1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE · 3435 By Mr. JENSEN: with reference to the Vinson bill (H. R. 4139); s. Con. Res. 9. Concurrent resolution ac­ H. R.4587. A bill for the relief of Ray C. to the Committee on Naval Affairs. cepting the statue of Huey P. Long placed in MacMillen; to the Committee on Claims. 915. Also, petition of . the. International Statuary Hall by the State of Louisiana. H. R. 4588. A bill to appoint Emmett S. Union United Automobile Workers of Amer­ Harden a captain and retire him at that ica, Local 198, Cleveland, Ohio, petitioning The message also announced that the grade; to the Committee on Military Affairs. consideration of their resolution with refer­ Senate had passed, with amendments in By Mr. JONES: ence to the Vinson b111. (H. R. 4139); to the which the concurrence of the House is re­ H. R. 4589. A bill for the relief of Clara Committee on Naval Mairs. quested, a bill of the House of the follow­ Louise Dickey; to the Committee on Pensions. 916. Also, petition of the Alton Building and Construction Trades Council, American ing title: Federation of Labor, Alton, Dl., petitioning H. R. 4183. An act making appropriations PETITIONS, ETC. consideration of their resolution with refer­ for the fiscal year. ending June 30, 1942, for ence to labor and the national-defense pro­ civil functions administered by the War De­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions gram; to the Committee on the Judiciary. partment, and for other purposes. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk 917. Also, petition of the Daughters of the and referred as follows: American Revolution, Washington, D. C., The message also announced that the petitioning consideration of their resolution Senate insists upon its amendments to 904. By Mr. FOGARTY: Memorial of the with reference to the American way of life; the foregoing bill, requests a conference General Assembly of the State of Rhode to the Committee on the Judiciary. Island and Providence Plantations, urging the with the House on the disagreeing votes 918. Also, petition of the United Federal of the two Houses thereon, and appoints enactment of suitable legislation to extend Workers of America, Local 13, Washington, in a reasonable manner to the boys in the D. C., petitioning consideration of their reso­ Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma, Mr. HAYDEN, military and naval camps throughout the lution with reference to House bill 4139, the Mr. OVERTON, Mr. RUSSELL, Mr. BAILEY, country the postage franking privilege; to Vinson bill; to the Committee on Navar Mairs. Mr. REYNOLDS, Mr. BRIDGES, and Mr. the Committee on the Post Office and Post LODGE to be the conferees on the part of Roads. . the Senate. 905; By Mr. Gn...LIE: Petition of the Fort Wayne (Ind.) Chapter of the America First A LOST ·ciVILIZATION IN ARIZONA Committee, signed by 1,000 persons, urging HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress to oppose any further move to in­ Mr. MURoobK. Mr. Speaker, I ask volve the United States in a foreign war, and WEDNESDAY, APRIL 30, 1941 unanimous consent to proceed for 1 min­ parti.~ularly oppose further transfers of ute and to revise and extend my own American naval craft to foreign powers or The House met at 12 o'clock noon and remarks in the RECORD. any system whatsoever of naval convoys for was called to order by the Speaker. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to shipments of American goods to any belliger­ Rev. Paul Moeller, pastor . of the St. ent nation; to the Committee on Foreign the request of the ·gentleman from Ari­ Paul Lutheran Church, of Alpena, Mich., .zona [Mr. MURDOCK]? Mairs. offered the following prayer: 906. By Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON: Peti­ There was -no objection. tion of w. M. Jones, post commander, and Eternal and gracious God, we come be­ Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, .it is a 0. W. Inman, post adjutant, Veterans of For­ fore Thee humbly asking Thy gracious truism that life on this planet is one eign Wars, Navarro Post, No. 8366, Corsicana, benediction for the tasks of this day. continual struggle and that the major Tex., favoring House bills 2290 and 2299; to 'lilrn us to Thee whenever we are the Committee on World War Veterans' Legis­ part of all efforts are directed toward lation. tempted to forget and wander off in ways defense. Defense is a word on all lips 907. By Mrs. NORTON: Petitlon of the New of our own choosing. today, and it is a thought in all minds Jersey Library Association, urging enactment In these days of ·staggering events en­ and hearts, but the defense usually of Senate bill 337 and House b1ll 4103, pro­ dow the leaders of America with calmness thought of now · is military defense Viding that the postage rate on books shall amidst the turmoil of a crumbling world, against a possible ruthless foe. I want be 1Y2 cents per pound; to the Committee on with clear vision to see the essential to remind you that Nature herself can the Post Office and Post Roads. tasks ·confronting a committed nation, 908. By Mr. JOSEPH L. PFEIFER: Petition be as ruthless as any of her creatures, of the Junior National Chiropractic Associa­ with strength to do and courage to stand including man. Great nations and hu­ tion, Indianapolis, Ind., urging support of for the right, with unswerving int~gritY man societies have been unable to defend House bill 1052; to the Committee on the and faithfulness in days of treachery and themselves against the ruthlessness of Judiciary. broken promises, with a real sense of re­ Nature. The valley in which I live sus­ 909. By Mr. ROLPH: Memorial of the State sponsibility to the people back home, with tained a vast population 3,000 years ago. · of California, relating to conversion of fruit loyalty to the traditions of a free people Those prehistoric men dug 150 miles of surpluses into alcohol; to the Committee on and with an appreciation of the surpass­ canals in the valley around about Phoenix Agriculture. Jng value of human life. 910. Also, memorial of the State of Cali­ and built up a remarkable civilization fornia, favoring consideration of resolution We ask these gifts that the present and society, but they perished from the relative to memorializing the President and peace and future freedom of America be earth in that valley and in the adjoining Congress to provide for the dredging of Bo­ our portion and that of our children. In valleys because, as the archeologists tell dega Bay and to reestablish harbor facilities Jesus' name. Amen. us, the river beds scoured out and sank thereat; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. The Journal of the proceedings of and these prehistoric farmers were un­ 911. Also, memorial of the State of Cali­ yesterday was read and approved. able to get water into the intakes of their fornia, favoring consideration of resolution MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE intricate system of canals; therefore they relative to the improvement of the harbor at perished. Crescent City, Calif.; to t:Qe Committee on A message from the Senate, by Mr. Engineers tell me that the Colorado Rivers and Harbors. Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced River at Parker, Ariz., is scouring out 912. By Mr. ·sWEENEY: Resolution of the that the Senate had agreed without Cleveland Industrial Union Council, oppos­ its bed below Headgate Rock Dam and amendment to concurrent resolutions of that the river is sinking so that the ing the Vinson blll; to the Committee on the House of the following titles: Labor; and resolution adopted by the Ninety­ earlier canals and irrigation works at fourth General Assembly of Ohio, relative to H. Con. Res. 24. Concurrent resolution au­ Parker will soon be unable to take water supplying food to the small democracies of thorizing the Committee on Appropriations of onto the thousands of acres which have Europe; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. the House of Representatives to have printed for years been watered for Indians and 913. By Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey: Peti­ for its use additional copies of the hearings tion bearing the names of approximately 100 held before said committee on the bill H. R. white men. In the consideration of the citizens of . Newton, Sussex County, N. J., 2788, independent offices appropriation bill Interior appropriation bill I earnestly re­ petitioning the Congress to enact a law mak­ for 1942; and quest Members to note carefully the ing it illegal to sell or give to our soldiers ·H. Con. Res. 28. Concurrent resolution au­ statements of engineers and act accord­ any beverages containing 'alcohol, this ~aw thorizing the printing of additional copies of ingly, so that our present-day population to apply within m1l1tary areas and within a the report of the select committee appointed may have adequate defense against that zone extending several miles in all direc­ to investigate interstate migration. tions from our military areas; to the Com­ action. of the river such as formerly de­ mittee on Milltary Mairs. The message also announced that the stroyed the ancient civilization in the 914. By the SPEAKER: .Petition of the Senate had passed a concurrent resolu­ Southwest. I may wish to elaborate this Park City Ladies Auxiliary, Park City, Utah, tion of the following title, in which the matter at the session tomorrow. [Ap­ petitioning consideration of their resolution concurrence of the House is requested.: plause.] LXXXVII--217 . 3436 · CONGRES~IONAL . RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 EXTENSION OF REMARKS what-may . happen are horrible to .con­ stated: "Convoys mean shooting, and . ·Mr. · MICHAEL J. KENNEDY-; Mr. template. · Can nations any more than shooting means war." _ Let. us not de­ Speaker, I ask unanimous· consent to men take :fire into their breasts and not liberately pave our way into the war extend my own remarks in· the RECORD be burned? [Applause.] nqw raging in Europe because a small and to include an address by the Rev­ ELECTION TO COMMI'ITEE ON PUBLIC number of persons with authority hi 'BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS Government and industry are doing their erend Fulton J. Sheen at· the Friendly utmost to bring this about. - Sons of St. Patrick dinner, held in New Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, I offer a What I desire, what every American York. privileged resolution and ask for its im­ desires, is peace for America, and we can The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mediate consideration. only maintain that peace by prohibiting the request of the gentleman from New The Clerk read the resolution, as the use of convoys. However, we must York [Mr. KENNEDY]? follows: be realists. We are committed to a pro­ There was no objection. House Resolution 190 gram of all aid to Britain short of war, CONVOYS Resolved, That ALFRED J. ELLIOTT, Of Cali• and I sincerely believe we should afford fornia. be, and he is hereby, elected a. mem­ Mr. TALLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ some measure of protection for our ef­ ber of the standing Committee of the forts to aid Britain, and I believe it can imous consent to proceed for 1 minute. House of Representatives on Public Build­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ings and Grounds. be done without the use of our NaVY to the request of the gentleman from Iowa convoy war materials, which would in all [Mr. TALLE]? . The resolution was agreed to. likelihood be the fatal step toward actual A motion to reconsider was laid on the entry into the war. I, therefore, am in~ · There was no objection. table. traducing a bill to the effect that the Mr. TALLE. Mr. Speaker, on April 3, GREENLAND President shall transfer to Britain, under 1941, I introduced in this Chamber House Mr. KUNKEL. Mr. Speaker, I ask the terms of the lease-lend program Joint Resolution 162, for the purpose of which was recently enacted into law, at prohibiting the use of the armed forces unanimous consent to proceed for 1 minute and to revise and extend my own least 50 or more destroyers. These, when of the United States and American ves­ transferred to England, shall be used by sels and aircraft for transporting, deliv­ remarks in. the RECORD. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to that nation to convoy the cargoes of war ering, or convoying articles or materials materials we are sending her, with the to belligerent countries. the request of the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. KuNKEL]? destroyers manned by British crews and Not long thereafter it was intimated carrying the British flag. orally and in print that, while our Gov- There was no objection. Mr. KUNKEL. Mr. Speaker, Green­ I feel sure this would insure the security . ernment might not attempt to convoy, it of the American people who have been might attempt to escort. Accordingly I land lies almost entirely in the Western Hemisphere. The policy of the United propagandized to the point where theY dispatched the following letter of inquiry believe convoys are a necessity. Instead to the Secretary of the Navy: States, as set forth in a resolution adopted by the Seventy-sixth Congress we would be far more secure on the road HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, and by various Executive pronounce~ to peace if we gave England sufficient Washington, D. C., April 18, 1941. ments opposes any· transfer of territory destroyers, than to have our entire Navy The Honorable FRANK KNox, in the war. Secretary of the Navy, in this hemisphere to any new European Washington, D. C. power. The occupation by the Nazi Let me remind you-the lives, the prop­ MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I shall appreciate Government of any of that part of erty, the lifeblood of America's people, 1t if you will furnish me the accepted and ap­ Greenland which lies in this hemisphere .are at stake; for, I repeat, ~·convoys mean proved definitions employed by .the Com­ would clearly violate our stated national shooting, and shooting means. war." Let mander in Cnief of the Navy of the United ' policy, even were we -to overlook occu:.. us, rather than take this last step into S~ates for the_ following terms: (1) to convoy; ·patton of that part that lies in the ·other war choose the ·sane pathway and loan (2) to escort. · · these destroyers to Brltaln, have them · Thanking you for t~is service, I am, ·hemisphere. It would also be a threat·to our national security in this day· of speed, ~panned by British crews unP.er the Brit­ Sincerely; ish flag, act a$ convoys for our ship- . . HENRY 0. TALLE, M. C. ·speed, and-more speed. It-_is now 4 days to since the ·President stated that the Nazis ments of war materials. · To this inquiry I received the following Fayorable action -on _my measu.re_Wili reply: · · 'may ·now be occupying Greenland. Even , if he _di_d not know the facts last Friday, . bring this about. - I thank you. [Ap- NAVY DEPARTMENT, ·: I plause.] · · OFFICE OF THE . CHIEiP - 01' - 'he should know them by now and should NAVAL OPERATIONS, have fully advised the people of this Na·­ - . ~TENS~ON OF REMARKS Washington, D. C., April 23, 1941. tion-. so far as I have been able to· ·dis- Mr. SWEENEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask The Honorable HENRY 0. TALLE, , cover, no statement has been niade by una~imous consent to extent my own re­ House of Representatives. the· President on this situation. If we marks in the RECORD on the s:ubject of MY DEAR MR. TALLE: This wlll acknowledge are to continue to have an intelligent receipt of your letter of the 18th to the Hon­ war propaganda and Charles A. Lind­ . arable Frank Knox, which · has been referred _and enlightened public 9Pinion to back bergh, and to include an editorial from 'to this omce for reply. our national policies, facts such as these the Springfield Free Press. · The expression "to convoy" is a misnomer must be ascertained and must be made The SPEAKER. Is there objection to 1nasfar as naval usage is concerned; The kno~ at once. [Applause.] the request of the gentleman from Ohio word "convoy" means a number of ships es­ AMERICA DOES NOT WANT WAR [Mr. SWEENEY.]? corted by combatant vessels. The combatant vessels of a convoy are the escorts. Mr. GERLACH. Mr. Speaker I ask There was no. objection. Very truly yours, unanimous consent to address the House GREAT BRITAIN SHOULD CONVOY ITS H. W. GORDON, Jr., for 1 minute. OWN MERCHANT SHIPS Lieutenant, United States Navy, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Public Relations Branch. · Mr. SWEENEY. · Mr. Speaker, I ask the request of the gentleman from unanimous consent to proceed for 1 Mr. Speaker, this morning's news­ Pennsylvania [Mr. GERLACH]? minute. papers report that our naval forces are There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to engaged in patrol duty in the Atlantic Mr. GERLACH. Mr. Speaker, Amer­ the request of the gentleman from Ohio and Pacific Oceans. The reports state ica does not want war. Perhaps the [Mr. SWEENEY]? these forces go very far away. They are significance of that remark has been lost There was no objection. not even barred from the so-called war in its repeated utterances by many a Mr. SWEENEY. Mr. Speaker, I call zones. voice, in the Congress and out. But that the attention of the Members of the Convoying, escorting, patrolling­ does not detract from its truth. And, as House to an advertisement appearing in translated into action, what do these America does not want war, America the Washington Post this morning, show­ words mean? Remember, the patrolman therefore realizes that supplying our ing pictures of some battleships and cap­ is the United States Navy-our ships, our NaVY to convoy war materials will bring tioned "Thanks to the Royal Navy," and guns, ·our men. The consequences of about what the President himself has the announcement that a local merchant 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 3437'

has received the greatest consignment of PERMISS~ON TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. RANKIN of Mississippi. Orson English-made clothes in . the history of Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask \Velles, the man who put on the invasion his establishment, indicating that the unanimous consent to address the House from Mars, also signed up. Royal Navy is convoying commerce from for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Mr. LELAND M. FORD. It is just too Europe to these shores. These adver­ remarks. bad we cannot send Orson Welles back to tisements are appearing in many news.; The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mars. [Applause.] papers along the eastern seaboard and the request of the gentleman from New [Here the gavel fell.] in Canada. It is part of a new campaign York? Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, I ask to "Buy something British." . There was no objection. unanimous consent to address the House Mr. Speaker, in the light of this con­ [Mr. DOUGLAS addressed the House. for 1 minute. voy question, which is a serious one­ His remarks appear in the Appendix of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and I firmly believe the American public the RECORD.] the request of the gentleman from New do not want to use our boats to convoy York? EXTENSION OF REMARKS - ~ar munitions through the combat There was no objection. zones-! respectfully submit if the British Mr. MACIEJEWSKI. Mr. Speaker, I [Mr. KEOGH addressed the House. Navy can convoy commerce to. these ask unanimous consent to extend my own His remarks appear in the Appendix of shores and put out the sign, "Business as remarks in the RECORD and include the RECORD.] usual," it ought to be compelled to utilize therein an article by Mayor Kelly, of that·navy to protect its own shipments to Chicago, appearing in the Chicago Daily EXTENSION OF REMARKS England instead of demanding the use of Times on Friday, April 25, 1941. Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, I ask our Navy for such purposes. Convoys The SPEAKER. -rs there objection to unanimous consent to extend my own re­ mean war, make no mistake about that. the request of the gentleman from marks in the RECORD on two subjects. 1Whether it is patroling or convoying, it Dlinois? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to i.s war; and when one of our ships is tor­ There was no objection. the request of the gentleman from Okla­ pedoed we are going to have another "Re­ Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask homa? member the Maine" incident. The hys­ unanimous consent to extend my own re­ There was no objection. teria will be on, and we cannot be stopped marks in the RECORD and include therein Mr. HEFFERNAN. ·Mr. Speaker, I ask from going into the blood business. If an editorial appearing in this morning's unanimous consent to extend my own re­ the American people speak up and pro­ New York Times. marks in the RECORD and include therein test to the President now before it is too The SPEAKER. Is there objection to an editorial from the Brooklyn Daily late, we may be able to save the lives of the request of the gentleman from New Eagle of April 28, 1941. thousands of American boys and save our York? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to form of government. There was no objection. the request of the gentleman from New PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. LELAND M. FORD. Mr. Speaker, York? Mr. ELLIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ I ask unanimous consent to extend my There was no objection. mous consent that on Monday next, at own remarks in the RECORD and include Mr. HEFFERNAN. Mr. Speaker, I fur­ therein a short editorial from the Santa ther ask unanimous consent to extend my :the conclusion of the legislative program Monica Evening Outlook on the tricking ~f the day and following any special or­ own remarks in the RECORD and include ders heretofore entered, I may be per­ of Dean Landis by Secretary of Labor therein a letter from Mr. T. J. Farrell, mitted to address the House for 20 Perkins. of 70 Prospect Park West, Brooklyn, N. Y., minutes. · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to relating to House Resolution 17, intro­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Cali­ duced by the gentleman from Massachu­ the request of the gentleman from Ar· fornia? setts, Representative McCoRMACK, and kansas? There was no objection. covering the career of Gen. William E. There was no objection. · PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mitchell. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to GREAT LAKES-ST. LAWRENCE DEEP Mr. LELAND M. FORD. Mr. Speaker, the request of the gentleman from New WATERWAY PROJECT I ask unanimous consent to address the York? Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask House for 1 minute. There was no objection. unanimous consent to address the House The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask for 1 minute. the request of the 'gentleman from Cali­ unanimous consent to extend my own re­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to forrua? marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and the request of the gentleman from Min­ There was no objection. include therein an article on the Garand nesota? Mr. LELAND M. FORD. Mr. Speaker, ri:tie. There was no objection. I would like to draw attention to a para­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ·Mr.PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask graph in the Washington Post Wednes­ the request of the gentleman from Ala­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ day, April 23, by Hedda Hopper: bama? marks in the Appendix of the RECORD in Well, Melvyn Douglas 1s making headlines There was no objection. connection with the Great Lakes-St. again. Understand he signed his name to the Lawrence deep waterway project. petition protesting the deportation of one PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Harry Bridges. Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. the request of the gentleman from This Melvyn Douglas, formerly known Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro­ Minnesota? as Melvyn Hesselberg, is the same Melvyn ceed for 1 minute. There was no objection. Douglas, or Melvyn Hesselberg, who did The SPEAKER. Is there objection to [Mr. PITTENGER addressed the not accept an honorary military commis­ the request of the gentleman from Cali­ House. His remarks appear in the Ap­ sion in California on account of the pub­ fornia? pendix Of the RECORD.] lic uproar against his communistic activ­ There was no objection. Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask ities and association. After knowing his Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. unanimous consent to revise and extend political background, one would expect Speaker, · my colleague the gentleman my remarks and include therein a let­ nothing else from such a man as this from California has made another unjust ter from the Hydro-electric Power Com­ Melvyn Douglas, or, as he was otherwise attack. If Melvyn Douglas has signed mission of Ontario which shows that the known, Melvyn Hesselberg. I hope that the paper the gentleman says he signed, power plants operate there the year everyone who ever sees him on the screen I sincerely regret that he did it. But I around. I ask that my remarks be will always remember that he is a great can say this about MelvYn Douglas: He Placed in the Appendix of the RECORD. defender of Harry Bridges. is one of the most basically patriotic The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. RANKIN of Mississippi. Mr. people and one of the hardest workers the request of the gentleman from Min- Speaker, will the gentleman yield? for America's basic institutions and the nesota? · .. Mr. LELAND M. FORD. I yield to the preservation of democracy that there is There was no objection. gentleman from Mississippi. in this country today. The reason he 8438 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE · APRIL ·30 did not accept the military commission pitalization Board regarding a veterans' The SPEAKER. Is there objection to that was offered him was because he had hospital facility at Easton, Pa. the request of the gentleman from Mas­ the good sense to know that he was not The SPEAKER. Is there objection to sachusetts? qualified for it. No man could be at­ the request of the gentleman from Penn­ There was no objection. tacked. as viciously as Douglas has been sylvania? - Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. by the Communist press · and be justly There was no .objection. Speaker, I would like to ask the majority accused of communistic activities, as the leader if he can tell us what is to be the gentleman from California has done to PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE program for the coming week? Mr. Douglas. But I wanted this 1 min­ Mr. PATRICK. