mm

*Various other sizes / profiles can be produced to order

39 LDT Product Guide i DECK iDECK ThE CollECTIon

cumaru iPe Garapa ThE C ThE ollECTIon Tico iDECK clip smooth Tico 21 x 145mm 22 x 145mm 21 x 145mm

Classic Single Tico Classic Single 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145mm 21 x 145 mm, 28 x 145mm

Classic Double (reversible) Classic Single Classic Double (reversible) 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm

Zelia Classic Double (reversible) Zelia 21 x 145mm 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145mm

Post square Post square Post square reeded 4 sides reeded 4 sides reeded 4 sides 50 x 50mm, 50 x 50mm, 50 x 50mm, 90 x 90mm 90 x 90mm 90 x 90mm

*Various other sizes / profiles can be produced to order

40 LDT Product Guide i iDECK ThE CollECTIon DECK iDecK The coLLecTion Accessories ipe gArApA iroKo iroko Accessories ThE C ThE

Boxed per 150 iDEcK clip plus 150 specially coated ollECTIon Tico Boxedstainless per steel 150(A2) iDEcKscrews andclip screwbit plus 150 specially coated 21 x 145mm stainless steel (a2) screws and screwbit

Classic Single iDEcK clip smooth Tico Tico 21 x 145 mm, 28 x 145mm 22x145mm 21 x 145 mm 21 x 145 mm

Classic Double (reversible) 21 x 145mm, 28 x 145mm Boxed per 500 plugs plus 500 stainless steel (A2) Boxedscrews, special per 500 drill andplugs screwbit plus 500 stainless steel (a2) Tico classic Single classic Single screws, special drill and screwbit 21 x 145 mm 21 x 145 mm, 28 x 145 mm 21 x 145 mm, 28 x 145Zelia mm 21 x 145mm

classic Single classic Double (reversible) classic Double (reversible) 21 x 145 mm, 28 x 145 mm 21 x 145 mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145 mm, 28 x 145mmPost square reeded 4 sides 50 x 50mm, 90 x 90mm

200 screws + 1 screw bit 200 screws + 1 screw bit classic Double (reversible) Zelia Zelia 21 x 145 mm, 28 x 145mm 21 x 145 mm 21 x 145 mm

Post square reeded 4 sides Post square reeded 4 sides Post square reeded 4 sides 50 x 50 mm, 90 x 90 mm 50 x 50 mm, 90 x 90 mm 50 x 50 mm, 90 x 90 mm

41

*Various other sizes / profiles can be poduced to order The Responsible Choice

S23564-James Latham-LDT-iDeck Broch_Dalhoff_Larsen_160112.indd 18 27/02/2012 14:05 LDT Product Guide iD iDECK SPECIES ECK SPECIES ECK

bangkirai / yellow balau massaranduba bilinga / opepe

origin: Indonesia and Malaysia origin: Central and tropical origin: West Africa technical data: Weight delivered – South America technical data: Weight delivered – 1000/1100 kg per m3 technical data: Weight delivered – 850 kg per m3 durability classification: 1300 kg appr. per m3 durability classification: 1–2, (long service life) – hardwood, durability classification: 1, very durable, a strong, stable resistance to friction, fine shakiness, 1, an extremely heavy wood, hard and durable wood, particularly marginally split proof, no chemical and finely pored. suitable for wharf and jetty decking treatment required. natural colouring: Reddish brown and marine work. natural colouring: Light to medium shade with grey sheen high degree of natural colouring: Distinctive brown, partly light yellowish, a fine drying, shrinking/warping,extremely yellow–gold or orange-yellow with silver patina forms over time. friction resistant – after years of use interlocking or irregular grain, dry shrink rate: Very high, medium not a single case of discolouration/ enhances the attractive appearance degree of warp – small growth bleeding has come to our attention. of the wood. defects, some sapwood at the endings – small worm holes (diameter 1–1.5mm) are typical characteristics caused by insect impingement, which are only active in standing trees – content substances/tannic acids may also be rinsed out by rain in the form of a brown fluid – contact with ferrous metals causes blue/black staining and should be avoided as the content substances tend to corrode ironwork.

