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Cna History Book E.Pdf Canadian Nurses Association Written and compiled by On the afternoon of October 12, 1908, Mary Agnes Snively was talking with a colleague Jayne Elliott,PhD about the difficulty of the process of giving AMS Nursing)JTUPSZ3FTFBSDI6OJU life to a new national organization. She University of Ottawa SFUJSFE encouraged her friend, saying, “Do not forget that we are making history.” The Christopher Rutty, PhD organization we now know as the Canadian Health Heritage Research Services Nurses Association was born that day. Michael Villeneuve, RN MSc One hundred years later, CNA took the Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing opportunity to talk with colleagues and University of Toronto nurses across the country on October 12, 2008, about the challenges we still face, and CNA’s direction going forward. But rather than gathering face-to-face with We are tremendously grateful for the financial a handful of colleagues, we connected support of Associated Medical Services, Inc., and electronically with thousands of nurses the Associated Medical Services Nursing History across the country on that historic day; it Research Unit at the University of Ottawa. We was our first national podcast. CNA was would like to especially thank Jayne Elliott, the once again “making history.” unit’s research facilitator and administrator, who oversaw the project and did a great deal of the And now we make history again. This book writing, along with her colleague, Meryn Stuart, Ph.D., recently retired as associate professor reflects the culmination of years of work in the school of nursing and director of the that first started in 2004. We knew then Nursing History Research Unit. We also want to that some kind of commemorative history thank Christopher Rutty, who worked with the of the association would be in order university to conduct the background research as it marked its 100th anniversary. But and who wrote the initial draft of much of the what form it would take was less clear main narrative. back then. Our excitement about the project grew as our vision of the results Michael Villeneuve, who was our scholar in sharpened over time. residence at CNA, generated the background support documents. In keeping with the changing times, we are thrilled to introduce you to the first phase CNA also wishes to give sincere thanks to the of what we hope will become our “living,” estate of the late Elvira Nordlund for the gift of history collection. The Canadian Nurses their financial support. Ms. Nordlund worked as Association 1908-2008: One Hundred Years a nurse for more than 40 years and was awarded of Service is a chronicle of the history and the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal in recognition of outstanding services to her achievements of CNA since its inception community and her country. From CNA and the in 1908. The main narrative is supported nurses of Canada, we say a gracious thank you. by an extensive collection of documents that record CNA’s history and other major nursing, health and societal events taking place in the world around CNA. As time passes we will add to the collection and Front cover photo: Nurses gather at the CNATN supplement the narrative with more convention in Toronto, 1918 photographs, vignettes, films and audio clips on the online version. cna-aiic.ca Patron All rights reserved. One copy of this document may be Her Majesty the Queen reproduced or downloaded for your non-commercial personal use. Further reproduction in any manner, Funding including stored in a retrieval system or transcribed, in This project was funded by the Canadian Nurses Association any form or by any means, mechanical, recording or with generous support from Associated Medical Services, otherwise, is prohibited without prior written permission the Associated Medical Services Nursing History Unit at of the publisher. Permission may be obtained by the University of Ottawa, and the Estate of the late Elvira contacting CNA at [email protected]. Nordlund. © Canadian Nurses Association 50 Driveway Ottawa, ON K2P 1E2 Tel.: 613-237-2133 or 1-800-361-8404 Fax: 613-237-3520 Website: www.cna-aiic.ca December 2013 ISBN 978-1-55119-395-3 CONTENTS iv List of Appendixes v Notes from the Authors 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 9 CHAPTER 2 Building a National Nursing Organization: The Early Years 21 CHAPTER 3 Growing Pains and Progress 1911-1924 47 CHAPTER 4 Supply and Demand 1925-1945 69 CHAPTER 5 Strategies for Change 1946-1966 93 CHAPTER 6 The Birth of Medicare and a New Era in Canadian Health Care 1967-1990 113 CHAPTER 7 Crises and Visions 1990-2008 129 CHAPTER 8 Conclusion: Looking Ahead 135 Appendixes Section I Operations, Outputs and Leadership Section II Honours and Awards Section III Meetings and Celebrations Section IV CNA Historical Milestones III List OF APPENDIXES I. OPERations, OUTPUTS AND LEADERSHIP A. Canadian Nurses