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ute to say this: I was home a short time. unanimous consent to proceed for 1 shall be very pleased to give such infor­ ago, and I had a chance t"o talk _to a .lot minute. mation as I can. Of course, Monday is of our people at home·. in .California. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Consent Calendar day. and. the calendar. I found practically no complaint on the the requ-est of the gentleman from Ala­ will be called. -After that it is the inten~ part of those .people about the things bama? tion to bring up the rule on the Bland · they· were to be asked to do, the sacrifices · There was no objection. bill relating to the requisitioning of ves-. the~ mi-ght .be as~ed to .make · for_their . Mr. PATRICK. Mr. Speaker, I want sels where there was sabotage attempted. country, or the taxes they might be. asked to · s~lute the gent.Ieman frotn· Pennsyl­ - Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. That to pay; but I found one thi.ng they were vania [Mr. RicH.],-the gentleman from bill calls .for -3 hours: of general ~ debate; qeeply con_cerned al;JOu~especi~lly tpe California [Mr. LEL.AND ·M. FoRi>]-, and and an hour on .the rule. I presume it young people. They-asked me this ques­ the gentleman · from· ·Michigan · [Mr; would not be finished. on that day. . tion: "Are . people in Washington, are HoFFMAN], and others who are so active Mr. McCORMACK. I doubt it, and in people in Congress, are the leaders of and sincere 'in their efforts to help even that-event it would go over. until Tuesday. this Nation going to -have the intell~­ the workmen who work in the factories Then there. is a Private Calendar .to be gence and .the-courage to see to it tha~ to earn their daily bread and continue taken care of on Tuesday. After 'dispo­ when this period is over we are 'not "to with . our all-out . aid program and ' help sition-of the Bland hill, the priorities bill .be left with a great depression· and · n~w -factories speed up arms production. i out ·of the Naval Affairs Comrriittee will insecurity?" And: I believe notfiirig· that applaud this, but I deplore·t.he inconsis-· he considered. ·: I cannot state 1n what eould be done would mean more to our tency of many of those· gentlemen when order, -but if the . rule. comes ou't on the national morale today thari for us to be­ they are un,_willing, afte;r this an..:ouf aid Lanham bill, -the authorization of $150 ~ - gin now :to outline and put intO" effect a is manufactured and· made· available, 000,000 . in connection with . emergency program that will end unemployment unwilling :to buckle . down ·and do what hospitaJs and. schools, and so forth, that in peacetime·, erid poverty ih the midst all men have to do sometimes, and that bill wlll be . taken up.. next week; also a c;>f plenty, and assure us a home market . i_s to . ta_ke &tern and firm measures ·:to small deficiency appropriation bill which for all we can produce. The thing that : ~~ek make it · effe~tive. We -cannot sustain I understanermitted speech made by ·our outstanding col­ gram itself. [Applause·.] · - · to-address the House for 30 minutes. league the constructive ·gentleman from · [Here the gaverfellJ · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Texas [Mr. LYNDON B. JOHNSON]. the request of the gentleman from· Ohio? The SPEAKER. Is there objection? EXTENSION OF REMARKS There was no objection. There was no objection. · Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I EXTENSION OF REMARKS FARM LABOR ask unanimous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to in­ Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. clude therein an address by Mr. Fred unanimous · consent ~o extend my own Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ Brenckman, of the National Grange, de­ remarks in the RECORD twice and in each dress the House for 1 minute. livered at Washington on April 19, en­ instance to include an editorial. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? titled "Why Farmers Oppose Daylight The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. · Saving Time." the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. After this, the Speak- Michigan? er will recognize the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Oklahoma [Mr. JOHNsoN]. the request of the gentleman from New There was no objection. York?. Mr. EDV/IN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. CALENDAR WEDNESDAY BUSINESS Speaker, we had several interesting re­ There was no objection. marks made yesterday on the agricultural Mr. LARRABEE. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I situation, but there is one part in par­ unanimous consent to extend my own ask unanimous consent that the business ticular that I draw to the attention of the remarks in the RECORD on pensions and in order today, Calendar Wednesday, House at this time, and that is a problem national defense. may be dispensed with. which is going eventually, if it is allowed The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to to grow and fester, to mean the end of the request of the gentleman from In­ the request . of the gentleman from independent farming in America. I re­ diana? Massachusetts? fer to the shortage of farm labor, and the There was no objection. There was no objection. situation in particular in up-State New Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. ORDER OF BUSINESS York. It is a fact that many of the farm.,. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ers this year in my particular locality extend my own remarks in the RECORD Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. will be forced to give up their small family and to· include therein testimony sub­ Speaker, I .ask unanimous consent . to farms unless this problem is corrected. I, mitted by me before the Federal Hos- proceed for 1 minute. for one, believe it is a task which must 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3439 be ronsidered by the Congress and by the that we might close debate today and available until late in 1943, and this, :tor all National Defense Commission so that the read the first paragraph. practical purposes so far as irrigation pump­ Mr. RICH. I am hopeful, too, but if ing is concerned, means it will not be avail­ problem may be solved. I ask that con­ .able until the summer of 1944. The installa­ sideration be given to an effort to remedy I have any greater number of requests tion under way at Fort Peck consists of a this lack of farm labor on the farms in than I have now, I want to take care of 35,000-kilowatt unit and one 15,000-kilowatt America. [Applause.] them. I have requests now for 3 hours unit, making a total of 50,000 kilowatts. One INTERIOR DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATION and 40 minutes. of the principal ditliculties that the Army en­ BILL, 1942 Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. That gineers are having is the inability to secure being true, I hope the gentleman will use penstock pipes leading from the dam to the Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma, from the about 2 hours first, because I do not have power plant. It is understood that material Committee on Appropriations, reported a single request at this time on this side. use~ for these pipes is being required by the the bill number of new duties to the Service, and pired. April of 1917~funds to organize the Na­ served with distinction during the 7 years Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. I yield tional Park service were carried in the that marked the greatest -expansion of myself 10 minutes additional. We have Interior Department Deficiency Act ·of our country's park facilities. In the allowed an increase of $15,000 in the April 17, 1917. passing of this great, good man who has estimate for an investigation of mineral Certainly if we could spare time and been lost to the Service, the Nation has sources in Alaska. This is to investigate money in 1917 to start a new activity, in .also lost a splendid high-minded and un­ the matter of tin in this area. Members 1941 it would be folly, by negation, by selfish citizen. know this is the only area in the United failure to provide the minimum funds, _ Mr. Newton B. Drury, the present States that has any possibilities, much to undo or nullify the outstanding Director of the National Park Service, less any probabilties, of producing tin achievements in Federal park adminis­ is a nationally recognized authority on in the United States and for" the United tration during the past quarter of a park affairs and is well known in the States. century. field of conservation. The impression he This Bureau is also carrying on inves­ Necessarily that initial appropriation made upon the committee members dur• tigations into other strategic materials of 1917 was small, barely sumcient to ing the hearing on the Interior Depart­ of value to national defense. provide a skeleton organization. But the ment appropriations bill was distinctly small staff provided was deeply imbued favorable. · BUREAU OF MINES with the spirit of service and had un­ A tribute also should be paid to Asso­ The Bureau of the Budget has recom­ bounded enthusiasm. For a score or ciate Director A. E. Demaray for his ex­ mended a substantial increase for the re­ more of years appropriations continued cellent presentation of the National Park search and development of helium and inadequate, and only overtime and Service estimates. Mr. Demaray's certain minerals of value to national de­ boundless enthusiasm and the most eco­ knowledge of the National Park System fense, and we have approved those nomical use of funds made possible the in all its ramifications has always been items, the most important of which are achievements that marked the early of great assistance to the committee. as follows: Chromium, magnesium, and progress of the National Park Service. The Federal parks provide the type of nickel studies, $160,000-increased $60,- During those years the Congress, and well-balanced recreation that is so essen­ 000 by the committee; helium-plant in­ the Bureau of the Budget when estab­ tial in maintaining national morale at vestigation and expansion, $350.000. lished, · learned to respect the integrity a high level, during a period when serious This is primarily for adding an addi­ of those connected with this Federal emotional strain must find an outlet or tional unit to the plant that we already bureau. Members of the appropriations result in explosion. A large number of have at or near Amarillo, Tex. committees, at first skeptical, discovered the areas under the supervision of the 3446 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 National Park Service are readily acces­ Mr. BENDER. I want to commend the Wildlife in the United States is in a sible to expanding industrial communi­ gentleman for making a very fine state­ much better condition with reference to ties engaged in defense industries, and to ment and commend the committee for human requirements than at any time . military cantonments. During the pe­ doing an excellent job; but I especially since the beginning of the century. For riod of selective-service training, the col­ want to commend the committee for tak­ a Service charged with the responsibility lection of fees from members of the mili­ ing out of this appropriaion for the Na­ of national wildlife administration, this tary and naval forces visiting the Federal tional Park Service the $75,000 that was satisfactory report is self-sufficient evi­ park areas has been waived. The en-_ provided originally for the Travel Bu':" dence that the agency is contributing to hanced pride and knowledge of the best reau. That was excellent action on the the national welfare. At a time when that the country has to offer which will part of the committee. nearly all undertakings are being judged result from such visitation will, I firmly Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. I thank in terms of defense, it should be pointed believe be of tremendously more value · the gentleman; and I will say again that 'OUt that. the United States is better able to the 'country than would the collection · there was some doubt in the minds of to undertake an intensive · national­ of such fees. After all, those defend some Members about the teasibility of defense program because of the success best who are firmly convinced that what and necessity for this particular item for ·thus far -achieved in restoring and con• they are defending is priceless. the Travel Bureau. . .. serving its wildlife and, fgrther, that a While I am convinced that the 'great­ [Here the gavel fell.] . .continuing wise . administration of this est value of the National Park System is .Mr. -JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. -natural resource will strengthen a na­ in its morale building and stimulation of Chairman, I Yield myself 20 additional tion's defense against both f_oreign and patriotism, I recognize that there is also minutes. . -domestic dangers. · a practical material benefit to the Nation . · Mr. Chairman, we felt that a major : -The present administration has shown that should not ·be overlooked · in con­ part of this -information could be gotten -a · c.ontinued interest in all matters deal­ sidering appropriations for the various from the A. A. A., hotels, and other pri­ ing with conservation of our natural re• units of the system. _ vate bureaus and age:t)eies. We are now sources, and the fish and wildlife pro- Following through: in our efforts. to · ·providing ~or the ad_niinistration, _protec­ . gram has. benefited because of this at­ keep the financing of the national parks tion,. and operation of Mammoth Cave 'titude. The steady, consistent growth of on a sound basis, the committee in the Park in Kentucky for the first time. I a more balanced national program gives pending Interior Department appropria­ call your attention to this in particular: .evidence.' of the .influence of this attitude. "tion bill is recommending an appropria­ We have approved a -Budget estimate of Within the. past month, when conserva­ tion of funds for The Alaska Railroad to · $80,500 for- this park, but the actual reve­ tionists · became alarmed that the na­ nues recei-Ved from this park alo:t)e last tional.;.de~ens~ · effo_rts of the· q.overnment acquire and operate th~ lodges, camps, year was $13'4,ooo·. . So it . appears that . ·and transportation facilities for the ac­ ·m,ight seriously ~. interfere with the wel­ commodation of visitors now provided by the Federal Government is g_oin~ to make ·fare of ,fish ahd ·wildlffe, the Preside_n~ a private corporation iri Mount McKinley a profit of ·m~re t~at;1 $50,Q90 on th~ ·requested the s·ecretary of the Interior to Mammoth Cave Park alone, a pretty ·appoint a liaison.officer-to work with-the 'National Park. I believe that it would be good investment. · ·. · .· in the interest of the public, both travel­ ·Army, Navy, and .the Office of Procure­ lng and taxpaying, to have tlie· facilities ; The· bill ·contains ·the' Budget estimate ·ment Management to see that the re­ for public accommodations in all the na:­ of $2-30,000 to provide for_the operation armament program causes a minimum tioilal-park areas owned and controlled and-maintenance of demonstration areas. ·damage to this natural resource. This by the Government. · There are 53 of these recreational dem­ move was taken not to in ariy way ham­ onstration areas. Up until this year this per the rea1;mament program but rather ·May I aiso remind you ol the attend­ work was carried ori from relief funds. to check on possible damages as a result ance in ti:J_e parks-the_incre~se ·in_ at':' Some-of these areas are· the most beau.:. of bombing ranges and incr-eased pollu­ tendance at all national parks within th~ tiful in th-e United Stat~s. Relief funds tion of streams and to insure· that the last 20 years. At this time there are 26 are no longer avatlabJe, so it has been Government's past investment in-restor­ national parks in the United States. . We placed in the l~p of the Park Service, ing wildlife would not -be jeopardized. . have 4 national historical parks, 82 na;.. and the committee h~ allowed funds tc;. The work of the Fish . and Wildlife tiona! monuments, 11 national military continue it. . ·Service in Alaska falls na.turally unP.er parks, 7 national battlefield sites, 6 na­ · Mr. KEAN. Mr. Cpairman, will the tional historic sites, · 12 national ceme­ two broad classifications: (a) Regulation gentleman yield -before he . g~ts away ·and conservation of the salmon and other teries, and 9 miscellaneous memorials. from the parks? . _ fisheries, and (b) management of the May I call attention to the fact that in Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. !. yield. Alaska fur-seal herd and the furnishing 1940 there were 16,681,695 people visited Mr. KEAN. I notice on page 114 a of necessaries of life, including schooling the parks of the United States. You provision that the sum expended for the and medical attention, to the 450 native would be surprised to know what they· Vanderbilt Mansion historic site shall residents of the Pribilof Islands. pay in cash to get into those parks. Sev­ not exceed the total of the admission The fisheries constitute Alaska's great­ eral of the larger parks brought into the charges. Does the gentleman know what est natural resource, and yield products Federal Treasury over $300,000 each in the admission charges on that were? of an average annual manufactured value fees. But I said there had been an in­ Did they cover last year's expenditure on of $40,000,000, give seasonal employment crease in the number of visitors. Back that site? to upward of 30,000 persons, and repre­ 1920 in there were less than a million Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. I do sent an investment of about $60,000,000. people who visited all the parks of the not recall at the moment. Canned salmon accounts for about 90 United States. Eight years ago there Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, will the percent of . this :fishery wealth, with were 3,481,490 people who visited all the gentleman yield? halibut, herring, cod, shrimp, clams, parks in the United States, a sizable in­ Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. I yield. crabs, and minor items making up the crease. Then from 1933 to 1940 the Mr. LEAVY. I may say that the re­ remainder. amount increased until, as I stated, more ceipts fell substantially short of the The fisheries of Alaska are upon a than 16,000,000 people visited those parks expenditures. ·I last year. sound and enduring basis, and the trend Mr. KEAN. Then this 'year they will ·of productivity is upward, even though The revenues received from all the have to cut expenditures way down if there may be occasional seasonal reces­ parks last year amounted to almost $2,- they operate this park or monument, sions. The future of the :fisheries of 000,000. To be exact, the revenue brought unless more money is appropriated. Alaska is bright. in from fees paid by those 16,000,000 Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. That, as The Pribilof Islands fur-seal herd con­ people was $1,928,000. I recall, is correct. tains about three-fourths of the fur­ We are recommending in the bill $14,- FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE seals of the world. Under Government 466,000, which is less than the Budget We come now to the Fish and Wildlife management this herd has increased estimate by $27,105. Service. ·under Reorganization Plan No. from about 125,000 in 1911 to about Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, will the III, the Bureau of Biological Survey and 2,200,000 at the present time. The gross gentleman yield? the Bureau of Fisheries were consoli­ value of the skins sold in the past year Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma, I yield. .dated into the Fish and Wildlife Service, bas been well over a million dollars. The 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3447 fur-seal herd represents the world's out­ supplies become of critical importance, grounds sufficient to maintain the popu­ standing achievement in the conserva­ and they can be intensified to any needed lation. tion of a wild-animal resource. degree. . About 4,000,000 acres of this land have Other features of the work include pro­ Under the leadership of the Fish and been acquired by the Fish and Wildlife tection of sea otters, walruses, and sea Wildlife Service great strides have been Service, and 178 waterfowl refuges have llons fn the coastal waters of Alaska. made during the past 3 years in coordi­ been established. There are now 267 Marked progress has been achieved in nating the conservation efforts of the refuges for the protection of all native restoring the almost completely annihi­ State game departments and the Federal forms of wildlife with a total area of lated and highly valuable sea-otter re­ Government. Congress has appropr1ated nearly 14,000,000 acres. In 1934 the con­ source in the Aleutian Islands region. $5,000,000 from the more than $9,500,000 tinental population of waterfowl num­ The results of a study of the retaii collected as tax on arms and ammunition bered only about 30,000,000 birds. As a marketing of fish in about 50 cities east and set aside for wildlife purposes. The result of the expanding refuge system of the Mississippi River are now being States contribute $1 for each $3 of Fed­ and other effective restoration activities compiled and analyzed, and will furnish eral money to buy and develop lands for by the Fisb and Wildlife Service, the pop­ the basis for the more orderly marketing wildlife and to carry on studies to see how ulation has increased to an estimated of fish in this populous area. they can improve their management 70,000,000 birds. . Fishery biologists of the Fish and Wild­ practices. Forty-six of the forty-eight In connection with this se1·vice we have life Service in the past few months have States have already assented to the act, made a reduction of $235,500 in the developed a practicable method of in­ and almost 500 different projects are in Budget estimate. We have recommend­ creasing the earnings of the haddock operation. ed a cut of $500,000 in the estimate of fishermen in New England by $4,000,000 Thousands of acres of lands have been - $3,000,000 under the item for Federal aid without" additional investments in the acquired and dedicated to wildlife use. to wildlife restoration. This item has fishing fleet or its cost of operation. If The State game departments are now been expanded by leaps and bounds in the recommendations of these fishery bi­ financially able to employ trained men to recent years. The amount we have rec­ ologists for proper management are car­ conduct studies and surveys and. help ommended is $1,500,000 more than the ried out, the gross yield of food fishes will plan long-time programs which will be 1939 appropriation and $1,000,000 more earn thirteen and a half million dollars of continuing benefit. Already 275 than the 1940 appropriation. We felt more than at present. All of these in­ trained technicians have been hired by that a more rapid expansion was unwise creases would be without danger to con­ the States-a long stride forward in good at this time. In connection with this tinued maximum production and without administration. service we have made several increases danger of depleting the supply. There has been a great lack of techni­ in order to provide for the development The continuous program of biological cians in the field of wildlife management, of sufficient fish-culture stations in the fishery investigations of the Service is a but this gap 1s rapidly being closed. The United States. necessary and powerful factor in con­ 10 cooperative research stations, financed We have also allowed an airplane for serving existing stocks and rehabilitating by the Fish and Wildlife Service, the law-enforcement work in the Territory overftshed and depleted species. The State game departments, the State uni­ of Alaska. The evidence before the com­ present yield of the commercial fisheries versities, and the Wildlife Institute, are mittee showed this to be very ad\"'isable, of four and a quarter billion pot.mds must turning out graduate students at the rate that it would be a splendid investment. be maintained and can be enhanced by of 10 to 15 a year. Since 1936, when the As a matter of fact, an airplane is about scientific research. stations were started, 100 students have the only means that can be used to make The same type of studies with the same been graduated, and all of them are now any serious headway in catci}ing law­ objectives that are maintaining national employed in the field of wildlife manage­ breakers in that rugged, mountainous strength through the wise use of our ment. The