American Samoa Timeline

New/Revised LASs drafted for Fisheries Management, Land Based Sources of Pollution, Climate Change

AS celebrates World Population Day, as the global population hits 7 billion people. 2011 The half-day event targeted local community members to increase awareness on population pressure issues in American Samoa, with hundreds in attendance.

DoC and CRAG hosted the Climate Change Summit:

2011 Developed recommendations to guide American Samoa Recent Timeline of Coral Reef Management in American Samoa resilience Erosion and sediment control (ESC) contractor training

2011 Run by the AS-EPA and ASCMP

PLA Community Resilience Workshop for Amouli village Disclaimer 2011 PLA Community Watershed Workshop for Faga'alu village The purpose of this timeline is to present a simplifying visualization of the events that may have in uenced the development of capacity to manage coral reefs in American Samoa over time. developed by 2011 meeting 2011 By its nature, it is incomplete. For example, the start date is somewhat arbitrary and therefore does not include events relating to coral reef management that have occured prior. The commission is designed to address territorial population pressure issues, and is composed of Education, Youth and Gender Issues, Reproductive Health, Immigration, Environment, and Integrated Planning sub Furthermore, it is intended as a living document that we hope will continue to evolve and improve as past events are added, existing events are reinterpreted and future events included. committees. Territorial Climate Change Adaptation Advisory Group formalized via Governor Executive Order While the primary intended use of this was to help inform a coral reef capacity needs assessment we conducted in 2012, we believe the visualization of events can be used in the future to improve a collective understanding of coral reef management, Executive Order No.: 010A-2008/ An Order Recognizing 2011 Recommendations from the CC Summit became the Commitment to Ameliorate Global Climate Change and action items for the Task Force its Negative E ects on the Territory serve other educational purposes, and illustrate the importance of investing in capcaity to manage coral reefs into the future. 2007 First Year of Quantitative Underwater Ecological Surveying Techniques (QUEST) course o ered at ASCC Initial assessment of the potential for applying economic 2011 values to enhance coastal environmental policy in Multi-agency partnership spearheaded by ASCC and American Samoa We value your input to the timeline and encourage you to contact us at [email protected] with any suggestions you might have to improve it. University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program to train 2007 ASCC students and agency sta to conduct underwater DOC surveys. Will be o ered annually. Based on the QUEST course o ered by University of Hawaii-Hilo The Two Samoas Initiative is proclaimed by the Governor of American Samoa and PM of Samoa American Samoa Biogeographic Assessment Report 2007 2011

AS develops LASs for Fisheries Management, Land Based American Samoa Coral Reef Fishery Workshop This report examines the marine biogeography of the Sources of Pollution, Local Responses to Climate Change, 2008 Samoan Archipelago (~14o S latitude along the international date-line) with a focus on regional ocean and Population Pressure Report produced several years later was forgotten climate, connectivity among islands due to larval