Association Board of Directors B. Canadian Nurses Association Branding and Armorial Bearings C. Canadian Nurses Association Executive and Staff D. Canadian Nurses Association Members Holding Leadership Roles in the International Council of Nurses E. Canadian Nurses Association Organizational Chart F. Canadian Nurses Association Vision, Mission and Goals G. Founding Members of the Canadian National Association of Trained Nurses, later the Canadian Nurses Association H. Major Canadian Nurses Association Paper and Digital Publications, 1998-2010 I. Membership in the Canadian Nurses Association J. Presidents and Chief Executive Officers II. HONOURS AND AwaRDS K. Awards to Canadian Nursing Sisters, World War I L. Canadian Nurses Appointed (as Fellows) to the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences, 2004-2009 M. Canadian Nurses Appointed to the Order of Canada, 1967-2009 N. Canadian Nurses Association Awards Programs O. Canadian Nurses Association Memorial Book III. MEETINGS AND CELEBRations P. Canadian National Association of Trained Nurses/Canadian Nurses Association Convention Sites and Dates Q. CNA Patron, Honorary Patron and Centennial Leadership Cabinet R. Canadian Nursing-Themed Commemorative Postage Stamps S. National Nursing Week T. ICN Presidents and Meetings, and Recipients of Major ICN Awards IV. CANADIAN NURSES Association HistoRICAL Milestones IV notes FROM THE authoRS SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS Supporting documents for this record are appended in four sections. For purposes of flow, and ease of reading as a package on their own, these documents are organized alphabetically by category rather than in order of their reference in the text. NOTES ON TERMINOLOGY Unless otherwise indicated, the term nurse in this document refers to registered nurses (RNs). Note that CNA’s operational leaders through the years were variously titled secretary, general secretary, executive secretary, executive director and, most recently, chief executive officer (CEO). For ease of reading they are all titled CEO in the main narrative of this document. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS We have made a deliberate effort to limit the use of excessive acronyms and jargon in this record. However, in the interest of ease of reading, the following common acronyms are used through the narrative. ROLE TITLES CEO Chief executive officer RN Registered nurse DISEasES AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome SARS Sudden acute respiratory syndrome ORGANIZATIONAL TITLES AIIQ Association des infirmières and infirmiers de Québec, later OIIQ CHA Canadian Hospital Association, later Canadian Healthcare Association CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CMA Canadian Medical Association CNA Canadian Nurses Association HEAL Health Action Lobby OIIQ Ordre des infirmières and infirmiers de Québec, previously AIIQ WHO World Health Organization COMMON COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS U.K. United Kingdom U.S. United States of America V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Were there none who were discontented with what they have, the world would never reach anything better. Florence Nightingale In 2008, the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) celebrated its 100th anniversary. Launched by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in January 2008, the year-long centennial celebration highlighted both the association’s rich history and its visions for the future of nursing in Canada. Over the course of the year, CNA produced a short video highlighting “100 Years in 100 Seconds,” honoured 100 living nurses considered outstanding in CNA centennial year branding: centennial medallion the profession (see Appendix N), oversaw release of a commemorative paired with stylized logo postage stamp (see Appendix R) and published a revised Code of Ethics. Contest-winning nurses from across Canada were hosted for lunch by Mrs. Harper at the prime minister’s residence in Ottawa in the spring, and CNA’s board of directors (see Appendix A), staff (see Appendices C and E) and invited guests were received by the governor general, Her Excellency the Right Honourable Michaëlle Jean, at Rideau Hall in November, where a new coat of arms was unveiled (see Appendix B). The governor general graciously served as honourary patron for the centennial year celebrations, supported by an honourary “leadership cabinet” of distinguished Canadians (see Appendix Q) who lent their ideas, social and business connections, and energy to “‘Be the Change,’ Centennial launch with Prime Minister Stephen Harper in ensure that CNA’s centennial January 2008 year would be a great success. was chosen to reflect the courage In June 2008, speakers from the fields of politics, academics and and foresight of music, including Canada’s top CNA’s founders and general, Rick Hillier, aboriginal
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