employment of trained men country. great commercial food-fishery resources in both the Federal and State agencies TERRITORY 01' ALASKA are likewise being applied to the protec­ will continue to raise the standards of National defense in Alaska tion and development of our inland fish management as time goes on. The Territory of Alaska, vast in area. supplies which satisfy the recreational The special committees in both and possessed of really substantial nat­ needs of upward of 12,000,000 anglers. branches of Congress, realizing the in­ ural resources, has largely grown in in­ During the fiscal year 1940 the total adequacy of the enforcement system, and terest and impartance to the rest of the production of fish and eggs from the also that new national conservation legis­ Nation in recent years. The population Federal hatcheries amounted to 7,402,- lation had brought increased responsibili­ of the Territory increased 22.3 percent 181,000. ties, gave their support to increases of the during the decade ending in 1939. In­ Over 22,000,000 fish-trout and bass­ appropriations made for use in law­ ternational conditions have forced went into Forest Service areas alone. A enforcement work. recognition of the highly important larger number was assigned to other Fed­ With the additional funds thus pro­ strategic position of Alaska with respect eral areas, including national parks, In­ vided the Biological Survey was able to to national defense. At its far north­ dian reservations, reclamation reservoirs, reorganize the work and to increase the· western extremity the main body of and so forth, and it was evident that personnel materially. The State conser­ Alaska extends to a point within 54 these allotments fell short of the require­ vation departments were encouraged to miles of the main body of Asia. Of the ments. There was a marked increase in cooperate in_ widespread campaigns to two small islands lying in the very the demand for stocking farm ponds con­ reduce violations. · throat of Bering Strait, less than 3 miles structed under the auspices of the Soil Game taken by poachers constitutes an apart, and called the Diomedes, one be­ Conservation Service. unnatural loss, and as such it can be pre­ longs to the United States and the other The Fish and Wildlife Service in ad­ vented or reduced to comparatively in­ to Soviet Russia. Moreover, as will be ministering wildlife has not only encour­ consequential proportions. It is only readily seen from an inspection of a aged desirable birds and mammals but necessary to provide an enforcement world globe, a considerable part of the for many years has also taken the leader­ agency sufficiently trained and numerous coast of Alaska lies on or near the Great ship in an intelligent restraint of the enough to cope with the outlawry. Circle Route, the shortest route between numbers of such species as do damage. Careful estimate shows that 120,000,000 the United States on the one side of the Carnivorous animals that prey on live­ acres of former waterfowl habitat have Pacific Ocean and Siberia and the Japa­ stock, rodents that destroy crops or food been taken from use by agriculture, man­ nese Empire on the other side. supplies, carry disease, and by their bur­ ufacturing, and other industries. It rows damage irrigation and other em­ has been figured that about 7,500,000 Value of Alaska to the United States bankments, and birds that prove destruc­ acres of marshland, properly distributed It should be borne in mind that the tive in orchards and grainfields are being throughout the continental United money which we have spent and are controlled more effectively than ever be­ States, will take care not only of the spending in Alaska for military works fore as a result of the operations and existing population of migratory water­ and installations in that Territory are for demonstrations of the Service. These ac­ fowl but of a considerably increased pop­ the benefit of the Nation as a .whole and tivities will take on new significance dur­ ulation, and thus insure the return of a not solely for the protection of the resi­ ing a national emergency in which food breeding stock to the northeast nesting dents of Alaska. 3448 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 But the wealth which we have taken that such a highway to connect with our The Alaska Railroad while the new ter­ out of Alaska up to date and the in­ Territory of Alaska would materially pro­ minus and new railroad mileage are un­ comparably greater wealth which still mote our aims in national defense and der construction. · remains in the Territory would fully might even conceivably make it possible Indeed, it might also be wise not to dis­ justify substantial expenditures for the for us in the future to avoid the mantle the existing line into Seward defense of Alaska alone. Since Alaska anguished reproach of "too little and too after the new road into Passage Canal is was taken over by the United States in late." built, but to have both available so that the year 1867, the Territory has pro­ The Alaska Railroad in the event of the interruption of one duced more than $600,000,000 worth of The Alaska Railroad is of vital im:. the other could take care of the necessary gold, more than $200,000,000 worth of portance to national defense inasmuch as traffic. · copper, more than $130,000,000 in furs, it is the supply line between the Pacific The report of the committee on this exclusive of fur seals and sea-otter pelts, Ocean tidewater terminus and military bill invites the attention of the executive and more than $1,000,000,000 in fisheries posts located at Anchorage and Fair­ agencies of the Government to the plight products, especially the rich and nutri­ banks. of the people of Seward in the event that tious salmon. The forest resources of The fifth supplemental national-de­ the new terminus and connecting line are Alaska, although not now utilized, are fense appropriation bill, reported by the built and the present railroad between capable of producing at least $50,000,000 deficiency committee, which passed both Seward and Mile 66 is dismantled and worth of pulp and pulp products each House and Senate some days ago and abandoned. In such a contingency, that year in perpetuity. The coal beds in which has been approved by the Presi­ plight will be a tragic one, and it is hoped Alaska are so immense that no attempt dent, carries in a lump-sum appropria­ that some suitable relief measures may has been made to estimate their extent tion for military construction the amount be suggested by the proper agency or de­ except to say that there are billions of of $5,300,000 for relocation of the south­ partment of the Government. tons of coal in the Territory. Probably ern end of The Alaska Railroad so as to Seward, the present seaboard terminus the greatest natural wealth of Alaska lies remove the seaboard terminus of that of the railroad, and Anchorage, the site in its agricultural and grazing lands, railroad from the city of Seward, the of a large Army air base and military post some 40,000,000 acres in extent, capable present terminus, to a point near the now under construction, are 114 miles of producing enough food to supply mil­ head of Passage Canal-sometimes called apart by the line of the railroad, and lions of people. The reindeer ranges of Portage Bay, an inlet of Prince William Anchorage is almost due north of seward. the northern and northwestern portions Sound. Such a change involves the Seward is also the terminus of a highway of Alaska could supply enough meat to building of 14 miles ·of new railroad to which extends northerly and northwest­ feed those people. The value of the com­ ~onnect with the proposed new terminus merce between the United States and on Passage Canal. It also involves the erly from Seward a distance of about 75 Alaska exceeds $100,000,000 each- year. abandonment of the southern 66 miles of mil :.J, and which has several short Alaska is indeed a priceless asset in the railroad and of the railroad-terminal branches, built largely to serve in the and of and by itself, over and above its facilities at Seward. The junction point development of mineral deposits in that inestimable value as a defense outpost of the proposed new line of the railroad region. This highway at one point, called for the Nation when it is properly forti­ from Passage Canal and the present line Sunrise, situated on the s.outh shore of fied. is at a point 66 miles north of Seward Turnagain Arm, is only 36 miles from The recent defense program has re­ and for convenience may be called Mile Anchorage. sulted in a tremendous expansion of our 66. By this operation the total length The suggestion has been made that in activities in Alaska. · of the railroad would be shortened by 52 the event of the abandonment of the Highway to Alaska needed. miles. · Seward end of the railroad after the new line of the railroad is completed and in For a number of years past, the de­ The building of the new line and new terminus was urged by the Secretary of use it would be highly advisable to extend sirability of the construction of a high­ .the highway from Sunrise to Anchorage, way to connect the existing road systems War and by the high command of the Army as being necessary for national de­ thus giving highway connection between of the United States and Canada with the · ·seward an·d Anchorage, and in part com­ Richardson Highway in Alaska has been fense. It was pointed out that the pres­ urged upon this committee. The total ent line of the railroad between Seward pensating for the loss of connection by length of the highway necessary to be and Mile 66 is subject to sudden and the railroad. u·is represented that such constructed in order to make road con­ damaging ftoods, and that, moreover, the a road will be necessary for economic nection between the United States and line embraces a number of high trestles reasons to give an outlet for the large Alaska through Canada is approximately and bridges constructed of wood many agricultural area lying on the west side 1,200 miles, and it is-estimated that such years. ago, readily subject to sabotage by of Kenai Peninsula; west and southwest a usable, all-weather road, which could fire or explosives, and costly to maintain. .of Seward. It has been further urged be readily kept open the year around, The generarmanager of the Alaska Rail­ that the construction of such a highway may be built for ·not more than $25,- road has estimated that the new line of would have definite national-defense 000,000. Formerly, the arguments pre­ road to Passage Canal can be built in value, because in the event of interrup­ sented to the committee in support of !'from 18 to 20 months." tion of traffic over the railroad, military such road were based on economic Whether or not this new construction and other supplies and equipment could grounds, namely, the opening up of the can be completed and be in operation in then be moved by highway from Seward large farming and mineral-bearing areas 18 months is a subject as to which this to Anchorage. of Alaska to prospective settlers. Re­ committee possesses no special knowl­ Two Army air bases, three Navy air cently, the national-defense aspects of edge, but even if only 18 months are bases, two submarine bases, and anum­ such a highway have been emphasized in required to complete the job it would ber of airfields for military use are now the need of having an overland route by seem that some adequate provision under construction in Alaska, and a which the military establishments in should be made for the assured mainte­ Coast Guard station has been author­ Alaska can be supplied again~t the pos­ nance of the existing line of the railroad ized. An examination of the several ap­ sible event that the surface of the Pacific between Seward and Mile 66 during that propriation bills enacted during the last Ocean should fall into the control of period. It is possible that the greatest 3 years shows that the total of funds potential enemies. It has been repeatedly danger of sabotage or accidental destruc­ heretofore appropriated or allocated for urged that the construction of such a tion of the timber structures on the pres­ national-defense projects and installa­ road, which, it is said, can be completed ent line will occur within the next 18 tions in Alaska exceeds $95,000,000. A in two summer and one winter seasons, months, before the new line can be com­ part of the work contemplated and ap­ would be the best guaranty of our na­ pleted and put into use. propriated for has been completed, but tional safety so far as that safety de­ Since the Government is committed to much more remains to be done. Some pends directly or indirectly upon the these projects of national defense in thousands of troops of various types, possession of Alaska. Alaska, it would seem the part of wisdom principally intended for the defense of Without being an alarmist and with­ -to take whatever steps are necessary to the air bases and other works con­ out creating enemies by the use of the guarantee the safety and maintenance structed and to be constructed, are now imagination, it seems beyond dispute of the existing transportation facilities of in Alaska, and thousands of additional 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3449 troops undoubtedly will be sent to with the members of the subcommittee, Congress think the future . generations Alaska within the next several months. because I like them personally. In fact, are going to stand up under the heritage The Territory of Alaska was denied I like all Members of the House of Repre­ that this administration is going to leave $50,000 in the estimates for new road sentatives. But I do not like all of the them. How in the world will they be construction for the simple reason that things that the Members of the House of able to conduct the affairs of govern­ .the committee was not given definite Representatives do as a body, nor do I like ment if they have te pay for the ruthless information as to where it was proposed all the things that the administration is expenditures that this administration is to construct this road. now doing, or the things that they have heaping upon them? VffiGIN ISLANDS done in the main. We are here to try to We take the attitude today tha.t every- · do the best we can in our own individual thing is for defense and that we should The Virgin Islands got one increase. way and, if we can as individuals see cut down regular appropriations. But The Governor there is faced with tre­ things properly and clearly, it seems to you are not going to cut down regular mendous problems, one of which is law me that we will probably do some things appropriations, because this administra­ enforcement. We have allowed him one very much differently from the way we tion and this House of Representatives administrative assistant, and we felt this now do them in a collective way. and the Senate are not going to do it. would assist him materially in his work I am going to quote, first, from the They just cannot do it; they just do not in the Virgin Islands. statement made by Secretary Ickes, who know how to do it; they just will not ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION has charge of the Department of the In­ do it. That is my expectation of what The last item in the bill is what is terior as its secretary. He was the last this Congress will do. The President known as the Antarctic Expedition. Ad­ witness who appeared before our com­ will not do it, and he does not insist that mini! Byrd appeared before our commit­ mittee during the hearings. Secretary the Congress do it; he has the power, but tee, and as I am sure all of you who know Ickes stated: he will not do it. him personally will agree, the Admiral The total amount of our estimates for the Mr. HOFFMAN. Will the gentleman · is a very affable and genial gentleman Interior bill for 1942, including amendments yield? with a splendid record as an officer and· to the regular Budget estimates which just Mr. RICH. For a question. a gentleman. I am sure he has the re­ . recently have been submitted by the Presi­ Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman said dent, is $179,687,238. This is an increase of they cannot do it, then he finished up by spect of all the members of the commit­ $35,140,025 over the amount of the appropria­ tee. Members cf the commitee, however, tions available for the current year. Of the saying they will not do it. Does not the do not now, nor have they ever, looked total requested, $119,486,950 are for construc­ gentleman mean they will not do it? with favor on the so-called Antarctic Ex­ tion items carried in the general public works Mr. RICH. This administration can­ pedition. We spent a total of nearly chapter of the 1942 Budget, an increase of not do it because they do not have busi­ $1,000,000 on this expedition to the South $35,066,900 over the 1941 appropriations for ness ability enough to do it. That ls Pole. Our Interior Department subcom- similar items. For general operating func­ what I mean. tions, exclusive of construction, these esti­ Mr. HOFFMAN. It does not take very . mittee did not put in the bill la.st year mates total $60,288,000, or $73,125 more than a dollar to continue the Antarctic Ex- . the corresponding appropriations for 1941. much ability to quit spending money. pedition and made very, very pla.in that Mr. RICH. It does here. They have we expected those two ships and the Since the above statement was made by ; educated everybody in the United States people on that expedition to be brought the Secretary we have added for the l3i- · to come to the Government and ask for home, but they are still in the process tuminous Coal Commission $3,029,000. anything that they may need, and the of bringing them home. We thought we The reason I read the statement of the people expect this Government to give · had allowed enough in the deficiency : Secretary is this: We have written up the it to them without their doing anything bill to bring them home, but it appears bill since that statement was made and, · to get it. · that the $19,610 is needed to wind up if you will turn to the report, you will find Mr. HOFFMAN. Here is what I mean: ·that job, and the committee wrote in its that our · report shows that we are If they cannot do it, of course we cannot report that this is for the purpose of de­ $21,469,245.61 above the Budget of last criticize them for not doing it. mobilizing and liquidating the Antarctic year. We did not cut it sufficiently. You ·Mr. RICH. Well, we never should have Expedition. have all noticed in the newspapers of last : had this administration in the first In closing let me say that certain items week that the President of the United place, because it is not capable. That in the bill will, of course, be criticized, States stated we must cut $1,000,000,000 is the point I make. It never should and that is perfectly all right; but we off the regular appropriations for the · have come into existence. [Applause.] feel that the committee has done a rea­ Government. When secretary Morgen­ Mr. HOFFMAN. The g·entleman sonably good job. thau testified before the Ways and Means · means they are so loose with public The genial and affable ranking minor­ Committee the other day in connection funds they cannot pelp it? ity Member from Pennsylvania will offer with increased taxes he said it is going to Mr. RICH. They were born that way. his criticisms. I hope you will listen to be necessary to cut $1,000,000,000 off the That is the reason the Chief Execu­ them. But I sincerely hope that he regular appropriation bills. Jesse Jones tive's father left everything in trust. will be definite in his criticisms and point stated before the Chamber of Commerce Mr. KEAN. Will the gentleman yield? out item by item where any saving could recently that it will be necessary to cut Mr. RICH. I yield to the gentleman have been made and not talk in glittering down a billion dollars from the regular from New Jersey. generalities. appropriations. But here comes the Sec­ Mr. KEAN. Is it not on account of Let me remind you again that we retary of the Interior and he states that lack of courage? brought this bill in $6,325,000 below the he Is going to have $35,000,000 more this Mr. RICH. It is laclt of courage, lack Budget estimates. Let me remind you, year than he had last year. Does the of ability. I would say it is about 50-50. also, that the increases in the bill above President of the United States and Secre­ Mr. SHEPPARD. Will the gentleman last year's appropriation are primarily tary Morgenthau get any cooperation yield? for or in connection with the national­ from the Department of the Interior? I Mr. RICH. I yield to the gentleman. defense program; and as I stated at the would like to know that. Mr. SHEPPARD. The gentleman outset while we were having these hear­ I have been reciting for 8 long years would admit, however, that it is the con­ ings there came across our desk $33,000,- and giving you daily a resume of what sensus opinion or majority opinion of the 000 of additional supplemental appro­ the Treasury Department is doing. voting public of the United States of priations mostly for defense items and Never in the history of this Nation have America that they should be there? The the committee could not do more, we we been such squanderers of public gentleman will concede that? felt, in justice to national defense, than funds as this administration. Never in Mr. RICH. May I say that your ad­ to allow a majority of these Budget re- · the history of this Nation have we had ministration has brought the American quests. [Applause.] men in public office who were more de­ people to the point where they believe it [Here the gavel fell.] sirous of trying to get money out of the just comes out of a great treasury, and Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ air or money out of the future genera­ all they have to do is ask and it will be self 10 minutes. tions than the present administration. given to them without working to get it. Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I have en­ The thing that amazes me is how this That is the greatest .damage this admin­ joyed my association during the hearings· administration and the Members of istration J::.g,s done to the American 3450 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 people. It causes us to be weak-kneed The amount we are spending in this is the reason I cannot go after this bill men and women. They have caused us appropriation is $177,019,078. When the with hammer and tongs and cause you to to lose faith in our own ability to do Senate gets through with it it will be stay here for a week, fighting this bill. things, and with the way you people have much larger. We take in in receipts about However, I say this from the stand­ been dishing it out, the people think there $37,000,000 from all phases of this De­ point of a businessman and a Member of is no end to it. The people are going to partment. I asked the Secretary the very Congress, I honestly believe I could take get a great reaction when they find out question I ask you, "Where are you going this appropriation bill for the Depart­ this country is bankrupt. Everybody to get the money to carry on for that De­ ment of the Interior and place such · will receive the greatest shock that this partment?" I asked him if it was not charges upon the· services the people of Nation has ever known. And the way we possible for him to secure larger revenues this country receive from the Depart­ are going it will not be long until we are from the people who benefit by what ment that I could cut the amount of this bankrupt. Jesse Jones yesterday said they receive from the Department. He appropriation by $30,000,000 to $40,000,- we would soon have a $90,000,000,000 said that he supposed he could; but that 000, and make the Interior Department debt. That is terrible, I must say. because the Department of Agriculture self-sustaining. I honestly believe that Mr. HOUSTON. Mr. Chairman, will gave away so much, or permitted too could be done. Certainly it ought to be the gentleman yield? many gratuities to be given to the people, worth a trial. Mr. RICH. I yield to the gentleman he did not believe his Department should Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, will the from Kansas. charge the people for serv!ces rendered gentleman yield? Mr. HOUSTON. Were the majority unless the Department of Agriculture did Mr. RICH. I yield to the gentleman of the American people of that opinion the same thing. I asked him, "Where from Ohio. in 1933? are you going to get the money to operate Mr. BENDER. May I commend the Mr. RICH. No. I say you have had the Department?" He said, "That is up gentleman for his fine statement? The to Congress." gentleman will be amazed to hear that the people of this country camouflaged. the Committee on Rivers and Harbors You are camouflaging them right now in "That is up to Congress." That is the this morning authorized appropriations the same way as, I say, the President of statement that is made by every head of of $484,000,000, $384,000,000 in excess of the United States is when he says he is a department that comes before our com­ · what was suggested even by the admin­ going to cut down the regular appropria­ mittee. They realize they could put a istration people. There were included -tions by a billion dollars. You will not better business administration in their such projects as the Florida ship canal. do it. You will find out I am right and departments, but they are not going to The only thing that was not included the President is wrong. Before this ses­ do it, because they are jealous of some was Passamaquoddy, and I cannot for the sion ends you will find that the Presi­ other departments. When it comes to life of me understand why they did not dent of the United States and this Con­ getting money, they think they will come include that. gress will have appropriated for the to the Congress and get it; I say they Mr. RICH. Did you say I would be sur­ · regul:u functions of the Government just are justified in that belief because the prised? I am not surprised at anything as much as was appropriated last year. Congress generally gives them about what this administration does. I am not sur­ Mr. HOUSTON. Does the gentleman they ask for. I condemn such action by prised, because with them, the sky is the mean that Mr. Hoover camouflaged the this Congress. It is a terrible situation limit, and bankruptcy will be the eventual people in 1933? so far as a business administration in the result. So you are not surprising me, and Mr. RICH. No; Mr. Hoover is an hon­ various departments of the Government I can say this in all good faith, because est man·; he always told the truth. You is concerned. I bring this point out for I do not expect anything else from them. know it, and all the people know it. the reason that I know it is necessary When they passed that Florida ship­ [Here the gavel fell.J that the Congress take steps to correct canal project they ought to have been · Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ this evil. ashamed of themselves, and they ought self 10 minutes. This is a time when I When the Assistant Secretary of the to be ashamed of themselves to think of have the bull by the horns. I shall yield Department of the Interior appeared be­ going ahead and proposing. the St. Law­ myself as much time as I choose, and I fore the committee he made the state­ rence waterway at a time like this. am not going to yield for a minute. ment that they were going to do away, he Mr. BENDER Mr. Chairman, will the Secretary Ickes bragged about the fact thought, with the fees they are now gentleman yield? that since he has been Secretary of the charging. When the Secretary appeared Mr. RICH. I yield. Interior he has increased the number of before the committee, after I had criti­ Mr. BENDER. And they voted the · employees in that Department in the cized him so vehemently, saying it was Florida ship canal item in the face of a District by 28 percent, but he has iii­ wrong to do away'with the fees, the Sec­ statement by Judge MANSFIELD, the chair• creased the number of employees in the retary said he had no idea of releasing man of the committee, that no owners Interior Department in the field by 226 the fees now charged and would try to of boats had requested it and that, in fact, percent. collect the $37,000,000 again this year. I there were only two boats that could pos­ You recall that when the President of congratulate him because he differs with sibly use the Florida ship canal at this the United States took office he said, "I the Assistant Secretary, Mr. Burlew, in time. will consolidate bureaus, eliminate de­ that respect. However, I am very Mr. RICH. It is a terrible travesty partments, and cut down the operating friendly with Mr. Burlew but I do not on justice to the American people to expenses of the Government by 25 per­ share his views in this respect. think of the many things that Congress cent," yet the Secretary. of the Interior May I say that I do not have the heart does that are not sensible or sound and seems to get a great deal of satisfaction to fight this Interior Department appro­ will eventually lead only to the down­ out of the great increase in his Depart­ priation bill this year as I did last year, fall of the American Republic unless ment. and I will tell you why. Three or four the American people wake up, and the The Secretary of the Interior has said: weeks ago we gave $7,000,000,000 to the only way you are going to wake them President of the United States to give up is when you bring in a tax bill here Through the press, the radio, and through away in arms and ammunition to kill for $3,500,000,000. It ought to be $6,000,- our educational media we have spread the conception of public responsibility· for our people, and then appropriated $4,000,- 000,000, and that tax bill should have great natural heritage. 000,000 ourselves, making a total of $11,- been enacted 8 years ago, because . this . 000,000,0000 in 2 days, after very few administration has received the greatest In that respect, there is nobody who is hours of debate. That would be enough revenues that any administration ever trying to spend more money for propa­ to run the Interior Department for over received, but their expenditures exceed ganda for his own Department than Sec­ 60 years at the rate it is now going. I their revenues by such fabulous sums retary Ickes. The money that is being am more for spending money to help the that it is simply terrible to think about spent for his radio programs and for the American people than I am for going to it. The great indebtedness that this ad­ propaganda th&.t is going on in that De­ Europe to try to destroy life and get our-· ministration will leave the country is a partment could be eliminated, we could selves into such a hole, possibly, that we deplorable thing-a travesty to the on­ · cut it all out, and the country would be will wreck this Nation of ours if we go to coming generations. better off if we did. war over there. I am opposed to it. That [Here the gavel fell.] 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3451 Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ corporation there with a capital stock of do the things that they have been doing self 10 minutes more. 374 shares at $5 a share, making $1,870. in the last few years, which are going to Let me now call your attention to the That is a sugar plant, and they also have run this country into bankruptcy and fact that we have in this country about a butyl alcohol plant. The Government ruin financially, then you are responsible 360,000 Indians. The object in the cre­ loaned this corporation, having $1,870 for making such loans, for doing business ation of the Indian Bureau was to try of capital stock, the sum of $933,002. that should not be done. to get the Indians to become self-sus­ Does anybody think that anyone but the Now we have the reclamation projects. taining, and by appropriating funds for Government would loan a private cor­ Much of the money that has been a few years for use along educational poration of $1,870 capital stock a million loaned for reclamation goes out to sepa­ lines to make them competent to handle dollars? No banker or private corpora­ rate individual projects, and they are sup­ their own affairs so that they would not tion would do that; and yet the Govern­ posed to pay that back into the revolving be a charge on the American public. ment did. fund, and when they get it into the re­ But, instead of this, each year we in­ There is another corporation there with volving fund they loan it out again. It crease the amount of money for the 386 shares of stock at $5 a share, amount­ should revert to the Treasury of the Indian Bureau, and we are making such ing to a capital-stock issue of $1,930. United States. increases in appropriations that, instead That is a private corporation, but look [Here the gavel fell.] of the Indians becoming self-sustaining, at what the Government has done. They Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I will take they are coming each year to rely more have loaned that corporation $2,499,- 5 minutes more. I could go on here for and more on the Federal Government to 931.27. Would any banker do that? quite a long time on this bill and show give them aid and assistance. WoUld anybody but the Government loan you hundreds of places where we could I believe that the cost of the Indians that money to that corporation? They cut down these appropriations, and it now is running anywhere from $295 to did not send me a list of the stockholders, ought to be done if we are going to carry $315 a head. This is what it is costing but I have a statement back there on out the statement that the President and the Federal Government for their up­ the table, and they say that it is a private the Secretary of the Treasury and Mr. keep and maintenance. corporation. That is just camouflaging Jesse Jones said, but it will not be done, One thing we have been doing under the American people, because the Gov­ because I tried to cut off an appropria­ the administration of the Indian Bureau ernment owns these corporations, and tion for the Bituminous Coal Commis­ is to build such fine buildings as schools in one corporation they have this butyl sion this morning, and they said because for these Indians that when they come alcohol plant, another rum plant in the Bituminous Coal Commission was out of these schools. they naturally ex­ Puerto Rico which you people in the gal­ coming out of the operators and the tax­ pect that they will have surroundings leries and all the people of America are payers they would not cut it down. So I similar to what they had when under stockholders in. have no faith in having this bill reduced. the supervision of the Government. We We also have .a fruit growers' coopera­ Can you blame me for not trying to are teaching them to expect too much, tive association there. The Government take a lot more time to show you these and they are not going to take it so has loaned that corporation $116,403. things? I do not have any idea you will well when they have to go back to their They had a deficit this year of $28,000, cut anything from this appropriation. I reservations because they are disap­ and finally they gave it up and said to leave it to you to do your duty. With pointed and discouraged. So today we the Government, "You take the whole less than 50 Members on the floor of the are causing them to feel that they ought thing." So after they had operated and House when we make these great appro­ to be maintained by the Government. went into bankruptcy and accumulated priations, and with less than 50 Members I think the Indian Bureau should be a lot of debts they turned it over to the on the floor during the consideration of operated in a very different way from Government and the Government took most of the appropriations, you do not what it has been in the past. it. They also have other plants on these give the time to those bills that they I shall now take up the question of islands. The point I make is that we are deserve. You do not give them proper the Virgin Islands. We have the Virgin putting the Government in business and recognition. You are only leading the Islands rum plant and a sugar industry the Government loses and the taxpayers country to disaster. which the Government has been oper­ lose. I will give you some more information ating. As you know, this plant has been Mr. KEAN. Mr. Chairman, will the on this bill when we come to read the bill operated with a $30 capitalization after gentleman yield? with respect to certain items concerning the Government spent $3,500,000 trying Mr.·RICH. Yes. which I propose to offer amendments to to build it up. This year they lost over Mr. KEAN. Will the gentleman tell cut down some of the appropriations. I $38,000 on a $30 capitalization. I have me whom he means by the Government? hope that other members of the com­ always objected to this rum plant that Who lends this money-Jesse Jones or l!littee, the gentleman from washington you are all stockholders in because I do the R. F. C.? [Mr. LEAVY], the gentleman from Ne­ not believe in the American public being Mr. RICH. It is the Department of vada, Governor ScRUGHAM, the gentleman in the rum business, and I do not believe the Interior. They have the Puerto from California [Mr. SHEPPARD], the gen­ in the Government being in business of Rican Reconstruction Finance Associa­ tleman from Oklahoma [Mr. JoHNSON]. any kind. The Secretary sent the mem­ tion, and they have made these loans to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. JoNES], bers of the subcommittee some of the these corporations that they claim are the gentleman from California [Mr. CAR­ Government rum again this year, and the private corporations, and Mr. Ickes is TER], and myself included, with all the clerk of the committee called me up and the guiding star. other Members of Congress, will get into said, "Since you do not use it, I do not Mr. KEAN. And we appropriate the their hearts a desire to try to save this suppose you will want your rum," and I money for that? Nation from bankruptcy. [ApplauseJ said, "Yes; send me that rum over to [Here the gavel fell.J my office, because I do not want the Mr. RICH. Certainly, somebody did, Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Chairman, I other members of the committee to get or they would not have the money. They yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from it, and I do not want anybody else to get it from this administration. Washington [Mr. LEAVY], a member of get it because I am afraid it might in­ Mr. HOOK. Mr. Chairman, will the the committee. jure them." So I have the rum now in gentleman yield? Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, it would my office, and I shall probably retain it Mr. RICH. Yes. be impossible in 10 minutes or in 10 hours for future use. [Laughter.] Mr. HOOK. Is it not a fact that back to attempt either a defense of a measure Then I asked the Secretary about the in the Republi~an administration Charlie of this kind or a justification of it. This rum plant they have down in Puerto Dawes, the Republican Vice President, committee began hearings on the 20th of Rico. He said that the Government does was loaned some $90,000,000? I wonder March. We continued through until no·t own a rum plant in Puerto Rico, that whether that was wrong or not? about the 25th of April before we wrote the Government is not in business in Mr. RICH. Let me say this: I am not up the bill. There are nine members on Puerto Rico, that it is a private enter­ here to protect Republicans or [)emo­ this committee. As has been indicated, prise. I want to show how we are cam­ crats, or to heap trouble on anybody, but the sessions were from morning until ouflaging the American people as to what I say when you and you and you do not evening. Yet I must confess there is a we are doing in Puerto Rico. There is a do the thing that is best for America, and tremendous lot in this bill that I know LXXXVII--218 3452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 very little about.- It is humanly impos­ and then attempt to prove it to you: I the Budget, Harold D. Smith, relating to sible for the most intelligent and the feel there are many things in this appro­ the item of $10,900,000 emergency appro­ most industrious Member of this Con­ priation bill for the Interior Department priation increasing the appropriation gress to understand, except in a super­ that directly and unqualifiedly tie-them­ over the preceding year in which he says: ficial manner, any of these great appro­ selves in to our national-defense pro­ This rapid demand for power in the area to priation measures. Of course, we can gram. The increase over last year is be served by the Bonneville and Grand Coulee criticize or we can shoot in the dark in made necessary not only in its entirety, power plants makes necessary the installation - the matter of reductions or additions and but in sums even exceeding the increase, of additional generating facilities. Provision just trust to luck. In the final analysis, by reason of national defense. For in­ has been made for the installation of all units stance, the Bonneville project is out in at Bonneville and three units at Grand a subcommittee on appropriations which Coulee. To meet the growing demands the writes a bill and brings it into the House my region. It is not in my district, but Bureau of Reclamation cont emplates con­ must depenc"i in large measure upon what it is in the Northwest on the Columbia tracting for three additional units at Grand the Budget has done upon the case as River between Oregon and Washington, Coulee in the near future. Funds for these the agent of the executive department of near the mouth of that great river. additional units, of 108,000 kilowatt capacity the Government presents it. He is a very There we have a great flood control, navi­ each and estimated to cost about $9,000,000, partial witness and he tries to put for­ gation, and power project. The in­ will not be required before late in the fiscal ward his best foot always. creases were some ten or eleven million year 1942 or early in the succeeding year. dollars this Y·ear, and there was a little The foregoing estimate of appropriation is Those are all things we took into con­ required to meet contingencies which have sideration. You will note, in spite of the question even in the minds of those of us arisen since the submission ·of the Budget for fact that members of this subcommittee who are its best champions as to whether 1941, and its approval is recommended. in large part come from the western half that could tie itself to national defense. of the United States, where the items in We asked the clerk of our committee to [Here the gavel fell.] the bill are matters of great concern, contact the head of the Office of Produc­ Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Chairman, I since the money in large measure will be tion Management, Mr. Knudsen. yield 7 additional minutes to the gentle­ spent there in the first instance, yet, we '\Ve asked him to send a representative man from Washington. report here a bill in this year of unprece­ : to our committee to give us impartial Mr. LEAVY. The gentleman is correct. dented appropriations that is 3.62 percent information as to whether or not such in­ In addition to what I have just mentioned under the Budget. That is the greatest creases were justified and needed as a in support of that appropriation, we have cut below the Budget estimates of any part of national defense. The response the Bureau of the Budget, we have the bill that has come before this House dur­ came in the form of a letter from Mr. Federal Power Commission, and we have ing the Seventy-seventh Congress. [Ap­ J. D. Biggers, as follows: this unusual situation out there, we have plause.] OFFICE OF PRODUCTION MANAGEMEl-IT, the Aluminum Co. of America, we have It is not right to say that you should OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL, the Reynolds Metal Co. of America, and just cut here, there, or the other place~ Washington, D. C., April 25, 1941. half a dozen other corporations that are because that would not be consistent with Hon. EDWARD T. TAYLOR, just simply on their knees begging for our work as legislators. 'Chairman, Committee on Appropriations, this electric power. House of Representatives. We all recognize that we have. a bottle­ I want to pay a well-deserved tribute MY DEAR MR. TAYLoR: The growing need for to the clerk of our committee, William an abundant and available supply of electric neck now in our whol.e airplane produc­ Duvall, who did so much in helping us energy for use by defense industries impels tion because of a shortage of light metals. prepare this bill in an orderly manner me to address you in the interest of the re­ Let me make this statement to you in and in helping us make the record as it quest of the Bonneville Power Administration that connection, that this is not money is. a record of 2,000 pages. now pending before your committee for its thrown away. The receipts from Bonne­ I want to likewise pay a well-deserved appropriation for fiscal year 1942. The ville and Coulee power in the first year of amount requested aggregates $23,847,600 and partial production, that is, next year, are compliment to James Scanlon, who does _ is required for facilities for transmitting elec­ the editorial work for every subcommittee tric power from the generating plants of the going to exceed . $6,000,000-in just 1 of the Committee on Lppropriations. If administration to the points where the power year-with Bonneville about 60 percent you will examine these hearings, examine is to be used. The plants of defense indus­ in production and Coulee less than 17 the index, examine the subtitles, the sub­ tries in the Pacific Northwest are incr~asing perce11t in production. heads, and arrangement of the material, constantly, and the demand for more and Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, will the you will find it is done by men who have larger blocks of electric. power is likewise gentleman yield on that point? growing. a real understanding of the work they , The request of the Bonneville Power Ad­ Mr. LEAVY. I yield. do, and to Jim Scanlon must go the ministration of the Interior Department con­ Mr. KEEFE. I am fully appreciative of greatest credit for the hear·"tlgs on every tains particular items which might be the gentleman's great interest in Grand bill. . construed as of primary civil rather than Coulee and in Bonneville. I should like There are 15 major activities in this emergency need,· but the great preponderance to inquire whether or not this increase in bill, and they divide themselves into 30 of the total is needed f.or transmitting power this appropriation bill is to be used prin­ submajor activities, all in the Interior for defense purposes. · cipally for the building of transmission Knowing of your interest and that of your Department. These subactivities, in colleagues on the Appropriations Committee lines? You are producing the current. turn, divide themselves into literally hun­ in all aspects of the defense of the country, You have got to get that current to the dreds of items. Of necessity, we could I feel that you will want to give favorable consumer. Is not that true? only give a little time to any of them. I consideration to the request of the Bonne­ Mr. LEAVY. That is exactly the am appreciative, as I know every Mem­ ville Administration. situation. ber on the majority side of the House is, Very truly yours, Mr. KEEFE. As soon as you have these of our distinguished colleague the.gentle­ J. D. BIGGERS, transmission lines built you will be able man from ·Pennsylvania [Mr. RICH] of Director of Production Divisi on. to take a large portion of the potential the attitude that he tak-es; not that it is I do not know what better proof any output of both these generating plants. one of carelessness, but the position he Member of this House would want in sup­ Is not that true? takes is that he does not have the heart port of an appropriation· if he had here­ Mr. LEAVY. That is the history of the to fight this appropriation this year be­ tofore voted for national-defense appro­ development of both these projects. cause, by comparison, it is a very minor priations, because this statement from Three years ago it was asked, What will appropriation when viewed in the light of the man perhaps best qualified to advise you do with this output?" It has already some appropriation bills that we have us. clearly is proof of need. resulted in tremendous rate reductions to passed and some that we Will pass. I do Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, will the the average consumer, and there has been not say that I subscribe to that doctrine, · gentleman yield? a tremendous upsurge in consumption. because I feel that every item we have in Mr. LEAVY. I yield to the gentleman Mr. KEEFE. I hope the gentleman will here is fully justified. from Oregon. make that point clear, because so many I know it is a sort of a threadbare ar­ Mr. -ANGELL. ·on the point the gen­ people of the country are of the opinion gument to say· national defense is the tleman from washington is discussing, that the development of Grand Coulee cause of some increases, but I am going there appears in House Document 133, and Bonneville will result in a huge ex­ to run the risk of repeating this assertion a communication from the Director of penditure of money and the installation 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3453 of generating plants that will produce a when we consider the fact he is always would have installed the generator fa­ tremendous amount of electrical energy looking for where we are going to get cilities at Fort Peck, but by reason of where there is nc market for that energy. the money. Complimentary reference the tremendous step-up in the national­ The fact is just the reverse, is it not? may be made to all of the other Mem­ defense program, those facilities have Mr. LEAVY. It certainly is, and if I bers. not been built, so the line will not be had the time I could readily make it clear [Here the gavel fell.] necessary within the next year. It is a to everybody. The average city of 125,000 Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Chairman, I necessary item, but perhaps premature people in America requires about 50,000 yield the gentleman 5 additional minutes. in having it in there at this time. How­ kilowatts of electricity. The Aluminum Mr. O'CONNOR. I call the gentle­ ever, I credit the gentleman's industry Co. of America now is buying 165,000 kilo­ man's attention also to the fact that and activity in that respect. watts, or almost 3% times the amount of while money is loaned on these projects, Mr. SHEPPARD. Will the gentleman electrical energy required by the aver­ I think approximately 95 percent has yield? age city of 125,000 population. The been repaid as the payments fall due. It Mr. LEAVY. I yield to the gentleman Reynolds Metal Co. is going to use more is about the best security the Govern­ from California. electricity that~ a city of 150,000 would ment has at this time. Mr. SHEPPARD. May I call the gen­ use. So much for the industrial use. May I also ask the gentleman to ex­ tleman's attention to the fact that one Our farmers have not their homes elec­ plain one item? He heard my statement of the specific reasons, according to the trified to a very much greater extent than this morning with reference to taking out testimony before the committee, was it have the people in the Middle West, but of the bill the item of $500,000 that was would not be effective or could not be when you