ASEPA begins coral reef monitoring program Palolo DVD was produced and the extent of existing marine protected areas. 2003 2008 Management decisions and prior assessments in the archipelago have typically been split along the To carry out long-term studies to detect change over time DMWR Giant Clam hatchery for stock enhancement PLA Community Workshop for Tula village under the resultant from land-based, human disturbance Earthquake and Tsunami international political boundary between the islands of Wetland Community-based Management Program Samoa and those of American Sa- moa despite their close Governance Events 2009 2008 proximity and shared resources. A key goal in this 9 shipwrecks from cyclone in 1991 removed from harbor Amaua and Auto became the next MPA villages for the Survey of environmental hazards on land by DOC and assessment was to compile data from both jurisdictions reefs CFMP Revision process started for the Fisheries LAS survey of coral reef damage by DMWR immediately after and to conduct the characterization across the entire 2000 2003 2008 the tsunami. Survey of debris from land on coral reefs by archipelago. NOAA with removal of a large amount of debris, 3 AS Governor Sunia issued a statement establishing a goal Fagamalo became the next MPA village for the CFMP months after the tsunami. Quantitative survey of damage American Samoa Territorial Marine Science Center The Two Samoas Environmental Collaboration is 2003 to reefs by monitoring programs in following years. Business Plan developed formalized through the adoption of a Governance reefs as no take MPAs 2008 Structure and Strategic Plan 2000 Mass bleaching event First Model Dry Litter Piggery 2011 2003 2009 Socio-economic Events Governor Tauese Sunia issued a statement establishing a Marine Protected Area Program Master Plan completed Thus far, little results have been seen from actions taken complementary goal of protecting twenty percent of Recovery of corals, but coral disease 'white syndrome' 2008 in either jurisdiction to a ect coral reef health becomes common Governor sends letter to President Bush asking for Rose DMWR - The Marine Protected Area (MPA) Program Atoll designation as a National Monument Master Plan is meant to be a simple and easy to follow 2009 Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary draft Ocean Resource Management Plan implemented step-by-step roadmap to assist the American Samoa management plan and environmental impact statement American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group with The export of canned tuna valued at $431 million 2003 Government (ASG), Department of Marine and Wildlife Letter drafted without consultation or notice to any other 2011 developing a plan, consistent with E.O. 13089. Letter to (accounts for essentially 100% of exports from the territory resource agency in the territory, nor any consultation Established to coordinate multi-agency reviews of land- All Islands Committee established doc (Lelei) mandating the 20% goal Streamlines several previous management plans and lays at the time) groundwork for LAS process protection of unique, various and diverse coral reef with the chiefs or people of Manu'a, who will be excluded use applications in the territory 1994 2006 Amouli Resiliency Actions and Responses Plan Drafted habitat and spawning stocks. This will also assist e orts to CRAG included agencies with jurisdiction on coastal areas Governor Sunia became USCRTF member a mistaken idea that closing a large area (50 miles) of Seven CFMP MPA village representatives went to Guam Biophysical Events and coral reefs to coordinate e orts (DMWR, DOC, 2000 PLA Community Workshop for the CFMP villages of Aoa open water will increase protection for Rose. Anger in for the Community Fisheries Workshop CORK wins Energy Globe Award ASEPA), later including NPS and ASCC. and Matu'u/Faganeanea Manua generated, chiefs consider writing the president. Plastic Bag ban With promise to revive grounded vessels in PGG 2003 2012 2006 2011 Wyland Mural completed on the Governor's Executive Executive order for a sustainable project - coral farming Insular areas CR strategy (action plan) signed by 4 the collection of "live rock" (coral fragments) is banned to PLA Community Workshop for Aunu'u village for the Mass bleaching event AS hosts USCRTF program governors: 95' allow reef recovery 2008 No-Take MPA program Faga'alu Watershed Management and Conservation 2002 2003 2007 1994 2000 2009 Action Plan Drafted In commemoration of the International Year of the Reef Faga'alu Watershed is selected as the 'Plus one' site in the Little data on recovery or mortality 2011 Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary management Le Tausagi started ASCC, Fagatelle Bay NMS, PIRO, Alofau became the second MPA village for the CFMP PLA Training of Trainers initiated plan review process begins with release of condition Population Commission meets 2012 DOC, CZM, CRAG, NPS, SWC, EPA, DMWR, NRCS, Task Force on Population Growth produced report on 2001 PR USCRTF Resolution 2009 unsustainable growth in American Samoa 2003 report 2008 DOE as external partner May 29 2002 Community Based Fisheries Management Plan for Vatia 2007 First Manva Village in CFMP - Ta'U 1994 2000 to talk about perceived increase and gain insight into Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary management Leads to LAS process and reviews American Samoa Territorial Marine Laboratory Facility developed 2012 Increased environmental pressure due to increased Proposed option to expand sanctuary into new sites issues and possible responses, like family planning plan review public scoping meetings Ta'iala Academy Aquaponics Plan developed 2004 human population around AS 2009 2011 Multi-agency educational group established to coordinate based Fisheries Management Program (CFMP) Beginning of the CRED monitoring program 2003 Interagency Cooperative Agreement to process grants outreach e orts. More implementation of Farm Bill by NRCS 2001 2002 American Samoa Coral Reef Monitoring Program begins 2012 Traditional Knowledge of Marine Resources Use and 2008

