A Study of Deception in Red Sparrow Movie 2018
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A STUDY OF DECEPTION IN RED SPARROW MOVIE 2018 Submitted to the Department of Language Studies, Graduate School of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Education BY: QURNIA WIYASA NUGRAHAENI S.200 170 011 DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDIES GRADUATE SCHOOL MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2019 i ii i iiiii iviii A STUDY OF DECEPTION IN RED SPARROW MOVIE 2018 ABSTRACT In communication, sometimes people produce deceptive statements in order to be a good image in front of the others. This was curious thing to be investigated. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the deception categories and the motives used by people. This research was qualitative study. The data were the deception utterances of the main character; Dominika Egorova in Red Sparrow movie 2018. The result showed that from 40 scenes, there were 30 speech events included as deception. Totally from 30 speech events there were 79 deceptive statements. 8 statements were included as falsification category (10%). 29 statements were included as concealment category (37%). Equivocation were 36 statements (46%) and 6 statements (8%) were in understatement category. There were three main motives of deception found in this movie. Totally, there were 38 deception motives. 23 conversations included as Self-focused motive. For partner-focused motive, there were 2 conversations. There were 13 conversations included as relationship-focused motive. A person deceived in order to establish contact toward some people, to create good self-image, to avoid conflict and good relationship. The finding concluded that deception and the motives need to be studied further. Keywords: Pragmatics, Interpersonal Deception, Red Sparrow Movie 2018 ABSTRAK Dalam berinteraksi terkadang, seseorang melakukan suatu penipuan untuk pencitraan didepan orang lain. Ini merupakan suatu kasus yang menarik untuk dikaji. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki tentang penipuan dan juga motifnya. Ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang subjeknya adalah tokoh utama Dominika Egorova pada film Red Sparrow 2018. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 79 percakapan merupakan ujaran penipuan. Pada film Red Sparrow, terdapat 4 kategori penipuan. Delapan ujaran merupakan kategori pemalsuan (10%). 29 ujaran merupakan kategori penyembunyian (37%). Kategori penyangkalan adalah yang terbesar yaitu 36 statements (46%) dan 6 ujaran merupakan kategori pengurangan informasi (8%). Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 motif penipuan dalam film tersebut. Dari 38 percakapan, 23 percakapan termasuk motif pribadi. Untuk motif pasangan terfokus ada 2 percakapan. Yang terakhir, ada 13 percakapan yang termasuk motif relasi terfokus. Penipuan terjadi untuk membangun hubungan dengan yang lain, pencitraan, dan menghindari konflik. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penipuan dan motifnya perlu untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Keywords: Pragmatik, Penipuan antar diri, film Red Sparrow 2018 1v 1. INTRODUCTION In interpersonal communications, people need everything run well as expectation. Actually, there are a lot of people try to hide the truth information from the other people. People have possibility to lie in daily life such as about their job, personal identity, deceitful about their problem and else. There are so many reasons to lie. Perhaps, they use deception in conversation in order to give good self image or hide the truth about themselves. For example is phenomenon from Red Sparrow movie. She deceived that she was a translator in Embassy. Actually, she was a Russian spy that had a mission to investigate about the American agent. She intentionally deceived in order to get closer to Nate the CIA agent. So, according to Buller and Burggon (1996) one of the deception characteristics is the statement is irrelevant to the real context. Therefore, that phenomenon is investigated in pragmatics field. Pragmatics is a part of linguistics that analyzed about language meaning and the context (Levinson, 1983). It is used to investigate the meaning of what people said and what the contextual background of the speech. This research used theories for the basis of this research; pragmatics, speech act, Interpersonal Communication Theory and Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT). There were also some previous studies that investigated deception. Such as studies by Burgoon et.al (2003), Zhou et.al (2004), and Farisha & Sakkeel (2015) that only investigated deception in generally, such as prediction in computer-mediated communication, the factors when people lying and the rank of how often people deceived in communication. The others previous studies are