give them electricity at 5 mills to be used for the· purpose of building effective until 1944. a kilowatt-hour-and that is the rate transmission lines to convey power from Mr. LEAVY. That is exactly what I fixed for Grand Coulee-Bonneville power Fort Peck over to various places of use; attempted to say. to the Rural Electrification Administra­ that is, to lift the water to places of use Mr. O'CONNOR. The gentleman tion-instead of 15 mills, or 3 times as in western North Dakota and eastern agrees with the statement I made here­ much, and you are going to increase con­ Montana. I would like to have the gen­ tofore as to why the item was taken out? sumption tremendously. The truth of tleman explain why that was taken out, .Mr. LEAVY. I do. the matter is that if the President, as if he will. Mr. Chairman, I have taken consider­ a part of the New Deal, had not had the Mr. LEAVY. May I say, first, I appre­ ably more time than I should have. I foresight 7 or 8 years ago to begin these ciate the gentleman's compliment. If I would like to have answered my genial great undertakings, to wit, Grande Coulee have ever knowingly, in the 5 years I friend from Pennsylvania on the ques­ and Bonneville, we could not possibly have been a member of this committee, tion of the Government in business. In carry on even in the manner in which we urged or presented a cause which I did one breath he says the Government are now doing in our present national-de­ not honestly believe had merit, I cannot should charge fees for services that are fense program. recall it. I would not do that. Our good strictly governmental, referring to the Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Chairman, will friends in the East and in the South are Park Service, and make a profit out of it. the gentleman yield? sometimes unmindful of the fact that In the next breath he says he would not Mr. LEAVY. I yield. Uncle Sam owns a great part of the west­ have the Government in business at all. Mr. O'CONNOR. I should like to call ern half of the United States. He is the I challenge the gentleman from Penn­ the gentleman's attention to this fact, landlord there; he is the boss in that sylvania or any other Member of this supplementing what he has already region: and it is his property that the House on either side, and I care not how stated, that about 3 years ago, due to un­ Interior bill secures funds, with which we profound an economist he may be, to precedented low water in the Missouri manage the estate of Uncle Sam, directly pick out of this bill functions in any con­ River, caused by lack of snow in the owned by him. siderable degree that are not govern­ mountains, that it was necessary to im­ Now, reclamation has a real value, just mental. It is the Government's business port power as far as eastern Montana as the construction of these giant dams to be in charge of the parks, the public from the gentleman's State of Washing-· has. The repayments on Federal recla­ lands, the Geological Survey, the Recla­ ton in order that the smelter in Great mation projects are 98 percent current. mation Service, and all of these other 15 Falls could be operated. As I under­ This is surely a wonderful record. It is activities. stand it, we now have almost the same true the Government gets no interest on [Here the gavel fell.] situation in the mountains. · We have a the money it puts into the construction Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Chairman, I dearth of snow, and it will probably be of a reclamation project, but it is paid yield the gentleman 1 additional minute. necessary to import power again from back over 40 years in 40 annual install­ . Mr. STEFAN. Will the gentleman the gentleman's State into Idaho, into ments. Homes are made for millions of yield? western Montana, and perhaps into people who otherwise would become drift­ Mr. LEAVY. I yield to the gentleman eastern Montana. ers and wanderers. The fact that there from Nebraska. While I am C'n the subject, I want to is a need for this is evidenced by the last Mr. STEFAN. I thank the distin­ compliment the gentleman, because I census. The population increase in the guished gentleman from Washington for know it is due him. The country as a western half of the United States where yielding to me at this point. The ftags whole, and particularly the entire west­ reclamation is practiced was 14.7 percent, over every one of our national parks ern part of the United States, and par­ while the population increase in the should be flying at half mast today in ticularly his own State, is exceedingly United States as a whole was around token of mourning for a man who has fortunate in having the gentleman as a 7 percent-just about twice as much in done more for the advancement of our Member of Congress and his serving upon the western part of the United States as National Park Service than any other. the important committee of which he is the figure for the whole Nation. I will It is with deep regret that I inform the such a valued member. He has rendered not have time to go into the matter fully,. House at this time of the untimely death untold beneficial services to all of the but these added people are entitled to a of Mr. Arno B. Cammerer, former Direc­ Northwest. chance to establish themselves and be­ tor of our National Park Service, at the If it were not for his untiring and un­ come independent. age of 57 years. He was born in my selfish work, together with the work of Answering the gentleman's question State of Nebraska and he was my per­ his colleagues serving on the Appropria­ as to why the item of $500,000 was taken sonal friend. tions Committee-and I refer to such out of the bill after the Budget had ap­ I notice in the legislation before us Members as the gentleman from Nevada proved it, I can almost pay the gentle­ that this Committee so recognized the [Mr. ScRUGHAMJ, the gentleman from man a compliment by stating his able great work of Arno Cammerer that they California [Mr. SHEPPARD], and the gen­ and his persuasive presentation of this provided funds to make him an Associate tleman from Oklahoma LMr. JOHNSON]­ item to the Bureau of Reclamation Director of the Park Service. His host ! do not know what we out in the western and to the Bureau of the Budget and of friends will appreciate this recogni­ part of the country would have done. I everybody in influence resulted in this tion by Congress. He was Director of may also refer to my friend from the item winning premature approval. Last that Service up to a year ago, and be­ State of Pennsylvania, who has contrib­ fall the item of $500,000 was put in on cause of ill health he was forced to· leave . uted his share also, or as much as he can, the theory that the Army engineers . that directorship. Since then he has 3454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 been acting in an advisory capacity. He materials. I have worked on the idea show that major nations have only ignored his ill health and continued his that the Nation and my region could be maintained their position by maintain..: work for the Government, which he has materially benefited by coupling together ing their metal independence. served for over 30 consecutive years. these resources and the great amounts In addition, we mu.St consider at thiS Arno Cammerer dedicated his life to the of low-cost hydro power native to that time· possible post-war conditions. If we land and the people of our country. He region. It is true that these northwest­ are to hold our own nationally, we must had many opportunities for the more ern deposits are of lower grade than those be able to meet the coming post-war glamorous phases of life, but he fre­ occurring in the older sections of the commercial invasion. All these modern quently demonstrated his determination country and occur in more complex processes of peace and war depend on to give his life to provide opportunity for structures. However, this ceases to be a abundant low-cost electric energy. The health, recreation, education, and enjoy­ handicap when modern electrochemical Detroit automotive industry would not ment of the people of America. and electrothermal processes are used. have been possible without the electric So this afternoon, Mr. Chairman, I join To utilize such processes electricity cost­ metals produced from low-cost Niagara with thousands of other friends of Arno ing, delivered, less than 3 mills per kilo­ power. I cite this as an example of the Cammerer to pay a tribute to his memory watt-hour must be available. The Co­ results accomplished by coupling low·· and in this way placing in the permanent lumbia River is one of the few spots in cost energy to latent raw materials. RECORD of Congress our appreciation of the country where such energy can be the great service rendered by this man had; it is practically the only place where ADDED CAPACITY who gave so many years of his life to the it can be secured in large quantities. Previously Bonneville's opponents have service of his country and to the service On May 8, 1940, I addressed the House urged that no market existed for Bonne­ of mankind. on this critical defense subject and pre­ ville power. Actual contract results Mr. LEAVY. I thank the distinguished sented some compilations and conclu­ within the past year has now evaporated gentleman from Nebraska for paying the sions. This subject matter was presented such an argument. We today see load well-deserved and beautiful tribute to a 8 days before the President first addressed demands in excess of installed plant and great and good. man and an exceptional Congress on the European situation. This transmission capacity. public servant, who has passed, so un­ survey pointed out some very definite For the past few years we have pointed timely, to his final reward. I pay tribute conclusions that need to be considered. out the Bonneville results that could be to him as being one of the greatest men A reading of that presentation will show accomplished from demonstrated natural in that particular field with whom it has the metal situation we face today was load-growth surveys. I early urged the ever been my pleasure to ·come in con­ obvious from the factual analysis of the complet:on of Bonneville and presented tact. [Applause.] metal and defense statistics. factual . estimates to demonstrate the [Here the gavel fell.] Let us take aluminum for example. soundness of such a suggestion. Time Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Chairman, I This is the base material for any air pro­ has demonstrated the correctness of these yield the gentleman from Oregon [Mr. gram. No nation can produce airships estimates and the vision of your commit­ ANGELL] such time as he may desire. in quantity and quality without adequate tee in making allowances for transmis­ sion construction as soon as the author­ BONNEVILLE POWER IN PEACE AND WAR. supplies of aluminum or substitute light metals. Aluminum is an electrolytic izing act had been passed. To market Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, .I desire metal Last year our production of this power we must be able to deliver. Elec­ to urge the approval of the allocations in metal represented about 425,000 kilo­ tricity cannot be stored, packaged, or this bill for the Bonneville project. They watts of equivalent electric capacity. transported like other commodities. The are items to provide necessary transmis­ record plainly shows that the Adminis-, sion facilities in order to make complete The best information available indicates that the Axis Powers have in their terri­ trator is now finding it difficult to supply use of Bonneville power In the present sufficient power from Bonneville and emergency. tories over 2.5 times this equivalent elec­ tric· capacity as a base for their air pro­ Grand Coulee to meet the defense loads We are finding in the present emer­ and local requirements. It is always well gency, as we found in the World War gram. Gentlemen, every available Co­ lumbia River hydro power kilowatt must to remember that no worth-while private No. 1, one of our most essential needs capacity has been installed in this region is electrical energy for · power purposes. quickly be put to work before we can be­ gin to approach their realized light-metal since 1929. A substantial part of the de­ Fortunately we h~ve several large power­ standard. Remember also that the un­ mands on Bonneville arises from inade­ producing projects now operating quate private regional installed capacity, throughout the United States that we satisfactory solution of this situation re­ did not have in the last World War. In sulted in inadequate air forces for LOAD CONDITJONS my district is Bonneville, on the Colum­ France, and thus contributed to that On page 2675 of the RECORD of March bia River, and nearby Grand Coulee, both nation's downfall. I could spend a great 27 last, I pointed out facts on the in­ utilizing the great capacity of this, the deal of time on this subject and also point creased load conditions in the Bonneville second largest river in the United States, out the necessity for developing our area. I would like to briefly summarize for power production. Neither of these western lucites, alunites, and other clays this information for the benefit of this plants is yet completed, but Bonneville is to replace our imported bauxites, but committee. nearing completion and Grand coulee has will pass along to cover briefly the nick the forefathers of every other Mem­ one, because the Congress, as he says, sions in public, that the President has ber of Congress-whether he or his fore- has no information whatever. I say that this power under the Constitution to 3466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 convoy and patrol, and that nowhere in and a great many Democrats-who are President of the United States is the one the law does he have the power by statute. not discussing this issue at the present man in the administration today, the one I am wondering if the gentleman from time. It is our duty to do it, and it is the man in authority in the administration, New York would give me his opinion as to duty of those on the other side wlio are who refuses to take the leap over the whether or not that position is correct, in favor of convoys to get up here and precipice into war. I believe the Presi­ as far as he sees it? give their reasons for being in favor of dent of the United States is having tre­ Mr. FISH. I think it is a very debat­ convoys. A few weeks ago it was not pos­ mendous pressure brought upon him by able question whether the President, as sible to get a Democratic Senator or his own interventionist Cabinet which he Commander in Chief of- the Army and Democratic Member of the House to up­ appointed, including two former Repub­ Navy, has the power to convoy ships into hold convoys over the radio. They do lic~ns-and there are no greater inter­ war zones, because that in itself, as is not want to come out in the open on con­ ventionists in America than those two­ obvious to everybody, is an act of war. voys, because convoys mean shooting, as well as by powerful groups of people Congress alone has the power to declare and shooting means war, and they are in the city of New York, and by interven­ war; not the President of the United afraid to advocate convoys. It is there­ tionist newspapers, war-making column­ States. If he assumes that power which fore the duty of those of us who are ists and others representing the 15 per­ is not authorized by any bill-certainly against convoys to bring up this debate cent for war who are exerting the most not by the lease-lend bill-I would re­ and ask those who would propose convoys terrific pressure upon the President to mind those who talk so loosely about to support their position and to give their push him into war. But I do not believe the lease-lend bill that there was reasons. Let us have a full debate in this th~ President has made up his mind to an amendment put on the bill in the great deliberative body. repudiate his word ·to the American Senate, the Clark amendment, ratified by Mr. NORRELL. I agree with the gen­ people, to repudiate the Democratic plat­ the House later, which says that all these tleman from New York that convoying form upon which he was elected. goods we produce should change owner­ would undoubtedly mean war. [Here the gavel fell.J ship, which a.ctually means there should Mr. FISH. That is what I want the Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ not be any convoying. But I do not deny public to know. The decks have been self 3 additional minutes. that the President might assume those cleared of these other issues which are Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Chairman, powers and might, as Commander in little by comparison-they are not little, will the gentleman yield? Chief, send out a convoy. But I do not they were very important-but the pro­ Mr. FISH. I yield. think that he has any legal right to do ponents of the lend-lease bill, and the Mr. MARCANTONIO. I believe that so, because he knows and we know that arms-embargo repeal, said those meas­ if there is any hesitancy on the part of is an act of war. Even the Secretary ures were peace measures, they were the President it is not because of the of the Navy, perhaps the archinterven­ means to keep us out of war. That is President's willingness to hesitate but it tionist in America, said before the For­ what the proponents of those proposals is due to the great resistance on the part eign Affairs Committee that convoying said. Now the decks have been cleared. · of the masses of the American people to was an act of war. Certainly the Presi­ We ought to have a crystal-clear issue on going into this war, and if we are plunged dent has no constitutional power to de­ whether we are going to enter the war further into this war it will be done clare war, and if he uses convoys that is or to stay out. I do not impugn the mo­ against the will of the American people. an act of war. It is one and inseparable. tives, the patriotism, or the Americanism This war is an unpopular war. The We must get that into the ml.nds of the of the 15 percent that want to get us American people want no part of it, and American people very clearly; that for into this war. They have as much right the President knows it. the President to assume the power -to or­ to get up here and express their views Mr. FISH. I agree with the gentle­ der convoys he is in effect usurping the on the :floor of the House as have the 85 man. I am sorry I did not finish ·my power of Congress to declare war. percent who want to stay out of war; thought on that line. The gentleman is I have here a letter addressed to my but the 15 percent should give their views. exactly right. The issue ought to be debated. I believe the President of the United colleague the gentleman from New York States is watching public opinion and [Mr. PHEIFFERl, a copy of which was sent I feel so strongly on this question be­ public sentiment every single day and to me, in which the writer states: "I favor cause I believe it means the end of free every minute of the day, He is watch­ convoys, but I am against war." That is America if we are involved in this war. ing the result of these protest meetings impossible. If you are for convoys, you I am almost ashamed of the 85 percent against war: No convoys! No war! -He are for war. They are one and insepa­ of the Members of this House-there must is in touch with the situation and knows rable, and this must be made clear to the be something like that-who are against that 85 percent of the people want to stay American people. There is no way to convoys, because they do not day after out of war and are against convoys. - In avoid war if we use convoys. day rise on the :floor of the House and addition to that I believe the President We are not a neutral nation. We do express their views and make it clear of the United States elected on a third­ not claim to be neutral any longer. We that convoying means war and war term ticket, the first third-term Presi­ have not been neutral for a year and a means ruin and disaster for America. dent we have ever had, elected by the half. We are in a nonbelligerent status­ Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Chairman, American people, not only feels his re­ friendly to the British and unfriendly to will the gentleman yield? sponsibility to public ·sentiment but he is the Germans. At any time ·during the Mr. FISH. I yield. thinking of the future of his own posi­ last year and a half Dictator Hitler could Mr. MARCANTONIO. It seems to me tion historically in America. If he should legally have declared war on us for un­ the difficulty lies not so much in trying take this country into war in defiance neutral acts that we have taken against to obtain a discussion of the convoy issue, and in repudiation of his promises and him, and that is truer since we passed the the difficulty lies in the fact that the pledges, he would go down in history as lease-lend bill. But that is the last thing issue has been confused by the dishonest the greatest repudiator in our history, he is thinking about. The last thing use of the term "patrol" which in reality as having betrayed the American people Hitler or Mussolini would want to do is constitutes convoying, but Congress has and as having forced them into a war to declare war on us. If we use convoys, not been told just what patrol means. against their will by some deliberate however, our ships will be sunk, and after Mr. FISH. I will say to the gentleman, overt act. It would destroy the Presi­ half a dozen American ships have been and it may seem strange for me to say dent historically, his popularity, and his sunk we will declare war on those re­ this because l am critical very often of position in history. sponsible. the President, perhaps rather consist­ At the present time the President, in my [Here the gavel fell.l ently, that while I feel that the President opinion, has not surrendered to these in­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ of the United States has done more than terventionists. He has not yet repudiated self 5 additional minutes. any single man to lead us up to the brink his word, and I want to believe him be­ Mr. Chairman, I feel so strongly on this of war, that he is more responsible for cause he is still my President, and I be- · question that I think it should be debated creating this hysteria for the last 2 years, lieve that he does not intend to repudiate fully on the :floor of the House. The ones talking about airplane attacks out in his word. At the same time I would like I blame are those of us-and it represents Denver, Omaha, and so on, than any one the Congress to debate this question of all but half a dozen of the Republicans man in America, I nevertheless believe the war or peace, and particularly the ques- 1941 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3467 tion of convoys or no convoys. I would In the second place, it is a flood-con­ and the electric power users of the State like to see a joint resolution passed by trol project to help. eliminate the dis­ are put at the mercy of the Pacific Gas both Houses of Congress that there shall astrous floods in the Sacramento Valley. & Electric Co. This company came in be no convoying without the consent of Most important ot all, it is an irriga­ and opposed the construction of this the Congress. tion project, aiming to transfer some of steam plant at the very same time it was Mr. MARCANTONIO. If the gentle­ the surplus water from the Sacramento itself asking for permission to construct man will yield further, I would like to Valley in the northern part of the State two new dams on the Feather River for take issue with him in regard to the con­ to the southern part of the State to be the generation of power. duct of this whole war program. Time used in the San Joaquin Valley, thus With this steam plant, I was informed and events have. demonstrated since May permitting all the waters in the upper by the Bureau of Reclamation only a 16, 1940, that every step sold to the San Joaquin to be used in the upper little while ago, according to the Bu­ American people as an overt step for San Joaquin Basin. reau's preliminary estimate, an addi­ peace has been in reality a covert step In California, water is life; therefore tional $80,000,000 of revenue from power this project is life for us in the future. will be available in the 40-year repay­ for war, and, as for the President of t~e It happens that in connection with this United States himself, I charge that thiS ment period; in other words, if this steam project it is .altogether feasible, and cer­ plant is not constructed, if you do not whole war program has been put over on tainly desirable, that power shall be gen­ the American people by fraud and decep­ put in that steam plant to firm up this erated in .connection with dams to be power, it means that the water users of tion from its very inception, and it is built. This· Shasta Dam and other simi­ the State of California-the farmers that being continued by fraud and deception. lar structures of smaller nature are going use that water and have to use it-are The American people are beginning to to generate somewhere in the neighbor­ going to have to pay $80,000,000 more recognize the fraud and deception, now hood of 2,190,000,000 kilowatt-hours of for water than they would have to pay that the curtain i!: lifting. electricity. The purpose of this power if you had a balanced power development [Here the gavel fell.J generation is clearly threefold. In the in connection with this project. Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the first place, the purpose is to have avail­ For these reasons I regret very sincerely gentleman 1 additional minute. able a sufilcient amount of power to take what the committee has done about this Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I thor­ care of national-defense needs. matter, and I hope this item will be re­ oughly agree with the gentleman. I be­ The Federal Power Commission has stored before this bill becomes law. [Ap­ lieve that there is a gigantic conspiracy estimated that within a short time, per­ plause.] in America right now, and it is now at its haps 3 or 4 years, the northern part of [Here the gavel fell.] height to get us into the war. This the Stf..te of California will be short Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 comes 'not only from Americans but from 907,000 kilowatts of generating capacity. minutes to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. abroad. I am of British origin. My sym­ At the present time the northern part BENDER]. pathies are with the British, but I know of the State is borrowing from southern Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, first that in the last war the British spent California essential power to operate the and foremost, there is national defense. $200,000,000 to get us into the first World defense plants; and southern California Every American is interested in the de­ War. They admitted that by parlia­ is going to need that power itself, and fense of this country. We are deter­ mentary report, and I would not blame more, too, in a very short time. In other mined that it shall be the best defense them at all for spending $200,000,000 to words, there is an absolute necessity for that any country has ever seen. If need get us into the present war. They would an increase of power to be generated in be, we are ready to divert all our normal be unwise and very foolish if they did not our section. energies to the building of a gigantic de­ do that, from the British point of view, The second purpose of the generation fense machine. I am for that. Not be­ but we would be a lot of suckers if we of power is to reduce the cost of elec­ cause I like militarism, not because I be­ followed them again into a war that will tricity to the consumers of the State of lieve in a vast armament program as a destroy America. California. means of checking the terrible depression That is why I agree with the gentle­ The third purpose is to help pay for in which we found ourselves, but because man. There is a campaign going on now the project. This is a project being con­ world events seem to require it. to involve us in this war, and unless you structed by the Bureau of Reclamation, But I am definitely opposed to the use and I and the rest of us stand on our feet which means that the entire cost of the of our national-defense program as a and present the facts to the American project must be repaid to the Federal catch-all for every kind of expenditure . people, . the American men and women, Treasury out of revenues from it. Those known to man. In the last few weeks the plain people of America who want to revenues come from two sources. First, our national parks, our fish and wildlife, stay out of war, this conspiracy may suc­ payments by the water users for the our grazing surfaces have been classified ceed. It has not succeeded yet. We are water they get to irrigate their farms; as defense agencies. St. Elizabeths Hos­ and, second, from the power revenues. pital, for over a generation a hospital not in this war. No blood has been That is to say, the less the power reve­ spilled, no ship has been sunk, and no for the mentally sick, has been officially nues are the more water users will have made a defense agency within the last American has been killed. We are not in to pay, which will result in a higher cost this war, and we are not going into the week. If someone wants to get a little war. [Applause.] to the farmers for the water they use. pork-barrel legislation, the approved It happens that the committee has cut Washington etiquette tells him to label [Here the gavel fell.] out $4,000,000 which was asked by the it "national defense." I say that this is Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 Budget for the construction of a stand-by a fraud upon the American public. minutes to the gentleman from Cali­ steam plant which, if constructed, would Let me make myself clear on this point. fornia [Mr. VOORHIS]. firm up the power from the Shasta Dam I do not for a moment suggest that the Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. so that 89 percent of the 2,190,000,000 kilo­ entire national-defense program is sub­ Chairman, I want to discuss the question watt-hours which will be generated would ject to this criticism, but in the last of the California Central Valley water be firm power. Only firm power, obvi­ month the gentleman from Michigan, project, which has been the basis for a ously, can be contracted for by munici­ Representative ENGEL, has issued two re­ new hope to the people of our State ever palities and consumers of that sort. If ports on the construction of American since it was first conceived. It is a mani­ it is secondary power, and to the extent training camps, revealing excessive ex­ fold project which includes a number of it is secondary power, there is only one penditures of more than $10,000,000. different benefits that will accrue. place you can sell it, and that is to the The gentleman from Michigan, Repre­ In the :first place, by means of con­ Pacific Gas & Electric Co., which has a sentative ENGEL, made personal inspec­ trolling the flow of the Sacramento River complete monopoly of the electric-utili­ tions of these camps and discovered that so as to maintain that :flow in times when ties business in the northern part of the in instance after instance your money there would otherwise be low water, it State of California. It becomes obvious was being squandered. In one case there will prevent the destruction of some of therefore why the P. G. & E. should op­ was not even a plan listing the total our most fertile lands in the Delta area pose the steam ·plant. In other words, number of buildings to be erected at the around San Francisco by the encroach­ without the construction of the stand-by camp, while construction was actually ment of salt water. steam plant, to a great extent this project under way. In another a railroad line LXXXVII-219 3468 CONGR.ESSIONAL RE_CORD-HOUSE APRIL 3Q was pushed through 15 miles of rock. an active part. Soon, however, it became The Federal Government and the In a third, a camp was built upon a sharp apparent that there was a level below St&.te of New York have consi~tently, grade, which required the .expenditure of which it was impossible to lower the however, attempted to keep this great thousands of dollars unnecessarily. freight rate·s of railroad transportation. natural source of power for the people, Altogether the present· Congress, in not OTHER WATER ROUTES DEVELOPED following the policy expressed by Charles more than 100 days, has voted appropria­ Evans Hughes in 1907, wheri he was Gov~ tions totaling $16,091,543,000. No na­ Water transportation then came in for ernor of New York, when he said: · · tional legislature in the history of man­ its share of attention. The Mississippi River was dredged and made more navi:. The water power sh'luld· not be surrendered kind has ev~r spent so much money in to private interests, but should be preserved so little time. But what is even more gable. In 1914 the Panama Canal was and held for the benefit of the people. amazing is the fact that very few people opened to commerce. Both. of these de­ in Washington seem to be concerned velopments, while they were paid for out In the period of the.twenties the move­ about how this money is to be raised. of the common furids of the Nation, ment for the waterway was kept alive, So far the largest sum mentioned in the placed the Middle · West at a disadvan­ and finally in 1932 the Governments of way of revenue for the coming year tage. New York was made closer to San Canada and the United States signed ~ amounts to about two-thirds of the total Francisco from the standpoint of freight . treaty. ' This treaty, while it received estimated expenditure. cost, while the rise in railroad freight more than a majority of the votes in the Just what is the American people's re­ rates had just the opposite effect on Senate; failed to obtain the necessary ' action to · these appropriations and the 'goods moving from Chicago to California. two-thirds for. ratification. absolute indifference of the administra­ During this time the movement for a Once again this proposal 1:., going to be tion to meeting our obligations? Why water route utilizing the existing Great before the Congress, and once again the hasn't the Federal Government insisted Lakes system was taking form. First hopes of the people of the Lakes area upon a reduction of normal departmental agitation for the construction of a navi­ hang in the balance. Again Congress has expenditures? The President and his of­ gable waterway upon the St. Lawrence the opportunity·· to · authorize a great ficial spokesmen have asked the people River originated in Canada,' and we find project that will enhance the economic of the United States to prepare for sac­ pamphlets and essays on its advisability well-being of t~e entire Na'tion. .rifices, but the fact is that our Govern­ appearing as early as 1832. When the NEED FOR WATERWAY INCREASING ment has refused to make the slightest area of the Great Lakes :Basin had been . sacrifice of its own. The Federal Gov­ transformed from a sparsely settled area The reasons for adopting this plan ernment is still spending tremendous to a fast developing industrial and com­ are f'Ven mort impelling today than they sums on routine omce functions without mercial area, the people there joined were in 1934, when more than a majority so much as demanding a penny off for their demand for a waterway with that of the Senators of the United States voted ·national sacrifice. [Applause.] of the Canadians. As· a result of the for the project. Today the extra electric Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, I yield joint interest and demand for such a power is needed for our defense. effort. such time as he may desire to use to the waterway, an organization was formed, The secluded haven of the Great Lakes gentleman from Michigan [Mr. O'BRIEN]. called the International Deep Waterways is needed for building ships to replace the THE GREAT LAKE;S-ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY Association, which held its first meeting ships that are dj3.ily being sent to the in 1895. Following this meeting sumcient bottom of the ocean in the present war. Mr. O'BRIEN of Michigan. Mr. Chair- interest was created s6 that the President While other countrtes are spending bil­ . man, the Members of this Congress will of the United States and the Government lions of dollars to obtain a few miles of soon be called upon to decide whether of the Dominion of Canada appointed seacoast, 3,000 miles of seacoast cari be or not the Great Lakes-St. La\vrence sea­ deep-waterways commissions. In 1897 made a vaila)Jle to the people of the way will become a reality. From the the United States Deep Waterways Com­ United _States by completing this project. time that the earliest explorers traveled mission reported that there were two A survey of the people and interests that · through the chain of lakes and rivers possible routes for such a waterway, the are opposing the building of this' water­ ·that empty the waters of the.Great Lakes St. Lawrence and the Oswego-Oneida­ WaY, together with their arguments. dis­ into the sea-lakes and rivers that made _Mohawk Canals, either of which were closes that the only influences that are a natural highway straight into the heart feasible. alined in opposition are selfish interests of our great contin.ent-men have looked In 1902 the Governments of the United that do net have the ·whole interest of toward the time when the land· obstacles 1 ·states and Canada appointed a joint · our country at heart. and rapids would be cleared away and commission on the waterway, which I have previously ·answered the attacks ·permit the commerce of the West to go functioned in various forms until 1914, at of these interests but choose ·now to an­ · uninterrupted to the sea. which ·time there was a cessation of ac­ swer an · argument that has been ad­ Real pressure for tne waterway did nqt tivity in this regard because of the war. .vanced since my ·last address on · this · become felt until the Middle West became After the Wl3.r all of the factors that had subject on April 3. -Recently there have well settled: By 1890 .Chicago had attain­ . been favorable to the proJect had ·been ·been arguments advanced attacking the ed a population of over a million people. increased. · provisions of the agreement that provides Grain and cattle were raised in abun­ . NEED FOR CHEAP POWER IN QUANTITY ·for the Gr-eat Lakes-St. Lawrence seaway darnce and the manufacturing ·centers of on the basis that it would jeopardize the Detroit, Toledo, and Cleveland roared . Coincident with the ·industrialization navigability of the Mississippi River. into action until by the turn of the cen­ of the Middle West was the great need May I say for the record that I do .not tury the "age of s~el'' was in the as- · . for cheap industrial power. The Great ·in any .Wj3.Y intend that the development cendancy. By 1900 the meat-packing Lakes seaway aroused the interest' of the . or maintenance of any present or ·future industry was expanding in Chicago. In· . manufacturers on that score, since it is waterway should be impaired by this proj­ 1903 Henry ·Ford started to manufacture the greatest single source of electricity ect. !-favor developing to the full.est the · automobiles. Shipping on the Great in North America. Many leases were ·natural avenues of .commerce that eXist Lakes was fast becoming a major indus- granted by New York State to private in this country, believing that it .is only . try. Concurrently with all of these, the :persons and corporations that were in­ through an expansion of our trade both railroad-car shops of Cleveland were ex­ terested in developing the power of the here-and with other lands that we can panded greatly in order to supply the . St. Lawrence River . .Notable among eventually realize the greatest benefits of rolling stock to transport the products of these was -the Long Sault Co., which .is a . · civilization, and .raise to the highest levels this increased industrialization. subsidiary of the Aluminum Corporation our standard of living. Parallel to this industrial and agricul­ of America. So valuable · do private in­ WILL NOT JEOPARDIZE THE ·MISSISSIPPI RIVER tural expansion of the Middle West came terests consjrler the power rights alone 1 · the demand for cheaper transportation. that one corporation, the Hugh. L. Cooper It is the contention of those fearing for For a · time this demand for cheaper . & Co., offered to invest $1,300,000,000 in the Mississippi River system that tne transportation took its expression in an developing the power sites and to make . clause in the agreement that provides for attempt to lower and ·equalize railroad · the Government a gif.t of the cost of arbitration in cases of diversion wilf make . freight rates. In this struggle of the navigation that was joint with power ' ·it possible for Ca.nada to imperil the navi­ gability of the· Mississippi- River by re- Plains for cheaper rates. the Grange. took. - development. " ' 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 3469 fusing to permit dfversiori of suffiCient take more than a few months to com­ tucky State Bar Association on the regU;;. water to operate the system. · plete and is advanced not as· a valid argu.;. lation of administrative agencies. · The amount of water diversion neces­ ment but only to delay even further the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there sary to operate the Mississippi Rlver at ultimate realization of the waterway. objection to the request of the gentleman greatest efficiency and wlt.hout danger of We are now in a period of work for from Massachusetts? floods is Jrom 1,000 to 1,500 cubic feet per everyone- because of the great defense There was no objection. second. This amount was judicially de­ effort. The industrial genius of Detroit Mr. CHENOWETH. . Mr. Speaker, I termined by Chief Justice Charles Evans can continue this prosperity long after ask unanimous consent that the gentle .. Hughes. Prior to his - appointment as the defense program is over. There will man from Massachusetts [Mr. TINKHAM] Chief Justice, Charles Evans Hughes was be a need of ships to be built over and be permitted to extend his remarks in named as master in chancery to hear the above the capacity of existing facilities. two particulars, by the inclusion of two testimony and to report to the Supreme Creation of the new shipyards would not editorials, one from the New York Sun, Court relative to diversion of the waters in any sense detract from the existing and one from the New York Times. of the Great Lakes. He reported to the ones as ships to replace the millions of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Supreme Court of the United States that tons that are · now beneath the waves objection? · 1,000 to 1,500 cubic feet per -second was will require the combined use of all the There was no objection. the amount necessary to operate the sys­ yards and ways available. Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I tem to maintain the mivigability of the The completion of this project will fOJ; ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ MissisSippi River, and that any amount the years to come be a great boon di­ marks in the RECORD and include a letter over this would make floods likely in the rectly to the millions of people who live from Lewis Merrill,· president of the Mississippi River. · in the great central area of the conti­ Office and Professional Workers of Amer­ There is enough water being diverted nent, and indirectly to -those other mil­ ica. now to operate the Mississippi River· sys:­ lions of the United States who will have The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tem. The agreement for the Great Lakes this great waterway as a trade route objection? seaway does not open to arbitration pres­ tapping the richest farming and com­ There was no objection. ent diversions of water, but only amountS mercia! section of the country. It will Mr. MARCANTONIO. Also, Mr. greater than · permitted on January 1, culminate more than a century of hopes Speaker, I ask unanimous consent tc;> 1940. If there is any danger of such a and plans of the people of -this section, extend my remarks in the RECORD by the provision imperiling the use of this great and will not damage the interests of any inclusion of a letter from Lewis Allen and valuable water route--the Missis­ other segment of our population. It is .Berne, international president of the sippi-! say now is the time that we essential for defense, but even more for Federation of Architects, Engineers, should write into this agreement an the peacetime wen.:.being of our Nation. Chemists, and Technicians. amount to be diverted for this purpose, Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, I have no The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there or· a provision that will for all time guar­ further requests for time, and _I under­ objection? antee the availability of sufficient water stand there are no further requests for There was no objection. for that system, provided, of course, that time on the minority side, and I there­ Mr. ALLEN of Louisiana·. Mr. Speak­ it shall not detract from the already fore ask that the Clerk read the bill for er, I ask unanimous consent to extend recognized interest of the severai States amendment. - my remarks in the RECORD. bordering on the Great Lakes. The Clerk read down to and including The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there May I reiterate that since there is now line 6, on page 1. objection? enough water being diverted to supply Mr. -LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, I move There was no objection. the needs of the Mississippi to the Gulf that the Committee do now rise. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under waterway and the agreement does no,t The motion was agreed to. special order of the House, the gentleman open to arbitration any existing diver­ from Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN] is recog­ Accordingly the Committee rose; and nized for 15 minutes. sion I fail to see how· it could in any way the Speaker pro tempore [Mr. McCoR­ imperil the future use of the Mississippi THE STRIKE AT THE FORD MOTOR CO. for navigation. MACK] having assumed the chair, Mr. CooPER, Chairman of the Committee of Mr. HOFFMA.I.'l. Mr. Speaker, I ask WOULD CREATE NEW WEALTH the Whole House on the state of the ·unanimous consent that ·on Tuesday next, The completion of the seaway would Union, reported that that Committee, after the legislative business has been .create new wealth in the Middle West, having had under consideration the bill 'disposed of, I be permitted to speak for and in so doing would benefit the whole _H. R. 4590, the Interior_Department ap­ ·15 minutes. country. Dynamic Detroit would turn propriation bill, 1942, had come to no The SPEAKER pro tempore. ls there its energies to building ships, storing resolution thereon. objection? goods, processing raw materials, and the EXTENSION OF REMARKS There was no objection. hundred and one functions that take Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, the place in a seaport. -The dangerous move­ Mr. MONRONEY asked and was given matter to which I wish to call the atten­ ment of industry toward the center of permission to revise and extend his own tion of the House today is in connection economic control, Wall Street, would be remarks in the RECORD. · - with the Ford strike. I heard a state­ reversed. More -than any other section Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Speaker, ment made ou the ;floor of .the House of the country wealth created in Michi­ I ask unanimous consent to revise and sometime ago that the damage caused gan and the Central States permeates extend the remarks I made today and in the Ford p1ant on April 1 and subse­ the whole Nation. Do you recall the re­ -to-include a letter signed by Mr. John B. quent days up until the 4th was caused tur1r or prosperity in 1935 and 1936? It Haggerty, president of the International by loyal employees of the Ford Co. I was . Detroit that led the Nation. The Allied Printing Trades Association; also -quote from the testimopy of Mr. Edgar tush back to normal business brought the a letter of transmittal and minority and F. Wait, superintendent of the tire plant: whole country with it._ majority opinions in connection with the recent decision in the so-called Texas Edgar F. Walt, superintendent of the tire The same is true today with Detroit plant, gives testimony which shows that the leading the Nation as the arms producer: cases by the Federal Communications Commission. slow-down of April 1 and the destruction of men of all States are drawn there. In property ~as caused by a member of the our need for ships today what would we The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there C. I. 0. employed at Ford's. not give for additional boat-building fa- · objection to the request of the gentleman He was asked to describe what happened· on cilities. There are those who today say from Massachusetts? the afternoon of April 1, 1941 (105) ·and, that even if we start to build the water­ There was no objection. after testifying that early in the afternoon Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Speaker, there were a lot of small· incidents that prac­ way it will not be done in time to do any tically shut production down he said that good. I say to you that those same · I also ask unanimous consent for two about 4 o'clock in the afternoon there was a persons were saying the same thing when other extensions of my own remarks, definite slow-down through the entire tire Congress voted 3 years ago to· expand including in one a brief editorial from plant. · the NavY. Such an attitude would pre­ the Miami Herald, and in the other a He testified that normally a builder will clude ever doiilg anything that would resolution recently adopted by the Ken- make about 15 tires an hour. "On the beacl 3470 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRI~ 30 job, will make several hundred beads an hour, . Mr: ·HOFFMAN. Does the gentletnan Although the authorship of the term and we found there-was a definite slow-down; think they · are off· the· same piece of "gerrymander" and the :paternity of the and they told me that. they had been in­ · cloth? original-caricature are obscured in doubt structed they were to get 5 beads an hour, Mr. HEALEY. And I can answer it by and conflict, the time and circumstances roughly, instead of 180,01: 1 or 2 tires an hour. surrounding the coining of the word-one "Q. Who told you this? saying that there is no analogy between "A. Union men in the shop. the two. I do not yield further. which has long since found its way intq "The men I talked to had C. I. 0. but­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Oh, let me finish the the accepted usage of our language-are tons on" (106). sentence I started. tnatters of certainty. On redirect examination, he testified that Mr. HEALEY. I do not yield to the It arose in 1812 out of the bold the Ford employee who told him of the in­ gentleman any further. attempt of the Jeffersonian Republican structions for the slow-down was Roy J. Doyle. Mr. HOFFMAN. - Then a point of Party-also known as the Democratic This witness further testified: Party-to perpetuate itself in office by "One of the electricians had gone to the cal­ order, Mr. Speaker. I wonder if I tnay lender line that supplies material for the ·be permitted to ask unanimous consent to arbitrarily cutting up the ~ State of fabric building the tire where they are pro­ proceed for 3 minutes at the conclusion Massachusetts into senatorial districts cessed, and they had asked them to slow down of the gentleman's remarks. . which would insure the election of a Jef­ twice. • • • In the creel room, there are Mr. HEALEY. l yield for that pur­ fersonian Republican majority in the ·about 1,500 · cords come out on separate pose. Senate. .spools ~nd they are -brought together to make The SPEAKER ·pro tempore. The In 1811, the Massachusetts State elec­ .fabric 60 in.ches wide. Out of the 1,500 ,gentleman from Michigan asks unani• tion resulted in a complete victory for cords, somebody cut, I will estimate, six oi' mous consent that immediately following the Jeffersonian Republican Party over seven hundred of them"_( 107) . · That ·happened about 4:30 or 4:35 and "Elbridge Gerry being situation was that we simply couldn't .sachusetts EMr. HEALEY] he be permitted elected to the governorship and a ma­ operate.;, · . - · · to address the House for 3 Ininutes. Is jority being elected to both house and Upon examination by the court, the witness there objection? · senate. Han: ·Joseph Story, of Salem, said (108), referring to the· instructions ·for : There was-no o~jection. ~ .was chosen as speaker of- the house but the slow-down: later resigned· his office to accept ap- · "The CouRT. Did they state who had given · "GERR-YMANGLING~ ' ·MASSACHUSETTS _pointment. as Justice . of the United them the instructions? · · Mr. ·HEALEY. Mr. Speaker, with the States Supreme Court and wa& succeedec;l "Answer. They said ·they had instructions from the union." ~ ·.