Event by Color by Event AS hosts USCRTF Rose Atoll declared a new Marine National Monument ASEPA Land-based Management Plan March 28 2005 2000 Management in Am. Samoa project started 2009 2011 Each of 4 agencies has a point of contact Aua became the next MPA village for the CFMP 2003 Led by DMWR Document - Climate Change Summit Issues 2007 AS hosts Population Summit 1994 2002 2010 Vatia became the next MPA village for the CFMP Numerous structures were damaged, and four people PNRS retreat across 8 agencies Oldest monitoring data as result of actions from 2008 three new Marine National Monuments includes the Rose Island-wide scrap metal cleanup day 2001 Feb 2 were killed, primarily as a result of poor construction PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF CORAL Manu'a High School Aquaponics Developed climate change advisory group 2012 Mass bleaching event remaining grounding ships Atoll MNM (American Samoa) to be jointly managed by 2011 locations and non- compliance of stream regulations REEFS: A STUDY OF TUTUILA, AMERICAN SAMOA 2007 1994 2000 Oct 17 Center for Sustainable Integrated Agriculture and the USFWS and NOAA at the federal level. USFWS is August - to result in a PNRS enforcement doc (setbacks, channelization, etc.). 2005 Masausi became the next MPA village for the CFMP Aquaculture created at ASCC Land Grant taking the lead in developing a Comprehensive First Piggery Summit First Fautasi Ocean Challenge as part of CZM Coast Establishment of National Oceanic and Atmospheric 2002 American Samoa hosted the United States Coral Reef 2008 2010 AS Coral Reef Advisory Group established Meeting of US Coral Reef Task Force promised to protect Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 (CRCA) (16 U.S.C. Jurisdictional No-Take program development at DMWR Conservation Plan for Rose Atoll MNM. The plan is in its Weeks (in October) Partnerships with MIT on proposal on a resilient design of Boat-based creel survey started AS Ocean Resource Management Plan created Task Force Jurisdictional meeting 1994 6401 et seq.) Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Mar 28 2006 This center was created to demonstrate and promote the initial stages. CNR, NEPA, Landgrant, Soil and Water Conservation, 2011 a model of a residential house 1985 Program (CRCP) 2003 CORL (NGO) community coral farming started 2007 1997 2000 practice of sustainable aquaculture methods. These U.H. 4 steps required for youth to participate in race: 1. clean 2012 In-shore creel survey 2001 2005 1990 Vaoto Territorial Marine Park Established the Coral Reef Conservation Grants Program, CORL discovers issue of high phosphate detergents Food Security Summit up; 2. participate in training on coastal resource Based on Sri Lanka model of CZM - tsunami resilience, Beginning of long-term monitoring program at Fagatele Promise was not kept, no follow-up action "Blue Book" evaluation and "Green Book" budget Economic Valuation of American Samoa Coral Reefs The American Samoa Marine Protected Area (MPA) Port of Pago Pago became a training and staging area for 1994 through which the CRCP makes available matching 2002 In Nu'uuli, Alofau, and Amouli, funded by CTSA grant (legally sold in the territory) from algae blooms at and aquaponics. Sustainable aquaculture reduces 2009 PLA Outreach Program for Nu'uuli village focusing on management and become ocean ambassadors to pass Crown of thorns outbreak American Samoa Coastal Management Agency (ASCMP) Bay by Birkeland and Green Tropical Cyclone Val 2003 Network Strategy was developed training workshop, guidebook. the U.S. Marine Corps 1998 grants to government agencies, non-governmental and NOAA CRCF in 2008; land-based in Amouli Ala'falou agriculture runo that can potentially harm reefs watershed along training; 3. participating youth develop resource was established 1985 Tropical Cyclone Ofa 1991 120 acres located at Ofu, exchanged for the dredging of 2007 1970s National Park of American Samoa established Examples include - AS ship groundings, removal of Approximately 1,000 corals