cumaru iPe Garapa

origin: South America, Brazil origin: South America origin: South America, Brazil technical data: Weight delivered – technical data: Weight delivered – technical data: Weight delivered – 1050/1200 kg per m3 1300 kg per m3 850 kg per m3 durability classification: durability classification: durability classification: 1, very durable, resistant to 1, a heavy, hard, strong, finely pored, 1, very durable, dense hardwood brown and white–rot fungi and elastic wood, practically faultless that naturally resists rot, decay, has exemplary weathering and free of rifts, little splintering, no termites, scratches, splinters and characteristics, pronounced grain warping effect. even fire. that accepts stains well. natural colouring: Olive green going natural colouring: Light yellow to natural colouring: Red brown, towards brown the timber contains golden brown hue. As the wood The heartwood is yellowish brown Lapachol, a yellow fluid substance, naturally weathers, it takes on a light to red brown often with darker (red) which protects the wood and can silvery grey tone unless a sealer is veins and is clearly demarcated cause dermatitis. used to keep its natural colour. from the sapwood. It has a greasy touch and a mild vanilla – like smell. Unpleasant odour when green. 42 LDT Product Guide iD iDECK SPECIES ECK SPECIES ECK

iroko Wood is not a uniform material and each plank of wood has its own character, dependent on the source and growing conditions of the tree from which it came. Although planks may emanate from the same source, they can show variation in grain and colour, sometimes on the same plank. Therefore, samples and photographs shown in our literature are unable to be representative of the total amount of wood delivered, each plank will be unique. Once the timbers are exposed to ultraviolet light however, natural oxidation will occur and the differences in colour and origin: West and East Africa grain wil become more uniform. technical data: Weight delivered – Much of the beauty of tropical timber lies in the variation in colour – from 640 kg per m3 the warm red hues of Massaranduba, to the golden brown of Bangkirai durability classification: 1–2, very and the rich chocolate brown of Ipe. In order to retain the richness of durable to duable and is naturally these colours, it is highly recommended that the timbers be regularly resilient to changes in climate, having treated with a good quality oil preservative. excellent strength properties. natural colouring: Yellow brown to The guarantee for products within the iDECK range to resist impact, decay more or less brown with golden glints. and insect attack is dependent on normal conditions of usage and is Ribbon like aspects on quartersawn, limited to the replacement of defective parts with the same or, at least, an darker veins on slab. Possible equivalent product. Installation costs are not included. presence of very hard white calcium For non-reversible boards we do not guarantee the quality of the carbonate deposits, some times underside which could show defects such as nodes and small cracks. supported by a darker colour.

idecK distribution

LDT distributes iDECK hardwood decking throughout the UK and Eire.

For information on the application of iDECK together with availability of verified & certified products feel free to contact LDT directly or your local iDECK distributor.

Please contact our office or check our website for further details. www.directtimber.co.uk 43 LDT Product Guide iDECK I n iDECK InSTallaTIon