- -' · · : : :forpe~z:ance of the ~ membersh~p of thi~ ; _by Eleazer. _W. Ripley. Han; s~~uel 1 r There had beeri (109) ·,.a gradual slow:. ! .House, I wish to .turn bl\Ck in the annals .Dana, of Middlesex ·.County, was chosen down 'in the plant -for a period ·of 2 weekS. .of political bossism in America to the . ·as president of the senate; · We took a number· of nieri back. ·Tiley said · year .1812; the place, -Massachusetts. . It · : ·In January·1812 the Senate and-House ~ they ha:d peen put_' out· for union activities. · will be. recalled that during. that .remote · passed a · measure appointing -a commit- That is what the union claimed and the week · -year an· ill.;.famed mythological monster, : tee- · · they were in, our production dropped 15 to 16 1 :the_ g~rq·m~nder, first · reared i~ un;. ' ·- To consider 'the subject of. a new law . to _percent . . Before this, thez:e ,llad:been a deft- · gl~mor,ous _l].ead pn · the Anie.rican :s~ene. :·alter . the districts :riow _ established for · th~ .nite slow..,down, even though we put· union . . meri back to . work:" . . - - . . : ) · ·.I . am· prompt.ed _to t~ke _ this ,. act~on by . ,choice of coun~!lllors ~.nd se11at9rs and to ·the- realization- that,· with congressional : ·determine- what alter-ations may be neces- The SPEAKER pro tempore. · Under reapportionment at hand; there are sary therei~. special order of the House, the gentleman · ·others, -particularly in. Massachusetts, Without delay, and presumably with a from Massach1,1setts [Mr.-HEALEY] is rec­ who are delvi;ng into tho.se annals and calculating eye -ori' the ·.. r.otten boroughs" ·ognized for 20 minute~. -have turned wooing eyes toward· that · of England,. the committee went to work GERRYMANDERING - creature of· fearful nlieri and malodorous · :on· what was, to earn tindying fame as repute. I ani particularly Inspired to~ do : -the · ·:•gerrymander.'~ ·.The bill ·was :passed Mr: HEALEY. · .:Mr. - s'pe~ker, .I ~sk the : : so - b~ the fear that, tn:-my .state; w-ith .; ·by sli.m~ majoritiesdn· both ·· houses of the .. indulgence of the House at this time in ; -the traditional impetuosity of hastY. love, : ileg1slature and .Governor Gerry· signed it, . view of the fact that a: proposa:r has been ' . Republi.can :suitors for -the favors or' this • thereby a:cquirirlg un~nviable distinction :made .bY a legi13lativ~ - com~nitte~ 9f -the , .fabulous creatui.e .may. be -entirely--too ' . and a namesake. . · · · . Massachusett$· :Legi'sl~ture to· _gerryma-D;- 1 rengiassed 'in ~ its fabled -aO:wty~ to.- note, . . _ For authorsh.ip Qf· the_ tenn and ere­ · der· the State ·of Massachusetts so· as to . with . UnjauridiGed:· eye, :its · physical .irit- : - ~tor .' of. th~. ~oi~ginal _caricature ' we can :insure the ·election ·of-only 2 Democrats perfections~ · ------· · . ' ·only resort to conflicting accounts. The '()tit' o{ a totai delegation of1~ - ~pres~nt_- i · .: For -· the · Chronicles· Of -this legendary • Cfollo\ving -account was printed ln -the ~. Q.tiv_es in .Congr_e$$. :. _~l;le g~rry~~~~e_r, a ·-.monstrosity 'raise- some- -suspicion .that • ·New England HistoriCal-and Genealogical . nefarious practice of' political legerde- : ·somewhere in the remote geneaiogy of ·Register in _187'3: ·-- · - -· · - · Jnain, has been used more fhigrantly in ' the gerrymander appeared the genus : ' The true history. of the "gerrymander·~ - ts -this particular case than ever before in mephitis-commonly known as· the ·· as follows • • •: "The map of the. county :the history of .the Use Of that perniciOUS . ·striped_ polecat. Some slight credibility : qf Essex, · designating _. the boundary qf the . rolitical system, .designed to aefelitt the is giv'en-to the i.rilpeach~ent ·by the fact -senatorial -districts,. was drawn by Nathan · will of the people in their free choice Of that in the excitement of attacking its . . Hale, who .with Henry Sedgwick were editors -repres"Emtativ.es· in government: ·The -'opponents · with hideous noises an~ · of the. Weekly · M~~senger. -It w.as .printed in -history of. gerrY;m~nd~r-ing is_ _very .inter- : frightful g:ritnaces, the -beast S(} far -fopget .that paper March ·6, 1812. The extraordinary .-esting, and-I ask the Members to listen · itself as :·· to unleash upon its creators .. division of .the. county, and ' adding -Che-lsea . to it for a .few-minutes . . I think .the gen- · . such an hol'rendous ·stench-as-to cause , .. from the county of Suffolk, in order to secure : tlemen -will be quite interested in how this : . them ·politicany·-to ·wither and-die forth- : --~ - DemoGratic_ majority · in the ~ senate, ~was · such· a piece . of political management ·Rs to : practice first-originated; and, by the way, · ·with. . ·_ - - . - · . . . _.. . ' proouce a gerieral outcry. The mf!p was .it. originated in .Massachusetts back in : -- There ·are now certain Republicans ih ! • copied into some of the other newspapers, and 1811. ~ Massaehusetts who ha:ve bailed the crea- at a dinner party at the house of .Mr. Thorn­ · Mr. HOFFMAN.· Mr. Speaker, will the . ture-' oitt of cold- storage and are·' interit . ' dike, an . em-inent merchant of that day in gentleman yield? · on streatnlining and glamor-izing 'it for · . Boston, It- was exhibited by Mr. Cogswell, Mr. HEALEY. Yes. a return engagement on the · Ainerican , :afterward librarian of ~he Astor Library. The : seen· e. ·~ Born ·gerr· yma· nder· in - . ,-it. is . :· form 9f the district was a subject .of remark, Mr. HOFFMAN. In view of what the 1812 and it was said that it resembled some , gentleman said, I wonder if the practice to tnake its second debut as "glamour- - horrible animal and only wanted wings to . is .as unfair as he suggests and if the mander" in 1941. Under these circum- · make a frightful political dragon. ·Mr. Tisdale -Massachusetts Legisl!iture followed the stances, were . I to remain silent in. my ' -took his pencil and sketched the ·wings, and · Labor Board i-n ·setting up election dis­ ·knowledge ..of its past iniquities, I .should - there·- was -a discussion about the' name, some tricts, for example, in which they -in­ -be guilty of contributing to the .masquer- · . suggesting that of salamander. Mr. -Alsop cluded the labor union at Crystal City, , ade. .For that- reason I presume . upon proposed that of "gerrymander," which was ' Mo. the patience of .this House to outline · adopted. -Mr; · HEALE¥.-. Oh;· I· can anticipate . briefly-what is known of the cas~ hjstory ~ At-variance· witb this is the· -following : what the gentleman is go.ing to say: - of this rapacious sesqulcentenarian. · report ·of James S. Loring in his Hundred 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3471 Boston Orators, published in 185-2. After consequences of that wicked and injudicious The key piece in this political jigsaw citing the fact that Judge Story was re­ attempt, he yesterday made another most puzzle, the vortex around which the whole desperate effort to swallow three of his near­ puted to have originated the plan, it est relations, and immediately expired in· the plan gyrates, the prize "gerrymangle" of states: most agonizing struggles-a loud warning them all, is to be a district fated to serve It is highly probable, however, that the to all his relations in this and the neighbor· as the private domain of the dynasty of Honorable Samuel Dana, who was president ing States. Senator Angier L. Goodwin. Centered ~ of the senate in that session, was the origi· what are believed to be the special pre-. nator of this measure, which was caricatured As epilogue it should be told that, al­ serves of Senator Goodwin, the proposed Jn the Boston Gazette of March 1812 by an though Elbridge Gerry was later elected district stretches north and south, with engraving, executed by E. Tisdale, a miniature to the Vice Presidency of the United a slice of dismembered Somerville dan­ painter, representing the new order of dis­ States, he failed to receive the electoral gling on one end and a piece of parti­ tricting in the form of an unsightly skeleton, vote of his own State, despite his other­ tioned Lawrence on the other. It is the and was first exhibited in the Centinel office. wise truly great and illustrious career in . Washington Allston, call1ng there with James fond, although I believe misguided, hope Ogilvie, a lecturer on oratory, and noticing the service of the State and Nation. of the progenitors of the plan to entrench .the figure, remarked to Russell, the editor, And now, Mr. Speaker, may I depart themselves in this district as their citadel "What an odd-looking creature 1s this. It from the historical and allegorical to dis­ of boss rule. The original gerrymander looks like a salamander." On which OgUvie, cuss the tentative plan for congressional contemplated the advantage of a politi­ quick as ltght, replies, "Why, let it be named redistricting which has been proposed by cal party. This "gerrymangle" envisions 'gerrymander' for the Governor." We relate the Republican majority of the Massa­ only the personal aggrandizement of an this on the authority of Dr. Joseph Palmer, chusetts legislative committee on con­ individual. - who had the statement from Benjamin gressional redistricting? Russell. Grand strategy of the projected coup Bluntly and without refinements, the d'etat is to expatriate incumbent Demo­ Still another account is given by Joseph plan is to so carve UP. the Commonwealth cratic Congressmen from their districts, T. Buckingham, in his Specimens of of Massachusetts as to change the present despoil them of their constituencies, fig­ Newspaper Literature in 1850: ratio of the MaSsachusetts congressional uratively snatch their seats from under representation from the present 9· Re­ In 1811, when Mr. Gerry was Governor of them. In pursuance of this design, a dis­ the Commonwealth, the legislature. made a publicans and 6 Democrats to 12 Repub­ trict has been jigsawed around to confine .new division of the districts for the election licans and 2 Democrats, 1 Congress­ within its borders no less than three in­ of Representatives to Congress (?). Both man being lost to Massachusetts as a re­ cumbent Democratic Congressmen-a. branches then had a Democratic majority. sult of the reapportionment law. bald and unblushing act of political quar­ For the purpose of securing a Democratic Mr. Speaker, I call attention to the fact antine. Nowhere is the intent to frustrate Representative an absurd and singular ar­ that this bold attempt to virtually legis­ the will of the majority more transparent rangement of towns in the county of Essex late out of ·existence the Democratic was made to compose a district. Russell took than in this phase of the plan. It 1s ob­ a map of the county. and designated by a Party in Massachusetts is being made in vious that those who. aspire to profit from particular coloring the towns thus. selected. the face of the ·following facts: this maiming and mangling of the Com­ He then hung the map on the wall of his Since 1928 the State of Massachusetts monwealth have no faith in their ability editorial closet. One day Gilbert Stuart, the has voted decisive majorities to the Dem­ to do so in an open and democratic man­ celebrated painter, ·looked at the map and ocratic candidate for President in each of ner on the issues. before the people in said the towns, which Russell had thus dis­ four national elections without interrup­ fair, compact, and natural districts. tinguished, formed a picture resembling s'ome tion. During the same period the people monstrous animal. He took a pencil, and Rather do they attempt to do so by chi­ with a few touches added what might be of Massachusetts have accorded majori­ canery and stratagem by attempting to supposed to represent claws. "There," said ties to the Democratic candidates for build walls ot exclusion to shut out effec­ _stuart, "that will ~o for a salamander." Rus­ Governor · at 5 State elections and to tive opposition. sell, who was busy with his pen, looked up the Republican candidates at only two, Mr. Speaker, I know it is needless for at the hideous figure and exclaimed, "Sala­ one of which was by the narrow margin me to dwell at length on districts whose mander! Call it Gerrymander." The word of less tl)an 5,000 votes. compactness and contiguity are strained became a proverb, and for many years was Against this factual background; the in popular usage among the Federaiists as a almost to the point of fiction or upon the term of reproach to the legislature which proposed Republican plan stands out as great inequalities in population between bad distinguished itself by this act of po­ one of the most cold-blooded attempts at proposed districts. Those are well-known litical turpitude. An engraving of the ger­ extirpation of political opposition ever devices of political bossism. rymander was made and hawked about the a.ttempted on the American scene. But in sum and substance the propGsed State. In· having CGmpared that ill-famed plan for redistricting in Massachusetts The gerrymander did not immediately creature of Governor Gerry's administra­ adds up to the most high-handed attempt disappoint the expectations of its fond tion to the mon[;trous proposals advanced to entrench boss rule and destroy 'the parents. In 1812 the election of Senators today in Massachusetts, I am gUilty of a two-party system ever projected in any under the gerrymander law resulted . in calumny for. which I tender my humble State of this Union. 29 Jeffersonian Republicans and only· 11 apologies-to the gerrymander. Beside Before closing, Mr. Speaker, I wish to Federalist Senators being elected, despite the cynical butchery of the map of Mas­ make it clear that I do not charge the · the fact that the total number of votes sachusetts -. thai is today contemplated, Republican State administration with re­ ·cast for Federalist candidates outnum­ the manipulations of that long-past ad­ sponsibility for this proposed outrage to bered those cast for Jeffersonian Repub­ ministration shrink to the stature of traditional American principles of fair­ lican candidates, 51,766 Federalist votes childish pranks. ness and American democratic institu­ being cast to 50,164 for :the Jeffersonian To call this · device gerrymandering tions. The paternity of the "gerry­ Republicans. would be to ennoble it by the comparison. mangle" is unknown. All we know is However, and hereby hangs the moral, It is not gerrymandering, it is "gerry­ that it was submitted by the Republican in the State election of April 5, 1813, the mangling." It does not end with tortured majority on the redistricting committee Federal Party triumphed completely over and unnatural grouping of communities, as a tentative plan. We do not know their opponents, Governor Gerry being but proceeds to carve and mangle large where it came from but we do hope that defeated for reelection, and even the cities in order that the pieces may be it will go back there. gerrymander district casting a majority thrown into districts with which they I feel confident that the fair-minded­ of votes for the Federalist candidates. share no natural community of interests ness and Americanism of Governor In the Salem Gazette the following day and for the purpose of frustrating the Saltonstall would never permit bim to the following obituary appeared: will of the majority. Somerville, Lynn, approve such a proposal. I am equally and Lawrence, all cities of well over confident that the great bulk of fair­ We announce in our paper of today, we con­ 100,000 people and coincidentally Demo­ fess with no great regret, the death of that minded Republican legislators in the tar-famed and 111-begotten monster the gerry­ cratic in political complexion, are to be Massachusetts Legislature would refuse mander. This delicate monster has been dismembered and partitioned ruthlessly to sanction such a travesty on the demo­ pining ever since last November, when he ter­ in order to deprive them of an effective cratic system of government. I am sure, ribly strained himself In attempting to swal­ voice in the selection of their National too, that all must realize that the adop­ low one of his parents. But, regardless of the Representatives. tion and approval of such a scheme coUld 3472 ~ONGRESSION AL . RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 only, result in eventual disaster to those tives chosen by employees in other cities defense effort, designed to impede our who participated. The great mass of and ·other States. · armament program. You have only to Massachusetts citizens-Republicans, · Mr. HEALEY. Will the gentleman pick up any great daily newspaper to Democrats, and Independents - alike­ yield? see that a concerted campaign is · unde~ would effectuate their indignation by Mr. HOFFM_\N. Well, you so gra­ way to paint labor as the principal bar sweeping out of office any administration ciously yielded. to nie, I believe I will. to the completion of our national arma­ that tolerated such an assault on the Mr. HEALEY. I want to say to the ment plan. two-party system. gentleman in answer to his first state­ The picture is drawn to labor's disad­ Mr. Speaker, during the short span it ment that I had not done any weeping vantage. The impression is deliberately has been with us, the "gerrymangle" about the opportunity of employees to given that organized labor is out to take has displayed the same malodorous pro­ bargain collectively-- advantage of the defense program to ad­ pensities that distinguished its prede­ Mr. HOFFMAN. I mean these. .vance its own ends, at no matter what cessor. It is to be hoped that it may Mr. HEALEY. That I have consist­ cost to -the Nation or to our security. be induced peaceably to depart before ently voted .for measures and supported This picture is drawn a hundred-times it precipitates like catastrophic conse­ measures that would assure the employ­ daily, not only in the ·press and -in quences. [Applause.] ees of America the right' to b·argain col­ speeches, but also in the flood of bills [Here the gavel fell.l lectively, while to the best of my knowl­ aimed at organized labor that have EXTENSION OF REMARKS edge the gentleman . has fought such recently be.en introduced. · measures as vigorously as he possibly Every strike, even the s:rpallest, ~nc;J. Mr. PATMAN. · Mr. · Speaker, I ask could, apd :has ·takep ~very occasion he . even .those involving a few dozen or a unanimous consent to extend my ' re-· possibly' could on the .floor to defeat the few score of workers, is played up beyond marks in the ·Appendix of the· ·RECORD purpose he mentions; the right· of em­ any previous· ·standards of news ·or po- and to include certain excerpts. · ployees ·to bargain . c:ollectively. . litical value. Newspapers that previously : The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without Mr. HOFFMAN. The only trouble with did ,not bother to :report· news ·of -inter­ objection, it is so ordered. . . 'the gentleman's statement is that _he is est to the labor movement and to the . There wa.S no objection. not- accur~te as to my position, an4 the workers are putting · stri~e . ~tori~s on tne : Mr. LEWIS. Mr. Speaker,- I ask unan­ · Supreme Court· does not agree with· bini first page, dealing with them> at great imous-consent to extend· my· remarks in· as to the effect of the National Labor-Re­ length .in editorials. Certain· groups in the. Appe!}dix of · the RECORD _and to In~ lations ·Act. In the longshoremen's case- Congress who previously· were riot inter~ elude therein a statement . by -· Mr. J . . M.· 308 United ·States 401-which is cited in ested in the affairs of the· labor move-­ Dille, : secretary-manager .. of Northern· this decision, decided on · April 28, the inent-unle.Ss it was to 'vote against leg- C.olorado Conservancy District. , Supreme Court held that the A. F .- of L~ ' islation. designed to reinforce -labor's right The ·· sPEAKER pro tempore. Without :inenibers on the west coast could not bar­ to organize and bargain collectfvely-a-re objection, it is so ordered. gain through representatives of their owri suddenly blossoming· out as experts on · There was no objection. choosing; and the result of this decision-. labor matters; with b11ls .in their pockets PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. against Na­ designed to take care of all. our _prob­ tional Labor Relations Board, United lems in labor relations. The problem of Mr. WOODRUFF 'of Michigan. Mr. States Supreme Court, April 28, -1941-is labOr relations is on everyone's lips and Speaker, I ask unanimous· consent that that the 1,600-- employees of the Pitts­ in everyone•s· mind. Everyone has his on Friday, following the regular buiiness burgh · Plate Glass Co. cannot bargain own pet solution, which he is willing and . of the House and any special orders that through . representatives of their own eager to offer to the Nation and to see may have been entered, I may be per­ choosing. ' enacted into Federal or· State law. Al­ mitted to address the House for 10 Mr. HEALEY. · Mr. Speaker, will the most all of these proposals, offered in minutes. gentleman··yield? · Congress and promoted in the daily press, The SPEAKER·pro tempore. Without Mr. HOFFMAN. Not_now. are aimed· at curbing strikes, aimed at objection, it is so ordered. The only trouble with the gentleman's reducing the amount of time lost through There was no objection. position is that while he voted for the industrial disputes. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under Wagner law, which, in effect,'denies the We can agree that strikes are undesir­ previous order of the l:Iouse the gentle­ right of collective bargaining, I have able. We can agree-and ·organized la­ man from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN] is sought. to amen·d the Wagner law; section bor is the first to ass·ent to this.....:.that recognized for 3 minutes. 9-a-b, I believe it is, so that the em­ labor relations can be peaceful, that there GERRYMANDERING ployees. of a particular unit of a plant in is no need for costly struggles between a given city could select their representa;. labor and management. No group is Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, · the tives for ·collective bargaining and not be more anxious than organized labor to gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. compelled to bargain as these employees avoid strikes. No group is more ari~i01.~s HEALEY], speaking . figuratively, shed are in Crystal City through representa­ to put labor relations on a peaceful, m·any tears over the situation of the peo­ tives selected by men in ·other cities. orderly basis than organized labor and ple in Massachusetts. He thought they It is just a difference of opinion about its responsible leaders. Strikes · are ·se­ were being deprived of some of their what the law is and what it means. As it rious matters to the workers involved. rights; but as far as I ki:lOW the gentle­ happens, the Supreme Court has· con­ They imply loss of wages, loss of work­ man from Massachusetts has not done strued the law as I ·have indicated ahd ing time, grave risks of injury, and even any weeping over the situation ·of some the · express provisions . of section 7 are death, to the men who are forced to employees who want to bargain collec­ destroyed by the Court's construction. take to the picket · line. Strikes are tively, but who cannot do so because of [Here the gavel fell.] not embarked upon lightly. They are the peculiar rulings of the N. L. R. B. I Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask always the last resort of working men refer to the case of the Pittsburgh Plate unanimous consent to address the House and women who have been convinced Glass Co. against National Labor Rela­ for 10 minutes. that no other way of settling their tions Board, decided April 28, from which The SPEAKER pro tempore: Is there grievances is available to them. No it appears on page 2 that six plants of objection to the request of the gentleman union undertakes to strike until all pos­ the plate-glass division, located in five from New York? sible avenues of settlement have been different States, Ford City, Pa., Creigh­ There was no objection. closed. Far from promoting strikes out ton, Pa., Mount Vernon, Ohio, Clarks­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, there of a desire to do mischief, responsible in­ burg, W. Va., Henryetta, Okla., and Crys­ is much hysteria throughout the Nation dustrial unions take every possible step tal City, Mo., were all joined by the Labor today on the subject of strikes in indus­ to avoid them. Union contracts signed Board in one election district. So that try. This hysteria is seen most clearly by representatives of the workers and of according to the Supreme Court decision, in the press, in inspired editorials, and management contain elaborate ma­ 1,600 employees down at Crystal City among certain groups of this Congress. chinery for settling disputes without re­ cannot bargain through representatives The picture is drawn that organized labor cour-se to strikes. Responsible unions­ of their own choosing, but are forced to is deliberately indulging in an orgy of including both unions in the A. F. of L. do their bargaining through representa- strikes directed against our national- and in the C. I. 0.