Newman (2003) and Hancock et.al (2008) which explained that when told true and when told false stories every person had different linguistic styles and linguistic pattern. The research aims to investigate and explore about how people use deception statements or utterances in conversation and what the motives they use deception statements. This research is important because until now there is limited research that investigates deeper about deception utterances 2 in a movie. This research tries to strengthen and prove the theory and previous studies about deception in detail. This present research also gives the newest study in Red Sparrow movie because until now there is no research has investigated toward that movie. This research proposed two research questions; the main character deceptive statements and the main character’s motives of her deception. Based on that previous study and the phenomena, this research aims to conduct a research entitled: A Study of Deception in Red Sparrow Movie 2018. 2. METHODS The type of this research was descriptive qualitative research. In this research, the object of research was the deception or lying statements that are used by the main character Dominika Egorova in the Red Sparrow movie 2018. This research explored the main character Dominica Egorova in the Red Sparrow movie 2018. Here, the research focused on main character’s speech, expression and actions in the movie. The data was text or documents were taken from conversation utterances of main character. The primary data sources were the scripts or quotes from conversation of the main characters and screenshots of the scenes. The secondary data sources such as from website, article, internet sources and other related sources. The documentation was done by watching attentively and taking notes. Those notes were done in descriptive and reflective notes. The research used some steps to analyze the data such as involving collecting the data, reducing data, presenting the data and drawing conclusion. This research used data source triangulation and theoretical triangulation. 3. RESULTS 3.1 Deception Category It can be concluded totally from 30 scenes there were 79 deceptive statements. There were some speech events that had more than one deceptive statement. Eight (8) statements were included as falsification category. It meant that falsification had 10% from 79 deceptive statements. For concealment category there were 29 statements. It had 37% from 79 deceptive statements. Equivocation category was the biggest number; 36 3 statements. It had 46% from 79 deceptive statements. There was no exaggeration or hyperbole category. The last, 6 statements was in understatement category. It meant understatement category had 8% from 79 deceptive statements. 3.1.1 Falsification Category Dominika Egorova did some falsification statements such as gave fake identity, fake job, fake account, fake evidence and else. For example in Scene 17 Conversation 1, finally Dominika went to Budapest to get closer and investigate Nate Nash the American agent. In Budapest, she stayed with Marta (ex-Sparrow) in an apartment. The setting was in an apartment. Marta knew that Dominika name was Katerina not Dominika. This conversation involved Dominika and Marta. Marta gave warning about their boss. Dominika would work with Chief Volontov in the station office (SVR inferior in Budapest). This was friendly chat without tension speech. The channel of the conversation was verbal speech in Russia accent. The genre was friendly chat. (50:40) (50:42) Situation : “(DOG BARKING)” (51:00) (51:01) Marta :“You must be Katerina.” (51:01) (51:02) Dominika : “Hello.” (51:03) (51:05) Marta : “You're pretty.” Falsification was used by Dominika in order to do her mission without any problem. Dominika falsified by using fake identity in Budapest as Katerina Zubkova. When Marta said “You must be Katerina”, Dominika just said “Hello”. Implicitly, it indicated that Dominika did not have any problem with the name. She could deceive smoothly without emotional leakage. This was Ivan’s planning and Dominika should do that for her mother, besides she also thought how to go away from Ivan. 3.1.2 Concealment Category In concealment category, Dominika Egorova concealed and hid the truth information. They are such as her relation with Nate, the real planning and else. One example in scene 28 conversation 1, Dominika brought to CIA agent in order to know Dominika was lying or not about 4 her agreement. The setting was in CIA hideout. There were Dominika, Nate, Trish and Marty. They used Deception Detector to know about it. They wanted to know about her seriousness. For the first, Marty just asked about daily activities. Then, it became more specific until they got negotiation. Everything run well, Dominika succeeded to hide the true. There was no emotional leakage that was showed by Dominika.