storage: Store the iDECK floor need a width of 70mm – during Freestanding terrace: Consult boards in their original packaging, alignment, ensure that the correct your architect/contractor, who will preferably in a well ventilated, distance between beams is be able to provide you with the roofed over space – avoid direct maintained: the distance depends correct information, adapted to bright sunlight. on the strength and width of the your requirements. STallaTIon boards (see graph). treating the boards prior to to order m2: To install in a installation: Thoroughly rinse the Placement on a concrete random sequence, allow 5 to 10% boards with water before installing or tilted floor: The support more boards compared to the in order to avoid rainwater causing beams must be fixed into the surface area to be covered – to excessive tannin leakage ground base to ensure a secure install under an angle of 45°, with foundation – we recommend corners or irregular joints, allow tools: Drill, screwdriver, crosscut placing the beams in such a 15 to 20% more boards compared saw, belt sander, tightening way that they are parallel to the to the surface area to be covered. screws, heel iron, square, gluing direction of the drainage. clamp, chalk line. Over time some of the natural Placement on a slanted tannin within the wood is washed Ground base preparation: ground base: It is advisable out although this can be reduced Make sure the ground base is to use the adjustable synthetic by thoroughly rinsing the boards stable, solid and smooth – a slant support elements (± 8m2), with water before installation. of approximately 1cm/running which also need to be fixed into Such tannins can cause staining metre will provide the correct the ground base. to adjacent materials such water drainage – to prevent weeds as concrete, brickwork and from growing, it is advisable to Placement on natural soil: metalwork and consideration cover with a root cloth – tropical When necessary, apply a should be made for this prior to hardwood contains elements/ stabilized and levelled sand or installation. Further tannin leakage tannic acids (e.g. oak-wood) that gravel layer – place concrete tiles may occur as a result of heavy increase the boards’ resistance – 50cm apart to provide sufficient rain fall and is likely to be most however, rain can also cause them support and fixture for the support noticeable soon after installation. to wash out in the form of a brown beams – verify the height and liquid – for this reason you must slant, cover with a rootcloth and avoid direct, unprotected contact fix the support beams into the with plastered and/or other walls concrete tiles. and floors – foil protection is recommended.

the support construction: The support beams must be fixed into the ground base to ensure a Board Width 90 mm 120 mm 145 mm secure foundation – the support 50 beams must be of the same kind of tropical hardwood as the visible 40 boards – attention: the support 30 beams must be at least twice the thickness of the boards 20 (e.g. for boards of 21 x 145mm, 10 use support beams of at least Board Thickness – mm 42 x 70mm) – overall a width of 0 50mm will suffice, but in places 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1001 10 120 where two ends of the boards Source: WTCB Bearer Distance – cm are to be joined together, you will

44 LDT Product Guide FITTIng I FITTIng InSTRuCTIonS

For your comFort For idecK clAddinG Install gauze on the top and bottom of your cladding to To solve the rare occurence of Where can idecK cladding prevent leaves, bird nests etc. splinters, we advise, once the be used? from hindering the ventilation installation is finished, that you New construction, residential behind the cladding. The iDECK

douse the deck with water (or property, office buildings, cladding can be put in a vertical, n wait until after the first rainfall) industrial buildings and horizontal or inclined direction.

and, once dry, sandpaper the commercial offices, educational For a horizontal installation, please STR u surface. This will assist in breaking facilities, ... and of course for ensure that the tongue is always the heads of any splinters which renovation purposes. pointing up, and the groove down. may occur. Natural oxidation due to ultraviaolet light will cause idecK cladding can: Remember that the lowest the decking to grey (particularly • Improve the quality of life cladding board must be more around swimming pools). We take through the sound and than 20cm from the ground.

no responsibility with regard to thermal insulation provided CTIon S accidents regarding slipping. by the cladding. Include an expansion joint • Improve the aesthetics of (+ / - 1mm) while installing the the facade. cladding. They are fixed with • Improve the overall resistance stainless steel nails/screws of the facade to water (like (+/- 26 nails/screws / m”). an umbrella). Hidden installation only with boards < 125mm, all wider General Precautions: Make sure boards (>125mm) need to be that there is enough ventilation fixed with two fasteners stainless possible behind the cladding, (steel nails/screws). a minimum space of 1cm is needed. (Generally determined We can provide aluminium by the thickness of bearers). corners, in and outgoing, The backbone must be naturally as well as expansion profiles. sustainable wood (durability class 1). It must be anchored to maintenance: Our cladding can the wall by appropriate fasteners remain unprotected, it will oxidize to enable the bearers to be naturally to a silver gray colour mounted. A distance between as a result of ultraviolet sunrays bearers must be 40 to 60cm. They and weather. must not impede the ventilation cladding. Minimum section of bearer is usually 27 x 42mm.