-negotiate for weeks 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3473 and even months before they take to the report of the Social Security Board, only amended, despite vigorous efforts of cer­ picket line. A recent example is that of 8 people out of 100 have an income of tain elements in this country that have the International Longshoremen's and $2,200 a. year. Only 23 out of 100 have been waging a campaign against the Warehousemen's Union, which negoti­ as much as $1,400 a year. Less than 29 rights it puts into Federal law. Yet that ated over a period of 11 months for the of 100 have as much as $1,200 a year. act, passed by Congress and regarded by renewal of its contract, during which pe­ And one-third of all the people in the all workers as the Magna Carta of in­ riod no strike took place or was contem­ United States have less than $400 a year dustrial democracy, is consistently and plated. Another example is the steel to live on and to raise a family on. successfully :flouted by many of the workers' union, which opened negotia­ Now, let us look at the contrast between wealthiest and most profitable corpora­ tions with the major sections of the steel these earnings of workers and the profits tions in the Nation. Is it any wonder industry for the renewal of its contract of the big corporations. Again using offi­ that organized labor occasionally takes many weeks before the renewal was cial reports, we find that 6 corporations to the picket lines after it has exhausted . achieved. had net profits in 1940 of $776,000,000. every other means of settling its disputes Perhaps this basic truth of the labor These corporations employed 904,000 with managements, after it has seen its situation would be clearer if the news­ workers. They made, therefore, an aver­ just and reasonable demands for needed papers and certain forces in this coun­ age profit of $860 on each worker em­ wage increases ignored, after it has seen try had not taken so much pains to con­ ployed during 1940 over and above the the laws of the United States defied by fuse the issue involved. We hear a con­ wages the worker was paid. These profit the rich and powerful? stant barrage of criticism and vitupera­ figures, as I said, are net; they are re­ I will not burden you with statistics on tion directed agai11..st the labor movement ported after every possible deduction is the number of strikes or the amount of because strikes do take place, because subtracted from the gross profit. man-days lost in recent months. Gov­ workers do stop work in the interest of Let usJook for a moment, also, at how ernment witnesses have testified at achieving their demands for higher wag~s these profits have increased over 1939. length bef<;>re congressional committees, and better living and working standards. One aircraft concern reports an increase proving that there have been many fewer -We hear almost nothing about the real of 3,000 percent. Another reports a strikes in recent months than there were cause of strikes. Almost nothing is said­ 1,370-percent increase-the Vultee Cor­ in a similar war period in 1917 and 1918. or, if it is said, only on the back pages of poration-where you may recall a 2-week It has been shown that organized labor the papers-about the real reasons why strike in which the workers asked for an today is conducting its relations with workers go on strike. What are some of increase over their average earnings of management with a minimum of strikes these causes, some of the reasons why 50 cents an hour. A steel company re­ or stoppages. It has been shown repeat­ workers are impelled to undertake the ports increase of 148 percent. Another­ edly, and attested by high Government hard way of settling a dispute with their Tom Girdler's Republic Steel-reports a officials, that labor is making its. full ·employers? 98-percent )Joost in profits. A shipbuild­ contribution to the defense program. Strikes have two main origins-the re­ ing firm had an increase of 211 percent, This testimony and these figures are fusal of employers to grant needed wage a coal company one of 5,700 percent, and available to all who care to heed them. increases and the refusal of employers to· so on. These profit figures are for 1940. Yet today, in spite of these facts, in bargain collectively with the democrat­ They will be much higher in 1941, now spite of these basic truths that are avail­ ically elected representatives of their em­ that our defense program has got into able to all, we have an. atmosphere of ployees. its stride. And wages, except where or­ hysteria against organized labor, an at­ Let us look at the first of these two ganized labor is able to enforce its de­ mosphere that I regret to note has swept main causes before we proceed to the mands, have stood still. Where these de­ Congress to the point of seriously consid­ question of collective bargaining and the mands have been won by organized labor ering passage of bills that would destroy right of workers to withhold their labor wages have gone UP-but not by 3,000 labor's right to organize, would destroy power in an organized manner. For this percent, or even 100 percent, but by $1 labor's right to bargain collectively, would purpose let us look at some figures the a day or by 10 cents an hour, or by 10 destroy labor's right to strike. Chief United States Government has collected percent of total earnings. among these repressive proposals is the on wages and living costs and contrast These figures of wages and profits pro­ Vinson bill; H. R. 4139, reported out of them with figures the corporations have vide one basic reason why workers or­ the House Naval Affairs Committee after announced publicly revealing the profits ganize into unions and why, when their 2 days of hearings and recommended to .they have made. just and reasonable demands for wage this House for passage . According to a. recent Government increases are refused, they go on strike. This bill would impose a. so-called .study undertaken in California-! refer Another reason equally basic is the fre­ cooling-off period on labor before it could to figures announced by the Heller com­ quent refusal of profit-swollen corpora­ take strike action following a strike vote. . mittee-it takes an annual income of tions to bargain collectively with the rep­ During that period the dispute would be · $2,200 to keep an American family of 5, resentatives chosen by the· workers in submitted to compulsory arbitration. 3 children and 2 adults, on a decent liv­ democratic elections. It would forbid unions and employers ing standard. This income, broken down As we all know, the law of the United to sign a. union-shop contract except in to its .simplest budgetary items, provides States requires employers to bargain col­ shops where such a contract already ex­ the following standard of living: 34 lectively in good faith, requires them to ists-in other wordS, it would freeze cents a day for food for each mem­ recognize uniops when chosen by a ma­ wages and working conditions at present ber of the family, 11· cents per meal; 1 jority of their workers, requires them to levels, particularly in plants that were overcoat every 6 years for the head of refrain from intimidation and other in­ not organized prior to passage of the bill. the family; 1 suit every 2 years. For terference with collective bargaining. It would freeze the open shop, make union · the mother, 1 warm coat and 1 good dress And, as we also know, many corporations, shops in unorganized industries illegal. every 3 years; $34 a month for housing, including some of those most blessed with It would permit employers to discharge which obviously means substandard hous­ profitable defense orders and contracts, workers under suspicion of being sub­ ing, especially in these days of rapidly refuse :flatly to bargain collectively as the versive, with no proof of the charges re .. rising rents; for such essentials as medi­ law requires. We know that some of quired and no penalty against the em.. cal care, $1.50 a week; for recreation, these corporations have consistently de­ players if the charges or suspicions were culture, and the like, $5 a year; for fied the National Labor Relations Act later shown to be wrong. , church and charity, exactly 35 cents a ever since it was written, and have so far It would curtail and make impossible week; for luxuries, nothing; for savings, gone unpunished or even unrebuked. the most normal routine union activities nothing: for sudden emergencies such as The Wagner Labor Relations Act i.s in organizing workers by allowing anti .. every family faces, nothing. the law of the land. It was passed by labor enforcement agencies to describe In other words, $2,200 a year is hardly an overwhelming majority of Congress such activities as coercive, and thus an exalted standard of living. A family in response to the demand of the people illegal. of five would do well to get by on mini­ of this Nation for a law to protect the Let us examine this cooling-off pro­ mum standards with such an income. basic right to organize and to bargain posal in some detail. On the face of it, Yet how many people in the United States collectively for better living and working it is made to sound logical and reason .. enjoy such an income? According to ·a. conditions. That law has not been able, to sound like . a sane and &ensible 3474 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 -proposal to delay and prevent strikes. a normal, businesslike way to proceed. A final word on the misuse of the word Actually it is nothing of the kind. To Employers are organized. They belong "coercive" in describing union orzanizing begin with, the idea of cooling off is de­ to their own trade associations and they methods. The Vinson bill states, in signed to put the onus for all strikes on deal with each other on the basis of effect, that unions must not use "coercive the workers. It is designed to make signed contracts guaranteeing certain methods" in recruiting new members. strikes appear the work of hot-headed, conditions. For a union to accept any­ No definition of the word is given. It is irresponsible union leaders who need thing less when it can secure the union left entirely in the hands of the agencies some sort of cold douche to bring them sho~ would be treason to the interests of or individuals enforcing the law. Here, back to their senses. But strikes are not its workers. The union shop has worked again, organized labor has learned from caused by the irresponsible acts of indi­ admirably in scores of basic industries. experience to look with deep suspicion vidual union leaders. They are caused It is prevalent in all organized industry, on the loose use of a word or a phrase by long-standing grievances that accu­ recognized by responsible union leaders that can be interpreted in any one of a mulate over a long period of time, griev­ and employers alike as necessary to good, dozen ways against the normal activities . ances that are not settled by other means. stable labor relations. To make the union of unions. The Wagner Labor Relations The proposed cooling-off period would shop illegal would be to set back the Act was written to prevent such inter­ not remove these grievances. On the clock of la1Jor relations a generation or ference with normal and legitimate union contrary, the status quo that caused the more. It would reduce labor to the old activities. It was designed to free labor strike vote would not be touched by cool­ days of involuntary servitude, where em­ from such shackles as had been imposed ing off. The grievances would remain ployment under any conditions as set by on it in the past. This section of the bill .unsettled, still rankling in the minds of the master must be accepted. It would would place these shackles on labor the workers. And the workers will in- be a denial again of all that American again, would wipe out the gains in indus­ terpret cooling off, no matter in what democracy has meant to American trial democracy that have been made phrases it is disguised, as an attack on workers. under this most important piece of social the fundamental American right to All the sections of the Vinson bill are legislation. Such a use of the word "co­ strike. dangerous invasions of civil rights and of ercive" was sought by those who would rhey will see on the one side the cor­ the basic freedoms that Americans have have amended the Wagner Act over the­ porations piling up huge profits, refusing won for themselves. One of the most past few years. Labor and progressive to agree to just and reasonable demands glaring of these invasions is concealed in people everywhere fought to preserve the of wage increases, and on the other side the section allowing employers to dis­ act from such interpretations and ·their own -1mions deprived of their last charge men on the mere suspicion of be­ amendments. They will not fail to resist resort in enforcing those demands-the ing "subversive." To begin with, no defi­ this new attack on fundamental rights. . right to strike. Without this right the nition of the word "subversive" is given Indeed, the entire organized-labor unions would have no real bargaining in the bill. It can include anything the movement in this country has already power. They could not hope to go to the employer may not happen to like. The shown its unanimous resistance to the employers as equals. They could only go experience of organized labor has sho:wn Vinson bill. President Green, of the as supplicants, hoping that the employers that this term, so loosely applied, can be A. F. of L., has described it in a speech will grant their demands, with no possi­ used against union leaders and union to one of the A. F. of L.'s affiliated unions bility of using their economic strength to members in the industry. Labor has seen as "an about-face to take liberties away make these demands felt. American this happen time and time again. It from Americans" and an effort to regi­ workers do not take kindly to the idea of has seen union leaders and members who ment American labor. A. F. of L. Secre­ going to their employers, or anYWhere are vigilant in protecting the working tary-TreMurer George Meany described else for that matter, as supplicants. standards of themselves and their fellow it before the House Rules Committee only They regard themselves, as all Ameri­ workers stigmatized as subversive, dis­ last week as "a punitive measure" that cans do, as free men, with the right to crjminated against, frequently fired, cut would destroy the rights of American ta,ke concerted action for the redress of off from the chance of earning a living. workers. "The A. F. of L.," he said, "is grievances. Thia right is basic to all the Organized labor is, therefore, right in absolutely opposed to compulsory labor.'' rights that the American people have viewing the loose use of this term "sub­ which this bill would mean. possessed since our Nation became free. versive" with deep suspicion. It is right C. I. 0. President Philip Murray em­ ·without this right, the basic fabric of not only from its own experience but phatically warned the affiliates of his or­ our democracy is threatened. And with from the basic fact that American labor ganization that the bill "will seriously that threat comes a threat not only to is loyal, is patriotic, is devoted to the endanger the future existence of our the rigl:ts of the American people but defense of democracy. unions." He further warned in a letter to also to the living and working standards After all, who has a greater stake in House Naval Affairs Committee Chair­ they have built up over years of organized democracy than the American worker? man VINSON that: effort. Who has more to lose if democracy is The contents of this b111 and the procedure The clause in the Vinson bill outlawing lost? Without the guaranties that de­ which has been adopted by your committee in the union shop in unorganized indus­ mocracy provides, American labor would connection therewith merit the most forth­ tries is another blow at the vital rights live in a condition of servitude, would see right condemnation and opposition of or­ of the organized labor movement. We all its gains swept away, would see its ganized labor. hear much talk of the supposed evils of hard-won standards dissipated overnight. the closed or union shop. It is painted The tactics of smearing militant, pro­ As I pointed out earlier, this b111 was as a monstrous device of selfish union gressive trade-unions and their leaders rushed through the House Naval Affairs leaders to ensure their own power. Ac­ are as old as the industrial system of Committee with blitzkrieg speed. Only 2 tually the union shop is a very simple production. It has been used against days were given over to hearings on a device by which labor unions seek to every union in our history, sometimes measure affecting the daily lives of mil­ guarantee their own existence and the with very damaging e:fiect. It has in­ lions of men and women and the whole existence of the improved conditions they variably been used against those whose welfare of the Nation. Only two wit­ win from employers. It does not exclude efforts in behalf of themselves and their nesses were heard. workers from employment in industry. families and their fellow workers have This bill is a dangerous measure. It is It merely sees to it that good working been irritating or troublesome to the em­ dangerous not only to the millions of conditions won over a period of struggle ployer. To give this smear tactics the workers who will be covered by it but to shall not be sacrificed or evaded by em­ force of Federal law, as this bill does, the entire fabric of democracy in our ployment of nonunion members. It is a would be to underwrite the whole shabby country. President Roosevelt has safeguard against attempts to weaken or history of persecution and discrimination pointed out that our defense program de­ destroy the union through displacement in American history.- It would be to un­ mands a happy, contented people whose of 1ts members by nonunion workers. It derwrite all the evils exposed by the Sen­ devotion to democracy is made real by is also a guaranty that all workers who ate Committee on Civil Liberties, the evils concrete benefit& that flow from democ­ benefit by union-won conditions shall of industrial espionage and industrial racy. This bill, if passed, will under­ take their share of responsibility for . blackmail used so extensively to combat mine that foundation. It will produce maintaining those improvements. It 1s unionism in the past. discontent, dissatisfaction, and a stroDI 1941 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE 3475 questioning of the motives of Congress in 4. Tuesday, May 6: Proponents and a.m., Wednesday, May 7, 1941. Business voting a huge defense program on the representatives of the South Atlantic to be considered: Public hearing on one hand and in voting to rob our own region, including rivers flowing into the H. R. 4314. people of democracy on the other. It Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of MeXico COMMITTEE ON THE MERCHANT MARINE cannot be defended on any ground of east of the Mississippi River. AND FISHERIES reason or common sense. It is not 5. Wednesday, May 7: Proponents and needed. Its passage will set back our representatives of the Corps of Engineers The Committee on the Merchant Ma­ progress toward industrial democracy a for the Arkansas, White, Red, and St. rine and Fisheries will hold public hear­ score of years and more. Francis River Basins. ings on Wednesday, May 14, 1941, at 10 I would be thE: :first one to ask for pun­ 6. Thursday, May 8: Lower Mississippi a. m. on H. R. 3361, to provide that the ishment of saboteurs who try to obstruct River. Gen. Max C. Tyler, president of United States shall aid the States in :fish­ our defense program-no matter whether the Mississippi River Co"mmission, and restoration and management projects, they would be found in the camp of em­ Gen. Julian L. Schley, Chief of Engi­ and for other purposes. ployers or employees. I would be the neers on the lower Mississippi River and :first one to demand severe penalties for proposed modifications of the adopted EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, people who use their positions in our de­ project. ETC. 7. Friday, May 9: Proponents and rep­ fense industries to disrupt work upon Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive orders from foreign agitators. However, resentatives of the Corps of Engineers for the lower Mississippi River and communications were taken from the I do not see any necessity for antilabor Speaker's table and referred as follows: legislation which would unjustly punish tributaries other than the Arkansas, the our whole working populatfon and take White, the Red, and the St. Francis 481. A communication from the President Rivers. of the United States, transmitting a request away the protection to which they are for extension of the powers conferred by sec­ entitled. If we want to keep industrial 8. Monday, May 12: Proponents and tion 10 of the Gold Reserve Act of 1934, as peace, we will have to extend our Gov­ representatives of the Corps of Engineers amended, and the powers specified in para­ ernment's protection equally to employer for other projects in other regions and in graph (b) (2) of section 43, title III of the and employee and see to it that the foes other parts of the United States. act approved May 12, 1933, as amended; to of democracy du not use this emergency 9. Tuesday, May 13: Representatives the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and to attain their own ends by creating con­ of the Department of Agriculture and Measures. other governmental agencies. 482. A communication from the President fusion and disunion among our people. of the United States, transmitting supple­ [Applause.] 10. Wednesday, May 14: Senators and Members of Congress. mental estimates of appropriations for the LEAVE OF ABSEHCE District of Columbia for the fiscal year 1941 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS amounting to $484,600 (H. Doc. No. 190); By unanimous consent leave of absence There will be a meeting of the Com­ to the Committee on Appropriations and was granted as follows: mittee on Foreign Affairs at 10:30 a. m., ordered to be printed. To Mr. PAcE, for 10 days, on account Thursday, May 1, 1941, for the consider­ 483. A letter from the Secretary of War, of illness in family. transmitting a report of awards made under ation of House Joint Resolution 172, to the authority of the act of March 5, 1940 To Mr. CLAYPOOL, for 4 days, on ac­ appropriate the sum of $200,000 for the (Public, No. 426, 76th Cong.); to the Com­ count of important business. victims of the earthquake at Colima; mittee on Military Affairs. BILLS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT Mexico; and House Joint Resolution 174, 484. A letter from the Acting Postmaster for the relief of the distressed and suffer­ Genera1, transmitting a draft of a proposed Mr. KIRWAN, from the Committee on ing peoples in the earthquake zone of bill to further amend the acts for promoting Enrolled Bills, reported that that com­ Mexico. the circulation of reading matter among the mittee did on this day present to the blind; to the Committee on the Post Otnce President, for his approval, bills of the COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY and Post Roads. House of the following titles: The Committee on the Judiciary will H. R. 2082. An act relating to certain in­ hold public hearings on H. R. 4499, a bill REPORTS OF COMMITI'EES ON PUB­ spections and investigations in coal mines to authorize the heads of the various LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS for the purpose of obtaining information re­ departments and agencies of the United lating to health and safety conditions, acci­ States to enter into contracts without Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of dents, and occupational diseases therein, and · advertising or competitive bidding when committees were delivered to the Clerk fo~ other purposes; and it is in the interest of the national de­ for printing and reference to the proper H. R. 3252. An act to make emergency pro­ calendar, as follows: visioJ;l for certain activities of the United fense, to authorize the President to give States Maritime Commission, and for other priority to deliveries under such con­ Mr. TAYLOR: Committee on Appropria­ purposes. tracts, and for other purposes, on Thurs­ tions. H. R. 4590. A bill making appropria­ ADJOURNMENT day, May 1, 1941, at 10 a. m., in room tions for the Department of ·the Interior for 346, House Office Building, before Sub­ the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, and for Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Speaker, I move that other purposes; without amendment (Rept. the House do now adjourn. committee No. 4. No. 476). Referred to the Committee of the The motion was agreed to; accordingly The Committee on the Judiciary will Whole House on the state of the Union.