were removed from areas organizations, and academic institutions for coral reef NOAA, in cooperation with USCRTF, published A 2006 Executive Order No.: 005-2009/ An Order Establishing 2010 management project ideas; 4. RACE - based on the results 1940s 1980 1990 Launch of international CRI in Barbados Faleasao Harbor 2001 Samoa Baptist Academy Aquaponics COT outbreak documented on Tutuila in a Faga'alu 1988 dozen grounded ships from harbor (from hurricane) cost planned for causeways. conservation activities, consistent with the purposes of the National Coral Reef Action Strategy Sea Turtle/Marine Mammal Sanctuary Vetiver Grass projects PLA Training Workshops by the LMMA Network from the Territorial Population Commission, Providing for its of the race, the youth receive di erent amounts of money Crown of thorns outbreak During the War Years, the United States built roads, Major runways constructed at Pago Pago airport Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary designated Canneries required to stop dumping their wastes into the 1993 2003 2004 2012 Watershed document compiled in the late 90's. ASCC Designated a Land Grant College 10,520 acres at Tutuila, Ofu and Ta'u US Domestic CRI Monterrey $20 million. 1999 Act. 2002 Fiji Piggery compliance program kicko together to be more e ective in protecting and managing 2008 Membership, Duties and Responsibilities Faga'alo No-Take MPA Established for their projects. 1938 1942 1985 Natural Resources Commission established for local inner harbor Sewage treatment plants in Tafuna & Utulei upgraded to airstrips, docks and medical facilities exposing island 1981 1997 All territorial waters (0-3 miles o shore) Started at the CRAG and SWCD, NRCS 2005 2006 the marine resources. The goal of the MPA Network 2009 2010 USS Chehalis sinks at fuel dock Department of Marine & Wildlife Resources established endangered species 1991 Longliner ship Jin Shiang Fa runs aground at Rose atoll increase primary treatment capacity Second QUEST course at ASCC One local resident also mentioned to biologists that the residents to the American way of life. In response to a proposal from the American Samoa Strategy is to e ectively coordinate existing and future 1949 American Samoa Community College (ASCC) was Beginning of long-term monitoring program at Tutuila 1986 Tuna canneries required to transport high-nutrient wastes 1990 1993 1994 Federal Executive Order 13089 established the United Executive Order 13089 amended to include coral reef the USCRTF developed the National Action Plan To Sea Grant Program established at American Samoa USCRTF adopts the Puerto Rico Resolution calling for Climate Change Workshop: Bridging the Gap between Faga'alu mayor participates in TNC learning exchange 2012 American Samoa becomes Territory of US event for coral reefs in the area produced by a established Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Established Tropical Cyclone Esau by Birkeland and Green government to the (then) National Marine Sanctuary Tropical Cyclone Tusi daily to dump zones 5 miles o shore Fiat (related to PNRS?) Second Round of PNRS States Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF) jurisdictions Conserve Coral Reefs Community College LASs Leone High School Aquaculture begins Tropical Cyclone Heta Tropical Cyclone Olaf ICA between CRAG agencies drafted MPAs to ensure the long-term health and sustainable use Scientists and Educators implemented Harvest regulations established for giant clams Coral Management Priority Setting Process completed with Guam on inshore reefs and improved water quality 1900 1917 (AECOS and Aquatic Farms, 1980)." construction project Still has fuel aboard in 2009 1954 1963 1967 1970 1973 1981 1982 Program. 1987 1988 Commission was inactive 1992 Spilled full fuel load - long term environmental impacts Better and more waste treatment as opposed to dumping 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 Underwater surveying training

Time (In Year) Prior to 1930 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012