45 LDT Product Guide FITTIng I FITTIng InSTRuCTIonS

For stAndArd idecK distance between the screw hole and the board end should be maximum 5-7cm (and minimum 2cm) in installing with visible screws: Please pay attention order to prevent any protuberance at the ends – use to the direction of the wood fibres and slight colour exclusively stainless steel screws for an impeccable variations prior to placement – place all boards in the and lasting result – use 2 screws for every board with same direction. n a length of at least twice the board’s width.

space between boards: The boards will expand

STR u screws: It is recommended to use inox screws, and and contract depending on changing seasonal to insert them on a slow setting speed into the wood – temperatures and the humidity in the air – before the screw’s head should be level with the board’s commencing, it is recommended that the degree of surface, so that no screw heads are left protruding. humidity in the boards should be checked – bearing this in mind, installation of the boards must comply Finishing up: You can apply a 45° slant on the board with the following rules: the distance between every ends using a manual or electric plane or a belt sander.

CTIon S individual board must be 5 to 10mm – this expansion You can also use a U-end profile from our collection. joint provides room for the wood to ‘breath’ (expand and shrink) according to the weather, without causing damage to the decked floor area – in the event that the decking area is placed against a wall or another fixed element, you need to provide a joint of at least 10mm between the boards and the wall and/or fixed element.

Joining the board ends: Each board end should rest on a support beam and be screwed down by, at least, 2 screws to limit movement of the wood.

Predrilling: Use a chalk line to get the correct alignment and pre-drill the screw holes (e.g. if your screw is 6mm, predrill using a 5mm drill) – the

For the idecK cliP system

installing with idecK clip: Place the rounded finishing profile on the bearers, and screw to the bearer – screw a clip to every bearer (pre-drill the bearer with 3.5mm drill) – slide the plank onto the clip, a rubber hammer and a piece of wood can be used to assist this process – every butt must be secured with a clip, where you have two butts on each side, use a clip on each one – please use bearers of 42 x 70mm installed flat in this process – continue this until your decking area is finished – the last piece can be a plank or the rounded finishing profile – enjoy your decking for many years

sPeciAl climAte conditions

Products are supplied on the basis that clients have checked that products are fit for purpose in mind. Under certain climatic conditions Massaranduba may act differently than described in this brochure. For further 46 details, please contact your local timber merchant. LDT Product Guide FITTIng I FITTIng InSTRuCTIonS

idecK instAllAtion With PluGs

Please read the instructions for standard iDECK first as these apply also to the installation with the plugs.

Before you start please make sure that all the n boards are put down on you deck in the final 1 1 2 position. This way you can easily draw straight lines STR u to pre drill the boards. A special drill is provided in the iDECK plug box to pre drill the wholes for the plugs. The size of this special drill is exactly the same as the plugs. Once the wholes for the plugs are made, you pre drill the board and bearer with a drill of 4mm diameter, to be used with the 3 4 3 screws you find in the box. Now you can start to CTIon S fix the boards with the provided screws and screw bit. Once the entire deck is done, you can put the plugs in the predrilled holes. A drop of white wood glue (D4) in every hole so the plug is glued to the P board. Any excess of glue needs to be removed 100 P immediately with a clean cloth. Make sure that 120 the conical part of the plugs is the downside 5 (a hammer may be used).

Once all the plugs are in place, you can if needed use a belt sander to sand your deck and plugs to obtain a superb result.

sliPPAGe Please note that in areas that could be considered slip sensitive, such as on steps, near doorways, pool sides, outdoor smoking areas and public places such as pub’s and restaurants, adequate precautions should be taken to ensure that the risk if slipping is reduced to a minimum. Even with the grooved/reeded face profiling, timber decking can still be treacherous to walk on when wet and SafeGrip should be considered in such areas, in particular for commercial installations. However, it may be possible to apply additional anti slip measures after installation if required.

47 LDT 5B The Old Yard Rectory Lane Brasted Westerham TN16 1JP T: 01959 561777 F: 01959 560399 E: [email protected] www.directtimber.co.uk

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